Question of the Day
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Transcript of Question of the Day
Question of the Day
Move one matchstick to produce a square
Question of the Day
Move one matchstick to produce a square
LECTURE 19:GENERIC TYPES
CSC 212 – Data Structures
Generic Types
Starting with 1.5 release, Java uses generics
Include type parameters in class definition Like methods, parameters can change each
time Fields independent of types can now be
written
Generic Types
On allocating instance, actual type is specified Must be reference type or String as actual
type Code runs as if were written using that type Type used by instance cannot be changed Type parameter becomes part of variable’s
type
Generics Before & After
Before Generics After Genericspublic class ONode {private Object data;ONode(Object d) { data = d;}Object getData() { return data;}void setData(Object d){ data = d;}
}
public class Node<T> {private T data;public Node(T d) { data = d;}T getData() { return data;}void setData(T d){ data = d;}
}
public class Bag<T, String> {private T data;private String name;
public Bag(T d, String newName) { data = d; name = newName;}
public T getData() { return data; }
public void setData(T d){ data = d; }
public String toString() { return name + “: ” + data.toString();}
}
Writing Generics
public class Bag<T, String> {private T data;private String name;
public Bag(T d, String newName) { data = d; name = newName;}
public T getData() { return data; }
public void setData(T d){ data = d; }
public String toString() { return name + “: ” + data.toString();}
}
Writing Generics
public class Bag<T, String> {private T data;private String name;
public Bag(T d, String newName) { data = d; name = newName;}
public T getData() { return data; }
public void setData(T d){ data = d; }
public String toString() { return name + “: ” + data.toString();}
}
Writing Generics
public class Bag<T> {private T data;private String name;
public Bag(T d, String newName) { data = d; name = newName;}
public T getData() { return data; }
public void setData(T d){ data = d; }
public String toString() { return name + “: ” + data.toString();}
}
Writing Generics
Bag<Integer> earth = new Bag<Integer>(4, “The Answer”);public class Bag<T> {
private T data;private String name;
public Bag(T d, String newName) { data = d; name = newName;}
public T getData() { return data; }
public void setData(T d){ data = d; }
public String toString() { return name + “: ” + data.toString();}
}
See Generics Behave
Bag<Integer> earth = new Bag<Integer>(4, “The Answer”);public class Bag {
private Integer data;private String name;
public Bag(Integer d, String newName) { data = d; name = newName;}
public Integer getData() { return data; }
public void setData(Integer d){ data = d; }
public String toString() { return name + “: ” + data.toString();}
}
See Generics Behave
For earth, class written as if T were replaced by Integer
Bag<Car> matchbox = new Bag<Car>(Z4, “Dream”);public class Bag<T> {
private T data;private String name;
public Bag(T d, String newName) { data = d; name = newName;}
public T getData() { return data; }
public void setData(T d){ data = d; }
public String toString() { return name + “: ” + data.toString();}
}
See Generics Behave
Bag<Car> matchbox = new Bag<Car>(Z4, “Dream”);public class Bag {
private Car data;private String name;
public Bag(Car d, String newName) { data = d; name = newName;}
public Car getData() { return data; }
public void setData(Car d){ data = d; }
public String toString() { return name + “: ” + data.toString();}
}
See Generics Behave
For matchbox, T is Car
This can be at same time T is Integer when for earth
Using Generics
Without Generics With GenericsInteger i;Car c;Bag n;
...
n = new Bag(5,“B”);i = ((Integer)n.getData());c = ((Car)n.getData());
n.setData(c);
i = ((Integer)n.getData()); c = ((Car)n.getData());
Integer i;Car c;Bag<Integer> n;Bag<Car> m;
...
n = new Bag<Integer>(5,“B”);i = n.getData();c = n.getData();
n.setData(c);m = new Bag<Car>(c, “B”);
i = m.getData();c = m.getData();
Using Generics
Without Generics With GenericsInteger i;Car c;Bag n;
...
n = new Bag(5,“B”);i = ((Integer)n.getData());c = ((Car)n.getData());
n.setData(c);
i = ((Integer)n.getData()); c = ((Car)n.getData());
Integer i;Car c;Bag<Integer> n;Bag<Car> m;
...
n = new Bag<Integer>(5,“B”);i = n.getData();c = n.getData();
n.setData(c);m = new Bag<Car>(c, “B”);
i = m.getData();c = m.getData();
Using Generics
Without Generics With GenericsInteger i;Car c;Bag n;
...
n = new Bag(5,“B”);i = ((Integer)n.getData());c = ((Car)n.getData());
n.setData(c);
i = ((Integer)n.getData()); c = ((Car)n.getData());
Integer i;Car c;Bag<Integer> n;Bag<Car> m;
...
n = new Bag<Integer>(5,“B”);i = n.getData();c = n.getData();
n.setData(c);m = new Bag<Car>(c, “B”);
i = m.getData();c = m.getData();
Using Generics
Without Generics With GenericsInteger i;Car c;Bag n;
...
n = new Bag(5,“B”);i = ((Integer)n.getData());c = ((Car)n.getData());
n.setData(c);
i = ((Integer)n.getData()); c = ((Car)n.getData());
Integer i;Car c;Bag<Integer> n;Bag<Car> m;
...
n = new Bag<Integer>(5,“B”);i = n.getData();c = n.getData();
n.setData(c);m = new Bag<Car>(c, “B”);
i = m.getData();c = m.getData();
Using Generics
Without Generics With GenericsInteger i;Car c;Bag n;
...
n = new Bag(5,“B”);i = ((Integer)n.getData());c = ((Car)n.getData());
n.setData(c);
i = ((Integer)n.getData()); c = ((Car)n.getData());
Integer i;Car c;Bag<Integer> n;Bag<Car> m;
...
