Questionnaire - languageandresearch.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Questionnaire 1. Drafting the...
Transcript of Questionnaire - languageandresearch.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Questionnaire 1. Drafting the...
QuestionnaireBy
Dr. Arlene S. Opina
Constructing the Survey
•Constructing a survey instrument is an art in itself. There are numerous small decisions that must be made –
•content, wording, format, placement
Characteristics of a good Research Instrument
1. Valid and reliable1. Valid - collects data from true respondents and gather adequate
information to complete the study
2. Reliable - yields the same result if administered to the same subjects twice under any condition
2. Based on conceptual framework
3. Suitable and relevant to research topic
4. Test the hypotheses or questions under investigation
5. Free from bias
6. Questions must be unequivocal (exact)
7. Accompanied by cordial and polite cover letter
Questionnaire
1. Drafting the questionnaire
2. Validating the questionnaire by experts
3. Pretesting the questionnaire
4. Revising the questionnaire
Types of questions according to form
1. Open ended - Free-Answer type
2. Closed or Restricted - Guided Responses type 1. Recall type
2. Recognition type
3. Multiple choice or response
Types of questions according to kind of data asked for
1. Descriptive
2. Quantified
3. Intensity of feeling, emotion, or attitude
4. Degree of judgment
5. Understanding
6. Reasoning
Types of Questions•Unstructured Response Formats• Dichotomous Questions
Questions Based on Level of Measurement
• We can also classify questions in terms of their level of measurement
• we might measure occupation using a nominal question.
Questions Based on Level of Measurement
• We might ask respondents to rank order their preferences for presidential candidates using an ordinal question:
Rensis Likert ['lick-urt' with a short "i" sound]
• Born: August 5, 1903
• Birthplace: Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA
• Death: September 3, 1981
Rensis Likert
• The 5-point Likert Scale would eventuallybecome Likert's best-known work.
• Likert was known for his support ofinterdisciplinary collaborations.
• American educator and organizational psychologist best known for his research on management styles.
• His key work is the identification of different management/leadership styles (4S Model).
Questions Based on Level of Measurement
• We can also construct survey questions that attempt to measure on an interval level.
• Likert response scale
Six-point Likert Scale
6 5 4 3 2 1
Strongly
Agree
Agree Slightly
Agree
Slightly
Disagree
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Five-point Likert Scale
5 4 3 2 1
Strongly
Agree
Agree Fairly
Agree
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Very
Serious
Serious Fairly
Serious
Not
Serious
Not a
Problem
Very
Adequate
Adequate Fairly
Adequate
Inadequate Very
inadequate
Five-Point Likert Scale
5 4 3 2 1
Extremely
Aware
Moderately
Aware
Somewhat
Aware
Slightly
Aware
Not at all
Aware
Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never
To a very
Large
Extent
To a Large
Extent
To a
Moderate
Extent
To a
least
Extent
Needs
Improvement
4 3 2 1
Very
comfortable
Fairly
comfortable
Little
comfortable
Not at all
comfortable
Confident Partially
Confident
Not
Confident
I don’t know
Self-
Management
Integration
Level
Mastery
Level
Acquisition
Level
Proficient Comfortable Novice Never Used
4 3 2 1
Extreme
Barrier
Moderate
Barrier
Somewhat
of a Barrier
Not a
Barrier
Advanced Proficient Developing beginner
Highly
Influenced
Influenced Less
Influenced
No
Influence
Always Sometimes Rarely Never
Questions Based on Level of Measurement• Another interval question uses an approach called the semantic
differential. Here, an object is assessed by the respondent on a set of bipolar adjective pairs (using 5-point rating scale):
Questions Based on Level of Measurement• Finally, we can also get at interval measures by using what is called a
cumulative or Guttman scale
Filter or Contingency Questions
Unstructured Response Formats
Generally, it's written text. If the respondent (or interviewer)
writes down text as the response, you've got an unstructured
response format. These can vary from short comment boxes
to the transcript of an interview.
Ex. Please add any other comments: