Quick Recap

Scope Management Process

Description

Scope Planning The development of a scope management plan that defines the project’s scope and how

it will be verified and controlled throughout the project.

Scope Definition A detailed scope statement that defines what work will and will not be part of the project and will serve as a basis for all future project decisions

Create Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

The decomposition or dividing of the major project deliverables into smaller and more manageable components.

Scope Verification Confirmation and formal acceptance that the project’s scope is accurate, complete, and supports the project’s MOV.

Scope Change Control Ensuring that controls are in place to manage proposed scope changes once the project’s scope is set. These procedures must be communicated to all project stakeholders.

PMBOK Scope Management Processes

Summary of Scope Management Processes

Lesson 3: Planning Project WorkTopic 3D: Develop a Work Breakdown Structure

Work Breakdown Structures

Camp III

Camp II

Camp I

Based on the CONCEPT of

PROJECT MONETORING

AND CONTROLLING

Outline

• In this lecture we focus on:• Anatomy of Work Breakdown Structures• Developing a Work breakdown structure (WBS)• Dependencies between tasks• Scheduling

• Notations for visualizing dependencies• Many heuristics and examples

• How detailed should a WBS be?• How can you plan a long project when things are unknown or changing all the

time?

Anatomy of Work Breakdown Structures

1. What is a WBS?2. The 100% Rule3. Three Types of WBS Structures4. Four Types of WBS Elements5. Two Types of Programs6. Use of WBS to Define Activities

Anatomy of Work Breakdown Structures

1. What is a WBS?2. The 100% Rule3. Three Types of WBS Structures4. Four Types of WBS Elements5. Two Types of Programs6. Use of WBS to Define Activities

Work Breakdown Structure

• Formal Definition per the PMBOK® Guide:A Deliverable - Oriented Grouping of Project Elements that Organizes and Defines the Total Scope of the Project.Each Descending Level Represents an Increasingly Detailed Definition of the Project Work.

ELEPHANT BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

Tail Legs Body Head

WBS CONCEPT

• Outline of the Work to be Performed• Provides a Framework for Defining the Work on the Project - SOW• Provides a Framework for Planning• (Work Not in the WBS is Work Not in the Project)

Definitions

• A WBS Consists of Elements• The Lowest Level Element in the WBS is Often Referred to as a Work

Package• A Work Package Consists of Tasks or Activities• Elements are Described by Nouns• Activities Contain Verbs

USERDOCUMENTS

Sample Partial WBSSOFTWAREPROJECT

SOFTWARESYSTEM

TRAININGMATERIALS

SYSTEMANALYSIS

PROJECTMGT

MODULE 1 MODULE 2 MODULE 3 SYSTEMTEST

CODING TEST

Level 1

Level 3

Anatomy of Work Breakdown Structures

1. What is a WBS?2. The 100% Rule3. Three Types of WBS Structures4. Three Types of WBS Elements5. Two Types of Programs6. Use of WBS to Define Activities

100 % Rule

The next level decomposition of a WBS element (child level) mustrepresent 100% of the work applicable to the next higher (parent) element.

PERMITS/INSPECTIONS

SAMPLE WBS - GARAGEGARAGEPROJECT

GARAGEGROUNDS CONSTR.PLANS

PROJECTMGT

WALLSFOUNDATION ROOF UTILITIES

FRAME DOORS/WINDOWS

Level 1

Level 4DOORS/WINDOWS

DRY WALL/

PANELING ASSEMBLY

ASSEMBLY

100 % Rule Importance

If you follow the 100% rule, and define the WBS elements as nouns, you have won the battle to get an effective WBS.

Anatomy of Work Breakdown Structures

1. What is a WBS?2. The 100% Rule3. Three Types of WBS Structures4. Four Types of WBS Elements5. Two Types of Programs6. Use of WBS to Define Activities

Three Types of WBS Structures

• PMBOK® Guide Definition of a Project:

“A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result.”

Product Breakdown

• Decomposition of the Natural, Physical Structure of the Deliverable• Follows a Framework• The Deliverable is a Tangible Product• Most Common Example Used

PERMITS/INSPECTIONS

SAMPLE WBS - GARAGE

GARAGEPROJECT

GARAGEGROUNDS CONSTR.PLANS

PROJECTMGT

WALLSFOUNDATION ROOF UTILITIES

FRAME DOORS/WINDOWS

Level 1

Level 4DOORS/WINDOWS

DRY WALL/

PANELING ASSEMBLY

ASSEMBLY

Service Breakdown

• No Tangible Output Product• Main Event or “Service”• Decomposition Based on a Logical Grouping (not Physical Structure)• Often Developed Bottom-up• Detailed Activities May be Checklists• Lend Themselves to Templates

