Questions About Development

• Is wanting to “develop” natural,

universal?

• Does economic development lead other

kinds of development?

• Does better health care make

development a necessity?

• Does mass communication make

development a necessity?

More Questions

• Does more food?

• Does having more children?

• What about “tribes” that don’t know

about, don’t want?

• Where are your countries on World Bank

scale?

• Where are they on U.N. human

development scale?

• Is there a correlation?

How Does Development Happen?

• Exploitation of natural resources?

• Who benefits?

• Do local people share in profits?

• Who decides who benefits?

• Who adjudicates injustice?

• These are stories best told from the

bottom up.

• What do the “little” local people think?

Happening 2

• International trade, investment

• Why would capital come to a country?

• Resources? Labor? “Do-gooder?”

• Does capital help local people?

• Do local people decide how it’s spent?

• Do local people get a cut?

• How is injustice adjudicated?

• Do locals think they’re getting raw deal?

Happening 3

• Do technologies, communication

technologies affect development?

• How does technology interact with

labor?

• With natural resources?

• Do indigenous people have anything to

say about it?

• Can they say no? Do they want to?

The Value-Added Concept

• Value-add processes to make something

cheap worth more.

• Iron ore becomes iron, value added.

• Iron becomes a car, value added.

• Cheaper labor, more profit-value added.

• Concept of “import substitution.”

• Value-add is development?

• Is value-add a tradeoff for someone?

Cheap Labor as Value-Add

• Fire the American iron workers, hire the

Korean ironworkers.

• Cheaper iron, better value-add.

• What happens to the Americans?

• Fire the Koreans, hire the Chinese?

• Fire the Chinese, hire the Martians?

• Companies benefit; do workers?

• Do nations, in terms of development?

Corporate Responsibility

• Do companies have responsibilities

beyond profits, shareholders?

• What about laborers left behind?

• What about locals who don’t share in

profits?

• What about environmental and other

“externalities?”

• Who defines corporate responsibility?

Development=Protectionism?

• As developing nations add more value,

they compete with “developed” nations.

• Developed nations’ political systems

react with “buy American” type stuff.

• As developing resources are plundered,

Chavez types seize businesses.

• Are national governments screwing up

global development?

Government Roles

• Some “guide” development (China,

Singapore)

• Some undevelop (Sudan, Zimbabwe)

• Some nationalize everything (Bolivia,

Venezuela)

• Some let corporations run amok (U.S.A., much of Western Europe)

• Multinationals get leftovers—not

effective so far: $100 billion!