Quy hoạch tổng thể phát triển du lịch vùng Đông Nam Bộ đến năm ...
Quy hoạch tổng thể phát triển du lịch vùng Tây Nguyên đến năm ...
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Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam
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M U
I. S CN THIT LP QUY HOCH
Trong hn hai thp k va qua, nh thc hin chnh sch i mi, m ca
v hi nhp ca ng v Nh nc, nn kinh t nc ta c nhng bc pht
trin vt bc. Trong bi cnh pht trin chung , ngnh Du lch Vit Nam
t c nhng thnh tu to ln, ng gp ng k vo nn kinh t v vo qu
trnh chuyn dch c cu kinh t theo hng tng dn t trng dch v. Chnh v
vy, ng v Nh nc quan tm ch o s nghip pht trin du lch ca t
nc v xc nh du lch l ngnh kinh t mi nhn trong thi k cng nghip
ha, hin i ha t nc. pht trin ngnh Du lch Vit Nam tr thnh ngnh kinh t mi nhn,
gp phn xng ng vo nn kinh t t nc, ng v Nh nc ch o
ngnh Du lch xy dng Chin lc pht trin du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020,
tm nhn n nm 2030, v xy dng Quy hoch tng th pht trin du lch Vit Nam n 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030. Theo , v mt lnh th, c nc c chia thnh 7 vng du lch (Vng Trung du Min ni Bc B, Vng ng bng
Sng Hng v Duyn hi ng Bc, Vng Bc Trung B, Vng Duyn hi Nam
Trung B, Vng Ty Nguyn, Vng ng Nam B v Vng ng bng Sng
Cu Long).
Vng Ty Nguyn bao gm lnh th ca 5 tnh l Kon Tum, Gia Lai, k
Lk, k Nng v Lm ng. Tng din tch t nhin l 54.640,6 km2 (chim
16,5% din tch c nc); dn s tnh n cui nm 2010 l 5,214 triu ngi
(chim 6,0% dn s c nc); mt dn s trung bnh l 95 ngi/km2.
Vng Ty Nguyn c v tr chin lc quan trng v kinh t, chnh tr,
quc phng an ninh i vi c nc v khu vc ng Dng. Nm khu vc
ng ba bin gii Vit Nam - Lo - Campuchia, tip gip vi cc vng Bc Trung
B, Duyn hi Nam Trung B v ng Nam B, Vng Ty Nguyn c iu kin
thun li m rng giao lu pht trin kinh t, c bit l du lch vi nhiu
vng trong c nc v quc t.
Ty Nguyn c nn a hnh kh a dng, t vng ni cao n cc cao
nguyn rng ln v cc thung lng vi nhng cnh ng tr ph..., to nn
cho Ty Nguyn c kh hu trong lnh, mt m quanh nm (kh hu n i trong
lng nhit i), vi nhiu cnh quan hp dn, nhiu thc ghnh him tr, nhiu
cnh rng nguyn sinh vi gi tr a dng sinh hc cao...
Ty Nguyn l ni c tr ca 47 dn tc anh em, mi dn tc c nhng gi
tr di sn vn ha khc nhau to thnh mt kho tng vn ha c sc nht trong
c nc. l Khng gian Vn ha Cng ching Ty Nguyn - kit tc v l di sn vn ha phi vt th ca nhn loi; cc gi tr kin trc truyn thng c o
nh Nh Rng, Nh Di, Nh M; cc l hi truyn thng c o (l hi ua
Voi, Cng Ching, B M, Cm Mi); cc gi tr vn ha dn gian, cc s thi
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truyn ming, cc loi nhc c dn tc c o. Ty Nguyn cn lu gi nhiu di
tch lch s cch mng gn lin vi truyn thng u tranh gi nc ca dn tc
(Ngc Kon Tum, Chin thng k T - Tn Cnh...).
Vi nhng li th v v tr, v tim nng du lch, nhng trong thi gian
qua vic khai thc cc li th pht trin du lch Ty Nguyn cn rt hn
ch. S lt khch du lch n Ty Nguyn cn t, tng thu t du lch cn hn ch
cha c nhng ng gp ln cho kinh t - x hi ca cc a phng trong
Vng Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn hn ch l cng tc quy hoch, xy
dng chin lc pht trin ca mi a phng v ca ton vng cn chm v
thc hin cha tt; thiu s lin kt lin vng v hp tc cht ch v du lch gia
cc a phng trong vng cng nh s phi hp vi cc a phng khc trong
c nc; s phi hp lin ngnh mi a phng trong pht trin du lch cng
cn hn ch... Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu xy dng Quy hoch tng th pht
trin du lch vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030 l rt
cn thit v cp bch nhm a ra nhng nh hng, nhng mc tiu, nhng
chin lc, nhng gii php c th khai thc c hiu qu nhng li th v v
tr v tim nng ca Ty Nguyn phc v pht trin du lch, to c hi cho du
lch Ty Nguyn pht trin tng xng v chim v tr quan trong trong tng th
du lch c nc.
II. CN C LP QUY HOCH
1. Cc cn c php l
- Lut Du lch s 44/2005/QH11 ngy 14/6/2005;
- Lut Di sn Vn ha s 28/2001/QH10 ngy 29/6/2001; Lut sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Lut Di sn Vn ha s 32/2009/QH12 ngy
18/6/2009;
- Lut Bo v v Pht trin rng s 29/2004/QH11 ngy 03/12/2004;
- Lut Bo v Mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005;
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26 thng 11 nm 2003;
- Ngh nh s 92/2006/N-CP ngy 07/9/2006 ca Chnh ph v lp, ph
duyt v qun l quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi;
- Ngh nh 92/2007/N-CP ngy 01/6/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi
tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Du lch;
- Ngh nh 98/2009/N-CP ngy 21/9/2010 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi
tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Di sn vn ha v Lut sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Lut Di sn Vn ha;
- Ngh nh s 04/2008/N-CP ngy 11/1/2008 ca Chnh ph sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 92/2006/N-CP ngy 07/9/2006 ca
Chnh ph v lp, ph duyt v qun l quy hoch pht trin KT - XH;
- Thng t s 01/2012/TT-BKHT ngy 9/2/2012 ca B K hoch v
u t v hng dn xc nh mc chi ph cho lp, thm nh v cng b
quy hoch tng th pht trin KT-XH; quy hoch pht trin ngnh, lnh
vc v sn phm ch yu;
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- Thng t 01/2007/TT-BKH ngy 07 thng 2 nm 2007 ca B K hoch
v u t hng dn thc hin mt s iu ca Ngh nh s
92/2006/N-CP ngy 07/9/2006 ca Chnh ph v lp, ph duyt v
qun l quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi;
- Quyt nh s 2473/Q-TTg ngy 30 thng 12 nm 2011 ca Th tng
Chnh ph v ph duyt Chin lc pht trin Du lch Vit Nam n
nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030;
- Quyt nh s 201/Q-TTg ngy 22 thng 01 nm 2013 ca Th tng
Chnh ph v ph duyt Quy hoch tng th pht trin Du lch Vit Nam
n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030;
- Quyt nh s 1058/Q-BVHTTDL ngy 22/3/2012 ca B trng B
Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch v vic giao nhim v lp Quy hoch tng
th pht trin du lch vng Ty Nguyn n 2020, tm nhn n 2030;
- Quyt nh s 1695/Q-BVHTTDL ngy 07/5/2012 ca B trng B
Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch ph duyt ni dung cng Quy hoch
tng th pht trin du lch vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020, tm nhn n
nm 2030;
- Quyt nh s 936/Q-TTg ngy 22/7/2012 ca Th tng Chnh ph
ph duyt Quy hoch tng th pht trin KT-XH vng Ty Nguyn n
nm 2020; - Kt lun s 12-KL/TW ngy 24/10/2011 ca B Chnh tr v vic tip tc
thc hin Ngh quyt s 10-NQ/TW ngy 18/01/2002 ca B Chnh tr v
pht trin kinh t - x hi v m bo quc phng, an ninh vng Ty
Nguyn thi k 2001 - 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020.
2. Cc cn c khc
- Quyt nh s 168/2001/Q-TTG ngy 30/10/2001 ca Th tng Chnh
ph v nh hng di hn, k hoch 5 nm 2001-2005 v nhng gii
php c bn pht trin kinh t - x hi Vng Ty Nguyn.
- Quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh Kinh t - X hi vng Ty Nguyn
n nm 2020.
- Bo co quy hoch cc ngnh kinh t v sn phm ch yu c lin quan.
- Tim nng v thc trng pht trin du lch cc tnh Vng Ty Nguyn n
nm 2011; nhu cu v xu th pht trin du lch trong nc, khu vc v
quc t trong giai on mi.
- Cc s liu thng k v ti liu khc lin quan... III. QUAN IM V MC TIU QUY HOCH 1. Quan im quy hoch
- m bo cc nguyn tc v quy hoch c quy nh trong Lut Du lch.
- Ph hp vi Quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi vng Ty
Nguyn n nm 2020; ph hp vi Chin lc v Quy hoch tng th
pht trin du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030.
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- Pht huy li th ca Vng, ca mi a phng; s dng hp l, hiu qu
ti nguyn; p ng nhu cu pht trin du lch... 2. Mc tiu quy hoch: Mc tiu ch yu ca Quy hoch l c th ha
Chin lc v Quy hoch tng th pht trin du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020,
tm nhn n nm 2030 nhm:
- Thc hin cng tc qun l pht trin du lch c hiu qu v thng nht
trong mi lin h ton vng v vi cc vng khc trong c nc.
- To c s lp cc quy hoch pht trin du lch a phng, cc khu du
lch trng im, cc d n u t pht trin du lch trn a bn vng gp
phn khai thc c hiu qu tim nng du lch vng.
IV. GII HN PHM VI LP QUY HOCH 1. V khng gian: Lnh th vng Ty Nguyn theo Chin lc v Quy
hoch tng th pht trin du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm
2030, bao gm 5 tnh l Kon Tum, Gia Lai, k Lk, k Nng v Lm ng. 2. V thi gian: Cc s liu hin trng c thng k v s dng t 2000 -
2011; cc nh hng pht trin v s liu d bo trong Quy hoch n 2020, tm
nhn n nm 2030. V. PHNG PHP LP QUY HOCH 1. Phng php thu thp ti liu: c s dng la chn nhng ti liu,
s liu, nhng thng tin c lin quan n ni dung v i tng nghin cu trong
quy hoch. Phng php ny rt quan trng, l tin gip cho vic phn tch,
nh gi tng hp cc ni dung v i tng nghin cu mt cch khch quan v
chnh xc. 2. Phng php phn tch tng hp: c s dng trong sut qu trnh
phn tch, nh gi ton din cc ni dung, cc i tng nghin cu trong quy
hoch nh: thc trng tim nng ti nguyn du lch; thc trng cng tc t chc
qun l v khai thc ti nguyn du lch; thc trng pht trin ca h thng c s
h tng phc v pht trin du lch; thc trng bin ng ca mi trng du lch;
thc trng pht trin ca cc ch tiu kinh t du lch... 3. Phng php iu tra, kho st thc a: c thc hin nhm iu tra
b sung hoc kim tra li nhng thng tin quan trng cn thit cho qu trnh phn
tch, nh gi v x l cc ti liu v s liu. Thng qua phng php ny cho
php xc nh c th hn v v tr, ranh gii, quy m cng nh tm quan trng
ca cc i tng nghin cu; ng thi cn cho php xc nh kh nng tip cn
i tng (xc nh c kh nng tip cn bng cc loi phng tin g t th
trng khch du lch n cc im ti nguyn). Mt khc, trong thc t cng tc
thng k cc s liu ca cc ngnh ni chung v ca ngnh Du lch ni ring cn
cha hon chnh v ng b, cn nhiu bt cp v cha thng nht, do vy
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phng php nghin cu v kho st thc a ti ch l khng th thiu trong qu
trnh lp quy hoch. 4. Phng php d bo, chuyn gia: p dng phng php d bo, chuyn
gia nghin cu mt cch ton din cc yu t khch quan v ch quan; cc yu
t trong nc v quc t; cc yu t trong v ngoi ngnh du lch; nhng thun
li v kh khn thch thc... c nh hng su sc n s pht trin du lch Vit
Nam ni chung v ca Vng Ty Nguyn ni ring. Trn c s d bo cc ch
tiu pht trin du lch mt cch bn vng; nghin cu t chc khng gian lnh
th du lch; trong vic xut cc trng im, cc d n, cc lnh vc u tin u
t; cng nh trong vic xc nh cc sn phm du lch c th. 5. Phng php bn : c s dng trn c s kt qu cc ni dung phn
tch, nh gi, tng hp ca quy hoch. Vi cc kt qu c nghin cu,
thng qua phng php bn s th hin mt cch trc quan cc ni dung
nghin cu, cc s liu c th trn biu ; cng nh xc nh c im v s
phn b theo lnh th ca cc i tng c nghin cu trn bn (s phn b
ngun ti nguyn v mc hp dn ca chng, s phn b ca h thng kt cu
h tng, cc tuyn im du lch, cc ht nhn du lch, cc d n u tin u t
pht trin...).
VI. NI DUNG CH YU CA QUY HOCH 1. Xc nh v tr, vai tr v li th ca ngnh Du lch trong pht trin kinh t - x
hi ca Vng Ty Nguyn v quc gia. 2. Phn tch, nh gi tim nng cc ngun lc v hin trng pht trin du lch
Vng Ty Nguyn. 3. Xc nh quan im, mc tiu, tnh cht quy m pht trin du lch Vng Ty
Nguyn, d bo cc ch tiu v lun chng cc phng n pht trin du lch
vng n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030. 4. T chc khng gian du lch, kt cu h tng; nh hng pht trin th trng
v sn phm du lch, cc gi tr vn ha trong vng phc v pht trin du
lch, c s vt cht k thut du lch, ngun nhn lc du lch... 5. Xc nh danh mc cc khu vc, cc d n u tin u t pht trin du lch
Vng Ty Nguyn; nhu cu s dng t, vn u t pht trin du lch vng... 6. nh gi nhng tc ng ca du lch n mi trng, cc gii php bo v ti
nguyn du lch v mi trng. 7. xut c ch, chnh sch; cc gii php; m hnh t chc qun l pht trin
du lch Vng Ty Nguyn theo quy hoch.
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PHN TH NHT
NH GI CC YU T NGUN LC V HIN TRNG
PHT TRIN DU LCH VNG TY NGUYN
I. CC YU T NGUN LC PHT TRIN DU LCH VNG
1. c im t nhin, iu kin kinh t - x hi Vng Ty Nguyn 1.1. c im t nhin ca Vng 1.1.1. V tr a l: Vng Ty Nguyn c v tr chin lc quan trng v kinh t, chnh tr, quc phng an ninh i vi c nc v khu vc ng Dng. Ton
Vng Ty Nguyn nm trn nn a hnh cao t 250 - 2.500m v l u
ngun ca 4 h thng sng ln (sng Ba, sng ng Nai, sng M Kng v sng
Serepok) v c h thng giao thng quan trng nh cc quc l 14, 14C, 19, 20,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29; v h thng cng hng khng Lin Khng, Bun Ma
Thut, Pleiku. V pha ng, Vng Ty Nguyn c mi lin h cht ch v kinh
t - x hi vi cc tnh Duyn hi Nam Trung B; v pha Ty tip gip v c
mi lin h trc tip vi cc tnh Nam Lo v ng Bc Campuchia thng qua
cc ca khu quc t ng b (c bit l ca khu quc t B Y - Ng Ba
ng Dng, ca khu L Thanh); v pha Nam tip gip vi Vng ng Nam
B v Vng ng bng Sng Cu Long. Vi v tr a l nh vy, Vng Ty
Nguyn c iu kin thun li m rng giao lu pht trin kinh t vi nhiu
vng trong c nc v quc t. 1.1.2. a hnh: c im quan trng nht v a hnh Vng Ty Nguyn l mt sn nguyn, bao gm cc dy ni cao trn 2.000m, tip n l cc dy ni thp
di 2.000m v cc cao nguyn vi cao t 300 - 800m thoi dn v pha Ty,
Ty Nam v Nam. Vng cao nguyn khong 2.637,7 nghn ha (chim 47%);
vng ni c cao t 800 - 2.598m c din tch khong 1.536,14 nghn ha
(chim 34,5%); thung lng gia ni khong 1.037,8 nghn ha (chim 17,5%). a
hnh Ty Nguyn b chia ct phc tp, nhng c th chia thnh 3 dng chnh nh
sau:
- a hnh vng ni cao: Bao gm cc dy ni Ngc Linh, An Kh, Ch
Dju, Vng Phu, dy Ty Khnh Ha, dy Ch Yang Sin (c nh cao nht Nam
Trng Sn), dy Ni B (Lang Biang)... a hnh vng ni cao b chia ct phc
tp, din tch rng ca Vng Ty Nguyn tp trung ch yu y, phn ln l
rng nguyn sinh v rng u ngun, trong vng cn tn ti nhiu h ng vt,
thc vt qu him, cc loi khong sn qu: qu, vng, kim loi..., phn b tp
trung vng ni. Dn s a hnh vng ni cn rt tha, ch yu l cc dn tc
t ngi.
- a hnh cao nguyn: gm cao nguyn Kon Tum, MDrk, Bun Ma
Thut cao khong 500m; cao nguyn Kon Plng, Kon H Nng, Pleiku cao
khong 800m; cao nguyn M Nng cao khong 800 - 1.000m; cao nguyn Di
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Linh cao khong 900 - 1.000m; cao nguyn Lm Vin cao khong 1.500m. Tt c
cc cao nguyn ny u c bao bc v pha ng bi cc dy ni cao.
- a hnh thung lng: Gm cnh ng An Kh rng 15 km, di 45 km;
min trng gia ni Kon Tum chy dc sng Pk; Bnh nguyn Easup nm
pha Bc Bun Ma Thut; Vng trng Cheo Reo - Ph Tc nm theo t gy Ty
Bc - ng Nam ko di t Kon Tum xung; Vng trng Krng Pk - Lk pha
Nam cao nguyn Bun Ma Thut. Vng c a hnh thung lng l vng pht trin
cy lng thc, thc phm ch yu ca Ty Nguyn, vng ny l vng c tim
nng pht trin thy sn nui c nc ngt. 1.1.3. Kh hu: Nm gia 11
0 - 15
0 v Bc, Vng Ty Nguyn c kh hu nhit
i gi ma, vi 2 ma ma v kh r rt. Tuy nhin, do v tr v hng ni, do
nh hng ca ai cao nn kh hu Vng Ty Nguyn b phn d kh nhiu ty
theo tng khu vc. Ton Vng c th chia thnh 3 tiu vng kh hu tng ng
vi 3 tiu vng a hnh, gm Bc Ty Nguyn (tng ng vi cc tnh Kon Tum
v Gia Lai), Trung Ty Nguyn (tng ng vi cc tnh k Lk v k Nng),
Nam Ty Nguyn (tng ng vi tnh Lm ng). Trung Ty Nguyn c cao
thp hn v nn nhit cao hn hai tiu vng pha Bc v pha Nam.
Do nh hng ca ai cao, nn c ln cao 100m th nhit gim i 0,60C,
do xp x trn cng v tuyn, nhit trung bnh Pleiku (800m) thp hn
Quy Nhn 50C; Bun Ma Thut thp hn Nha Trang 3
0C; Lt (1.500m)
thp hn Phan Rang (500m) 90C...
Tr cc vng gia ni, cc bnh nguyn (Cheo Reo - Ph Tc, Kon Tum)
c nhit cao, ni chung cng ln cao cc cao nguyn u mt hn. Nhit
trung bnh hng nm cc khu vc c cao 500 - 800m l 21 - 230C; cc khu
vc c cao 800 - l.100m, nhit khng kh trung bnh nm l 19 - 210C; cc
khu vc c cao trn 1.500m nhit khng kh trung bnh ca nm n nh
trong khong 180C. Chnh lch gia thng nng nht v lnh nht t 3
0C - 6
0C.
Nhit trung bnh hng nm ca ton Vng l 240C; lng nh sng di do,
cng n nh. Tng lng bc x mt tri trung bnh hng nm 240 - 250
kcal/cm2. S gi nng trung bnh 2.200 - 2.700 gi/nm. Bin dao ng nhit
gia ngy v m kh ln (ma kh t 15 - 200C, ma ma t 10 - 15
0C).
Lng ma Ty Nguyn phn b khng u do nh hng ca a hnh.
Lng ma trung bnh hng nm ca ton Vng khong 1.900 - 2.000mm, tp
trung ch yu trong ma ma. Nhng sn cao n gi ma Ty Nam nh
Pleiku, Bo Lc c lng ma (2.200mm - 2.500mm) ln hn lng ma cc
vng thp nh Bun Ma Thut (1.700mm). Nhng ni b khut i vi c gi
ma Ty Nam v gi ma ng Bc nh trng Cheo Reo c lng ma thp
nht (l.200mm).
c im ni bt nht ca kh hu Ty Nguyn l s phn chia thnh 2
ma r rt: Ma ma t thng 5 n thng 10, kh hu mt m, n nh, nhit
trung bnh hng thng khong 21 - 250C, hu ht lng ma trong nm tp trung
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trong ma ny, nh ma thng xut hin vo thng 8 - 9. Ma kh t thng 11
n thng 4 nm sau, kh hu khc nghit, khong u ma nhit thp (thng 1
nhit trung bnh 16 - 180C), nhng cui ma nhit ln cao (thng 4 nhit
trung bnh 24 - 280C), lng ma trong cc thng ma kh rt thp v thng 3
lng ma thp nht.
Nh vy kt hp vi cc yu t a hnh, t ai phn chia lnh th Ty
Nguyn thnh nhng vng, tiu vng c iu kin sinh thi rt khc nhau, thch
hp cho nhiu loi ng, thc vt sinh trng v pht trin. 1.1.4. Ngun nc
+ Ngun nc mt: Ty Nguyn c 4 h thng sng ln l Sesan, Serepok
( v sng M Kng), sng Ba ( v Tuy Ha - Ph Yn) v sng ng Nai
( v ng Nai). Ngoi ra cn c mt h thng sng sui nh xung vng
Duyn hi Nam Trung B. Cc h thng sng ny cung cp cho Ty Nguyn
mt lng nc l 53,7 km3/nm; bnh qun 972.000 m
3/km
2.
- Sng Sesan v Serepok: Tng lng nc hng nm ca 2 sng Sesan v
Serepok l 30,3km3, trong sng Sesan chim 1/3. su dng chy bnh qun
ton lu vc l 987mm ng vi m dun dng chy l 31,3 lt/s/km2. S phn b
dng chy trn lu vc khng u. Thng ngun sng Sesan c m dun dng
chy t 35 - 40 lt/s/km2, thng ngun Serepok nh hn 20 lt/s/km
2.
- H thng sng Ba: C din tch lu vc 11.410km
2, nhnh chnh v dng
chnh t ngun n gip gii tnh Ph Yn di 304 km, c 3 nhnh chnh:
. Nhnh Ya Yun di 177 km, c din tch lu vc 2.847 km2
. Nhnh Krng Hmng di 100 km, c din tch lu vc 1.975 km2
. Nhnh sng Hinh di 74 km, c din tch lu vc 439 km2
- H thng thng ngun sng ng Nai chim gn ht din tch phn
Nam Ty Nguyn. Dng chnh thng ng Nai nm trong lnh th tnh Lm
ng c nhnh a Nhim di 130km vi din tch lu vc l 2.010km2 v nhnh
ln ng k l a n di 90km vi din tch lu vc l 1.225km2. Cc nhnh
ln khc l ca h thng thng ngun sng ng Nai, gm:
. Nhnh a T c din tch lu vc 470 km2 Ty Nam Lm ng
. Nhnh a Hon c din tch lu vc 965km2 nm gia a T v a Ng
. Nhnh a Ng c din tch lu vc 968 km2 nm pha nam Lm ng.
Trung bnh hng nm cc lu vc sng Ty Nguyn tip nhn mt lng
ma kh ln, gn 2.000mm. Kh nng bc hi ca cc lu vc Ty Nguyn rt
ln: lng bc hi t cc lu vc cn km nhiu so vi kh nng bc hi thc t
v trong thi gian kh hn ko di lng nc trong t khng cung cp cho
bc hi.
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Bng 1: Tim nng nc mt vng Ty Nguyn tnh trung bnh theo lu vc sng
Lu vc
(din tch lu vc, km2)
Tng lng ma
trung bnh
(106m
3/nm)
Tng lng dng
mt trung bnh
(106m
3/nm)
Tng lng
dng ngm
(106m
3/nm)
Tng tim nng ton lu
vc sng Ty Nguyn 93.292,41 46.209,00 6.748,45
Trong :
Sng Sesan (11.620) 22.368,50 12.422,60 2.235,33
Sng Serepok (18.480) 32.635,68 14.919,30 2.071,09
Sng Ba (10.970) 17.277,75 8.026,04 819,62
Sng ng Nai (10.938) 21.010,48 10.841,06 1.622,41
Ngun: QH pht trin kinh t - x hi Vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020.
Ty Nguyn c rt nhiu h ln c kh nng cung cp ngun nc nh:
- H Xun Hng ( Lt): l mt h p nm gia trung tm thnh ph
Lt. Xung quanh h c rng thng v cc bi c, vn hoa. y l a im
du khch a thch i do b hoc xe nga khi n tham quan thnh ph Lt.
- H Than Th: l mt h nc t nhin thuc thnh ph Lt v cng l
mt a im du lch hp dn. Trc y vng h Than Th c mt ci ao gi l
Tn Pang ng. Vo nm 1917, ngi Php p p xy dng h cha nc
cung cp nc sinh hot cho thnh ph Lt. Ngi Php t tn h l Lac des
Soupirs vi ngha th hai (ting r ro), nhng khi dch sang ting Vit li dch
theo ngha th nht: h Than Th. Vo lc bnh minh, sng m bao ph mt h,
to nn mt bc tranh thy mc tuyt p, nn sau nm 1975 h Than Th cn
mang tn h Sng Mai.
- H Lk: l h nc t nhin ln nht tnh k Lk, nm trn tuyn giao
thng gia Bun Ma Thut v Lt, cch thnh ph Bun Ma Thut khong 56
km v pha nam theo quc l 27. Trn sn i cnh H Lk c ngi bit th
ngh mt ca cu hong Bo i. y l ni ng thng n ngm cnh, sn
bn, ngh ngi mi khi c dp ln thnh ph Bun Ma Thut. Ngi nh nm trn
nh i cao nhn ra mt nc ca H Lk. H Lk di un bao quanh th trn
Lc Thin. H rng trn 5 km2, c thng vi sng Krng Ana. Mt h lun
xanh thm in bng rng thng trn cc ngn i ven h. Xung quanh h l cc
cnh rng nguyn sinh rng ln vi h ng thc vt phong ph.
- H Ayun H: l h nc nhn to thuc tnh Gia Lai. H hnh thnh khi
dng sng Ayun c chn li vo u nm 1994, khi cng xy dng cng
trnh thy li Ayun H, p chnh v ca cp nc ca h nm trn a bn x
Ch A Thai - huyn Ph Thin, cch thnh ph Pleiku 70km v pha Ty. Vng
ngp chnh ca h thuc a phn x HBng huyn Ch S. Mt nc h c din
tch 37 km2, chiu di 25 km, ni rng nht 5 km.
10
Bng 2: Tim nng nc mt vng Ty Nguyn tnh theo tnh
Tn tnh
Tng lng ma
trung bnh nm
(106m
3/nm)
Tng lng dng
mt trung bnh nm
(106m
3/nm)
Tng lng
dng ngm
(106m
3/nm)
Kon Tum 14.322,98 11.109,00 1.549,68
Gia Lai 22.164,00 11.888,00 949,60
k Lk 12.929,00 6.163,00 647,60
k Nng 18.933,00 9.836,00 1114,60
Lm ng 16.466,00 10.180,00 2.346,00
Ton vng Ty Nguyn 84.814,98 49.176,00 6.607,48
Ngun: QH pht trin kinh t - x hi Vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020.
+ Nc ngm: Nc ngm c phn b su 50 - 150m, v vy nu
khai thc cn u t ln. Hin nay, tnh trng thm rng ang b xm hi, l nguy
c nh hng trc tip n s suy gim ngun nc ngm. Ti nguyn nc
ngm ca vng mt cn i nghim trng v ma kh. Cc h t nhin, nhn to,
cc kho nc rng ln to ra s bc hi mt nc, lng nc s dng khng
c hon li v b mt mt khi lng ln, c tnh trn 20% lng nc
dng..., do nh hng n s suy gim ca ngun nc ngm. c bit trong
ma kh, nhng ni mt rng, cc con sui kh cn, mc nc ngm tt su,
thiu nc tr nn nghim trng. V vy vic bo v v ti to thm thc vt rng
l ht sc cn thit bo v v b sung ngun nc ngm lu di cho sn xut
v i sng ngi dn Vng Ty Nguyn. 1.1.5. ng, thc vt: V h thc vt c trn 3.000 loi bc cao, trong c hn
1.000 loi cy cnh, gn 1.000 loi dc liu, 600 loi cy g ln. Mt s ni a
hnh cao t 1.000 - 2.000m nm gia hai tnh k Nng v Lm ng, khu h
thc vt cng c sc hn, c nhiu loi cy ln nh thng ba l, thng nng, v
hng... Nhng ni rng cha b xm hi, cn nhiu cy g ln v qu, cao hng
chc mt, ng knh ln n trn 1m. Trn a bn mt s huyn k Lk
hin cn loi thy tng cc k qu him, c xem l ha thch sng cn c
bo v nghim ngt.