Service Project Breakdown

InternationalConference

Project

Project ManagementDisplaysProgramFacilitiesTransport-

ationAttendees

ToursPresentationsSpouseActivitiesReceptions

TranslatorsSpeakersPapers

Level 1

Level 3

Level 4

Results Project Breakdown

• Project Does not have a Well-Structured Primary Product as a Deliverable• May Have Several Products that Collectively Achieve the Planned “Result”• The Projects are Process-Based

Results Project WBS

HSEPROJECT

1. Work Plan2. Product &

ProcessAnalysis

3. HazardAnalysis

4. Q.A.Process

5. Plan

Process

6.Implement-

ation

7. ProjectManagement

Level 1

Anatomy of Work Breakdown Structures

1. What is a WBS?2. The 100% Rule3. Three Types of WBS Structures4. Four Types of WBS Elements5. Two Types of Programs6. Use of WBS to Define Activities

Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements

1. Integrative2. Analytical3. Process4. Project Management

Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements1. Integrative

New TechnologyBicycle Project

ProjectManagement

BicyclePreliminaryDesign

Frame SeatAssembly

Pedals &Gears Handlebars Assembly

Level 1

Level 2

Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements2. Analytical

New PCDevelopment

ProjectManagement

PersonalComputerDocumentation

Structure CircuitBoards

HardDisk

PowerSupply Assembly

System Test System Analyses

Level 1

Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements3. Process

ProjectManagement

AircraftSystem

Manuals &Data

SupportEquipment

AirVehicle Facilities Test &

Evaluation

Level 1

Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements3. Process

New PCDevelopment

ProjectManagement

PersonalComputerDocumentation

Structure CircuitBoards

HardDisk

PowerSupply Assembly

System Test System Analyses

Design Procure-ment Fabrication Subsystem

Test

Level 1

Level 2

Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements4. Project Management

• A Special Type of WBS Element• All Projects have a PM Element• May be Looked-at Conceptually as an “Overhead” Element

GLH, Incorporated

Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements4. Project Management

PROJECT START AND FINISH Contract AwardComplete Project

MEETINGS AND REVIEWS Kick-off MeetingMonthly/Quarterly Project ReviewsCorporate ReviewsIn-Process ReviewsClose-out MeetingAction Item Tracking System

REPORTS Monthly Progress ReportAnnual ReportBudget/Financial Status Report

PLANS Project CharterMaster ScheduleProject Plan (Current and Future PhasesRisk Management & etc

Level 3 Level 4 Work Packages

PROJECT MANAGEMENT (Level 2)

Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements4. Project Management

CONTROL Schedule TrackingCost TrackingEarned Value Management AnalysisVariance AnalysisCorrective ActionWork-Arounds

ADMINISTRATIVE Project Management OfficeSpace/RelocationCorrespondence Control System

PROJECT SUPPORT Procurement/PurchasingSubcontract ManagementContract Management

Level 3 Level 4 Work Packages

PROJECT MANAGEMENT (Level 2)

Anatomy of Work Breakdown Structures

1. What is a WBS?2. The 100% Rule3. Three Types of WBS Structures4. Four Types of WBS Elements5. Two Types of Programs6. Use of WBS to Define Activities

Two Types of Programs

• Life Cycle Phases – Process Projects• Program Areas – Series of Projects

PMBOK® GUIDE:A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way. Programs usually include an element of ongoing work.

A Program Life Cycle Phases

I. Feasibility, Conceptual or InitiationII. PlanningIII. Execution or ImplementationIV. Close-OutV. Operations and MaintenanceVI. (Program Management)

Example Program Areas

• Nanotechnology• Alcohol and Drug Abuse• Cancer Research• Anti-Terrorism

PM WBS Elements in a Program

• Traditional PM Elements at Level 1• Level 2 PM Elements for each Phase/Project• Level 2 PM Elements that Relate to Subsequent Phases

• Cross-cutting Analytical Elements• Outputs for Future Phases

Level 1 PM Decomposition

ProgramManagement

Etc.Administration& Budget Communications Program

SupportProgramControl

Level 1

Anatomy of Work Breakdown Structures

1. What is a WBS?2. The 100% Rule3. Three Types of WBS Structures4. Four Types of WBS Elements5. Two Types of Programs6. Use of WBS to Define Activities

Time Sharing System (TSS) Project WBS

TSS PROJECT

TSSSoftware

DesignSpecification

RequirementsSpecification

ProjectManagement

•Project Start•Project Meetings•Project Reports

•Initial Specification•Final Specification

•Initial Specification•Final Specification

•Module 1•Module 2•Integrate Modules

Level 1

WBS and Activities in MS Project

SummaryGeneric WBS Elements

PROGRAM

ProgramManagement

ProjectA

Phase/Project

1. ProductBreakdownElements

2. ServiceBreakdownElements

3. ResultsBreakdownElements

4. CrosscuttingElements

5. ProjectManagement

Elements

Phase/Project

OngoingWork

Level 0

ProductStructure

Groupings Steps Integrative, Analytical, orProcess

SupportandManagement

Level 1

Level 2

Effective Work Breakdown Structures

Thank You