Quick Guide Into Iso 14692

QUICK GUIDE INTO ISO 146921. Introduction

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide network of

national standard institutes. The ISO 14692 standard is an international standard dealing

with the qualification, manufacturing, design and installation of GRE piping systems.

This document gives a brief summary of the ISO 14692 standard only and is not intended

to replace the ISO 14692 standard.

Content1. Introduction 12. What is ISO 14692? 23. Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials 34. Part 2: Qualification of components 35. Part 3: System design 56. Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation 77. Conclusion 98. ISO in brief 99. References 910. Deviations list to the ISO quality program 10

System designQualification

Installation

Trouble-free pipesystem

To ensure a trouble free GRE pipe system, three major important conditions must be met:

1.Use qualified products.2.Perform system design.3. Install according to manufacturers standards and

guidelines.

The above mentioned three points are addressed in the ISO 14692 Standard in Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4 respectively.

Figure 1. The key to success

© Ameron 2006. EB 1. 05/06. of 12. Printed in the Netherlands

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2. What is ISO 14692?

ISO 14692, is an international standard dealing with the qualification of fittings, joints and pipes for certain applications.It describes how to qualify and manufacture GRP/GRE (GlassReinforced Epoxy) pipe and fittings, how to conduct systemdesign and finally it gives guidelines for fabrication, installationand operation.

The ISO 14692 consists of 4 parts:Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials.Part 2: Qualification and manufacture.Part 3: System design.Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation.

ISO 14692-2, ISO 14692-3, ISO 14692-4, follow each individual phase in the life cycle of a GRP/GRE piping system,i.e. from design through manufacture to operation. Each part istherefore aimed at the relevant parties involved in that particular case. It is primarily intended for offshore applicationson both fixed and floating topsides facilities, but may also beused as guidance for the specification, manufacture, testingand installation of GRP/GRE piping systems in other similar applications found onshore.

Ameron has obtained a Design Examination Statement fromDNV. This examination statement consists out of a combinationof two specifications namely: ISO 14692 and AWWA M45. ISO 14692 covers the design of suspended pipe systems andthe qualification of GRP/GRE products, AWWA M45 covers thedesign and installation of buried pipe systems. Together these specifications cover all design and installation aspects. Incases the specifications conflict the ISO 14692 supersedes the AWWA. Therefore, on basis of this design examinationstatement the scope can include also application of GRP/GRE piping systems onshore (buried and suspended).

Main users of the ISO 14692 document are: governments, end users, engineering companies, inspection companies,manufacturers, installers.The advantages of the ISO 14692 standard are:- Standardizing principles, norms, working methods.- Allows everybody to have the same understanding.- Main engineering and installation of GRP/GRE issues are

handled.- Accepted by all engineering companies, third party inspec-

tion companies and governments.- Accepted in Europe by convention of Vienna and equal to

CEN-standards.- Everybody speaks the same language.

The disadvantages of the ISO 14692 standard are:- Needs thorough studying, the standard is certainly difficult.- For qualification, expensive tests are required.- Expensive quality control requirements.

Photo 1. Platform under construction

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3. Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials

First part of the ISO 14692 gives the terms, definitions andsymbols used.Main objective of this chapter is to achieve that every bodyspeaks the same language.

A few examples of common used abbreviations are given:

• Composite pipe = pipe manufactured using fibre reinforcedthermo set plastics

• GRP = Glass Reinforced Plastics• GRE = Glass Reinforced Epoxy• Lower confidence limit, LCL = 97,5% confidence limit of the

long-term hydrostatic pressure or stress based on a 20-yearlifetime.

• Jet fire = turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel continuously released with significantmomentum in a particular range of directions.

• Impregnate = saturate the reinforcement with a resin.• Part factor f1 = ratio of the 97,5% confidence limit of the

LTHP to the mean value of LTHP • LTHP = extrapolated long-term mean static failure pressure

of a component with free ends based on a 20-year lifetime.• Part factor f2 = derating factor related to confidence in the

pipe work system, the nature of the application and the consequence of failure.

