Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · 2019. 6. 29. · Consumer price...

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Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana February, 2013 – Issue N° 2 ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 1 Economic GDP growth accelerated 8 percent in 2012, against 3.9 percent growth in 2011. Growth is projected to expand 8.2 percent in 2013 before stabilizing at 7.8 percent in 2014. Consumer price inflation decelerated to 8.9 percent in January, 2013 reaching an historic low level for the first time in a decade. This was due to stable exchange rate and fuel subsidies. Regarding Monetary Policy, the Central Bank of Angola lowered its reference lending interest rate by 25 percentage points to 10 percent in January, 2013 while the absorption capacity rate stood at historical low level of 1.5 percent. This was followed by a slight decline in commercial bank’s lending interest rates by 2 percentage points but the spread between lending and borrowing interest rates remains relatively significant (about 7 percentage points). Meanwhile, the BNA’s bill interest rate for 63-days maturity increased from 3.76 in October, 2012 to 4.12 percent in December, 2012. Domestic currency exchange rate continued to record significant stability against the US dollar and the Euro closing the month of December at levels of AKz/USD 95.8 and AKz/EUR 126.38 respectively as a result of strong composition of foreign reserves and prudent monetary policy. Net international reserves recorded a new historic high, at a balance of USD 30.6 billion, which represents an import cover ratio of 7 months. Trade balance improved to a surplus of USD 11.7 billion in December, 2012 up from USD 9.1 billion in the similar period of 2011 driven by rising oil exports. Fiscal balance registered a surplus of 8.8 percent of GDP in 2012 but is expected to record a deficit of 3.4 percent of GDP in 2013 (about 4.2 billion). This will be driven by the anticipated expenditures with infrastructure projects and quasi-fiscal operations. Public external debt dropped to 19.5 percent of GDP by the end of December, 2012, compared to 22 percent of GDP in 2010. External debt remains manageable, with debt-to-exports ratio currently standing at 32.4 percent of GDP well below the IMF threshold of 150 percent. For 2013, the Government plans to borrow USD 5.9 billion to cover the fiscal deficit. This amount will be raised through issuance of 20-years Treasury Bills in an amount AKz 48,150 million (about USD 502 million), sovereign bonds denominated “Eurobonds” in an amount of USD 1 billion and traditional lines of credit for exports and public investment programs. Key highlights of this report This report is the second of a series of Economic Quarterly Reviews by the African Development Bank’s Country Office in Angola. It covers Angola’s economic performance up to January, 2013 based on data available at the time of its publication. The report comprises the following sections: 1. Global Economic Trends ………………………...3 2. Angola: Economic Climate Indicators…….......3 3. Macroeconomic developments………………….7 3.1. Economic Growth…………………………….7 3.2. Inflation trends……………………………….8 3.3. Interest rate developments…………………9 3.4. Foreign exchange market………………….10 4. Banking sector and monetary developments.11 5. Fiscal performance………………………………12 6. External sector developments…………………13 Disclaimer: This research report is produced by the African Development Bank (AfDB), Angola Field Office (AOFO). The report is based on information from AfDB Group believes to be reliable. Whilst every care has been taken in preparing this document, no research analyst or member of the AfDB gives any representation, warranty or undertaking and accepts responsibility or liability as to the accuracy or completeness of the information set out in this document. Comments on this report should be directed Septime Martin, Resident Representative, Angola Field Office (email: [email protected]) with copy to Joel D. Muzima, Principal Country Economist AOFO (email: [email protected]). Este documento foi preparado pelo Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAD), Escritório Local de Angola (AOFO) com base em informação de fontes que o Grupo Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAD) acredita e são confiáveis. Apesar de todo o cuidado ter sido tomado na elaboração deste documento, nenhum analista ou membro do Grupo BAD fornece qualquer garantia ou aceita qualquer responsabilidade sobre a informação contida neste documento. Comentários sobre este relatório devem ser encaminhados a Septime Martin, Representante Residente, Escritório Local de Angola (email: [email protected]) com conhecimento de Joel D. Muzima, Economista Principal do País, AOFO (email: [email protected]). Contents

Transcript of Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · 2019. 6. 29. · Consumer price...