Rng l mt ti nguyn ln c ngha rt quan trng i vi s pht trin
bn vng ca Vng Ty Nguyn. Vi din tch ln ( che ph 54,6%), h ng
thc vt a dng, Ty Nguyn c iu kin rt tt pht trin ngh rng v cng
nghip rng; ng thi cng l ni gi vai tr cn bng sinh thi, l ngun sinh
thy ca h thng sng sui khu vc Min Trung v ng Nam B. Nhng nm
gn y, bo tn ti nguyn rng, bo v mi trng sinh thi, Ty Nguyn
quy hoch 14 khu bo tn v vn quc gia cng vi hng chc khu bo tn
nh v rng c dng khc, vi tng din tch khong 460.000 ha (chim 8,3%
din tch t nhin ton vng).
Ty Nguyn nm trong vng nhit i m nn h thc vt rt phong ph
bao gm thc vt t nhin vi c trng ca rng nhit i m v cy trng a
dng. Cc loi thm thc vt t nhin ch yu l:
11
- Rng rm nhit i thng xanh a hnh thp, phn b ch yu ai
cao t 600m tr xung. Rng c 5 tng, trong 3 tng g cao 35 - 40m.
- Rng nhit i thng xanh vng ni thp: phn b ch yu cao 600
- l.600m. Rng c 5 tng, trong 3 tng g cao 25 - 30m.
- Rng rm nhit i thng xanh vng ni cao trung bnh: Phn b
cao trn l.600m. y l loi rng thp, gm nhng cy g thuc ngnh thng nh
pmu, d, quyn
- Rng rm nhit i na rng l: rng c 3 tng, trong c 2 tng cy
g. Tng trn rng l trong ma kh, tng di l cy g thng xanh.
- Rng tre tp trung khu vc o Bo Lc (Lm ng) v vng ng 3
bin gii (Gia Lai, Kon Tum). Loi rng ny ch yu pht trin a hnh thp
v di chn i ni thp.
- Trng le: Phn b cao 700 - 800m tr xung, c chiu cao 3 - 5m.
- Rng thng 3 l v 2 l: Thng gp k Giy, Mng en, Sa Thy,
k oa, Ea - H'Leo... Phn b cao di l.000m l loi thng 2 l v
cao t 1.000 - l.800m l loi thng 3 l.
- Rng m ly: thng gp pha Nam tnh k Lk cao 800 -
900m, tng cao nht n 20m.
Rng trng, rng ti sinh cng chim mt s din tch ng k. Hot ng
ca con ngi nh t nng lm ry, chin tranh tn ph xut hin thm rng
th sinh, trng c, trng cy bi. S dng t sn xut nng nghip trn a
bn Ty Nguyn lm cho thm thc vt ca vng c bin i su sc. T nm
1992 - 1995 din tch t nng nghip tng 50.357 ha. Giai on 1995 - 2000
din tch t nng nghip tng rt mnh 678.321 ha do ln sng nhp c ln vo
vng. Bnh qun hng nm giai on ny din tch t nng nghip tng thm
135.662 ha. n giai on 2000 - 2008 tc tng din tch t nng nghip ca
ton vng Ty Nguyn gim xung nhng vn mc cao (bnh qun trn 50.000
ha/nm).
V h ng vt, a hnh v thm thc vt nm trong mt di lin hon vi
ng Bc Campuchia v Nam Lo to nn mt khu h ng vt giu v thnh
phn loi vi s lng ln, c coi l khu vc phong ph bc nht v ng vt
hoang d ng Nam , l mt trung tm rt ng ch v s loi c hu, vi
93 loi th thuc 26 h v 16 b, 197 loi chim thuc 46 h v 18 b, gn 50 loi
b st, 25 loi lng th, trn 50 loi c nc ngt v hng nghn loi cn trng...
Trong s 56 loi ng vt c xng sng cn c coi l him ng Dng,
c ti 17 loi c Hip hi Quc t v Bo v Thin nhin xp vo danh sch
cc loi qu him cn c bo v nh t gic, voi, gu, b rng, b xm, b tt,
h, bo, hu vng, nai c toong, vn en, g li, cng, tr
12
1.2. iu kin kinh t - x hi Vng
1.2.1. c im dn c, dn tc: Ty Nguyn l vng c dn s tng nhanh nht nc ta, t 1 triu ngi nm 1975 ln trn 5,2 triu ngi nm 2010.
Theo kt qu tng iu tra dn s c nc nm 2009, dn s Ty Nguyn
l 5.107.437 ngi; chim 5,8% dn s ca c nc; mt dn s trung bnh l
92 ngi/km2 (mt trung bnh ca c nc l 260 ngi/km
2). n nm 2010,
dn s ton Vng tng ln 5.214.2000 ngi, tng 2,1% so vi nm 2009, mt
dn s trung bnh l 95 ngi/km2 (bng 3).
Bng 3: S phn b dn c Vng Ty Nguyn theo tnh (nm 2010)
S
TT
Tn tnh Din tch (km2) Dn s
(nghn ngi)
Mt dn s
(ngi/km2)
1 Kon Tum 9.690,5 443,4 46
2 Gia Lai 15.536,9 1.300,9 84
3 k Lk 13.125,4 1.754,4 134
4 k Nng 6.515,6 510,6 78
5 Lm ng 9.772,2 1.204,9 123
Ton Vng 54.640,6 5.214,2 95 Ngun: Nin gim Thng k 2010
Ty Nguyn l vng t a dn tc, a vn ha, vi rt nhiu c trng,
sc thi ca nhiu tc ngi, nhiu a phng trong c nc hi t; ng thi
cng l ni c tc tng dn s v bin ng v c cu dn c nhanh nht c
nc. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh l do tnh trng di c t do ko di
nhiu nm, n nay vn cn din ra phc tp.
Ty Nguyn l ni c c cu dn tc bin ng rt nhanh. Ton vng hin
nay c 47 dn tc (so vi nm 1975 tng thm 33 dn tc). Ring 12 dn tc
thiu s bn a chim 25,8% dn s ton vng v c s dn khng ng u.
ng bo dn tc thiu s Kon Tum chim 53,1% dn s ton tnh; Gia Lai
khong 44%; k Lk khong 29,5%. T sau ngy gii phng n nay, mt s
dn tc thiu s (Ty, Nng...) cc tnh pha Bc n Vng Ty Nguyn lm
n sinh sng lm cho thnh phn dn tc ca Vng ngy cng a dng. Cc dn
tc ny sinh sng ch yu vng su, vng xa, trong cc thn, lng. Ngi Kinh
sinh sng ch yu thnh ph, th trn, ven ng quc l, tnh l, vng kinh t
mi v khu vc cc nng lm trng quc doanh. ng bo cc dn tc thiu s
bn a ca Vng Ty Nguyn c kt cu tng i phc tp, c tr theo tng
lnh th, c qu trnh pht trin khng ng nht, a dng v ngn ng, tm l,
phong tc tp qun, tn ngng, vn ha ngh thut.
Mi dn tc Ty Nguyn c nhng nt p vn ha ring. Cc l hi
truyn thng (Cng Ching, ua Voi, B M, Cm Mi...); cc kiu kin trc
dn tc (nh rng, nh sn, nh di v nh m); cc nhc c lu i ni ting (cc
13
b cng ching, n , n T'rng...); cc bn trng ca Ty Nguyn... l nhng
gi tr vn ha vt th v phi vt th qu gi, trong Khng gian Vn ha Cng
Ching Ty Nguyn c UNESCO cng nhn l di sn vn ha phi vt th
ca nhn loi. Tt c cc gi tr truyn thng vn ha tt p ca cc dn tc to
nn s a dng, phong ph v vn ha ca Ty Nguyn.
Ty Nguyn l mt vng a tn ngng vi 4 tn gio chnh l Cng Gio;
Pht Gio; Tin Lnh v Cao i. T l dn s theo cc tn ngng so vi tng
dn s l 31,8%, trong cao nht l Cng Gio 15,7%, Pht Gio 9,6%, Tin
Lnh 6%, Cao i 0,5%.
Cc dn tc thiu s bn a Ty Nguyn thuc hai nhm ngn ng chnh
l Nam o (Malay - Plinding) v Nam (Mn - Kh me). Trong , ng
nht l dn tc Giarai (379.589 ngi), tip theo l (305.045 ngi), Bana
(185.657 ngi), Cho (129.759 ngi), Xng (103.251 ngi), Mnng
(89.980 ngi), Gi Tring (32.024 ngi), M (36.119 ngi), Churu (16.863
ngi), Raglai (1.210 ngi), Rmm (357 ngi) v Bru (347 ngi). 1.2.2. c im chung v kinh t
+ V tng trng kinh t: Trong giai on va qua, tc tng trng
kinh t ca Ty Nguyn kh cao, c bit trong giai on 2006 - 2010. Tc
tng trng kinh t ca Vng lun cao hn mc bnh qun chung ca c nc.
Khu vc Nng, Lm, Ng nghip pht trin kh n nh v ton din. Sn
lng la vt mc ch tiu ra trong quy hoch. n nay Ty Nguyn tr
thnh vng sn xut ng hng ha ln ca c nc. Cy cng nghip pht trin
nhanh, pht huy c li th t ai, bo m quy hoch v tng hiu qu kinh
t. Din tch gieo trng cy c ph, cao su, iu, ht tiu, bng... c t trng ln
so vi c nc v c ng gp ln vo xut khu nng nghip ton quc. Chn
nui tip tc pht trin, ging vt nui c ci to mt bc.
Sn xut cng nghip c pht trin theo hng khai thc th mnh ca
vng l thy in v ch bin nng - lm sn. Do c nhiu d n thy in quan
trng hon thnh v a vo s dng, nng lc sn xut ca cc c s ch bin
nng - lm sn, thc phm tng nhanh, dn n gi tr sn xut cng nghip trn
a bn Vng c tc tng trng kh cao.
Hot ng thng mi, dch v c bn p ng nhu cu sn xut, i sng
ca ng bo cc dn tc trong Vng. Cc dch v cung cp hng ha, tn dng,
ngn hng, ti chnh, vn ti, xut nhp khu u tng nhanh. Hot ng kinh
doanh du lch cng c nhiu chuyn bin tch cc v hiu qu, mt s a phng
trong Vng thu ht nhiu khch du lch nh Lt, Bun Ma Thut... Do vy
tc tng trng khu vc dch v ca Vng trong thi gian qua t kh cao, cao
hn so vi bnh qun c nc.
14
Bng 4: Tng trng kinh t Vng Ty Nguyn (2000 - 2010) n v tnh: T ng, gi so snh 1994
Ch tiu Nm
2000
Nm
2005
Nm
2008
Nm
2010
Tc tng trng
2001 -
2005
2006 -
2010
Tng GDP ton Vng 10.242 14.871 19.088 22.815 7,7% 8,9%
Nng - Lm - Thy sn 6.557 8.041 9.610 10.627 4,2% 5,7%
Cng nghip - Xy dng 1.313 2.804 4.204 5.468 16,4% 14,3%
Thng mi - Dch v 2.372 4.026 5.274 6.720 11,2% 10,8%
Ngun: QH pht trin kinh t - x hi Vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020.
+ V c cu kinh t: C cu kinh t c s chuyn dch theo hng hin
i, cc ngnh phi nng nghip (cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip, dch v)
pht trin nhanh theo hng cng nghip ha, hin i ha thu ht lao ng,
nng cao mc sng nhn dn. Tuy nng nghip vn c s tng trng v pht
trin mi v cht, nhng t l tng i trong c cu GDP gim xung; tng
ng l khu vc phi nng nghip tng ln. T trng ngnh nng - lm - ng nghip
trong c cu kinh t Vng gim t 53,6% nm 2000 xung 52,8% nm 2005
v t mc 51,2% nm 2010. GDP bnh qun u ngi ca ton Vng Ty Nguyn tng t 3,0 triu
ng nm 2000 ln khong 11,4 triu ng nm 2008 v t 13,1 triu ng nm
2010 (bng khong 60% bnh qun c nc nm 2010).
Bng 5: Chuyn dch c cu kinh t ca Vng Ty Nguyn (2000 - 2010)
Ch tiu 2000 2005 2008 2010
Tng GDP (t ng, gi thc t) 12.656 25.072 57.023 68.114
Nng - Lm - Thy sn 6.785 13.233 32.275 34.868
Cng nghip v Xy dng 2.055 4.337 11.199 16.851
Thng mi - Dch v 3.816 7.502 13.549 16.395
C cu (%) 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
Nng - Lm - Thy sn 53,6 52,8 56,6 51,2
Cng nghip v Xy dng 16,2 17,3 19,6 24,7
Thng mi - Dch v 30,2 29,9 23,8 24,1
Ngun: QH pht trin kinh t - x hi Vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020. 2. Ti nguyn du lch vng Ty Nguyn 2.1. Ti nguyn du lch t nhin
Vng Ty Nguyn c mt s a im c kh hu n i, mt m quanh
nm, l iu kin t nhin l tng xy dng cc khu du lch ngh dng cao
cp nh Tuyn Lm, an Kia ( Lt - Lm ng), Mng en (Kon Tum).
Lt c xy dng tr thnh thnh ph ngh dng t nhng nm u th k
20. Hin nay, thnh ph Lt cn bo tn c nhiu bit th c kiu Php,
in hnh l Dinh Bo i, c gi tr cao v kin trc v cnh quan du lch. Mng
en - Kon Tum v ang c xy dng thnh mt khu du lch sinh thi ngh
15
dng cao cp mang tm c khu vc.
Ty Nguyn c thin nhin u i nhiu danh lam thng cnh ni ting,
ni, cao nguyn, sng sui, thc nc, h... v c h ng thc vt ht sc phong
ph, trong c nhiu khu bo tn thin nhin, vn quc gia... Nhng ti
nguyn c gi tr khai thc pht trin du lch bao gm: cnh quan dc cc sng
k Bla, Pa C, Serepok, Krng Ana, Krng N, ng Nai...; h thng cc h
ln v p nh Tuyn Lm, an Kia Sui Vng (Lm ng), H Lk (k Lk),
Bin H (Gia Lai), cc h thy in (Yaly, i Ninh...); h thng cc thc nc
nh Dray Sap, Trinh N, Diu Linh, Ph Cng, Lu Ly, Pongour, Cam Ly,
Pren... Tt c nhng cnh quan thin nhin y u c th khai thc tr thnh im
tham quan ht sc l tng.
Ty Nguyn cn c nhiu ngun sui nc nng, c sui nc nng n
55oC nh sui Ram Phia, sui Kon Nit tp trung Kon o, Ngc T (huyn
k T, Kon Tum), k Ring, Ngc Tem (huyn Kon Plng, Kon Tum);
Long (huyn am Rng, Lm ng)... y l nhng sui c cha rt nhiu
khong cht c tc dng cha bnh hiu qu.
+ Kom Tum c cc im du lch ni ting nh Sa Thy; khu di tch danh
thng Mng en, khu du lch k Tre huyn Kon Plng; sui nc nng k
T, thc k Lung; h Yaly; vn quc gia Ch Mom Ray, rng c dng k
Uy, khu bo tn thin nhin Ngc Linh, cnh quan o L Xo, khu vc bi
thin nhin k Tre
+ Gia Lai c nhiu sui h, ghnh thc, o v nhng cnh rng nguyn
sinh c cnh quan thin nhin mang m nt hoang s nguyn thy ca ni rng
Ty Nguyn nh vn quc gia Kon Ka Kinh; thc Xung Khoeng, thc Ph
Cng... Ngoi ra, cn c nhiu ti nguyn du lch hp dn nh h thy in
Yaly, Sui , Sui M, Ni Hm Rng, Bin H (h T Nng)
+ k Lk c nhiu tim nng v du lch sinh thi vi nhiu thc nc p
ni ting nh Thc Krng Kma, Thy Tin, Dray Nur; nhiu h ln vi din
tch 200 - 1.400ha nh h Lk, h Ea Nhai, h Ea Sp Bn cnh , cc vn
quc gia v cc khu bo tn thin nhin cng l th mnh ca k Lk nh vn
quc gia Yok n, Ch Yang Sin; cc khu bo tn thin nhin Nam Ka, Ea S
Ngoi ra, k Lk cn c nhiu cnh quan hp dn, nhiu nng trng c ph ni
ting c nc, thch hp cho pht trin du lch nng nghip nng thn.
+ k Nng c nhng danh lam thng cnh nh: H thng thc gm: thc
By Tng (thc Len Gun), thc Dray Sp, thc Gia Long, thc Trinh N, thc Ba
tng, thc Lu Ly, thc k Glun, thc Ling Nung, thc C Tin; sui khong
k Mol; cc khu bo tn thin nhin Nam Nung, T ng; h thng h: H
Ty, H Trc, H Don Vn, H Ea Sno, H k RTih...
+ Lm ng vi trung tm du lch Lt - thnh ph ngn hoa vi nhiu
cnh quan, ni, h, thc, mt h thng bit th c phong ph hp dn. H thng
h ca Lm ng nh an Kia Sui Vng, h Tuyn Lm, h Xun Hng, h
16
Than Th, h i Ninh l nhng im ti nguyn c sc c th khai thc xy
dng cc sn phm du lch tham quan, ngh dng h. H thng cnh quan nh
nh Lang Biang; cc rng thng cnh quan; cc thc nc (am B'ri, Cam Ly,
Prenn, Pongour); cc VQG (Bidoup - Ni B, Ct Lc - Ct Tin) v cc khu
bo tn t nhin (Maagui...) l nhng ti nguyn du lch t nhin c s hp dn
c o i vi khch du lch. 2.2. Ti nguyn du lch nhn vn 2.2.1. Cc di tch lch s vn ha, cch mng: Vng Ty Nguyn cn lu gi c nhiu di tch lch s vn ha v cch mng, trong c nhiu di tch c
xp hng quc gia. y l nhng ti nguyn du lch c gi tr khai thc phc
v pht trin du lch, v c ng o du khch quan tm v tm hiu.
Kon Tum c nhiu di tch lch s xp hng quc gia nh di tch lch s
Ngc Kon Tum, Ngc k Glei, di tch lch s danh thng Mng en, di tch lch
s chin thng k T - Tn Cnh, di tch chin thng Plei Kn
Gia Lai c cc di tch lch s vn ha cp quc gia nh: Ty Sn Thng
o, Nh lao Pleiku, Lng khng chin Stor, Chin thng ng 7 sng B.
Ngoi ra cn c mt s im di tch nh chin a Plei Me lch s, bn A
Sanh...
k Lk c nhiu di tch lch s vn ha v cch mng c du khch
quan tm nh Nh y Bun Ma Thut, Bo tng Dn tc k Lk, hang k
Tur (huyn Krng Bng), n in Ca a, nh Lc Giao, Cha Sc T Khi
oan, Ta Gim mc k Lk, Thp Yang Prong (huyn Ea Sp)... k Nng gm c Di tch lch s a im lu nim NTrang Gh, Cm di
tch lch s NTrang Lng, Di tch lch s cch mng cn c khng chin B4 -
Lin tnh IV Nam Nung, Di tch lch s Ngc k Mil, Di tch lch s a im
bt u ng H Ch Minh Nam Ty Nguyn - Nam B
Lm ng cng c nhiu di tch vn ha lch s nh Dinh I, Dinh II, Dinh
III, khch sn Palace; cha Linh Sn, Linh Phong; Thin vin Trc Lm; nh th
Chnh ta, Cam Ly; khu m c ca dn tc M, khu di ch kho c Ct Tin 2.2.2. Np sng nng ry: Ty Nguyn l ni sinh sng ca 47 dn tc anh em,
trong c mt s dn tc bn a nh cc tc ngi: Bn, X ng, Gi Tring,
Bru, R mm, Mnng, M, Cho thuc nhm Mn - Khmer v cc tc ngi
Giarai, , Churu, Raglai thuc nhm Nam o. Ngi Kinh c mt Ty
Nguyn t th k 19, cng nhiu dn tc min ni pha Bc di c vo nh Ty,
Nng, Thi, Dao, Hmng, Bru - Vn Kiu lm cho mi quan h v giao lu vn
ha Ty Nguyn phong ph v a dng.
c trng ln nht quy nh nhng sc thi vn ha ca Ty Nguyn l
np sng nng ry, l np sng ch o, bao trm ton b cc tc ngi. Ton
b i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca cc dn tc Ty Nguyn t tn ngng,
17
phong tc, nghi l, i sng tnh cm ca con ngi cng gn b vi rng ni v
nng ry.
Cc dn tc Ty Nguyn c nhng nt tng ng v kh c trng v
quan nim v ng x gia th gii ngi sng v ngi cht t hnh thnh c
mt h thng tp tc, nghi l, sinh hot vn ha xung quanh th gii ngi cht -
to nn hin tng vn ha dn gian - sinh hot vn ha nh m. 2.2.3. L hi: Ty Nguyn l vng t c nhiu ng bo dn tc thiu s sinh sng, mi dn tc c nhng nt vn ha, phong tc, tp qun ring. Quy m t
chc v khng kh ca l hi dn gian, l hi vn ha Ty Nguyn rt honh
trng v si ng, ph bin nht l l m tru, l cng la mi, l hi cng
ching... tr thnh mt sn phm du lch vn ha y sc hp dn i vi du
khch trong v ngoi nc.
- L hi l sinh hot tn ngng nh du cho nhng hot ng sn xut
nng ry t khi gieo trng cho n khi mang la v kho. Trong cc nghi l gn
cht vi sn xut nng nghip, nghi thc hin sinh l khng th thiu c. L
hi m tru l l hi c trng ca cc dn tc Ty Nguyn.
- L hi mng nm mi t chc hng nm vo thng 12 sau khi thu hoch
la nng l dp ng bo n mng v ma. y l l hi mang m nt vn ha
cng ng ca cc dn tc Ty Nguyn.
- L B M: Cc dn tc Ty Nguyn t chc L B M cho ngi cht
sau t 1 - 3 nm. L B M din ra t thng 1 n thng 3 hng nm, sau khi thu
hoch v ma xong, thi tit mt m, hoa rng n r.
- L hi ua Voi: din ra vo ma xun, l sinh hot vn ha c trng ca
Ty Nguyn, thng c t chc ti Bun n v bn dng sng Serepok,
nhm nu cao tinh thn qut cng ca cc dn tc cng nh kh nng thun
phc v nui dng loi voi.
- L hi Cng ching Ty Nguyn: Cng ching Ty Nguyn gn b vi
cuc sng ngi dn Ty Nguyn t ngn i nay, l bng chng c o, l nt
c trng ca truyn thng vn ha cc dn tc Ty Nguyn. Cng ching l
nhc c nghi l, cc loi nhc cng ching trc ht p ng cho yu cu ca mi
l thc. Mi dn tc Ty Nguyn c cch t chc cng ching khc nhau, c t
nht 3 phong cch m nhc cng ching Ty Nguyn. Cng ching nhp iu
phc tp, tc nhanh, cng ln; cng ching Mnng cng khng ln
d tc kh nhanh; cng ching Ba Na - Giarai thin v tnh cht ch iu, b
trm ca cng vang ln m sc vng chi, honh trng.
Khng gian Vn ha Cng ching Ty Nguyn c UNESCO cng
nhn l kit tc truyn khu v l di sn vn ha phi vt th ca nhn loi.
- L Cm Mi: Khi cy Hlng u bun, cy -tp gia lng ra n, n
hoa, chnh l lc bun lng t chc L Cm Mi. L hi c t chc ti nh
ring hoc nh Rng sau v thu hoch ca ng bo Ba Na Gia Lai v Kon
18
Tum. L c t chc t n thn la v l hi mng ma thu hoch mi, cu mong cho rung nng ngy cng nhiu thc la. Dn lng cng thn la bng
heo hoc g trc khi s dng la n hoc mang i biu. L Cm Mi c t
chc n gin v khng tn km. 2.2.4. Vn ha kin trc: Ni n Ty Nguyn, Nh Rng, Nh Di l biu tng
vn ha cng ng cc dn tc Ty Nguyn, l ni sinh hot tn gio, tn
ngng ni th hin cc l hi tm linh, ni cc th h ngh nhn gi truyn
t li cho cc th h tr cc gi tr vn ha truyn thng; ni lu gi cc hin vt
truyn thng: cng, ching, trng, v kh, u cc con vt hin sinh trong cc
ngy l Bn cnh gi tr vt cht, nh Rng l ni n cha cc vn ha tm linh
rt bn vng ca cc dn tc Ty Nguyn. V vy, nh Rng Ty Nguyn va c
gi tr vn ha vt th va c gi tr vn ha phi vt th.
Nh Rng l di sn kin trc tiu biu, gn vi c tr lu i ca cc dn
tc Ty Nguyn, vi kin trc a dng, kiu dng hp dn, hnh thc trang tr c
sc, l tri tim ca bun, lng Ty Nguyn, l mt thit ch vn ha tiu biu,
c o khng pha trn ca cc dn tc Ty Nguyn.
Ngi Ty Nguyn c mt nn ngh thut to hnh v kin trc mang sc
thi c o. Bc Ty Nguyn l nhng ngi Nh Rng dng mi cao vt hnh
li ru; Trung v Nam Ty Nguyn c trng bi cc Nh Di sinh sng bi
nhiu gia nh v mt phn dnh cho sinh hot cng ng.
Kin trc c ca cc cng trnh, dinh th l mt kho tng c sc mang vn
ha Chu u ch yu l phong cch nc Php. Lt l th du lch c hn
700 bit th vi nhiu cng trnh ni ting nh: Dinh th s 1, s 2, s 3
Lt c 2 cng trnh c xp hng kin trc quc gia l ga xe la Lt v
trng Cao ng S phm Lt.
Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu cc vn ha kin trc khc nh thp Chm Yang
Prong (ngi thp Chm duy nht trn t Ty Nguyn huyn Ea Sp - k
Lk), Bit in Bo i, nh Lc Giao, cha Sc t Khi oan, nh y Bun
Ma Thut, Nh th g Kon Tum, Cu treo Kon Klor gn vi Lng Vn ha Kon
Klor (Kon Tum), ngi nh sn c trn 120 tui ca tc trng Mnng, khu m
c ca vua sn voi Bn n (k Lk), v nhiu cha, nh th c kin trc c
o khc 2.2.5. Vn ha dn gian: Ty Nguyn l vng vn ha dn gian phong ph v c o, l mt trong 7 vng vn ha ln ca nc ta. Ty Nguyn l vng t
gp g ca nhiu lung dn c, ni giao lu vn ha ca nhiu tc ngi, v vy
vn ha Ty Nguyn c nhiu mu sc.
S thi Ty Nguyn l mt dng t s dn gian, gn vi c th Ty
Nguyn v mi trng t nhin, truyn thng dn tc bn a, trnh pht trin
kinh t - x hi v cc c trng vn ha, to nn s thng nht th loi: di
tc phm, phng thc din xng, hnh thc truyn ming, ni dung v c
trng ngh thut. c trng ca s thi l tnh k v, thn k, phng i y cht
19
thi hng. Chnh v vy, s thi Ty Nguyn c ph bin rng khp v lu truyn
lu di qua cc th h, mang tnh cng ng v nhn vn su sc. Khng gian vn
ha truyn thng Ty Nguyn lm phong ph thm gi tr vn ha cc dn tc
Vit Nam v l yu t quan trng cho du lch Ty Nguyn pht trin.
Ngoi cc l hi vn ha dn gian ca cc dn tc Ty Nguyn, cc tnh
cn t chc nhiu l hi vn ha, festival
- Festival Hoa Lt c t chc hai nm mt ln (t nm 2005).
Festival Hoa gm trin lm hoa, hi tho hoa, hi ch hoa vi cc hot ng gii
thiu cc loi hoa trong nc v quc t. Cng vi l cc hot ng hi ch
thng mi, biu din ngh thut, m hi ru vang Lt, chinh phc nh
Lang Biang Nm 2009, Lt c Chnh ph cng nhn l thnh ph
Festival Hoa.
- L hi ngnh thu c t chc vo ngy 12/06 m lch vi tt c cc
ngh nhn ngnh thu ca c nc v Lt gi t ngnh thu. L hi ny l
mt sinh hot vn ha c sc ca ngnh thu ang pht trin mnh y.
- L hi vn ha Tr c t chc ti Bo Lc vo nm 2006; thu ht s
tham gia ca 50 thng hiu Tr ca c nc, mang du n p v su m v
mt th gii Tr Vit. Tr l mt sn vt ni ting ca cao nguyn Blao v ngy
nay ang c xut khu i nhiu nc trn th gii.
- L hi C ph Bun Ma Thut do UBND tnh k Lk v Hip hi C
ph Vit Nam t chc hai nm mt ln, nhm tn vinh ngnh sn xut c ph,
vinh danh nhng doanh nghip c ph ni ting, ng thi tm kim c hi u
t, tiu th cho thng hiu c ph v cng l dp thu ht khch du lch t cc ni
v tham d. 2.3. nh gi chung v ti nguyn du lch Vng Ty Nguyn 2.3.1. Nhng li th so snh
- Vng Ty Nguyn c v tr chin lc quan trng v kinh t, chnh tr,
quc phng an ninh i vi c nc v khu vc ng Dng. Nm khu vc
ng ba bin gii Vit Nam - Lo - Campuchia, tip gip vi cc vng Bc Trung
B, Duyn hi Nam Trung B v ng Nam B, Vng Ty Nguyn c iu kin
thun li m rng giao lu pht trin kinh t, c bit l du lch vi nhiu
vng trong c nc v quc t.