• Part factor f3 = part factor that takes account of non-pressure-related axial loads, e.g. bending

Furthermore, some general applications for GRP/GRE pipingare given.

4. Part 2: Qualification of components

Part 2 of the standard gives requirements for the qualificationand manufacture of GRP/GRE piping and fittings.

4.1 Materials of construction and wall thicknesslimitationsThe GRP/GRE components shall be manufactured using a thermosetting resin such as epoxy, polyester, vinylester and phenolic.The reinforcement shall be glassfiber, e.g. continuous and/orwoven rovings.

The minimum wall thickness shall be 3 mm for sizes 4 inch and above. The minimum wall thickness for sizes below 4 inchis defined as: WT / ID 0,025.

4.2 Qualification programAn extensive qualification program is required to determine the performance of the GRP/GRE components with respect to pressure, temperature, chemical resistance, fire performance,electrostatic performance, impact etc.

What has to be done to qualify a GRP/GRE piping system?

For each product family (component type), a full regression line

according ASTM D-2992 must be determined (witnessed bythird party for example: DNV, Bureau Veritas). The test consistsout of at least 18 samples. The test pieces are plain end pipes. The test setup is a closed end pressure vessel. Pipe samplesare subject to different pressures. The test medium is water at65 degrees C. The required failure mode is weeping. The failures shall be in different decades. Figure 2 gives anexample of a regression line.

Figure 2. Regression curve


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Each product family (pipe, elbow, reducer, tee, flange) isdivided into product sectors. Two representative samples, usually the biggest diameter and highest pressure class, from each product sector are taken and fully tested accordingASTM 1598 (1000 hrs at 65 C). The test medium is water. Therepresentative samples are called the product sector represen-tatives.

Table 1. Overview of product sectors

Diameter (mm) Pressure range (bar)0 - 50 50 - 100 100 -150 >_ 150

25 - 250 A H N S250 - 400 B I O T400 - 600 C J P600 - 800 D K Q800 - 1200 E L R

Photo 2. Spool for 1000 hrs testing

Photo 3. Overview of elbows needed for qualification up to 8 inch

For calculation of the test pressure, the regression line of thepipe or the fitting is used. In absence of a regression line, adefault value can be obtained from a table given in the ISO.For details on the calculation see the ISO document. In generalthe 1000 hr test is performed at about 2.5 to 3 times thedesign pressure. So a 20 bar system is tested around 50 to 60bar.

A product sector contains all the items within its diameter andpressure range, the so called component variants. Componentvariants are qualified by either two 1000 hr tests or through thescaling method.

For quality control, short term tests could be performed, ifrequired and agreed with the principal. These are done toestablish a baseline value for quality control.Other aspects to be considered are: the glass transition tem-perature, the glass resin ratio and component dimensions.These have to be determined from the replicate samples andused by quality control during production as base line values.

4.3 Fire performanceIf required, fire testing shall be conducted on each pipingmaterial system. The performance of the piping system shallbe qualified in accordance with the ISO procedure and a classification code shall be assigned.

4.4 Electrical conductivityIf required, testing shall be carried out on each piping materialsystem. The performance of the piping system shall be quali-fied in accordance with the ISO procedure and a classificationcode shall be assigned.

4.5 Quality program for manufactureThe piping manufacturer shall have a suitable and accreditedquality assurance and quality control system.Pipe and fittings furnished to ISO 14692 shall be testedaccording to the ISO standard.See chapter 10 for the list of deviations to the quality program.


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5. Part 3: System design

5.1 Introduction/abstractThe design guidelines are handled in part 3 of the ISO 14692.The designer shall evaluate system layout requirements suchas:

• Space requirement (fitting dimensions).• Piping system support.• Vulnerability.• The effect of fire (incl. blast) on the layout requirements

should be considered.• Control of electrostatic discharge (depending on service

and location).

5.2 Layout requirementsIn general the same types of fittings available in steel are alsoavailable in GRP. Note that the building dimensions of someGRP/GRE fittings can be larger compared to steel fittings.

5.3 Support distanceRecommendations for system support:

• Supports spaced to limit sag (< 12.5 mm).• Valves and heavy equipment to be supported

independently.• In general, connections to metallic piping systems shall be

anchored.• Do not use GRP/GRE piping to support other piping.• Use the flexibility of the material to accommodate axial

expansion, provided the system is well anchored and guided.

5.4 Hydraulic designThe aim of hydraulic design is to ensure that GRP/GRE pipingsystems are capable of transporting the specified fluid at thespecified rate, pressure and temperature throughout theirintended service life.

Factors that limit the velocity are:• Unacceptable pressure losses.• Prevention of water hammer.• Prevent cavitation.• Reduction of erosion.• Reduction of noise.• Pipe diameter and geometry (inertia loading).

Fluid velocity, fluid density, interior surface roughness of pipesand fittings, pipe length, inside diameter as well as resistancefrom valves and fittings shall be taken into account when esti-mating pressure losses. The smooth surface of the GRP/GREpipe may result in lower pressure losses compared to metalpipe.

A full hydraulic surge analysis shall be carried out, if pressuretransients are expected. The analysis shall cover all anticipatedoperating conditions including priming, actuated valves, pumptesting, wash-down hoses, etc.

Table 2. Overview of qualification tests needed

Product sector A Test standard Pipes Elbows Tees FlangesComponent variant 2 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scalingComponent variant 3 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scalingComponent variant 4 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scalingComponent variant 6 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scalingProduct sector representative 8 inch ASTM D-2992 2 2 2 2Family representative ASTM D-2992 18 18 18 18QC baseline ASTM D-1598 5 5 5 5

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5.5 Structural designAim of structural design is to ensure that GRP/GRE piping systems shall sustain all stresses and deformations duringconstruction/installation and throughout the service life.

Piping system design shall represent the most severe conditions experienced during installation and service life.Designers shall consider loads given in table 1 in the ISO document.Sustained loads:

• Pressure (internal, external, vacuum, hydro-test).• Mass (self-mass, medium, insulation, etc).• Thermal induced loads.• Soil loads and soil subsidence.

Occasional loads:• Earthquake.• Wind.• Water hammer.

The sum of all hoop stresses and the sum of all axial stressesin any component in the piping system shall lie within the long-term design envelope.

5.5.1 Determination of the failure envelope and the long-term design envelopeIn the ISO14692 document an algorithm is given how to determine the failure envelope and how the long term design envelope is developed.

• Determine the short term failure envelope (1 or 2).• The idealized long term failure envelope (3) is geometrically

similar to the short term envelope with all data pointsbeing scaled. This scaling factor (fscale) is derived usingthe long term regression line.

• The non factored long term design envelope (4) is basedon the idealized long term envelope multiplied by the partfactor f2.

• The factored long term design envelope (5) is derived by multiplication with A1, A2 and A3, where A1 is the de-rating factor for temperature, A2 is the de-rating factorfor chemical resistance and A3 is the de-rating factor forcyclic service.

Figure 3. Allowable stress curve

5.6 Stress analysisManual or computer methods can be used for structural analysis of piping systems.

Caesar II (by Coade) is commonly used to perform stress andflexibility analysis. The piping system can be evaluated for several load-cases. Load-cases can be setup from combinations of pressure, temperature, weight, wind load, displacement, earthquake etc. With the calculation output, the stresses in the piping system, the displacement, the loadson the support, the load on equipment nozzles etc., can bechecked.

Photo 4. Installation of 54 km 18 inch pipe, pressure rating 20 bar

5.7 Fire performanceThe fire performance requirements of the piping system shallbe determined.Fire performance is characterized in two properties:

• Fire endurance (ability to continue to perform during fire).• Fire reaction (ignition time, flame spread, smoke and heat

release, toxicity).If piping cannot satisfy the required fire properties, the following shall be considered:

• Rerouting of piping.• Use alternative materials.• Apply suitable fire-protective coating.