Page 1: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · 2019. 6. 29. · Consumer price inflation decelerated to 8.9 percent in January, 2013 reaching an historic low level

Quarterly Economic Bulletin

Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana February, 2013 – Issue N° 2

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 1

Economic GDP growth accelerated 8 percent in 2012,

against 3.9 percent growth in 2011. Growth is projected to

expand 8.2 percent in 2013 before stabilizing at 7.8 percent in

2014.

Consumer price inflation decelerated to 8.9 percent in

January, 2013 reaching an historic low level for the first time

in a decade. This was due to stable exchange rate and fuel

subsidies.

Regarding Monetary Policy, the Central Bank of Angola

lowered its reference lending interest rate by 25 percentage

points to 10 percent in January, 2013 while the absorption

capacity rate stood at historical low level of 1.5 percent. This

was followed by a slight decline in commercial bank’s lending

interest rates by 2 percentage points but the spread between

lending and borrowing interest rates remains relatively

significant (about 7 percentage points). Meanwhile, the BNA’s

bill interest rate for 63-days maturity increased from 3.76 in

October, 2012 to 4.12 percent in December, 2012.

Domestic currency exchange rate continued to record

significant stability against the US dollar and the Euro closing

the month of December at levels of AKz/USD 95.8 and

AKz/EUR 126.38 respectively as a result of strong composition

of foreign reserves and prudent monetary policy.

Net international reserves recorded a new historic high, at

a balance of USD 30.6 billion, which represents an import

cover ratio of 7 months.

Trade balance improved to a surplus of USD 11.7 billion in

December, 2012 up from USD 9.1 billion in the similar period

of 2011 driven by rising oil exports.

Fiscal balance registered a surplus of 8.8 percent of GDP

in 2012 but is expected to record a deficit of 3.4 percent of GDP

in 2013 (about 4.2 billion). This will be driven by the

anticipated expenditures with infrastructure projects and

quasi-fiscal operations.

Public external debt dropped to 19.5 percent of GDP by the

end of December, 2012, compared to 22 percent of GDP in

2010. External debt remains manageable, with debt-to-exports

ratio currently standing at 32.4 percent of GDP well below the

IMF threshold of 150 percent.

For 2013, the Government plans to borrow USD 5.9 billion

to cover the fiscal deficit. This amount will be raised through

issuance of 20-years Treasury Bills in an amount AKz 48,150

million (about USD 502 million), sovereign bonds denominated

“Eurobonds” in an amount of USD 1 billion and traditional

lines of credit for exports and public investment programs.

Key highlights of this report

This report is the second of a series of Economic

Quarterly Reviews by the African Development Bank’s

Country Office in Angola. It covers Angola’s economic

performance up to January, 2013 based on data

available at the time of its publication. The report

comprises the following sections:

1. Global Economic Trends ………………………...3

2. Angola: Economic Climate Indicators…….......3

3. Macroeconomic developments………………….7

3.1. Economic Growth…………………………….7

3.2. Inflation trends……………………………….8

3.3. Interest rate developments…………………9

3.4. Foreign exchange market………………….10

4. Banking sector and monetary developments.11

5. Fiscal performance………………………………12

6. External sector developments…………………13

Disclaimer: This research report is produced by the African

Development Bank (AfDB), Angola Field Office

(AOFO). The report is based on information from AfDB

Group believes to be reliable. Whilst every care has

been taken in preparing this document, no research

analyst or member of the AfDB gives any

representation, warranty or undertaking and accepts

responsibility or liability as to the accuracy or

completeness of the information set out in this

document. Comments on this report should be directed

Septime Martin, Resident Representative, Angola Field

Office (email: [email protected]) with copy to Joel D.

Muzima, Principal Country Economist AOFO (email:

[email protected]).