- Vng Ty Nguyn c nn a hnh kh a dng, t vng ni cao n cc
cao nguyn rng ln v cc thung lng vi nhng cnh ng tr ph... Vi c
im a hnh ny to cho Ty Nguyn c nhiu cnh quan hp dn, nhiu thc
ghnh him tr, nhiu cnh rng nguyn sinh vi gi tr a dng sinh hc cao...
y l nhng ti nguyn c bit qu gi v khc bit pht trin cc sn phm
du lch c th.
20
- L vng ni cao, Ty Nguyn c kh hu trong lnh, mt m quanh nm
(kh hu n i trong lng nhit i). Ngoi ra, Ty Nguyn cn c mt h thng
h trn ni cao, nm gia nhng cnh rng hoang s. y l li th khc bit so
vi cc vng khc xy dng cc khu du lch sinh thi ngh dng ni v h
trn ni cao cp.
- Ty Nguyn l ni c tr ca 47 dn tc anh em, mi dn tc c nhng
gi tr di sn vn ha khc nhau to thnh mt kho tng vn ha c sc nht
trong c nc. l Khng gian Vn ha Cng ching Ty Nguyn - kit tc v l di sn vn ha phi vt th ca nhn loi; cc gi tr kin trc truyn thng
c o nh Nh Rng, Nh Di, Nh M; cc l hi truyn thng c o (l
hi ua Voi, l hi Cng Ching, l hi Cm Mi, L B M); cc gi tr vn
ha dn gian, cc s thi truyn ming, cc loi nhc c dn tc c o y
thc s l nhng gi tr ti nguyn c bit ca Ty Nguyn, l s khc bit so
vi cc vng khc khai thc xy dng cc sn phm du lch mang thng hiu
Ty Nguyn.
- Vi v tr c bit quan trng v mt qun s, nn trong cc cuc khng
chin, Ty Nguyn c la chn l a bn chin lc, l ni bt u ca cuc
Tng tin cng gii phng Min Nam nm 1975, do vy trn a bn Ty
Nguyn cn lu gi nhiu di tch lch s cch mng gn lin vi truyn thng u
tranh gi nc ca dn tc (Ngc Kon Tum, Chin thng k T - Tn Cnh...).
y l nhng gi tr ti nguyn khc bit khai thc xy dng cc sn phm du
lch gn vi truyn thng yu nc, vi tinh thn cch mng qu cm ca cc th
h cha ng 2.3.2. Nhng hn ch
- V tr xa cc trung tm du lch ln ca c nc, xa cc th trng du lch
trng im (TP.H Ch Minh, H Ni, Hu, Nng...) nn tnh hp dn khch
du lch b hn ch v ng x kh khn. - a hnh a dng, phc tp, nhiu o ni, thc ghnh him tr... nn vic
i li rt kh khn v nguy him, c bit l vo ma ma, gy tr ngi khng
nh n cc hot ng du lch.
- H thng sng ngi ngn v dc, kh hu chia thnh 2 ma r rt (ma
ma v ma kh), nn lu lng cc dng chy khng n nh (ma kh gy
thiu ngun nc, ma ma d gy l lt, trt l t...). c im bt li ny
gy kh khn cho cc hot ng du lch.
- iu kin kinh t - x hi cn kh khn, cha pht trin; i sng vt
cht v tinh thn ca ngi dn cn thp..., nh hng n nhu cu i du lch.
- L mt vng c nhiu dn tc sinh sng, truyn thng canh tc, di dn t
do, du canh du c, trnh dn tr thp l tp tc lu i, kh thay i..., nn
nh hng rt ln n vic bo v ti nguyn v mi trng ni chung v ti
21
nguyn - mi trng du lch ni ring. Chnh tp tc du canh du c, ph rng lm
ry..., nn nhiu gi tr ti nguyn rng, cc h sinh thi, mi trng ang b suy
thoi v tn ph nghim trng vi tc nhanh (hin nay trung bnh mi ngy
Ty Nguyn mt i 101 ha rng t nhin, vi tc ny ch 5 nm na Ty
Nguyn s mt rng); t ai b thoi ha, gy xi mn, l lt v ang tc
ng tiu cc n pht trin du lch. y l mt hn ch rt ln, nh hng n
pht trin kinh t - x hi v du lch trn a bn Ty Nguyn. - Vic pht trin cc ngnh kinh t, c bit l pht trin h thng thy in
lm nh hng nghim trng n cc dng chy, n cnh quan cc thc nc.
Ngoi ra, vic khai thc qung b xt cng v ang lm cho mi trng sinh
thi t nhin b suy gim nghim trng... y l nhng yu t bt li cho pht
trin du lch Ty Nguyn. - Do nhu cu mu sinh, nn mt s gi tr Vn ha Ty Nguyn ang c
hin tng b mai mt, v b nh hng mt s vn ha khc lm bin th. Mt
s l hi thun ty ca Ty Nguyn b thng mi ha phc v ti mt s im
du lch. Vn ha phi vt th nh di sn vn ha cng ching c nguy c mai mt
do nhiu bun lng khng cn nghi l truyn thng. - Tnh hnh an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi trn a bn Ty
Nguyn c bn n nh, nhng cha tht s vng chc, nh hng khng nh
n hot ng du lch ni chung v thu ht u t pht trin du lch trn a bn
ni ring. 3. H thng kt cu h tng phc v pht trin du lch
3.1. Mng li giao thng
3.1.1. Giao thng ng b
- Quc l 14: y l mt on ca ng H Ch Minh, qua 4 tnh Kon
Tum, Gia Lai, k Lk, k Nng, di 545,5 km, t tiu chun ng cp III
min ni. Mt s on i trong thnh ph Kon Tum, thnh ph Pleiku, thnh ph
Bun Ma Thut t tiu chun ng cp II, vi 4 ln xe.
- Quc l 19: Xut pht t Quy Nhn i Pleiku - ca khu L Thanh ri
qua Campuchia. on qua tnh Gia Lai di 180 km, trong c 18 km i trn
quc l 14. Tuyn ng t tiu chun ng cp III, IV min ni, mt b tng
nha. D n nng cp quc l 19 thnh ng cao tc ang c trin khai.
- Quc l 20: Xut pht t Du Giy i Lt. on qua tnh Lm ng
di 210,4 km. Tiu chun ng cp III, IV min ni, mt b tng nha. on t
cng hng khng Lin Khng n chn o Prenn c u t nng cp
thnh ng cao tc rng 45m, di 19,2km vi 4 ln xe. D n u t nng cp
quc l 20 thnh ng cao tc ang c trin khai.
22
- Quc l 24: T quc l 1A (huyn M c - Qung Ngi) i Kon Tum.
Ton tuyn di 169km, on qua tnh Kon Tum di 99 km, t tiu chun ng
cp IV min ni.
- Quc l 25: T Tuy Ha i Ch S, on qua tnh Gia Lai di 111 km.
Quc l 25 t tiu chun ng cp III - V min ni, mt lng nha 53 km, cp
phi 20 km v t 38 km.
- Quc l 26: Xut pht t Ninh Ha (Khnh Ha) i Bun Ma Thut (k
Lk). Tng chiu di ton tuyn 151 km, chiu rng t 5m - 7m; s cu trn
ng 48, ti trng 25 tn, t tiu chun ng cp III min ni v ng bng;
on qua tnh k Lk di 119 km.
- Quc l 27: L tuyn quc l theo hng ng - Ty, kt ni cc tnh
Ninh Thun (ti Phan Rang), Lm ng (ti c Trng) v k Lk (ti Bun
Ma Thut). Tng chiu di ca quc l 27 gn 300km, on t Phan Rang i c
Trng di khong 120km, on t c Trng i Bun Ma Thut di khong
170km. on qua tnh k Lk di 84 km, qua Lm ng di 122,5 km, t tiu
chun ng cp III, IV, V min ni, mt b tng nha.
- Quc l 28: Ni vng Nam Trung B (ti Phan Thit - Bnh Thun) vi
Ty Nguyn (ti Di Linh - Lm ng) v kt thc ti Gia Ngha (k Nng).
Ton tuyn di 197km; trong on Phan Thit - Di Linh di 98 km, ch c 1
ln ng kh nh hp, ng dc quanh co, nhiu cua gt; on Di Linh - Gia
Ngha di 99 km, tiu chun ng cp V, VI, ng lng nha. - Quc l 29: L tuyn giao thng ni khu vc Trung Ty Nguyn (ti k
Lk) vi khu vc Nam Trung B (ti Ph Yn). V c bn, t tiu chun ng
cp IV min ni, gm 2 ln xe, rng 5,4m mt ng v 7,5m nn ng. Ton
tuyn di 182,5 km, on qua a phn Ph Yn di 109 km, on trn a phn
k Lk di 73,5 km. 3.1.2. Giao thng hng khng: C vng hin nay c 3 cng hng khng ang c khai thc s dng. Tuy nhin, mc v nng lc vn chuyn cn hn ch,
ch c cng hng khng Lin Khng l cng hng khng quc t, nhng tn sut
v kh nng khai thc cn hn ch. Cc cng khc nh Bun Ma Thut, Pleiku
ch l cng hng khng ni a.
+ Cng hng khng Quc t Lin Khng c din tch khong 330ha, c
mt ng h ct cnh di 3.250m, rng 45m; mt ng ln song song di
2.404m, rng 37m; mt ng ln di 94m, rng 19m; sn u my bay c din
tch 23.100 m2 vi 5 v tr u cho my bay ATR 72 v Fokker 70; sn t c
din tch 1.478 m2; nh ga hnh khch c din tch sn 12.400 m
2.
Sau khi c u t ci to m rng, nng cp ng h ct cnh, ng
ln, sn my bay, cng hng khng Lin Khng c kh nng khai thc
c cc loi my bay dn dng tm trung nh Boeing 767, A320, A321 v
tng ng, v t tiu chun cp 4C (tiu chun ca ICAO) v sn bay qun s
23
cp 2. Hin nay, Cng hng khng Lin Khng c th tip nhn cc chuyn bay
quc t vi kh nng phc v 1,5 - 2,0 triu lt khch/nm. Cc tuyn bay ang
khai thc cng hng khng Lin Khng gm:
- Air Mekong: Lt - H Ni, Lt - TP.H Ch Minh v ngc li
- Vietnam Airlines: Lt - Nng, Lt - H Ni, Lt - TP.H
Ch Minh v ngc li
- Lt - Cn Th - Lt (d kin)
- Lt - Singapore, Lo, Campuchia, Hn Quc (d kin)
+ Cng hng khng Bun Ma Thut l sn bay cp 3 vi din tch t s
dng khong 256 ha; cch trung tm TP.Bun Ma Thut 7 km v pha ng
Nam, l u mi giao thng c ngha quan trng i vi s pht trin kinh t -
vn ha - du lch ca tnh k Lk ni ring cng nh ton vng Ty Nguyn ni
chung.
Nm 2010, Nh ga hnh khch Cng Bun Ma Thut c u t xy
dng mi (tng u t 221 t ng) vi tng din tch sn 7.175 m2, cng sut 1
triu hnh khch/nm, p ng 4 chuyn bay gi cao im vi loi my bay
A321 v cc cng trnh ph tr nh trm cp in, cp nc, thng tin lin lc,
x l nc thi, sn t v t cp 4C theo tiu chun ca ICAO. n nm
2015 nng lc phc v 300.000 lt hnh khch/nm; nm 2025 t 1.000.000
lt hnh khch/nm, lng khch gi cao im: 420 hnh khch/gi cao im.
Hin nay, mi ngy c 4 chuyn bay thng nht t Bun Ma Thut -
TP.H Ch Minh (v ngc li); 2 chuyn Bun Ma Thut - H Ni (v ngc
li); 1 chuyn Bun Ma Thut - Nng (v ngc li); 1 chuyn Bun Ma
Thut - Vinh (v ngc li); 1 chuyn Bun Ma Thut - Ph Quc (v ngc
li); 1 chuyn Bun Ma Thut - Cn o (v ngc li). Ring cui tun vo cc
ngy th su v th by c 5 chuyn t TP.H Ch Minh - Bun Ma Thut v
ngc li.
+ Cng hng khng Pleiku, nm cch TP.Pleiku khong 5km, y l mt
trong nhng ca ng hng khng ca cao nguyn min Trung, ni Ty Nguyn
v cc thnh ph ln ca Vit Nam l TP.H Ch Minh, H Ni, Nng.
Cng hng khng Pleiku c din tch s dng t l 247ha, vi mt ng
bng di 1.830m, cng vi h thng sn u v nh ga hnh khch ang c u
t xy dng mi nhm p ng nhu cu pht trin giao thng hng khng khu
vc ny. Theo phng n quy hoch c duyt, Cng hng khng Pleiku c nh
ga 2 cao trnh, din tch quy hoch 5.000 - 7.000m, cng sut t 300 - 450 hnh
khch/gi cao im; nh iu hnh p ng khong 80 ngi lm vic, din tch
sn 1.000 - 2.000m; ko di ng ct cnh, h cnh hin hu thm 453,6m, t
chiu di 3.000m; m rng thm 8,4m v c hai bn, t chiu rng 45m; sn
m bo khai thc cho 4 my bay A321 hoc tng ng t cp 4C theo
tiu chun ICAO.
24
Hin nay, cng hng khng Pleiku ang khai thc cc tuyn bay ni a t
Pleiku i TP.H Ch Minh, H Ni, Nng, Vinh v ngc li thng qua cc
hng hng khng Air Mekong v Vietnam Airlines. 3.1.3. Giao thng ng thy: c im a hnh ca vng Ty Nguyn c cao trung bnh khong 500m so vi mc nc bin, nn cc sng sui y
thng ngn v c dc ln, nc chy xit v ma ma v kh kit v ma
kh. Do c im ny m loi hnh giao thng ng sng Ty Nguyn khai
thc vn ti cn b hn ch, ch c vn ti nh l k Lk v Lm ng, kh
khai thc pht trin du lch.
3.2. H thng cung cp in 3.2.1. Ngun in: Tnh n 2008, trn a bn vng Ty Nguyn xy dng v
vn hnh cc nh my thy in Yaly, S San 3, S San 3A (Gia Lai, Kon Tum),
Plei Krng (Kon Tum), Bun Kup (k Lk - k Nng), v khong gn 40
nh my thy in va v nh vi tng cng sut trn 3.100 MW. Sn lng in
hng nm ngoi vic p ng nhu cu trong Vng cn cung cp mt lng ng
k cho li in quc gia thng qua ng dy v trm truyn ti 500KV v
220KV.