5.8 Static electricityThe use of a conductive piping system might be considered incase the GRP/GRE piping system is running in a hazardousarea or if the pipe is carrying fluids capable of generating electrostatic charges.


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6. Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation

6.1 IntroductionPart 4 of the ISO 14692 gives requirements and recommen-dations for fabrication, installation and operation of GRP/GRE pipe systems.

Past experience with GRP/GRE installations is that a great dealof the problems that occur are associated with bad fabricationand installation.

One of the tools to detect fabrication and installation mistakesis to hydro test the GRP/GRE pipe system. In other words: toguarantee that a GRP/GRE pipe system is fit for purpose, it iscommon practice that a GRP/GRE pipe system is hydro testedas part of the commissioning procedure.

This means that any possible problems are detected in a latephase in the project. Repairs in this late phase of the projectcan be costly and difficult due to limited access.

Photo 5. Hydro-test of spool

6.2 Fabrication and installationWhat can be done to prevent/reduce the above problem?

6.2.1 InspectionIt starts with checking the incoming goods

• Check supplied quantity.• Check nominal dimensions of supplied material• Check supplied pressures class• Perform a visual control of supplied material (transport

damage, impact)• Check if storage is correct• Check availability of documentation (packing lists,

certification)Handling and storage of the incoming goods

• Use the Ameron lifting, loading and unloading procedure.• Storage. Pay attention to the stacking of the pipe;

support width and stacking height, end protection of pipeand fittings.

• Preferably, pipes should be transported in containers orcrates.

• Pipe spools. Take care that impact damage is preventedby proper packaging and use of protection material. In allcases pipe spools should not be stacked.

• Adhesives. Check recommended storage temperatures.• O-rings, gaskets etc. shall be stored in a cool place, free

from UV radiation, chemicals etc.

6.2.2 Installer requirementsAll GRP/GRE components shall be installed by qualifiedGRP/GRE pipe fitters and thereafter approved by a qualifiedGRP/GRE piping inspector.

Definitions:Pipe fitterPerson working for a contractor who is responsible for theconstruction of the GRE pipe system. He must be able tomake the relevant joint types according Ameron procedures.This certificate can be compared to a welder’s certificate.SupervisorPerson who is responsible for the quality of the installation andis able to check the quality of the work done by the pipe fitters.This person is normally employed by the responsible contractor for example as a foreman. This certificate is a personal certificate.QA/QC InspectorPerson who is able: to check and judge the work of contractorand is able to globally verify the soundness of the installation.This includes lay-out related matters such as support construc-tion and location, flange connections etc. Can be employed byclient, contractor, third party (BV, DNV, Lloyds). This certificateis a personal certificate.

Photo 6. Typical work of a GRE pipe fitter

Training of pipe fitter• The quality of the joints is mainly dependent on craftsman-

ship of the pipe fitter. Therefore, the ISO 14692 demandsthat the qualification organization is independent of theorganization that carries out the training. In the case ofAmeron the independent organization is DNV. The trainingconsists of a theoretical and a practical part.

• The theoretical part will end with a written exam for whicha 70% pass mark is required. The practical part will endwith making a joint that will be hydro-tested according therequirements of the ISO 14692. These tests are witnessed

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by a third party. When passing both exams the pipe fitterwill receive a pipe fitter certificate issued by DNV.

• The purpose of the entire training is to teach the pipe fitterthose things he or she can have influence on.

Training of Supervisor - QA/QC inspector• Ameron and DNV are developing an individual certification

for Supervisor - QA/QC inspector based on ISO 14692requirements. Objective is to train Supervisor - QA/QCinspector on aspects like storage, inspection of pipes andfittings, supporting, jointing, hydro testing etc. etc. in sucha way, that they can act as Supervisor - QA/QC inspectoron a GRE pre-fabrication and installation job. An importantfactor is that they also learn what can go wrong. The educating company will be Ameron as they have in con-trast to most institutes a large knowledge, obtained overdecades, in this particular area. Examination committeewill be DNV. The certificate that can be obtained will be apersonal certificate.

6.2.3 Installation methodsInstallation method shall be according manufacturers approvedinstallation manual.

Supporting• Follow the installation guides from the Manufacturer.• Other guidelines not different from the Ameron procedures

are given in the ISO 14692.

InstallationGeneral requirements are given in the ISO 14692 for the installation of GRP/GRE components such as bending, bolt-torquing, tolerances, earthing of conductive piping, jointselection, quality control, etc.Most important point is that all piping shall be installed so thatthey are stress-free.

Quality program for installationThe contractor shall maintain a high level of inspection toensure compliance with all requirements. The contractor shalldesignate one individual to be responsible for quality controlthroughout the installation.Record of following items shall be made:starting and end time of the curing process; pipe fitter nr.;batch number of the adhesive and heating blanket; measuredtemperature of the heating blanket; ambient temperature, date,joint number, relative humidity.

6.2.4 System testingAll GRP/GRE piping systems shall be hydrostatically pressuretested after installation. Water shall be used as a test medium.

6.2.5 Visual inspectionVisual inspection shall be carried out of all joints and surfaces.Possible defect along with acceptance criteria and correctiveactions are given in the ISO document.

E.g.: • Impact > replace (major defect) or repair (minor defect)• Misaligned joints > replace components (major defect)

remake joint (minor defect)

Photo 7. Spool fabrication shop

6.3 Maintenance and repair

GRP/GRE pipes are generally maintenance free, but the follow-ing points shall be given attention during inspection and areaddressed in the ISO document:

- Removal of scale and blockages.- Electrical conductivity.- Surface and mechanical damage.- Chalking, ageing and erosion.- Flange cracks and leaks.

Repair shall be in accordance with manufacturers procedures.


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7. Conclusion

ISO 14692 is a worldwide accepted standard for the manufacturing, qualification, design and installation ofGlassfiber Reinforced Epoxy piping systems.When the guidelines laid down in the ISO 14692 standard arefollowed, it will result in a trouble-free GRE pipe system.

8. ISO in brief

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a globalnetwork that identifies what International Standards arerequired by business, government and society, develops themin partnership with the sectors, that will put them in use,adopts them by transparent procedures based on nationalinput and delivers them to be implemented worldwide.

ISO standards distil an international consensus from the broadest possible base of stake holder groups. Expert inputcomes from those closest to the needs for the standards andalso the results of implementing them. In this way, althoughvoluntary, ISO standards are widely respected and accepted bypublic and private sectors internationally.

ISO – a non-governmental organization, is a federation ofnational standards, bodies of over 149 countries, one percountry, from all regions of the world, including developed,developing and transitional economies.

9. References

• ISO 14692-1 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials;

• ISO 14692-2 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping Part 2: Qualification and manufacture;

• ISO 14692-3 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping Part 3: System design;

• ISO 14692-4 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation.

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10. Deviations list to the ISO quality program

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) Ameron 8.0 Quality programme for manufacture Standard8.2 Calibration Quality Control equipment:

Pressure gauges:• Accurate +/- 0,5% • Accurate +/- 0.8%• Calibration every two months

8.3.2.2 Mill hydrostatic test 5% of total production.5% of continuous production (c.p.) 1,5x Design Pressure=< 600mm 0,89 times qualified pressure> 600mm 0,75 times qualified pressureif pressure class > 32 bar = 100%

8.3.2.3 Spools frequency = 100% (if practicable) 5% (if practicable)

8.3.2.4 Retesting: by failures of one of both retested compo-nents, the whole lot to the latest successful hydrotestshall be rejected.

Only the failed components will be rejected. In case ofrejected components, 100% will be conducted until theinfected range has been determined

8.3.3 Degree of cure: DSC according to ISO 11357-2Determination of a QC baseline on base-resin or component.Frequency of 1% on c.p.

According to API 15LR.

