Quiz 1) We have learned about two types of Abolitionists. What are the names of the two groups? 2) What is the difference between the two groups of Abolitionists? 3) Using two to three sentences briefly describe why the North Abolished Slavery.  4) Fredrick Douglass Published A newspaper. What was the name of the newspaper he published? 5) Why did he name it what he did? 6) A law was passes that upset the Abolitionists because of what it did. What was the law called? 7) Why did this particular law upset the Abolitionists? 8) Using the Underground Railroad where would slaves be headed for? 9) What group of Abolitionists thought it would be a good idea to purchase slaves and give them freedom in Africa? 10) What was the Capitol called where they would bring freed slaves?

Quiz 1) We have learned about two types of Abolitionists. What are the names of the two groups? 2) What is the difference between the two groups of Abolitionists? 3) Using two to three sentences briefly describe why the North Abolished Slavery.  4) Fredrick Douglass Published A newspaper. What was the name of the newspaper he published? 5) Why did he name it what he did? 6) A law was passes that upset the Abolitionists because of what it did. What was the law called? 7) Why did this particular law upset the Abolitionists? 8) Using the Underground Railroad where would slaves be headed for? 9) What group of Abolitionists thought it would be a good idea to purchase slaves and give them freedom in Africa? 10) What was the Capitol called where they would bring freed slaves?

1. The Compromise of 1850 contained a new Fugitive Slave Act to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. People accused of being fugitives under this law could be held without an arrest warrant, and they had no right to a jury trial. Instead, a federal commissioner ruled on each case and received $5 for releasing a slave and $10 for turning the defendant over to a slaveholder.

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT2. Why did Northerners resent to Fugitive Slave Act?

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT2. Why did Northerners resent to Fugitive Slave Act?

• It required Northerners to recapture slaves

• It placed fines on people who would not cooperate and jail terms on people who helped fugitives escape

• Slave catchers roamed the North, which brought home the issue of slavery to Northerners

• It made them feel they had to support slavery

Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law – Library of Congress Prints and Photographs

The Fugitive Slave Act• Federal Commissioner (judge) ruled on each

case• Received $5 for releasing defendant• Received $10 to return to slaveholder

What do you think happened?

The Fugitive Slave Act • Southerners felt FSA was justified because

slaves were considered property• Northerners resented law because it made them

part of the slavery system by requiring them to capture runaway slaves

• It placed fines on people who wouldn’t cooperate and jail terms on those who helped slaves escape

• Northerners faced a moral choice

a. Obey law and support slavery

b. Disobey law and oppose slavery

Question: How could a northerner break the law under the Fugitive Slave Act?

Page 536Page 536

What important event do you see?

Why might this be a problem?

What was the Solution?

What is Sectionalism?

Who is Henry Clay?The great Compromiser

What was his Solution?

Why was this important?

His Three main pointsHis Three main points

1. Missouri would be admitted to the Union as a slave state

What would they do to keep the balance?

2. Main would be admitted as a free state

3. 36° 30’ Parallel Page 536 What is it

Page 537Page 537

Protective Tariff

What is it?

Why is the Tariff such a big deal?

36° 30’ N36° 30’ N

What is 36° 30’ N?

What did it do? Limited slavery in the remaining Louisiana

Territory

How do you thing the South felt Believed that the government was not

performing Wanted to Abolish it

Read Page 537- What do you see Southerners' Dislike the Tariff so much they

decided not to abide by it

Called it the Tariff of Abomination-1832

Believed that it is unconstitutional

Issued the Doctrine of Nullification What does this do? How does the federal Government respond? Jackson Told South Carolina if they did not follow the

law he would send troops

Why is the doctrine of Nullifications such a big deal?

Why is the doctrine of Nullifications such a big deal?

Tariff

Texas pg. 539Texas pg. 539

How did we acquire Texas?

Why is this a big deal?

Henry Clay

Protective Tariff

Doctrine of Nullification

Wilmot Proviso

Popular Sovereignty

CA wants to Join the Union

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

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Primary Source: War, Terrible War by Joy HakimImages as cited.

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Harriet was the smallest of the Beecher’s children. She never grew to be more than five feet tall. But size has nothing to do with ability.

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In fact, Harriet Beecher, who married Calvin Stowe, became the most famous American women of her day. And all because of a book she wrote, a book that changed history.

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Growing up in New England, slavery had seemed so far away. Now, while attending school in Ohio, a free state, Harriet stood on the banks of the river looking across at

Kentucky, a slave state.