Bng 6: Hin trng cc nh my in trn a bn vng Ty Nguyn
S
TT Tn nh my
Nm
vn hnh
Quy m (t
my x MW)
Cng sut
(MW) Tnh
1 Yaly 2000 4 x 180 720 Gia Lai, Kon Tum
2 S San 3 2006 2 x 130 260 Gia Lai, Kon Tum
3 S San 3A 2006 2 x 54 108 Gia Lai, Kon Tum
4 Bun Kup 2009 2 x 140 280 k Lk
5 PleiKrong 2009 2 x 50 100 Kon Tum
6 Bun Tua Srah 2009 2 x 43 86 k Nng
7 S San 4 2009 3 x 120 360 Gia Lai
8 S San 4A 2010 1 x 63 63 Gia Lai
9 ng Nai 3 2010 2 x 90 180 Lm ng
10 Srepok 3 2010 2 x 110 220 k Lk
11 Srepok 4 2010 2 x 40 80 k Lk
12 An Kh 2010 2 x 80 160 Gia Lai
13 k R'Tih 2011 2 x 41+2 x 31 144 k Nng
14 ng Nai 4 2011 2 x 170 340 Lm ng
Tng s 3.101
Ngun: QH tng th pht trin KT-XH Vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020.
Ngoi ra, cung cp in cho cc tnh Vng Ty Nguyn cn c mt s nh
my thy in thuc cc tnh ph cn nh Vnh Sn (Bnh nh), a Nhim (Ninh
Thun), i Ninh (Bnh Thun), Thc M (Bnh Phc), Hm Thun (Bnh
Thun) vi tng cng sut 681MW. in pht ca cc nh my ny ch yu pht
25
ln mng li 220 KV quc gia, v cp in cho mt s ph ti thuc tnh Gia
Lai, Lm ng v k Nng thng qua li 110 KV. 3.2.2. Li in: H thng li in cao th ca vng Ty Nguyn bao gm 3 cp in p 500KV, 220KV v 110KV.
+ Li in 500kV: Tnh n 2008, Ty Nguyn c 2 trm bin p 500KV: trm 500KV Pleiku v trm 500KV Di Linh vi tng dung lng l 900 MVA v
c 1.090km ng dy 500KV. Trong nm 2010, a vo vn hnh trm 500KV
k Nng, lp trc 1 my cng sut 450MVA. H thng ng dy dn nh
sau:
- ng dy Pleiku - Nng mch n, vn hnh t nm 1994, dy
4ACSR-330, di 259km.
- ng dy Pleiku - Ph Lm (TP.H Ch Minh) mch n, vn hnh t
nm 1994 dy dn 4ACKP-330, di 496km.
- ng dy Pleiku - Dc Si - Nng, mch n, vn hnh t thng
11/2004 dy dn 4ACSR-330 di 295km.
- ng dy Pleiku - Di Linh (Lm ng) mch n, vn hnh t nm
2007, dy dn 4ACSR-330 di 312,5km.
- ng dy Di Linh - Tn nh mch n, dy dn 4 x ACSR330, di
183,1km.
+ Li in 220KV: Trn a bn Vng Ty Nguyn hin c 4 trm
220KV vi tng dung lng 464 MVA, gm: trm Pleiku, trm Krng Buk, trm
Bo Lc v trm Bun Kup. Sp ti, trm 220KV k Nng s u ni vi thy
in ng Nai 3, ng Nai 4; cc trm 220KV Tn Rai v n Dng cng s
c a vo vn hnh.
+ Li in 110KV: Vng Ty Nguyn hin c 19 trm 110KV vi tng dung lng 654 MVA, trong Gia Lai c 5 trm (Bin H, Din Hng, Ch S,
Ayun Pa v An Kh); Lm ng c 6 trm (Bo Lc, c Trng, Lt 1,
Lt 2, Di Linh v n Dng); Kon Tum c 2 trm (k T v Kon Tum); k
Lk c 3 trm (Eakar, Krng Buk, Ha Bnh); k Nng c 3 trm (C Jt, k
Nng, k Rlp). 3.3. H thng cp nc sch
Tnh hnh cp nc Ty Nguyn c ci thin ng k c v s
lng v cht lng nc. Cc d n cp nc c u t ch yu bng ngun
vn ngn sch v ngun ODA. n nay tt c cc thnh ph, th x v mt s th
trn trn a bn vng xy dng cc nh my nc.
- Tnh Kon Tum, h thng cp nc TP.Kon Tum c ci to v m
rng ln cng sut 12.000m3/ngy m. Cc cng trnh cp nc ti th trn cc
huyn k Glei, Ngc Hi, k H, Sa Thy v Kon Plong thuc tiu d n cp
nc sinh hot nng thn hon thnh a vo khai thc s dng.
- Tnh Gia Lai: Cc nh my nc Pleiku cng sut 15.000m3/ngy m,
An Kh cng sut 5.000m3/ngy m, Chpah cng sut 2.000m
3/ngy m.
26
- Tnh k Lk: Hin nay, c 7 h thng cp nc sch phc v cho
nhu cu sn xut v i sng ca ngi dn, trong Nh my nc Bun Ma
Thut cng sut 49.000m3/ngy m; nh my nc Qung Ph, nh my nc
Bun H cng sut 4.200m3/ngy m v cc th trn Krng Pk, Krng Ana,
M'rk, Ea Sup, Ea Kar c nh my nc vi cng sut 300-1.000m3/ngy m.
- Tnh k Nng: nh my nc Gia Ngha c cng sut 12.000m
3/ngy
m; nh my nc k Mil cng sut 5.000m3/ngy m; h thng cung cp
nc cho th trn k Song quy m nh, cng sut t 450m3/ngy m.
- Tnh Lm ng: Thnh ph Lt c cp nc t nh my Sui
Vng, cng sut 25.000m3/ngy m v nh my an Kia 2 cng sut
6.000m3/ngy m; thnh ph Bo Lc c cp nc t nh my nc Bo Lc,
cng sut 6.000m3/ngy m; huyn Lm H c cp nc t nh my nc
Lm H vi cng sut 6.000m3/ngy m; ti cc huyn Di Linh v c Trng
c cc nh my nc vi cng sut 2.500m3/ngy m.
3.4. Bu chnh - Vin thng
3.4.1. Bu chnh: Nm 2008, ton vng c 154 bu cc, trong c 5 bu cc cp tnh, 49 bu cc cp huyn. Phn ln cc bu cc c xy dng kin c
khang trang v c m y cc dch v bu chnh; c khong 60% bu cc
cc cp cung cp dch v chuyn pht nhanh EMS trong nc, trn 33% bu cc
cung cp dch v chuyn tin nhanh. Cc bu cc, i l bu in a dch v tp
trung nhng a bn ng dn c c nhu cu s dng dch v bu chnh vin
thng, em li doanh thu cao.
Bng 7: Mt s ch tiu pht trin bu chnh cc tnh Ty Nguyn (2008)
Tn tnh
S im bu
in vn
ha x
S bu
cc
S i l bu
cc cp
phng x
S dn bnh qun
1 im phc v
(ngn ngi)
Bn knh bnh
qun 1 im
phc v (km)
C nc 8.024 2.791 9.420 4,26 2,28 Kon Tum 70 22 37 3,11 4,89 Gia Lai 162 40 139 3,49 3,81 k Lk 141 31 188 4,94 3,41 k Nng 41 13 151 2,10 3,18 Lm ng 110 48 175 3,62 3,06 Ton vng 524 154 690 3,66 3,57
Ngun: B Thng tin v Truyn thng. 3.4.2. Vin thng: H tng vin thng c bn theo kp v trnh cng ngh ca cc nc tin tin, p ng hu ht cc dch v theo nhu cu x hi. Mng truyn
dn cp quang n tt c cc tnh vi an ton cao do c ni theo cu hnh
mch vng.
Do c a hnh phc tp nn vin thng nng thn kt hp s dng c
ba phng thc: lp t in thoi c nh ko cp v dy thu bao ti nh thu
bao cc vng bng phng v tp trung, cn i vi vng su, vng xa v vng
27
ni kt hp hai phng thc s dng mng vin thng nng thn v tuyn v
thng tin v tinh. V vy, tnh n nay ton vng t t l 100% x c my
in thoi.
Trong vng c hu ht cc mng in thoi di ng ln nh Mobifone,
Vinaphone, Viettel... Tt c cc huyn, th x, thnh ph trong vng u c
trm thu pht sng.
Bng 8: Mt s ch tiu vin thng v Internet cc tnh Ty Nguyn (2008)
Tn tnh
Mt thu bao
c nh (thu
bao/100 dn)
Mt
in thoi
di ng
Mt in
thoi (c c nh
v di ng)
Mt thu bao
Internet bng rng
(thu bao/100 dn)
C nc 16,36 77,99 94,35 2,61
Kon Tum 12,26 35,71 47,97 1,38
Gia Lai 11,82 40,47 52,29 1,06
k Lk 14,62 80,63 95,25 1,13
k Nng 14,16 102,69 116,85 1,21
Lm ng 20,54 75,44 95,98 2,49
Ton vng 15,15 68,14 83,29 1,47
Ngun: B Thng tin v Truyn thng.
3.5. Thu gom v x l cht thi 3.5.1. Thot nc v x l nc thi: Hin nay mi c 2 th l TP. Lt v
TP.Bun Ma Thut c Chnh ph an Mch gip xy dng tng i hon
chnh h thng thu gom v x l nc thi v h thng thot nc ma. Nh my
x l nc thi ti TP.Bun Ma Thut c cng sut 8.000m3/ngy m theo cng
ngh h vi sinh, ca TP. Lt c cng sut 5.000m3/ngy m theo cng ngh
b lng. Cn li cc th khc, cc khu du lch, cc c s cng nghip trn a
bn vng cha c u t h thng nc thi v nc ma hon chnh. Hu ht
nc thi x ra sng, sui khng m bo tiu chun v sinh. S lng, t l cng
ngm thp v ch c xy dng tp trung ti cc trc giao thng chnh, quan
trng ca cc th. 3.5.2. Thu gom v x l cht thi rn: Qun l, x l cht thi rn ang l vn
cp bch ca cc a phng trong vng Ty Nguyn t nhiu nm qua do c s
h tng cho vic qun l, x l cht thi rn cha c u t ng mc.
Nhn chung rc thi c thu gom, a vo khu x l chn lp. Tuy
nhin, mt phn cht thi rn vn trc tip thi xung sng, sui, cc khu t
trng, gy mt m quan v nhim mi trng.
i vi rc thi y t, hu ht cc bnh vin a khoa tnh, mt s bnh vin
huyn, a khoa khu vc thc hin tiu hy rc thi bng cng ngh l t; cc
bnh vin cn li rc thi c x l ch yu bng phng php chn, t th
cng trong khun vin ca n v.
28
4. Cc ngun lc khc
4.1. Cng ngh thng tin
Hin nay, cc tnh vng Ty Nguyn u trang b c my tnh v thit
lp c cc mng LAN kt ni CPNet v Internet. Hu ht cc c quan, n
v u s dng phn mm ng dng nhng ch yu l phn mm k ton v qun
l nhn s. Trang thng tin in t ca cc tnh v cc S, Ban, Ngnh, cc
doanh nghip cng i vo hot ng. Ch ring tnh k Nng do c im c
s h tng kinh t ca tnh cn cha pht trin, vic u t cho ng dng cng
ngh thng tin cn gp nhiu kh khn.
4.2. Pht thanh, truyn hnh 4.2.1. Pht thanh: Hin nay, trn a bn Ty Nguyn, sng pht thanh ca i Ting ni Vit Nam ph 85% din tch a l vi hu ht trung tm cc huyn
l v th trn trong vng. Cc h sng pht thanh ca i bao gm 4 h pht
thanh l VOV1 - h tin tc; thi s tng hp; VOV2 - h thng tin, vn ha, x
hi; VOV3 - h thng tin, gii tr v VOV4 - h pht thanh ting dn tc.
Bng 9: T l ph sng pht thanh cc tnh vng Ty Nguyn
n v: %
S
TT
Tn i
PTTH tnh
T l ph sng (tnh theo s h/tnh theo din tch)
i PTTH
a phng
i Ting ni Vit Nam
VOV1 VOV2 VOV3 VOV4
C vng 80/85 80/90 92/90 80/85 50/85
1 Kon Tum 70/80 70/80 - 70/80 -
2 Gia Lai 80/80 85/90 - 70/70 -
3 k Lk 95/80 93/75 93/75 80/65 25/75
4 k Nng 100/100 90 90/90 90 90
5 Lm ng 80/85 90/90 90/95 95/95 85/85
Ngun: Quy hoch KT-XH Vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020.
Trong s 5 tnh trong vng, k Nng v k Lk l hai tnh c t l ph
sng pht thanh ca i Ting ni Vit Nam cao hn c, t l ph sng ca i
Ting ni Vit Nam ti 2 tnh ln lt l 100% v 93% v t l s h nghe i v
trn 75% v din tch. Ngc li, t l ph sng i Ting ni Vit Nam ti Kon
Tum thp nht, ch t 70% v dn s v khong 80% v din tch. T l ph
sng pht thanh chng trnh ting dn tc cng kh cao vi k Nng (90%),
Lm ng v k Lk u t 75 - 85% din tch c sng.
4.2.2. Truyn hnh: i vi vng Ty Nguyn, sng truyn hnh quc gia c
ph thng qua vic tip v pht li t cc i pht thanh truyn hnh cc tnh, i
truyn hnh quc gia t ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, Ph Yn v Nng. Bn
29
cnh phng php truyn dn sng mt t truyn thng vi cng ngh Analog
v tng ng, kt hp vi cng ngh k thut s (ch yu khu pht hnh),
mt s i Truyn hnh a phng a vo ng dng cng ngh truyn sng
mi (k thut s mt t - DTH), truyn hnh cp
4.3. Thng mi, dch v
Ti cc th ln trong Vng xut hin cc trung tm thng mi ln,
h thng siu th ( Lt, Bun Ma Thut, Pleiku, Kon Tum), mt mt p ng
nhu cu cho ngi dn a phng v mt khc p ng nhu cu mua sm cho
khch du lch. Cc a phng trong Vng ch trng xy dng cc trung tm
thng mi cp huyn, ch cm x, ca hng thng mi cc x khu vc II, III;
c bit l xy dng cc khu thng mi ng bin (B Y - Kon Tum) phc v
pht trin kinh t v giao lu thng mi
II. HIN TRNG PHT TRIN DU LCH VNG TY NGUYN
1. V tr, vai tr ca du lch Ty Nguyn i vi s pht trin du lch Vit
Nam v nn kinh t - x hi ca Vng
Chin lc pht trin du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020 v tm nhn n nm 2030 xc nh v tr, vai tr quan trng ca Vng Ty Nguyn i vi s pht trin du lch c nc. Nm v tr trung tm ca cc vng kinh t trng im
(vng ng Nam B, vng Duyn hi Nam Trung B, vng Bc Trung B), v
l ni tip gip vi cc nc trong khu vc (Lo v Campuchia) nn Ty Nguyn
l ni trung chuyn rt thun li trong giao lu kinh t, thng mi v du lch
gia hai min Nam - Bc v cc nc trong khu vc Ngoi ra, Ty Nguyn c
ti nguyn du lch rt a dng v phong ph y l nhng iu kin rt quan
trng Ty Nguyn pht trin, gp phn vo pht trin du lch ca c nc v
kinh t - x hi ca Vng.
i vi du lch c nc, v tr ca du lch Ty Nguyn cn rt khim tn.
Nm 2005, ch chim t l 1,51% khch quc t; 5,09% khch ni a; 4,2% tng
thu du lch; v 7% s phng khch sn ca c nc. n nm 2010, cc t l
tng ng trn l 1,63%; 4,24%; 3,9% v 7%.
i vi nn kinh t - x hi ca Vng: Trong c cu kinh t ca ton
Vng, nm 2000, ngnh du lch Ty Nguyn chim 3,3%; nm 2005 tng ln 5%;
v n nm 2010 l 5,8%.
2. Cc ch tiu pht trin du lch ch yu
2.1. Hin trng v khch du lch
2.1.1. Khch du lch quc t: Nm 2000, khu vc Ty Nguyn mi ch thu ht
c 81.376 lt khch du lch quc t, chim t trng 2,0% tng lt khch du
30
lch quc t i li trong c nc; n nm 2005 tng ln 129.130 lt khch, t l
gim xung ch cn 1,51% so vi c nc. Tng trng bnh qun t 9,7%/nm.
Giai on 2006 - 2011, khch quc t n Ty Nguyn tng trung bnh mi nm
16,1%; t 139.772 lt khch nm 2006 tng ln 235.850 lt khch nm 2010;
v t 356.045 lt khch nm 2011. Mc d vy, th phn khch quc t ca
vng Ty Nguyn vn chim t l thp nht trong tng lng khch quc t i li
gia cc a phng trn ton quc. Trong sut giai on t 2000 n nay, lng
khch quc t n khu vc vn ch chim t trng trn 2,2% tng lu lng
khch i li trn ton quc.
Lm ng, Gia Lai, Kon Tum l nhng a phng thu ht lng khch
quc t n ln nht ca Vng Ty Nguyn. Trong , Lm ng l a phng
gi vai tr ch o, trung tm du lch chnh ca ton vng, lng khch du lch
quc t n Lm ng chim n 80,27% tng lng khch quc t n ton
vng. iu ny hon ton ph hp vi thc t v vi Lt l trung tm du lch
quan trng ca c nc - Lm ng lun c xc nh l im n quen thuc
ca hu ht cc chng trnh du lch quc t cng nh trong nc (bng 10).
Bng 10: S lng khch quc t n cc tnh Ty Nguyn (2000 - 2011) n v: Lt khch
TT Tn tnh 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1 Kon Tum 1.292 4.055 8.305 19.703 32.051 45.000 54.000 70.815
2 Gia Lai 2.564 3.735 4.346 6.508 8.201 7.491 8.100 9.030
3 k Lk 6.520
14.540 19.521 18.888 22.069 25.000 50.000 70.000
4 k Nng 6.200 10.600 10.000 8.000 7.000 15.000 25.000
5 Lm ng 71.000 100.600 97.000 120.000 120.000 130.000 108.750 181.200
Tng s 81.376 129.130 139.772 175.099 190.321 214.419 235.850 356.045
Ngun: S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng.
2.1.2. Khch du lch ni a: Trong nhng nm gn y, tnh hnh kinh t - x hi
n nh, i sng nhn dn c ci thin dn tng bc nn khch du lch ni
a trong c nc ni chung v Vng Ty Nguyn ni ring ngy cng gia tng.
Khch du lch ni a c nhiu loi khc nhau, nhng ch yu vi mc ch tham
quan, ngh dng, l hi - tn ngng, nghin cu sinh thi... Tc tng trng
v khch du lch ni a giai on 2000 - 2010 t 14%/nm.
Khch du lch ni a n Ty Nguyn thng la chn ch yu Lm
ng, Gia Lai, k Lk... y l nhng a phng c ti nguyn du lch c
bit ni tri, hp dn khng ch vi du khch quc t m c du khch trong nc.
Cao nguyn Lt, khu du lch h Tuyn Lm, khu du lch VQG Yok n v
khu du lch Bun n, thc Trinh N, thc Dray Sp... l nhng im du lch thu
ht nhiu khch du lch ni a, nht l vo cc dp h (bng 11).
31
Bng 11: S lng khch ni a n cc tnh Ty Nguyn (2000 - 2011) n v: Lt khch
TT Tn tnh 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1 Kon Tum 15.265 27.786 33.831 40.303 46.147 53.000 61.500 79.160
2 Gia Lai 43.283 93.407 97.448 120.870 137.791 152.390 166.900 170.000
3 k Lk 137.765
188.609 188.881 221.769 229.813 275.000 255.500 283.000
4 k Nng 93.800 99.400 120.000 124.000 113.000 150.000 185.000
5 Lm ng 654.000 1.460.300 1.751.000 2.080.000 2.180.000 2.370.000 2.518.250 3.385.400
Tng s 850.313 1.863.902 2.170.560 2.582.942 2.717.751 2.963.390 3.152.150 4.102.560
Ngun: S Vn ha Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng.
2.2. Tng thu nhp du lch v gi tr gia tng GDP
Tng thu nhp du lch ca cc tnh Vng Ty Nguyn thi gian gn y
c tng ln r rt. Nm 2000 tng thu nhp t c 278,83 t ng th n
nm 2005 t 1.554 t; nm 2010 thu c 4.033 t ng v n nm cui
2011 mc thu tng ln 4.837 t ng. Tc tng trng bnh qun v thu nhp
du lch thi k 2000 - 2011 t 29,7%/nm.
So snh vi c nc, tng thu nhp du lch Vng Ty Nguyn trong thi
gian qua vn chim mt t l thp (trung bnh khong 4,3% tng thu du lch c
nc). Tuy nhin, Vng Ty Nguyn li c tc tng trng cao nht so vi
cc vng khc trong c nc (29,7%/nm). iu ny cho thy sc hp dn cng
nh trin vng pht trin du lch ca Vng Ty Nguyn.
Lm ng, k Lk l 2 a phng dn u khu vc v tng thu nhp du
lch. iu ny phn nh ng thc trng pht trin khi m lng khch du lch
n cc a phng ny lin tc tng u trong nhng nm qua. Tuy nhin, ng
ch l k Nng v Kon Tum mc d tng thu nhp du lch khng cao, nhng
c tc tng trng tng i cao (29,4%/nm v 28,5%/nm) trong nhng
nm tr li y (bng 12).
Bng 12: Tng thu nhp du lch cc tnh Ty Nguyn, giai on 2000 - 2011
n v: T ng S
TT Tn tnh 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Tng
(%)
1 Kon Tum 4,51 12,3 16,84 21,50 26,89 52,70 56,5 71,50 28,5
2 Gia Lai 34,88 43,4 59,18 78,32 93,93 114,17 135,0 150,03 14,2
3 k Lk 42,78 90,7 102,13 125,17 152,45 165,00 200,0 235,00 16,7
4 k Nng 0,00 3,0 4,50 7,60 12,00 12,50 42,0 17,00 29,4
5 Lm ng 196,65 1.405,0 1.663,00 3.000,00 3.220,00 3.400,00 3.600,0 4.400,00 32,6
Tng s 278,83 1.554,4 1.845,64 3.232,59 3.505,27 3.744,37 4.033,5 4.873,53 29,7
Ngun: S Vn ha Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng.
V c cu tng thu nhp du lch: T l tng thu t cc dch v l hnh - vn chuyn v vui chi gii tr tng nhanh (dch v l hnh - vn chuyn tng t
32
1,75% nm 2005 ln 6,85% nm 2011; t dch v vui chi gii tr tng t 3,5%
nm 2005 ln 9,77% nm 2011). Tuy nhin, dch v lu tr v n ung vn
chim t l ln, trn 40% tng thu nhp t cc hot ng du lch (bng 13).
Bng 13: C cu tng thu nhp t du lch Vng Ty Nguyn (2005 - 2011)
n v: T ng
Tng thu t du lch 2005 2010 2011
Tng s T l (%) Tng s T l (%) Tng s T l (%)
Tng cng 1.554,40 100,00 4.033,50 100,00 4.873,53 100,00
L hnh - vn chuyn 27,20 1,75 141,17 3,50 333,84 6,85
Cho thu phng 703,68 45,27 1,775,14 44,01 1,956,72 40,15
Vui chi gii tr 54,40 3,50 302,51 7,50 476,14 9,77
n ung - bn hng 547,30 35,21 1,284,27 31,84 1,487,89 30,53
Dch v khc 221,81 14,27 530,41 13,15 618,94 12,70
Ngun: Vin Nghin cu Pht trin Du lch.
V tng sn phm GDP du lch: Nm 2000 t 30,8 triu USD, chim 3,3% trong tng GDP ton Vng; n nm 2005 tng ln 67,6 triu USD, chim
5,8% trong c cu kinh t ton Vng. Tc tng trng trung bnh thi k 2001
- 2005 t 17%/nm (khi dch v tng 11,2%/nm). n nm 2010, GDP du lch
Vng t 140,5 triu USD, chim 6,8% trong c cu kinh t ton vng; tc
tng trung bnh thi k 2006 - 2010 l 15,8%/nm; khi dch v tng 10,8%/nm
(bng 14).
Bng 14: Tng sn phm GDP cc ngnh kinh t Ty Nguyn (2000 - 2010)
n v tnh: Triu USD
Ch tiu Nm
2000
Nm
2005
Nm
2008
Nm
2010
Tc tng trng
2001-2005 2006-2010
Tng GDP ton Vng 931,1 1.351,9 1.735,3 2.074,1 7,7% 8,9%
Nng - Lm - Thy sn 596,1 731,0 873,6 966,1 4,2% 5,7%
Cng nghip - Xy dng 119,4 254,9 382,2 497,1 16,4% 14,3%
Thng mi - Dch v 215,6 366,0 479,5 610,9 11,2% 10,8%
Trong Ngnh Du lch 30,8 67,6 92,0 120,3 17,0% 15,8%
T l GDP Du lch so
vi GDP ton Vng 3,3 5,0 5,3 5,8 - -
Ngun: QH pht trin kinh t - x hi Vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020.
2.3. C s vt cht k thut phc v du lch
2.3.1. Cc c s lu tr: Trong nhng nm gn y, cng vi s gia tng ng k
v khch du lch, h thng cc c s lu tr, n ung, vui chi gii tr trn a bn
Ty Nguyn cng pht trin nhanh. Tuy nhin, tc xy dng nhanh chng
(khng c quy hoch) ca cc c s lu tr du lch nht l h thng cc nh tr,
cc phng ngh dn d ti cc lng bn, phum sc... phc v cho loi hnh du lch
sinh thi nng tng s phng khch sn Lm ng, Gia Lai, k Lk... ln
33
cao, to ra s khng hong tha trong nhng ma vng khch v h thp cng
sut s dng phng trung bnh nm trn a bn.
Nm 2000 ton Vng mi c 474 c s lu tr vi tng s 5.905 phng,
th n nm 2005 c 687 c s lu tr vi 9.153 phng (chim 10,6% s c s
lu tr v 7,0% lng phng ca c nc); n nm 2011 s c s lu tr du lch
trn a bn c tng ln ng k vi 1.086 c s v 17.808 phng.
Bng 15: C s lu tr du lch cc tnh Vng Ty Nguyn (2000 - 2011)
n v: C s; Phng S
TT Tn tnh
2000 2005 2010 2011
CSLT Phng CSLT Phng CSLT Phng CSLT Phng
1 Kon Tum 3 87 20 360 43 800 51 979
2 Gia Lai 14 400 27 709 50 1.220 50 1.220
3 k Lk 15 401 50 1.069 115 2.336 148 2.843
4 k Nng 14 172 80 1.025 122 1.410
5 Lm ng 442 5,017 576 6.843 696 11.306 715 11.356
Ton vng 474 5.905 687 9.153 984 16.687 1.086 17.808
T l % so c nc 12,7 7,4 10,6 7,0 8,1 7,0 7,4 6,5
C nc 3.306 72.212 6.469 131.051 12.089 236.747 14.654 272.617
Ngun: S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng.
S phn b cc c s lu tr Ty Nguyn l khng ng u. Hu ht
cc khch sn u tp trung Lm ng (715 c s), k Lk (148 c s) v
gn y tnh k Nng ang trong qu trnh u t pht trin ngnh dch v du
lch nn tp trung ngun vn u t pht trin h thng c s lu tr du lch t
ch ch c 16 c s vi 152 phng (khi tch tnh nm 2004), n nay c 122
c s vi 1.410 phng lu tr (bng 15). Cng sut s dng phng trung bnh nm ca cc c s lu tr trn a bn
cc tnh Ty Nguyn (ngoi tr cc c s lu tr ca Lt - Lm ng t
cng sut trn 60%), nhn chung cn thp, ch khong t 30 - 40%.
Xp hng c s lu tr: Ton Vng Ty Nguyn mi c 140 c s lu tr c xp hng vi 4.638 phng (chim 12,9% s c s v 26,0% s phng).
Bng 16: Loi hng c s lu tr du lch Vng Ty Nguyn
n v: C s, Phng Hng
CSLT
Nm 2009 Nm 2010 Nm 2011
S CSLT S phng S CSLT S phng S CSLT S phng
1 sao 61 6,7% 1.431 9,1% 79 8,0% 1.601 9,6% 78 7,2% 1.567 8,8%
2 sao 48 5,3% 1.530 9,7% 46 4,7% 1.468 8,8% 42 3,9% 1.352 7,6%
3 sao 7 0,8% 411 2,6% 11 1,1% 732 4,4% 10 0,9% 680 3,8%
4 sao 8 0,9% 884 5,6% 8 0,8% 884 5,3% 9 0,8% 996 5,6%
5 sao 1 0,1% 43 0,3% 1 0,1% 43 0,3% 1 0,1% 43 0,2%
Tng s 908 100% 15.710 100% 984 100% 16.687 100% 1.086 100% 17.808 100%
Ngun: Vin Nghin cu Pht trin Du lch.
34
2.3.2. Cc c s vui chi gii tr: Cc khu du lch, cc khu vui chi gii tr hin
nay l khu yu km ca cc tnh Ty Nguyn ni ring v c nc ni chung.
V cc khu, im du lch ti Lm ng, hin nay ton tnh c 32 khu, im
tham quan du lch c u t v khai thc kinh doanh cng vi hn 60 im
tham quan min ph khc (cc danh thng t nhin, cc cng trnh kin trc, c
s tn gio, lng ngh, lng dn tc bn a, di ch kho c) phc v nhu cu
tham quan, gii tr cho khch du lch.
n du lch k Lk, k Nng du khch c th n vi cc khu rng
nguyn sinh vi s a dng v h sinh thi v a dng v loi Vn quc gia
Yok n, rng c dng Nam Ka, khu bo tn Nam Nung, T ng; nh Lc
Giao - ni ghi du n ca nn vn ha ngi Vit trn mnh t cao nguyn; Bit
in ca cu hong Bo i, di tch thp Chm Yang Prng, Nh y Bun
Ma Thut, hang k Tur, Bo tng Dn tc k Lk...
n Gia Lai, khch du lch c th n thm Khu Di tch Lch s Vn ha
Lng khng chin STor - qu hng Anh hng Np; khu du lch sinh thi v l
hi V ngun. Ti y, du khch c th tham gia vo cc hot ng d ngoi
cm tri, hp mt bn b, cu c th gin... Cc im du lch ny bc u p
ng nhu cu vui chi, ngh dng ca dn a phng v khch du lch vo cc
dp l Tt.
Cc a phng trong vng ang trin khai quy hoch chi tit cc khu,
im du lch trng im. D kin t nay n nm 2015 v 2020, khu vc Ty
Nguyn s tp trung u t cc khu du lch trng im: khu du lch sinh thi thc
Ph Cng v lng h Ayun H; khu du lch sinh thi lng h Yaly; khu du lch
Lm Vin Bin H; cn c cch mng Kon H Nng (tnh Gia Lai), khu du lch
H Than th, khu du lch thc Pren, u t pht trin cm du lch H Xun
Hng (tnh Lm ng), khu du lch Bun n (tnh k Lk), khu du lch rng
c dng k Uy, lng du lch vn ha sinh thi Kon Ke Tu, khu du lch lng Plei
Tum bn lng h Ya Ly, khu du lch vn ha lch s lng k Rng - Bn Hc -
Ng ba ng Dng; khu du lch vn ha dn tc X ng; khu vn ha dn tc
J Tring; lng vn ha k Rng (tnh Kon Tum).
2.4. Lao ng ngnh du lch
2.4.1. S lng: Tnh n nm 2005, ton Vng Ty Nguyn c 7.242 lao ng lm vic trc tip trong ngnh du lch, chim 2,64% tng s lao ng du lch ca
c nc, tng 1,73 ln so vi nm 2000. Tc tng trng trung bnh giai on
2000 - 2005 t 11,6%/nm (cao hn mc trung bnh 9,31% ca c nc).
Giai on 2006 - 2011, cng vi s pht trin chung ca ngnh, lc lao lao
ng trong ngnh du lch cng khng ngng tng ln. Nm 2011, vng Ty
Nguyn thu ht c 13.305 lao ng, tng trng trung bnh t 9,3%/nm.
35
Ngoi s lao ng trc tip, hot ng du lch cn to ra nhiu vic lm cho x
hi, gp phn tch cc vo n lc xa i, gim ngho nhiu a phng cn
nhiu kh khn khu vc ny.
Bng 17: Lao ng du lch cc tnh Vng Ty Nguyn (2005 - 2011)
n v: Ngi
S TT Tn tnh 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1 Kon Tum 685 755 840 862 896 1.215 1.297
2 Gia Lai 567 623 750 760 765 831 882
3 k Lc 920 1.100 1.200 1.500 1.738 1.968 2.000
4 k Nng 70 150 223 291 320 500 626
5 Lm ng 5.000 5.800 6.000 7.000 7.500 8.000 8.500
Tng s 7.242 8.428 9.013 10.413 11.219 12.514 13.305
Ngun: S Vn ha Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng.
4.2.2. Cht lng: Ngun nhn lc du lch cc tnh Vng Ty Nguyn c o to theo nhiu chuyn ngnh khc nhau, nhiu cp bc khc nhau. S lao
ng c trnh i hc v trn i hc cn chim t l thp, nhng c xu hng
gia tng trong nhng nm gn y, trong khi s lao ng cha qua o to
chim t l ln v ang c xu hng gim dn, iu cho thy cht lng ca
ngun nhn lc du lch trong Vng ang dn c tng ln. Nu nh, nm 2005
s lao ng c trnh o to cp i hc v trn i hc ca ton vng mi
chim 8,7% trong tng s th n nm 2011 tng ln 15,8%; s lao ng c
trnh o to Cao ng v Trung cp nm 2011 tng 9,4% so vi nm 2005; t
l lao ng cha qua o to nghip v du lch cn cao chim khong 58,1% nm
2005 v gim xung 41,3% nm 2011 (bng 18).
36
Bng 18: Hin trng trnh o to du lch ca cc tnh Ty Nguyn
(2005 - 2011)
(Bng ngang)
37
3. Thc trng v th trng v sn phm du lch Vng Ty Nguyn
3.1. Th trng khch du lch
3.1.1. Khch quc t: Th trng khch du lch quc t n Vng Ty Nguyn cng c nhng c im chung i vi cc th trng quc t ca c nc. Theo
s liu thng k ca cc S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng th
kt qu phn tch th trng cc nm 2005, 2010 v 2011 cho thy trong tng s
khch du lch quc t n vng Ty Nguyn th s khch Php nhiu hn c,
chim 22,24% (nm 2005 l 22,99%), tip sau l M 11,98% (nm 2005 l
9,0%), i Loan 10,51% (nm 2005 l 10,01%), Anh 6,0% (nm 2005 l 6,3%),
H Lan 4,76% (nm 2005 l 4,2%), ASEAN 8,38% (nm 2005 l 1,7%)...
Bng 19: Hin trng mt s th trng quc t n Vng Ty Nguyn n v: Lt khch
S
TT Th trng
2005 2010 2011
S khch T l % S khch T l % S khch T l %
1 Php 29.692 22,99 61.610 26,12 65.650 22,24
2 i Loan 12.920 10,01 30.849 13,08 31.020 10,51
3 M 11.620 9,00 27.320 11,58 35.380 11,98
4 Anh 8.150 6,31 20.758 8,80 17.720 6,00
5 H Lan 5.425 4,20 12.230 5,19 14.040 4,76
6 ASEAN 2.195 1,70 10.542 4,47 24.744 8,38
7 Nc khc 59.128 45,79 72.541 30,76 106.690 36,14
Tng s 129.130 100,00 235.850 100,00 295.244 100,00
Ngun: S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng.
Bng 20: Cc th trng khch quc t n cc tnh Ty Nguyn (nm 2011)
Tn tnh Th trng khch chnh Mc ch chuyn i (%)
Ngh
dng
Kt hp
cng vic
Thm
thn
Vn ha/mc
ch khc
Kon Tum Php, Trung Quc, c, Hn
Quc 2 5 10 83
Gia Lai Php, M, Thi Lan, Trung
Quc, Nht Bn, Hn Quc 55 25 8 12
k Lk Php, c, an Mch, Hn
Quc, Nht Bn 77 23 0 0
k Nng Php, Nht Bn, Trung Quc,
Malaysia 80 9 7 4
Lm ng M, c, Php, Hn Quc, Nht
Bn, i Loan, Trung Quc 65 20 10 5
Ngun: S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng.
Mc chi tiu trung bnh trong mt ngy ca mi khch du lch l khc nhau
gia cc tnh trong Vng. Nm 2010, khch du lch chi tiu nhiu nht Lm
ng, trung bnh mt ngy mi khch quc t chi tiu khong 2.050.000 ng
(tng ng 100USD); tip n l Gia Lai, trung bnh mt ngy mi khch
38
quc t chi tiu khong 1.640.000 ng (tng ng 80USD); k Lk l
910.000 ng (tng ng 44,4USD); Kon Tum v k Nng l 370.000
ng (tng ng 18USD). Tuy nhin, nu tnh trung bnh cho ton Vng th
nm 2010, trung bnh mi ngy mt khch du lch quc t chi tiu khong
1.865.000 ng (tng ng 91USD). Ngy lu tr trung bnh 3,1 ngy.
3.1.2. Khch du lch ni a: Khch du lch ni a n Ty Nguyn t khp mi
min t nc, vi nhiu loi khc nhau v ngh nghip, s thch, gii tnh, tui
tc, kh nng chi tiu, mc ch i du lch..., nhng ch yu l i theo cc hnh
thc du lch chnh sau:
- Du lch tham quan - ngh dng: pht trin mnh do ni y tp trung
nhiu danh lam thng cnh, di tch lch s c bit quan trng (VQG Yok Don,
h T Nng, Lt, Mng en, khu du lch Bun n...). Loi hnh du lch ny
ph hp vi mi la tui v c th din ra quanh nm.
- Du lch vn ha - l hi: Trong my nm gn y khch du lch vn ha -
l hi pht trin nhanh. i tng chnh ca loi hnh du lch ny l nhng ngi
ln tui, nhng ngi bun bn kinh doanh... Ma du lch vn ha - l hi
thng tp trung vo nhng thng sau Tt Nguyn n khi m khp ni din ra
cc l hi, ng thi vo thi gian ny thng trng bt bin ng nn cc nh
kinh doanh bun bn thng i n cha, l hi cu may, cu phc...
- Du lch th thao mo him vt sng h, ghnh thc, leo ni: i tng
chnh ca loi hnh du lch ny l cc bn thanh nin tr a phiu lu mo him.
Kh nng chi tr ca cc i tng du lch ny tng i phong ph, nn h
thng s dng cc dch v du lch c cht lng. Hin nay, hu ht cc a
phng trong vng v ang khai thc nhng li th ny khai thc phc v
pht trin du lch.
- Du lch cha bnh: Vng Ty Nguyn loi hnh du lch ny cha ph
bin v mi chim t l nh trong tng s khch du lch ni a. i tng ca
loi du lch ny l ngi ln tui... v thng tp trung nhng ni c ngun
nc khong nng, kh hu trong lnh vi mc ch ngh ngi v cha bnh.
Bng 21: Hin trng th trng khch du lch ni a (theo mc ch)
n cc tnh Vng Ty Nguyn (nm 2011)
Tn tnh Th trng
khch chnh
Mc ch chuyn i (%)
Du lch
ngh dng
Kt hp
cng vic
Thm thn
nhn
Tham quan/
mc ch khc
Kon Tum Duyn hi Min
Trung, Bc B,
Nam B, H
Ni, TP.H Ch
Minh, ni vng
35 35 18 12
Gia Lai 25 60 5 10
k Lk 5 15 15 65
k Nng 40 48 6 6
Lm ng 68 20 7 5
Ngun: S Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch cc tnh trong Vng.
39
Ngy lu tr trung bnh ca khch du lch ni a t khong 1,65 ngy
vo nm 2010. V mc chi tiu trung bnh (nm 2010) ca khch ni a n Ty
Nguyn khong 410.000 ng ngi/ngy (tng ng 20USD). Tuy nhin,
mc chi tiu ny l khc nhau gia cc tnh trong Vng: Lm ng l 615.000
ng (tng ng 30USD); Gia Lai l 627.000 ng (tng ng 30,6USD);
k Lk l 215.000 ng (tng ng 10,5USD); Kon Tum v k Nng l
175.000 ng (tng ng 8,5USD).
3.2. Thc trng v sn phm du lch Vng Ty Nguyn
Ty Nguyn c nhiu tim nng du lch, vi truyn thng vn ha c
sc..., nhng vic u t khai thc pht trin cc sn phm du lch gn vi nt c
trng ca tng a phng cn hn ch, cha khai thc hiu qu v tng xng
vi tim nng. Nhiu a phng trong vng khi ni n sn phm du lch th ch
mi dng li vic tham quan nhng ti nguyn du lch sn c, cn nhng sn
phm du lch c th mang tnh c trng, c cht lng v mang thng hiu
t nhng ti nguyn ny bn cho khch du lch th cn nhiu hn ch.
Da trn nhng gi tr c trng v ti nguyn du lch, cc tnh Vng Ty
Nguyn ang tp trung khai thc xy dng cc sn phm du lch theo cc hng
du lch vn ha v du lch sinh thi, ngh dng.
+ V du lch vn ha, vi cc sn phm du lch ch yu sau: - Du lch tham quan, nghin cu vn ha bn a (Bn n, Bun Mling;
Lng Vn ha Kon Klor; Bun Go - Ct Tin).
- Du lch tham quan cc di tch lch s vn ha (di tch k T - Tn Cnh,
Ngc Kon Tum, Nh th g Kon Tum; nh t Pleiku, di tch lch s vn
ha lng khng chin Stor, di tch lch s Ty Sn Thng o, chin a
Plei Me; Nh y Bun Ma Thut, Bo tng Dn tc k Lk, hang
k Tur - Krong Bong, n in Ca a, nh Lc Giao, Cha Sc T
Khi oan, Ta Gim mc k Lk, Thp Yang Prong - Easoup; Di tch
NTrang Gh, Cm di tch lch s NTrang Lng; Thin vin Trc Lm,
khu m c dn tc M, khu di ch kho c Ct Tin
- Tham quan cc l hi truyn thng v vn ha ngh thut dn gian (L
hi Cng ching, L hi ua voi, L B M).
+ V du lch sinh thi, ngh dng vi cc loi sn phm sau:
- Du lch tham quan, ngh dng h v ni (Tuyn Lm, Mng en, Bin
H, H Lk).
- Du lch tham quan, nghin cu sinh thi (Yok Don, Ngc Linh, k Uy,
Mng en).
- Du lch tham quan thng cnh h, thc (h Tuyn Lm, h an Kia, h
T Nng, h Lk; cc thc Trinh N, Gia Long, Cam Ly, Pren).
- Du lch th thao mo him (leo ni, vt thc).
40
4. Thc trng t chc khng gian, tuyn im du lch
4.1. Phn vng lnh th du lch
Theo Chin lc v Quy hoch tng th pht trin Du lch Vit Nam thi
k 1995 - 2010, Vng Ty Nguyn l tiu vng thuc Vng Du lch Nam Trung
B v Nam B vi TP.H Ch Minh l trung tm u mi chi phi cc hot ng
du lch ca cc a phng khc trong Vng. Bn thn Ty Nguyn l mt tiu
vng du lch, v vy khng c phn v khng gian nh hn.
Chin lc pht trin du lch c nc cng nh hng Lt l mt
cc ca Trung tm du lch Nha Trang - Ninh Ch - Lt. Chnh v th, trong
qu trnh pht trin, khng gian Tiu vng Ty Nguyn hnh thnh hai khu
vc Bc v Nam. Khu vc pha Bc bao gm Kon Tum, Gia Lai, k Lk, k
Nng, pht trin lin kt vi nhau thng qua ng H Ch Minh. Pha Nam bao
gm ton b tnh Lm ng, c lin h mt thit vi TP.H Ch Minh v cc tnh
ng Nam B.
Khng gian pha Bc vi c th ti nguyn l cc gi tr vn ha, nn pht
trin du lch khu vc ny ch yu l du lch vn ha. Ngoi ra, khu vc ny c
cc ca khu quc t ng b, in hnh l ca khu B Y, nn pht trin du
lch y cn gn vi cc khu thng mi - du lch ca khu bin gii. Trung
tm du lch khng hnh thnh r nt, nhng TP.Bun Ma Thut l trung tm kinh
t - x hi khu vc nn c pht trin vi vai tr trung tm du lch khu vc pha
Bc; cc trung tm ph l TP.Kon Tum v TP.Pleiku.
Khng gian pha Nam vi c im ti nguyn ni bt v kh hu, cnh
quan nn pht trin du lch ngh dng ni. Lt l trung tm ca khu vc.
