Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

20
16 December 2011 Telefónica 2021 Networking Summit Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution David Barker, CTO Quintel Technology

description

Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Transcript of Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Page 1: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

16 December 2011

Telefónica 2021 Networking Summit Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution David Barker, CTO Quintel Technology

Page 2: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

The Capacity Crunch • The Capacity crunch

• We are all aware of it

• By 2025 there may be 50x, 500x increase?

• How is it solved? – More Spectrum (~3x increase by 2025)

– More Spectral Efficient access tech (~3x increase by 2025)

– More Spectral re-use/denser topologies (~?x increase)

– Pricing mechanisms

• Small Cells are the acknowledged answer in the

form of Femtos, Picos, etc and part of a HetNet.

• But the Macro Layer won’t be replaced by Femto

Layer, so how can the Macro layer evolve and be

prepared for the Capacity crunch?

Source: Verizon

How do we

close the gap?

Shannon’s Limit

has essentially

been reached; this

is all Spatial

Multiplexing/MIMO

Page 3: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Spectrum Evolution

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1400

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

1990 GSM/GPRS/EDGE

1998

2004

UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+

2020

White Space/Interleaved

Spectrum 8x8 MIMO, CoMP, ICIC.

Elevation Beamforming

Azimuth Beamforming

2012

LTE FDD Rel 8/9/10/11

2x2 MIMO and Tx Div.

• FCC, UK, India promise another 500MHz by 2020; and with “hands-off”

approaches, incentive auctions and trading of spectrum.

• LTE-A is aligned with this multi-band concept to achieve 1Gbps and beyond.

• Results in more Spectrum Neighbours = more Inter-System interference scenarios

(GPS, DTV, Public Safety, PMR/SMR)

• Results in more Intra-System PIM Issues, especially with higher power Tx

• Logic could be to eventually migrate to cognitive radio systems, as per White

Space model?

Receive Div. Only

2016

TD-LTE Rel 8/9/10/11

4x4 MIMO, CoMP.

Azimuth Beamforming

DD2

Page 4: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Space Efficiency Techniques

Multi-array

Multi-Port

Combiners

How the Base Station Antenna has evolved Maxwell’s Laws not Moore’s Law

Source: 3G Americas; 3G & 4G Antenna Deployment

Point of Flux:

Reconfigurable?

Active?

Adaptive?

More Bands?

2012?

Spectral Efficiency Techniques

Spectral and

Space

Efficiency

Mutually

Exclusive

Page 5: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

MIMO Spectral Efficiency Evolution in LTE

ULA

number

of

sources

average

relative

gain

smallest

relative

gain

largest

relative

gain

CS/CB SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 4.03% 2.15% 5.90%

Cell-edge 4.42% 2.41% 6.42%

CS/CB SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 4 Cell avg 5.32% 2.69% 7.11%

Cell-edge 20.64% 5.94% 45.67%

CS/CB MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 4.07% 2.77% 5.37%

Cell-edge 8.93% 4.40% 13.46%

> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 5.66% 5.66% 5.66%

Cell-edge 25.08% 25.08% 25.08%

CS/CB MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 6 Cell avg 4.12% 1.31% 6.59%

Cell-edge 12.22% 5.83% 21.63%

> 9 cells 2 Cell avg 2.29% -0.65% 5.24%

Cell-edge 21.76% 21.05% 22.47%

JT SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 1.55% -1.61% 3.61%

Cell-edge 19.84% 12.84% 29.82%

JT SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 1.12% -1.37% 2.74%

Cell-edge 13.49% 9.48% 16.83%

JT MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 13.53% 3.21% 20.27%

Cell-edge 40.50% 20.00% 64.18%

JT MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 5 Cell avg 11.40% -1.58% 37.26%

Cell-edge 28.87% 9.56% 50.87%

> 9 cells 1 Cell avg -9.15% -9.15% -9.15%

Cell-edge 34.34% 34.34% 34.34%

cross-polarized antenna

number

of

sources

average

relative

gain

smallest

relative

gain

largest

relative

gain

CS/CB SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 1 Cell avg 1.46% 1.46% 1.46%

Cell-edge 2.86% 2.86% 2.86%

CS/CB SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 5 Cell avg 5.65% 1.81% 11.27%

Cell-edge 16.68% 3.21% 30.78%

CS/CB MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 3 Cell avg 3.71% 1.82% 6.80%

Cell-edge 5.17% 4.04% 7.14%

> 9 cells 2 Cell avg 0.86% -0.47% 2.20%

Cell-edge 15.21% 13.13% 17.29%

CS/CB MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 7 Cell avg 3.63% -0.58% 7.26%

Cell-edge 11.66% 2.99% 26.18%

> 9 cells 2 Cell avg 1.09% -1.08% 3.26%

Cell-edge 17.32% 13.64% 20.99%

JT SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 2.19% 0.16% 4.21%

Cell-edge 14.80% 11.03% 18.57%

JT SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 5 Cell avg 3.57% -3.97% 17.72%

Cell-edge 21.78% 6.77% 50.83%

JT MU-MIMO 2x2 vs. MU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 7 Cell avg 4.07% -5.64% 18.68%

Cell-edge 40.72% 9.52% 88.37%

> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 3.57% 3.57% 3.57%

Cell-edge 18.57% 18.57% 18.57%

JT MU-MIMO 4x2 vs. MU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 7 Cell avg 8.70% -8.46% 38.96%

Cell-edge 31.35% 10.67% 80.70%

> 9 cells 1 Cell avg 6.86% 6.86% 6.86%

Cell-edge 18.18% 18.18% 18.18%

DCS SU-MIMO 2x2 vs. SU-MIMO 2x2 9 cells 2 Cell avg 1.69% 0.26% 3.13%

Cell-edge 2.01% 0.00% 4.01%

DCS SU-MIMO 4x2 vs. SU-MIMO 4x2 9 cells 1 Cell avg 18.33% 18.33% 18.33%

Cell-edge 41.04% 41.04% 41.04%

JT: Joint Transmission (Multi-Cell Tx)

CS/CB: Co-ordinated Scheduling & Beamforming

2x2 Single User MIMO

R8

2012

3GPP Study item in release 11 LTE

3GPP TR 36.819 V11.0.0 (2011-09)

captures these simulation results.

CoMP/ICIC techniques in particular

improve cell edge performances.

Slow but steady evolution in Spectral

Efficiencies, at the expense of

complexity.

2x2 Multi User MIMO

R9

Dual Layer Beamforming (R9)

Azimuth Plane Coherent

Beamforming

Emphasis on UE

only having 2x

Antennas

4x2 Single User/Multi Cell MIMO (CoMP)

R10

2015

Tx1

Higher-order

Azimuth Plane

Coherent

Beamforming

Tx2

4x2 Multi User/Multi Cell MIMO (CoMP)

R11

2018

Tx1

Tx2

1.4

1.8 2.3

2.5 2.7 3.5

3.0 3.4 4.0

Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz)

Page 6: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

MIMO Spectral Efficiency Evolution in LTE Dual Layer Beamforming in LTE Release 9

• With 3GPP Release 9 (TD-LTE) and Release 10 (FDD), a

feature called “Dual Layer Beamforming” allows the LTE

Downlink shared traffic channel to use 2x2 Spatial Multiplexing

MIMO plus Adaptive Beamforming.

• With 4xPA’s (i.e. a 4T4R Base Station) you can transmit a

signal on two feeders; each signal carrying the same

information but having different phase weights.

• Example shown left, where different LTE Physical resource

Blocks (i.e. different groups of LTE OFDM Sub-Tones) are

delivered with different Azimuthally Beamformed patterns.

• Each user receives their respective signals via individual

optimal Beamformed patterns.

• Beamforming in this way improves overall C/I which in turns

ensures that Spatial Multiplexing occurs more often.

+45

-45

4T4R

Base Station

+45

-45

Base Pattern

of each array

Azimuthal Beamformed Patterns

created for different users

(using different Physical Resource

Blocks in Time & Frequency)

Page 7: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Quintel Product Application Families

MultiServTM Product Family

Multiband/Multi-Port Products

• >2x more ports than standard antennas

• Maintains standard form factor

• Delivers Quad and Penta bands

• Enables LTE deployment in new and

existing frequency bands

• Max ports & tilts enables high order

MIMO capabilities and mitigates PIM

MultiWavTM Product Family

Adaptive Elevation Beamforming Products

• Same benefits as MultiServ plus

• Complement or alternative to fully active

antenna deployments

• The answer to delivering “smart” antenna

features, whilst supporting legacy services,

and across multiple bands.

Space Efficient Mast Solutions Spectrum Efficient Mast Solutions

Page 8: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

How Quintel QTiltTM Technology Works

18

2

1

18

2

1

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(+

45

o)

UMTS2100 GSM1800 T

x/R

x

Tx/R

x

+45

1800

+45

2100

Quintel VET Principle (2x Tilts)

GSM1800 UMTS2100

Po

wer

Div

idin

g N

etw

ork

Actuator

Base Station

Standard VET Antenna

Tx/R

x

Phase slope

across array

(–q to +q )

Max Tilt

Min Tilt

Mid Tilt

Phase slope

across array

(–q to +q )

Single Phase

Difference

(–f to +f )

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(+

45

o)

Tx/R

x

Quintel VET Principle

Max Tilt

Min Tilt

Mid Tilt

Base Station

Page 9: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Solutions for Space Efficiency Quintel MultiServTM

LTE-AWS

GSM1900 GSM850 LTE700

700/850/1900 Combiners

700/850/1900 Combiners

LTE(AWS) Remote Head Solution shown

700/850/1900 Combiners

AWS

PCS1900

LTE700

800/850 Service

GSM900 UMTS2100 GSM1800

Tx

/Rx

Tx

/Rx

Tx

/Rx

Tx

/Rx

Tx

/Rx

Tx

/Rx

Tx

/Rx

Optional Band Combiners

Optional TMAs

LTE800

LTE2600

4T4R

8-9/18

GSM900/

LTE800

Tx

/Rx

Optional 8-900/1800 Combiners

GSM1800 UMTS2100

Space Efficiency

Techniques

LTE2600 (4T4R) 10x Ports:

2x 790-960MHz

4x 1710-2170MHz

4x 2490-2690MHz

8x Ports:

2x 698-894MHz

2x 1850-1990MHz

2x 1710-1770/2110-2180MHz

700/850/1900 Combiners

2m

2m

Page 10: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

More Spectrum Example of Intra System Interference

“Back to the Future”

Solution

Problem

GSM/UMTS 850AB

LTE 700

Quintel

MultiServ

Antenna

(Tx)

Quintel

MultiServ Antenna

(Rx)

T R T R

700/850 Combiners

700/850 Combiners

700/850 Combiners

700/850 Combiners

700/850 Combiners

700/850 Combiners

700/850 Combiners

700/850 Combiners

Rx: 700BC

Tx: 700DEBC

Either Un-duplex or

break out at native

Tx, Rx ports

All Tx Sub-Bands are

Transmitted (30MHz)

A Spectral Efficiency Technique

Page 11: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

MIMO Engineering & Innovation Back to the Future: Space Diversity for Spectral Efficiency?

Quintel Dualband 8 Port Antennas (698-894MHz/1710-2170MHz)

6x Independent Tilts

LTE-AWS

UMTS

850

GSM 1900

GSM 850

LTE 700

UMTS 1900

700/850/1900 Combiners

700/850/1900 Combiners

700/850/1900 Combiners

700/850/1900 Combiners

700/850/1900 Combiners

700/850/1900 Combiners

700/850/1900 Combiners

700/850/1900 Combiners

Hybrid Space+Polz Diversity For all services

2x2 MIMO LTE(AWS) Remote Head Solution shown

• For 2x Antennas per sector.

• Quintel solution allows initial 2x2 MIMO with

either:

– Conventional X-Polar only, or

– Spatially Separated orthogonal Polarisations

• Upgrade to 4x4 MIMO on 700 and AWS bands

• Patented technique and application.

A Spectral Efficiency Technique

2x2 MIMO LTE700

“Back to the Future”

Solution

Quintel

MultiServ Antenna

Quintel

MultiServ Antenna

Modeling and capacity of polarized

MIMO channels

Mikael Coldrey

Ericsson Research, Ericsson AB,

SWEDEN

1dB Spectral Efficiency Gains

1998 IEEE Paper

1dB Diversity Gains

Page 12: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

What is an Active Antenna?

Dis

trib

utio

n N

etw

ork

Dis

tributio

n N

etw

ork

Integrated RRH/

Passive Antenna

Distributed

Amplifiers

Distributed Transceivers

with Sub-Array

What is an Active Antenna?

• Integrated RRH/Passive Antenna (Not strictly an Active Antenna)

• Distributed Amplifiers

• Distributed Amplifiers feeding Sub-Arrays

Page 13: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Quin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

RRH Q

uin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed Q

uin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

Quin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

Bottom

Mount RRH

Quintel Alternative/Compliment to Active Antenna Quintel MultiWav

• Quintel offers deployment flexibility for location of Radios

• Fully Passive Antenna. Exploits 4T4R Base Stations

• Re-use of same RRH modules/hardware in all configs

• Re-use of same RRH modules/hardware for standard,

non-Quintel applications

Quin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

Quin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

Passive

Antenna

Part

Page 14: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Antenna Innovation What could be achieved with an Active Antenna?

• Multi dimensional applications covering

• Optimisation of different access technologies in same freq band

• Optimising individual RF channels within same standard

• Enhancing cell throughput on network or cluster basis.

Spectral Efficiency

Techniques

Elevation Beamforming

Page 15: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(+

45

o)

Corp

ora

te F

ee

d

Netw

ork

s

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(-4

5o)

Ph

ase

Sh

ifte

rs

T R T T R T

Dynamic

(adaptive) tilting

(per user) for

LTE Uplink

Independent

Static Tilt for

LTE Downlink

+45 -45

LTE eNB (2T/4R Configuration)

T R T R

RxD3 RxD4

R

A Solution for Spectral Efficiency MultiWav - Adaptive Elevation Beamforming (Uplink only)

Tx/Rx2 Tx/Rx1

• Connecting a 2T4R Base Station as shown with 4-way

Maximal Ratio Combiner (MRC), rather than usual 2-

way MRC.

• MRC algorithm simply applies weights and phase

delays to the 4x Rx inputs to maximize C/I, and will do

this on a per channel (per user) basis at baseband.

• Applying phase delays to within each of the Rx

differential pairs is simply creating a coherent beam

(tilt) toward/from each user/terminal, and then applying

phase/weights between +45 and -45 is then standard

2-way Rx diversity.

LTE Downlink LTE Uplink (Adaptive)

T R

4-Way

MRC

T R

S

R

Spectral Efficiency Techniques

Page 16: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(+

45

o)

Corp

ora

te F

ee

d

Netw

ork

s

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(-4

5o)

LTE (R9+)

4T4R

+45A +45B -45A -45B

Beamforming

in Elevation

across each

A&B ports

Spatial Multiplexing

up to Rank 2 across

+45 and -45 BF pairs

Dynamic

Beamform/Tilting

for LTE

Interference

UE

A Solution for Spectral Efficiency MultiWav - Adaptive Elevation Beamforming (Up & Downlink)

Can be a 2T4R eNodeB

(giving Uplink adaptive

coherent Beamforming)

LTE (10MHz) Throughput vs. Distance Scatter Plot (Central Cells/Int Tilts)

(Mech Tilt = 3o, Elec Tilt=2

o, Bin Size = 10m, Boresight +/- 30

o)

Sites without Traffic EDT=7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 100 200 300 400 500

Distance (m)

Th

rou

gh

pu

t (M

bp

s)Original Throughput

Optimised Throughput

LTE 2GHz/20MHz 2x2 Config

Flat Earth 3x19 cell geometry

(25m Ht x 500m Cell Radii)

Monte-Carlo Simulation

Mbps (y) vs. Dist in m (x)

Blue – No Elevation BF

Red – With Elevation BF

Page 17: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Antenna Hardware Evolution?

• There are Active Antennas which are purely active, offering 1x

box at the top of the mast.

• Then, there’s a roadmap for Active Antennas which also will

promise adaption of the (vertical) beam pattern on a per

Physical Resource Block (PRB) or user resolution basis.

• The latter being a focus of a lot of OEM vendors right now; fits

with slim line antennas for Western markets.

• Quintel are offering a complimentary solution delivering smart

(adaptive) coherent Beamforming in radio channels where full

complex vector control of each antenna element isn’t

necessary.

Baseband/D

AC

/RF

Sta

ges

Optical F

ibre

Active Adaptive

Antenna

Baseband

Server

Innovation:

Quintel

Multi-Band Capable

Offers Active/Smart

antenna type features

Completely Passive

Optical F

ibre

Baseband

Server

Quin

tel C

orp

ora

te F

eed

BB-RF

Dual-PA

IRU

Full Complex vector control at

each element

(Fully Active Adaptive Array)

Page 18: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(+

45

o)

Corp

ora

te F

ee

d

Netw

ork

s

Qu

inte

l C

orp

ora

te F

eed

N

etw

ork

(-4

5o)

Ph

ase

Sh

ifte

rs

9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8

GSM900, UMTS900

LTE800

4xTx/Rx

+45 -45

Dynamic

Beamform/Tilting

for LTE800

RET for 900

2xTx/Rx

• One 4T4R plus one 2T2R base station

example shown

• Quintel advantage is that a single column array lends itself

to dual-array (dual-band) topology readily. A side-by-side

column array (conventional Azimuthal Beamforming) may

prove difficult to make dual-band.

• Quintel can also offer our conventional independent (static)

tilt for legacy services as illustrated left, as per our

MultiServ product approach.

• Potentially, beamforming in elevation could prove more

effective than beamforming in Azimuth, due to the fact

interference comes from one direction (the horizon) rather

than multiple directions as in Azimuth.

Quintel Elevation Beamforming Antenna Legacy support plus Adaptive Elevation Beamforming

Space Efficiency Techniques

Spectral Efficiency Techniques

And

Page 19: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Deployment?

Weight

Critical

Weight

Critical

RRH

Page 20: Quintel - David Barker CTO Base Station Antenna Evolution and Revolution

Copyright © 2011 Quintel. All rights reserved.

Quintel Confidential.

Thank You! Dave Barker +44 7958 418 816

[email protected]

When wireless is pushed to the limit the answer isn’t more of the same

The answer is

more innovation