n = new Bag<Integer>(5,“B”);i = n.getData();c = n.getData();
n.setData(c);m = new Bag<Car>(c, “B”);
i = m.getData();c = m.getData();
Using Generics
Without Generics With GenericsInteger i;Car c;Bag n;
...
n = new Bag(5,“B”);i = ((Integer)n.getData());c = ((Car)n.getData());
n.setData(c);
i = ((Integer)n.getData()); c = ((Car)n.getData());
Integer i;Car c;Bag<Integer> n;Bag<Car> m;
...
n = new Bag<Integer>(5,“B”);i = n.getData();c = n.getData();
n.setData(c);m = new Bag<Car>(c, “B”);
i = m.getData();c = m.getData();
Using Generics
Without Generics With GenericsInteger i;Car c;Bag n;
...
n = new Bag(5,“B”);i = ((Integer)n.getData());c = ((Car)n.getData());
n.setData(c);
i = ((Integer)n.getData()); c = ((Car)n.getData());
Integer i;Car c;Bag<Integer> n;Bag<Car> m;
...
n = new Bag<Integer>(5,“B”);i = n.getData();c = n.getData();
n.setData(c);m = new Bag<Car>(c, “B”);
i = m.getData();c = m.getData();
public class Entry<MONKEY, TYPE> { private MONKEY key; private TYPE value; // And more goes here...
}Entry<String, Integer> a;Entry<String> b;Entry<String, String> c;Entry<String, boolean> d;Entry<Car, Boolean> e;
Can Use Multiple Generic Types
public class Entry<MONKEY, TYPE> { private MONKEY key; private TYPE value; // And more goes here...
}Entry<String, Integer> a;Entry<String> b; Did not specify for each typeEntry<String, String> c;Entry<String, boolean> d;Entry<Car, Boolean> e;
Can Use Multiple Generic Types
public class Entry<MONKEY, TYPE> { private MONKEY key; private TYPE value; // And more goes here...
}Entry<String, Integer> a;Entry<String> b; Did not specify for each typeEntry<String, String> c;Entry<String, boolean> d; Not reference typeEntry<Car, Boolean> e;
Can Use Multiple Generic Types
When To Specify Type
Whenever class name used (except constructors) Variable declarations:Stack<Integer> hogCount;
Object instantiation:hogCount = new ArrayStack<Double>();
Return type for method :private Stack<Pig> transport()
Parameter listing:public void cook(Stack<Meat> fd)
Used as type parameter:Stack<Stack<Meat>> bacon;
Type cannot be specified instantiating array Compiler error if type specified during
instantiation Can provide type theory explaining this
problem
Generics Annoyance
Type cannot be specified instantiating array
Can use generics with arrays, but need typecast Only needed once, use generics after instantiation Still checks when compiling, so get most benefits
public class Farm<T> { private ArrayList<Feed>[] troughs; private T[] animals; public Farm() { troughs = (ArrayList<Feed>[])new ArrayList[10]; animals = (T[])new Object[1034821]; }}
Generics Annoyance
Single method or class may not care about type Different than using typecasts to get to
work Only will work if does not need to
instantiate object Do not skip specifying type -- that is BAD
IDEA™ Instead use the generic wildcard ?
In Case of Unknown Type
Single method or class may not care about type Different than using typecasts to get to
work Only will work if does not need to
instantiate object Do not skip specifying type -- that is BAD
IDEA™ Instead use the generic wildcard ?
In Case of Unknown Type
Wildcard in Generic
public class StackHolder {private Stack<?> myStack; public void setStack(Stack<?> lst){myStack = lst;}
public void printStackSize() {System.out.println(myStack.size());}
public Stack<?> getStack() {return myStack;}
}
Wildcard in Generic
public class StackHolder {private Stack<?> myStack; public void setStack(Stack<?> lst){myStack = lst;}
public void printStackSize() {System.out.println(myStack.size());}
public Stack<?> getStack() {return myStack;}
}
? matches any reference type(and String)
Wildcard in Generic
public class StackHolder {private Stack<?> myStack; public void setStack(Stack<?> lst){myStack = lst;}
public void printStackSize() {System.out.println(myStack.size());}
public Stack<?> getStack() {return myStack;}
}
Any Stack can be passed in for lst
Wildcard in Generic
public class StackHolder {private Stack<?> myStack; public void setStack(Stack<?> lst){myStack = lst;}
public void printStackSize() {System.out.println(myStack.size());}
public Stack<?> getStack() {return myStack;}
}
Can call methods as long asmissing type not important
Wildcard in Generic
public class StackHolder {private Stack<?> myStack; public void setStack(Stack<?> lst){myStack = lst;}
public void printStackSize() {System.out.println(myStack.size());}
public Stack<?> getStack() {return myStack;}
}
Legal, but yucky. All type information is lost!
Typecasting Explained
Typecasting Explained
99% of typecasts are incorrect 90% fix missing generic type specification
on variable Eclipse “Quick-Fix” on illegal code is 9% 0.95% instantiate arrays of generic type When using interfaces in an ADT is 0.05%
Typecasting Explained
Your Turn
Get into your groups and complete activity
For Next Lecture
Week#7 assignment due Wednesday Extra day given to you, since no classes on
Tuesday Help still available Tuesday; I will be in my
office Project #1 available from Angel; due in
2.5 weeks Based on time give, assume it to takes
much longer Do not wait until last second; cannot be
done in 1 hour Bring calendar Friday; will sign up for
templates Worth 8% of final grade, so need to do good
job