Question answering in linked data
-
Upload
reza-ramezani -
Category
Documents
-
view
78 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Question answering in linked data
![Page 1: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
پاسخگویی به سوال در داده های پیوندی
دکتر محمدحسین سراییاستاد راهنما: رضا رمضانی
Question Answering in Linked Data
1390پاییز
ج(ات نک1م و( الذین( او1توالع-لم د(ر( ا م- نو1 ی(رفع1 الله( الذین( آم(
دانشکده برق و کامپیوتر – دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
![Page 2: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
QALD
Question Answering over
Linked Data
2
![Page 3: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Web of Documents
Traditional Web, Hypertext WebAnalogy
A global file systemDesigned for
Human consumptionPrimary objects
DocumentsLinks
Untyped Between documents (or parts of documents)
Degree of structure in object Fairy low
Semantics of content and links implicit
3
![Page 4: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Web of Documents
4
![Page 5: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Web of Data
AnalogyA global data space
Designed forMachines first, humans later
Primary objectsThings (description of things)
LinksTypedBetween things
Degree of structure in objectsHigh
Semantic of content and linksExplicit
5
![Page 6: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Web of Linked Data
6
![Page 7: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Linked Data
• Is about using the Web to create typed links between data from different sources
• Refers to data published on the Web in such a way that– It is machine-readable– Its meaning is explicitly defined– It is linked to other datasets– It can be linked to from external datasets
7
![Page 8: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Properties of the Web of Data
• It is generic– Can contain any type of data• Data about anything
– Anyone can publish data– No constraints on choice of vocabularies– entities are connected by RDF links
8
![Page 9: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A Taste of Linked Data
9
![Page 10: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A Taste of Linked Data (Cont.)
10
![Page 11: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Linked Data Technology Stack
URI
HTTPRDFS / OWL
RDF / RDF Links
11
![Page 12: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ontology , RDF
• Ontology provides a means to vocabularies and link’s semantics on linked data.
• RDF provides a generic, graph-based data model to structure and link data that describes things
• A triple [subject, predicate, object]– Subject: a URI– Predicate: a URI– Object: a URI or a string literal
12
![Page 13: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
LOD Cloud : May 2007
13
![Page 14: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LOD Cloud : July 2007
14
![Page 15: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
LOD Cloud : August 2007
15
![Page 16: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LOD Cloud : November 2007
16
![Page 17: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LOD Cloud : February 2008
17
![Page 18: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LOD Cloud : March 2009
18
![Page 19: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LOD Cloud : July 2009
19
![Page 20: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LOD Cloud : September 2010
20
![Page 21: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
LOD Cloud : September 2011
21
![Page 22: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Retrieval Process
22
• a) Query construction• b) Search algorithm of the system• c) Presentation of the results
Search EnginesQuery A lot of related Web Pages
QA SystemsQuestion Exact Answer
![Page 23: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Retrieval Process (Cont.)
23
Query Analyzer
Query
A lot ofWeb Pages
WWW
Crawler
RequestWeb Pages
IndexFile
Indexer
Web Pages
Index TermsSearch
Ranking
Results DocDatastore
Web Pages
UI
Query
Ranked Results
Web Pages
• Traditional SE
![Page 24: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Some Problems
24
• Information search with search engines
![Page 25: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Therefore, what is needed?
25
• Assign meta data to information objects• Content description with concepts and relations between
them• Provision of background knowledge• Provision of the semantics of relations for query
extension, ontology integration, etc.
RDF
RDF Schema, OWL, Rules
![Page 26: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Question Answering
• Question answering (QA) systems take users’ natural language questions and automatically locate answers from large collections of documents.
• Two types of QA systems– Closed-Domain (or restricted domain) Question Answering– Open-Domain Question Answering
![Page 27: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Question Answering (Cont.)
• Open Domain QA System
Question Analysis
Answer Selection
Question Query
AnswerType
Documents
Answer (s)
Question
Answer (s)
UI
Document Analysis
Passages
Document RetrievalSystems
Document Retrieval
Open DomainOntology
![Page 28: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Question Answering (Cont.)
• Restricted Domain QA System
Question Analysis
AnswerPost Processing
Question Query
Answer (s)
Question
Answer (s)
UI
AnswerRetrieval
Answer (s)
Data
Open DomainOntology
Lexicon
DomainOntology
Knowledge Base
![Page 29: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Related Works
• AquaLog – Vanessa Lopez, Victoria Uren, Enrico Motta, Michele Pasin.
• PowerAqua– Vanessa Lopez, Andriy Nikolov, Marta Sabou, Victoria Uren, Enrico Motta,
Mathieu d’Aquin
• QASYO– for YAGO Ontology
• AutoSPARQL
29
![Page 30: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
FREyA Algorithm
30
![Page 31: Question answering in linked data](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081518/54bdd8c54a79599e4c8b45a6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Questions?
31
وب معنایی، وب فرداسراسCر تکامCل بشCر بCه دلیCل خیCال پCردازی وی بCوده اسCت. آنچCه دیCروز یCک رویCا بCود؛ امCروز یCک واقعیت اسCت و آنچCه امCروز یCک خواهCCد واقعیت بCCه فCCردا رویاسCCت؛
پیوست... ا-شل
با تشکر از توجه شما!Email: [email protected]