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She watched boats filled with slaves in chains who were being shipped south to be

sold at slave markets.

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One day she saw a baby pulled from its chained mother’s arms. She saw a look of anguish on the mother’s face. She never

forgot that look.

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Once, Harriet, was invited to Kentucky to visit a friend who lived on a plantation and

owned slaves. The friend and her family were kind people, and she saw slavery at

its best.

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But when Harriet and her friend rode horses to a neighboring plantation, they

saw a cruel overseer abusing blacks. Harriet remembered the kindness and the

cruelty.

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Harriet was becoming a writer. She wrote stories and poems. Then, when she married and had babies, there never seemed to be enough money. So Harriet wrote stories to earn money.

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Harriet had learned a lot about slavery, and it made her very angry. Her brother Edward’s wife said to her, “If I could write as you do I would write something to make this whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is.”

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And that was just what Harriet Beecher Stowe did. She wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

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It was the most important American book written in the 19th century. It may be the most influential book ever written in America. Its chapters were first printed in a newspaper.

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Within a week of its publication as a book (in 1852), 10,000 copies had been sold, and Uncle Tom’s Cabin was just getting started.

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Before the Civil War began, two million copies were bought in the U.S., and it was translated into many languages and sold around the world.

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Anyone who reads Uncle Tom’s Cabin and doesn’t cry at the end has a hard heart. It was the first American novel to make real people of blacks, and it made people care.

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Characters

• Uncle Tom – main character, good and pious man

• Mr. Shelby – Tom’s first master, sells Tom and Harry to pay off his debts

• Simon Legree- Tom’s 3rd master, cruel• Eliza Harris – Mrs. Shelby’s maid; escaped

when Mr. Shelby said he was going to sell Harry (crosses Ohio river to freedom)

• Harry - George and Eliza’s son; sold by Mr. Shelby

Harriet tried to be fair when she wrote the book. She made the horrible overseer, Simon Legree, a Northerner. Legree is the villain in the story.

Uncle Tom, a saintly black man, is strong and heroic, the finest person in the book.

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The Plot

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The Plot

• The book explores the different aspects of slavery exposing the evils of even the “kind” masters

• Uncle Tom is a slave who starts out on Mr. Shelby’s plantation

• The last 1/3 of the book takes the reader to the Legree plantation where the evil of slavery appears in its most hideous form.

The Plot• Mr. Shelby

– Treated Tom well; Tom lives with his wife

– Mr. Shelby sees the evil of slavery but condones it and practices it

– Sold Tom to pay off his debts

– His son vows to free Tom– Also sells Harry (Eliza’s

son) Eliza, George and Harry escape so they are not split up

The Plot

• Augustine St. Clare– Tom’s second master in New Orleans– Also sees the evil of slavery but tolerates and

practices it

The Plot

• Simon Legree– Tom’s third master– Ruthlessly evil– Louisiana Plantation– Fosters violence and hatred among his slaves– Abuses them (Cassy and Emmeline)– Eventually kills Tom

What she showed very well was that the system of slavery was evil and that even

good people did evil things when they were part of the system.

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Uncle Tom’s Cabin changed people’s ideas about slavery. It made people in the North angry. It made them willing to fight a war to end slavery.

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In the South it was against the law to buy or sell this book. Why do you think that is?

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When President Lincoln met Harriet Beecher Stowe during the Civil War he said to her, “So this is the little lady who wrote

the book that made this great war.”

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Stephen A Douglas pg. 544 Stephen A Douglas pg. 544

Who is he?

Transcontinental Railroad What is it

Has to pass laws establishing Territories Kansas and Nebraska

What is it called?

1854 Kansas Nebraska Act1854 Kansas Nebraska Act

What does Douglass do to get the South on board

Wants to give them popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska

What is Kansas and Nebraska part of The Louisiana Purchase above 36°30’

Results Results

Division among Political Parties What party

The southern Whigs wanted to Support the idea

The Northern Whigs are opposed to the idea

Democratic Party splits and Southerners almost all become Democrats

Page 546 What is a result of Popular Sovereignty?Page 546 What is a result of Popular Sovereignty? 1855 Newspapers start calling the scene

Bleeding Kansas

Page 547Page 547

Who is John Brown?

A Fanatical Abolitionist

Believed he was driven by god

Killed five pro slavery people to show the world how mad he was about Slavery

Potawatomi Creek Massacre. 1856

Violence in CongressViolence in Congress

What happen

Page 549Page 549

What do you see?

Raid on Harpers Ferry Raid on Harpers Ferry

Read Page 549-552

AbolitionismAbolitionism

Spreads in North Frederick Douglass: runaway slave becomes

abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison: editor of abolitionist

newspaper, The Liberator Underground Railroad: elaborate network of

white abolitionists, free blacks and slaves (NOT just Harriet Tubman!)

Total number of fugitives assisted by the URR b/w 1830-1860 is anywhere between 70,000 and 100,000.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

California wants to be a free state But the South assumed it wouldn’t be

So. . .

California will be free, BUT Utah and New Mexico will vote on slavery Fugitive Slave Law: meant to appease

South; many Northerners feel it turns them into slave-catchers. . .

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1850Kansas-Nebraska Act 1850

Proposed by Stephen Douglas People in Nebraska Territory will vote on

whether to have slavery or not (popular sovereignty)

Sounds like a good idea, BUTAnti-slavery and pro-slavery forces

stream in. . . “Bleeding Kansas”

John BrownJohn Brown

Abolitionist Involved in the Underground Railroad Moves to Kansas to support the anti-slavery

cause Responds to violence by proslavery men by

organizing the murder of 5 proslavery settlers: FANATICAL ABOLISHIONIST

Pottawatomie Creek Massacre

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s FerryJohn Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry Planned a raid on a Federal arsenal

Wanted to distribute weapons to slaves

Didn’t happen: Brown and his men were mostly captured or killed within 36 hours

Brown was ultimately hanged

The Caning of SenatorCharles SumnerThe Caning of SenatorCharles Sumner

Presentation created by Robert Martinez Primary Content Source: Story of US

On May 22, 1856, the floor of the U.S. Senate became a combat zone.

In one of the most dramatic moments in the Senate’s entire history, a member

of the House of Representatives entered the Senate Chamber and

savagely beat a senator into unconsciousness.

This incident began three days earlier when Senator Charles Sumner, a Massachusetts

antislavery Republican, addressed the Senate on the explosive issue of whether Kansas

should be admitted to the Union as a slave or free state.

Charles Sumner

In his “Crime against Kansas” speech, Sumner negatively called out two Democratic senators, Stephen Douglas of Illinois and Andrew Butler

of South Carolina.

Douglas Butler

To his face, Sumner called Douglas a “noise-some, squat, and nameless animal…not a proper model for an American senator.”

Senator Stephen DouglasSenator Charles Sumner

Mocking Senator Andrew Butler as a man of chivalry, the Massachusetts senator charged him with taking a “mistress…who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight – I mean,” added Sumner, “the harlot, Slavery.”

Congressman Preston Brooks was Butler’s South Carolina relative. If he had believed Sumner to be a gentlemen, he might have

challenged him to a duel. Instead, he chose a to use his cane

Shortly after the Senate had adjourned for the day, Brooks entered the old chamber, where he found

Sumner busy stamping copies of his “Crime against Kansas” speech.

Moving quickly, Brooks slammed his metal-topped cane onto the unsuspecting Sumner’s

head. As Brooks struck again and again, Sumner rose and lurched blindly about the chamber,

futilely attempting to protect himself.

After a very long minute, the violence ended. Bleeding profusely, Senator Sumner was carried

away.

Congressman Brooks walked calmly out of the chamber without being detained by the stunned onlookers. Overnight, both men became heroes

in their respective regions.

Facing a Congressional censure resolution, Brooks resigned, was immediately reelected, and

soon thereafter died at the age of 37.

Sumner recovered slowly and returned to the Senate, where he remained for another 18

years.

A NEW POLITICAL PARTY?A NEW POLITICAL PARTY?

PAGE 549?

What party was it?

Why was it founded?

What did the new party believe in? No slavery in the new territories

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry pg. 553John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry pg. 553 Planned a raid on a Federal arsenal

Wanted to distribute weapons to slaves

Didn’t happen: Brown and his men were mostly captured or killed within 36 hours

Brown was ultimately hanged

Page 549 what is the other party?Page 549 what is the other party?

The “ Know Nothings”

Did not like immigrants

Biased towards their part of the country

Especially did not like Irish coming over and taking jobs because of the Potato Famine

Did not last very long

Dred Scott pg. 549 who is He?Dred Scott pg. 549 who is He?Class outline of the Case

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