Min. acc. = 130 / 140 dgr.C

Once per shift

8.3.4 Short-term burst test: Agreed with principal Once per three months

8.3.5 Ongoing pressure tests: yearly 6x 1000hr. test from Noneat least two product sectors

8.3.6 Glass content in accordance with ISO 1172 at a frequency of 1% of c.p.Acceptance: 70-82% for filament wound pipe

65-75% filament wound fittings50-65% hand-lay-up fittings

In accordance with ASTM-D-2584 at a frequency of once a week random two types.Acceptance: 65-77% for filament wound pipe

55-65% for filament wound fittings

The following dimensions shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D-3567 for 1% of pipe andeach fitting:a) Internal diameterb) Outside diameterc) Massd) Minimum total wall thicknesse) Reinforced wall thicknessf) Laying length

Ameron conducts 100% inspection on outside diameterof pipe. Reinforced wall thickness is automatically determined by using fixed inside diameter. All dimensionsand tolerances are in accordance with Ameron productdrawings.

8.3.7.2 Visual Inspection: Table 12 and Table A1 of annexure A van ISO 14692-4:2002

ASTM-D-2563 (visual)

8.3.7.3 The principal shall be notified of all repairs No notification

8.3.8.2&8.3.8.3


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8.3.8.4 The following dimensions shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D3567 for 1% of pipe and each fitting:a) Internal diameterb) Maximum outside diameterc) Reinforced wall thicknessd) Relevant dimensions as described figure 1e) Mass

Ameron conducts only 100% inspection on layinglengths and directions/ positions

8.3.11 Retest: by failures of one of both retested compo-nents, the whole batch to the latest successful testshall be rejected.

Only the failed components will be rejected.To avoid rejecting good products, Ameron will test allproducts to trace all infected products.

8.4.3 Records to be maintained by manufacturer:• Hydrotest reports• Dim.+Vis.+ cond. Reports• Tg • Glass content• Short term burst test report• Long term test report

Documentation available in QC/Engineering file

9.1 Markings shall be applied on the pipe and fittings within 1 m of the end.

Pipes 3 locations, Fitting one location

11.4.2 Manufacturing procedure shall be provided if requested by the principal

Not allowed by Ameron

11.4.4 Production quality control reports in acc. 8.4 shall be provided within five working days or other agreed period

Special Manufacturing Record Book

9.2 All pipe and fittings shall be permanently marked with details as in Para 9.2:a) Manufacturer’s nameb) Product line designationc) Qualified pressured) Temperature at which qualified pressure is

determined (default is 65°C).e) System design pressuref) System design temperatureg) Nominal diameterh) Manufacturer’s identification codei) Limitations or referenced to installation requirements:

permissible bolt torque, portable water (yes/no), elec-trical conductivity and fire performance classification.

Pipes and fittings will be marked with:a) Manufacturer’s nameb) Notc) Qualified pressured) Note) System design pressuref) System design temperatureg) Nominal diameterh) Manufacturer’s identification codei) Not

8.3.9 Thread dimensions N/A

8.3.10 Conductivity 105 Ω (100V) Conductivity 106 Ω (500V)


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EuropeAmeron B.V.Fiberglass-Composite Pipe P.O. Box 64190 CA GeldermalsenThe NetherlandsPhone: +31 345 587 587Fax: +31 345 587 561E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.ameron-fpg.nl

Group HeadquartersAmeron International Corporation - Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Division9720 Cypresswood Drive, Suite 325 - Houston, Texas 77070 - U.S.A.Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393E-mail: [email protected] - Website: http://www.ameron.com

AsiaAmeron (Pte) LtdNo. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3JurongSingapore 639407Phone: +65 6861 6118Fax: +65 6862 1302/6861 7834E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.ameron.com.sg

U.S.A.Centron International, Inc.P.O. Box 490600 FM 1195 SouthMineral Wells - Texas 76068U.S.A.Phone: +1 940 325 1341Fax: +1 940 325 9681E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.centrongre.com

U.S.A.Ameron International Corporation 1004 Ameron RoadP.O. Box 878Burkburnett, Texas 76364U.S.A.Phone: +1 940 569 1471Fax: +1 940 569 2764

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Quick Guide Into Iso 14692

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