Este documento foi preparado pelo Banco Africano de

Desenvolvimento (BAD), Escritório Local de Angola

(AOFO) com base em informação de fontes que o Grupo

Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAD) acredita e

são confiáveis. Apesar de todo o cuidado ter sido

tomado na elaboração deste documento, nenhum

analista ou membro do Grupo BAD fornece qualquer

garantia ou aceita qualquer responsabilidade sobre a

informação contida neste documento. Comentários

sobre este relatório devem ser encaminhados a Septime

Martin, Representante Residente, Escritório Local de

Angola (email: [email protected]) com conhecimento

de Joel D. Muzima, Economista Principal do País,

AOFO (email: [email protected]).

Contents

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Executive summary

The Angolan economy rebounded strongly after

several years of low growth attributed to the lingering

effects of the global financial crisis. Real gross

domestic product (GDP) grew at an estimated rate of 8

percent (up from 3.9 percent in 2011) on account of

strong performance of energy, transportation and

construction sectors. Year-on-year inflation declined

from 11.4 percent in 2011 to 9.02 percent in December,

2012, helped by a stable exchange rate and fuel price

subsidies, and reached unprecedented single-digit

values for the first time in a decade.

The implementation of the 2009–2012 Stand-By

Arrangement (SBA) Program of the International

Monetary Fund (IMF) helped the country to regain

macroeconomic stability, achieve an improved fiscal

position, more comfortable level of international

reserves, stable exchange rate, and lower inflation.

Furthermore, large domestic arrears were settled, and

progress was made in strengthening fiscal

transparency and accountability. However, the

country continues to face massive developmental

policy challenges including the reduction of the

dependency on oil, the diversification of the economy,

the rebuilding of the economic and social

infrastructure, the improvement of the institutional

capacity, governance, public financial management

systems, human development and living conditions of

the population. These factors are constraining the pace

of diversification of the economy and prevent small

and medium enterprises development and job creation.

Unemployment remains significant at about 25

percent, and poverty incidence remains high at 36.6

percent of the population.

The outlook for 2013 and 2014 remains positive, with

economic growth projected to reach at 8.2 percent and

7.8 percent, respectively. This will be driven by a

combination of continued output expansion in the oil

and gas sectors and a public expenditure program

designed to encourage economic diversification. The

energy, transportation, and construction sectors are

likely to benefit from a gradual scaling up of public

investment programs. However, agricultural output

and food prices are affected by a drought.

Sumário Executivo

A economia Angolana recuperou fortemente após

vários anos de lento crescimento atribuido aos efeitos

persistentes da crise financeira global. O Produto

Interno Bruto (PIB) real cresceu a uma taxa estimada

de 8 por cento (contra os 3.9 por cento registados em

2011) como resultado do forte desempenho do sectores

da energia, transportes e construção. A inflação anual

reduziu de 11.4 por cento em 2011 para 9.02 por cento

em Dezembro de 2012, devido à estabilidade cambial e

o efeito dos subsídios aos combustíveis, tendo

alcançado um nível sem precedentes de um-dígito, pela

primeira vez em uma década.

A implementação do programa Stand-By Arrangement

(SBA) de 2009-2012 do Fundo Monetário Internacional

(FMI) ajudou o país a recuperar a estabilidade

macroeconómica, permitiu uma melhoria na sua

posição fiscal, um nível confortável de reservas

internacionais, uma maior estabilidade cambial e

baixa taxa de inflação. Por outro lado, elevados

montantes de pagamentos em atraso foram

regularizados, e registaram-se progressos no

fortalecimento da transparência e responsabilidade

fiscal. Contudo, o país ainda enfrenta sérios desafios

no seu desenvolvimento, que incluem a redução da

dependência no sector petrolífero, dibersificação da

economia, reconstrução da infra-estrutura económica e

social, melhoria da capacidade instituicional,

governação, sistemas de gestão das finanças públicas,

desenvolvimento humano e melhoria das condições de

vida das populações. Estes factores tem estado a

constrangir o ritmo de diversificação da economia e

tem inibido o desenvolvimento das pequenas e médias

empresas incluindo a criação de emprego. O

desemprego ainda é significativo em cerca de 25 por

cento, e a incidência da pobreza ainda é elevada,

situando-se em 36.6 por cento da população.

As perspectivas para 2013 e 2014 são favoráveis, e

projecta-se que o crescimento económico irá alcançar

8.2 por cento e 7.8 por cento, respectivamente. Este

desempenho será influenciado por uma combinação da

expansão contínua da produção nos sectores

petrolíferos e do gás e bem como a implementação do

programa de investimento público designado a

promover a diversificação da economia. Os sectores da

energia, transporte e construção poderão se beneficiar

mais da expansão fiscal em investimentos públicos.

Contudo, a seca irá afectar negativamente a produção

agrícola e os preços dos alimentos.

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1. Global Economic Trends

Global financial conditions improved further in the

fourth quarter of 2012 although a broad set of

indicators for global industrial production and trade

still suggest that growth did not strengthen further.

The economic activity in the Euro area was softer than

expected. In China, growth will average 8.2 percent in

2013, but it will require continued progress with

market-oriented structural reforms and the

rebalancing of the economy more toward private

consumption. The January, 2013 World Economic

Outlook report by the IMF projects that the global

economy will grow 3.5 percent in 2013, up 0.2

percentage points from the October, 2012 forecast and

4.1 percent in 2014, 0.5 percentage points higher than

initially projected. Growth in the United States is

forecasted to average 2 percent in 2013 and 3 percent

in 2014. In some emerging economies (Brazil and

India), growth has been hampered by supply

bottlenecks and policy uncertainty but is expected to

reach 5.5 percent in 2013.

Figure 1: Global GDP growth (annual percent change)

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook

Growth prospects for Angola are positive well above

emerging economies, and only being surpassed by

China (Figure 1). In 2013, output is expected to

remain high due to strong performance of the non-oil

sector, but the downside risks of oil price decline

should be closely monitored.

2. Angola: Economic Climate Indicators

The National Institute of Statistics (INE) economic

confidence index based on qualitative responses from

631 firms distributed by 6 sectors (extractive

industries, manufacturing, construction, trade,

tourism and transport) shows that during the fourth

quarter of 2012, the global economic confidence in

Angola maintained an upward trend owing to good

prospects regarding total output and employment in

the economy.

1. Tendências da Economia Global

A situação financeira global melhorou

substancialmente durante o quarto trimestre de 2012

embora o indicadores da produção industrial global e

do comércio continuem a sugerir um fraco

desempenho. A actividade económica na zona Euro

esteve abaixo das expectativas. Na China, espera-se

que o crescimento económico se situe em 8.2 por cento

em 2013, contudo tal irá requerer um progresso

contínuo na implementação de reformas de

ajustamento estrutural e orientadas para o

desenvolvimento dos mercados e bem como o re-

balanceamento da economia com vista a incentivar o

consumo privado. As previsões do FMI sobre as

perspectivas da economia mundial publicadas em

Janeiro de 2013 projectam que a economia hlobal irá

crescer em 3.5 por cento em 2013, 0.2 pontos

percentuais acima das últimas previsões de Outubro

de 2012 e irá alcançar 4.1 por cento em 2014, cerca de

0.5 pontos percentuais acima das previsões inciais. O

crescimento económico nos EUA está previsto situar-se

numa média de 2 por cento em 2013 e 3 por cento em

2014. Algumas economias emergentes (Brasil e India),

o crescimento económico tem sido afectado por

insuficiências do lado da oferta e bem como a incerteza

política, mas espera-se que o mesmo alcance 5.5 por

cento em 2013.

As perspectivas de crescimento da economia angolana

são positivas com o crescimento do produto interno

bruto (PIB) a situar-se acima do nível das economias

emergentes, sendo apenas superado pela China

(Figura 1). Em 2013, espera-se que o PIB mantenha-se

elevado devido ao forte desempenho do sector não-

petrolífero, mas os riscos derivados da baixa dos preços

de petróleo devem ser monitorados devidamente.

2. Angola: Indicadores de Confiança

Económica

O indice de confiança económica publicado pelo

Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), baseado em

respostas qualitativas de 631 firmas distribuídas por 6

sectores (indústria extractiva, industria

transformadora, construção, comércio, turismo e

transporte) mostra que durante o segundo trimestre

de 2012, o indicador de confiança económica global em

Angola manteve a estabilidade iniciada no período

homólogo de 2011, mas permaneceu abaixo da média

da série.

Os sectores da indústria extractiva, manufactura,

tarnsportes e comércio mostraram uma evolução

positiva nos seus indicadores de confiança económica

0

5

10

15

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

GD

P g

row

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World AngolaEmerging Economies ChinaUSA Sub-Saharan Africa

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 3

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The extractive industries, manufacturing, transport

and trade sectors displayed a positive economic

confidence driven by the following factors: ongoing

investments for future exploration of deep water crude

oil and natural gas, rising stocks in trade and

manufacturing sectors and good employment prospects

in transport sector. In the medium term, economic

confidence is expected to improve in the construction

sector as the government implements its public

investment program to close the country’s

infrastructure gap. In addition, the recent signing by

ANIP (National Agency for Private Investment) of 6

infrastructure investment contracts worth USD 13.5

million will further improve the economic confidence

in construction and service sectors.

Figure 2: Angola’s Economic Climate Indicators

áreas da indústria alimentar, construção civil e

prestação de serviços. motivado pelos investimentos nas estradas e

reabilitação das linhas férreas. No sentido inverso, o

clima de confiança económico manteve-se desfavorável

influenciados pelos seguintes factores: investimentos

correntes com vista a futura exploração de gás e crude

em águas profundas, aumento dos stocks na indústria

transformadora e no sector do comércio, e perspectivas

favoráveis em relação ao emprego no sector dos

transportes. A médio prazo, espera-se uma melhoria

no clima de confiança económico no sector da

construção a medida que o governo avançar com o seu

programa de investimento público para reduzir o

défice de infra-estruturas. Por outro lado, a assinatura

recente pela ANIP (Agência Nacional de Investimento

Privado) de 6 acordos de investimento em infra-

estruturas avaliados em USD 13.5 milhões de dólares

irá melhorar o índice de confiaça económico nos

sectores da construção e serviços.

Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE).

Sample comprises 631 responses from firms located in the

provinces of Luanda, Benguela, Huila and Kwanza sul which

concentrate 80% of country’s industrial park and 53.5% of total

employment. The economic confidence index is an arithmetic

average of qualitative responses of the variables comprising

the indicator. The sample responses were distributed as

follows: extractive industries (32), manufacturing (150),

construction (50), trade (300), tourism (49) and transport (50).

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International commodity Prices

The precious metals markets along with energy

markets had a volatile performance over the past

three months (Table 1). Copper prices climber from

USD 7,963.49 in December, 2012 to USD 8,053.74 in

January, 2013 as investors weighted the implications

of the elections in Italy and the possibility of stronger

demand from China. Gold prices fell from USD

1,721.64/oz in November, 2012 to USD 1,671.85 in

January, 2013 on reduced concern that South African

supplies will be disrupted coupled with the negative

impacts of Italy’s election outcome on commodities and

equities. Iron rose as much as 4 percent to close

December, 2012 at USD 128.87/tonne. Iron spot prices

for January, 2013 climber further to USD

150.49/tonne and are expected to remain high on

account of strong demand from China and India.

Crude oil prices fell 9.6 percent on an 11 month

average closing January, 2013 at USD 112.93/barrel.

The combination of reports of eventual increases in US

stocks and the fears of worsened European debt crisis

due to politically instability in Italy are likely to drive

oil prices down in the following months. Natural gas

prices stood at USD 119.78/1000m3 in January, 2013

down from USD 120.24/1000m3 in December, 2012.

According to the United States Energy Information

Administration (EIA), natural gas prices are expected

to remain up due to strong demand from

residential/commercial sector and power generation

consumption.

Evolução dos preços internacionais de

mercadorias

Os mercados de energia e de metais preciosos tiveram

um desempenho volátil durante os últimos três meses

(Tabela 1). Os preços do cobre aumentaram de USD

7,963.49 em Dezembro de 2012 para USD 8,053.74 em

Janeiro de 2013, na medida em que os investidores

ponderavam as implicações das eleições na Itália e

uma forte demanda da China. O preço do ouro baixou

de USD 1,721.64/oz em Novembro de 2012 para USD

1,671.85 em Janeiro de 2013 devido a eventual

interrupção na produção na África do Sul associada

aos impactos negativos dos resultados das eleições na

Itália, sobre os preços das principais mercadorias e

acções. O preço do ferro teve um aumento de 4 por

cento tendo encerrado o mês de Dezembro de 2012 em

USD 128.87/tonelada. Os preços comerciais do ferro

em Janeiro de 2013 subiram para USD

150.49/tonelada e espera-se que os mesmos se

mantenham elevados como resultado da forte

demanda na China e India.

Os preços do crude baixaram em média, cerca de 9.6

por cento nos últimos 11 meses tendo encerrado o mês

de Janeiro em USD 112.93/baril. A conjugação de

informações sobre um eventual aumento dos stocks

nos Estados Unidos da América e o agravamento da

crise da dívida Europeia como resultado da

instabilidade política na Itália, poderão levar a uma

queda acentuada dos preços de petróleos nos próximos

meses. Por sua vez, os preços do gás natural fixaram-

se em USD 119.78/1000m3 em Janeiro de 2013

ligeiramente abaixo dos USD 120.24/1000m3

registados em Dezembro de 2012. De acordo com a

Agência de Energia norte-americana, os preços dos gás

poderão manter-se elevados devido a forte procura no

sector comercial/redidencial e de produção de energia.

Table 1: International Commodity Prices, March, 2012 to January, 2013

Gold Copper Iron Natural Gas Brent Crude Oil

USD/oz USD/tonne USD/tonne USD/1000m3 USD/barrel

March, 2012 1,673.77 8,470.78 144.66 77.89 124.93

April, 2012 1,649.69 8,285.53 147.65 70.31 120.59

May, 2012 1,591.19 7,896.91 136.27 87.56 110.52

June, 2012 1,598.76 7,428.29 134.62 88.36 95.59

July, 2012 1,589.90 7,584.26 127.94 106.73 103.14

August, 2012 1,630.31 7,510.43 107.80 102.14 113.34

September, 2012 1,744.81 8,087.74 99.47 102.68 113.38

October, 2012 1,746.58 8,062.03 113.95 119.49 111.97

November, 2012 1,721.64 7,711.23 120.35 127.42 109.71

December, 2012 1,684.76 7,963.49 128.87 120.24 109.64

January, 2013 1,671.85 8,053.74 150.49 119.78 112.93

Percentage change

(base: March, 2012) -0.1% -4.9% 4.0% 53.8% -9.6%

Source: Bloomberg

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Table 2: Agricultural international Commodity Prices, March, 2012 to January, 2013

Maize (USA) Rice Coffee Wheat Soybeans

USD/tonne USD cents/pound USD cents /pound USD/tonne USD/metric tonne

March, 2012 280.66 577.05 113.60 283.88 496.29

April, 2012 274.21 585.95 111.71 266.32 529.42

May, 2012 268.79 612.43 116.01 264.36 520.93

June, 2012 267.23 606.14 113.34 276.19 522.33

July, 2012 332.95 578.36 113.37 345.69 609.45

August, 2012 332.17 577.56 113.01 349.40 622.91

September, 2012 320.72 590.57 110.87 353.42 615.18

October, 2012 321.63 584.74 109.87 358.20 565.53

November, 2012 321.54 590.73 102.94 361.00 533.03

December, 2012 308.72 565.52 102.30 347.89 534.79

January, 2013 303.29 573.39 105.79 335.50 526.05

Percentage change

(base: March, 2012) 8.1% -0.6% -6.9% 18.2% 5.9%

Source: International Grain Council, Bloomberg

Wheat prices declined 3.5 percent in January, 2013 to

reach a six month low of USD 335.50/tonne as

blizzards hitting the key United States’ growing areas

raised expectations of increased moisture that would

help growing conditions. Overall, wheat prices grew by

a cumulative 18.2 percent since the March, 2012 and

are set to stabilize with support from the U.S. market,

where weather conditions tend to improve. Meantime,

maize continued to experience low supplies thus

pushing up prices. The low supply has been blamed on

the unreliable weather conditions which has affected

farmer’s productivity. As a result, prices surged by 8.1

percent since March, 2012, and according to United

States Department of Agriculture (USDA) report, corn

farmers are set to benefit from a price increase of their

crop as it experiences strong and inelastic downstream

demand from a wide range of food industries. By

contrast, international rice and coffee prices were

among the largest decliners due to rapid progress

made in harvest in Brazil, Vietnam and Argentina.

Os preços do trigo reduziram em 3.5 por cento em

Janeiro de 2013 tendo atingido um mínimo histórico

de USD 335.50/tonelada nos últimos seis meses, numa

altura em que ondas de vento e neve cobrindo as

maiores áreas de produção nos Estados Unidos da

América auguram um aumento da humidade que irá

permitir uma melhoria nas condições de produção. Em

egeral, os preços do trigo aumentaram em cerca de

18.2 por cento desde Março de 2012 e espera-se que os

mesmos possam estabilizar por influência do mercado

norte-americano, onde as condições climatéricas

tendem a melhorar. Entretanto, a cultura do milho

registou uma escassez na sua oferta, ofirinando uma

subida de preços. A fraca oferta tem sido atribuída a

precariedade das condições climatéricas que afectaram

a productividade dos principais produtores. Como

resultado disso, os preços aumentaram em 8.1 por

cento desde Março de 2012, e de acordo com o relatório

do Departamento dos Estados Unidos para a

Agricultura (USDA), os produtores de milho irão

beneficiar do aumento dos preços dado que esta

mercadoria enfrenta uma forte e inelástica demanda

ao nível da cadeia de valor da indústria alimentar. Em

contraste, os preços internacionais do arroz e café são

os que registaram as maiores reduções devido ao

progresso rápido verificado na campanha agrícola no

Brazil, Vietname e Argentina.

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 6

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3. Macroeconomic developments

3.1. Economic growth

In 2012, Angola attained a robust economic growth

bolstered by a recovery in oil production and a

continuation of non-oil sector growth. GDP growth

accelerated 8 percent in 2012 (up from 3.9 percent in

2011) and was mainly driven by the continued

expansion in the oil and gas sector and a public

expenditure program designed to encourage economic

diversification, in particular, in the sectors of

transportation, construction and energy. Nonetheless,

the country still face massive developmental policy

challenges that include the reduction of dependency

from oil, building institutional and human capacity,

improve the living conditions of the population.

Meantime, a recent poll conducted by Reuters

indicates that Angola’s economy is set to return to its

double-digit growth path boosted by a rebound in oil

output after technical output problems and

maintenance hampered production and economic

performance last year.

Figure 3: Angola: GDP Growth

Source: Ministry of Planning, IMF staff estimates

Oil production

In 2012, oil production averaged 1.8 million barrels

per day (bpd), up from 1.66 million bpd registered in

2011. The increase was due to production recovery in

the oil blocks of Grande Plutónio and Pazflor. The

Government aims to expand crude output to 1.84

million bpd in 2013 and reach 2 million bpd by 2015.

Overall, crude oil output remained volatile but was

compensated by favourable prices which stood at USD

113.5 per barrel. In cumulative terms, oil export

revenues reached over USD 40 billion from January to

December, 2012, that is 7.4 percent higher than the

level registered in similar period of 2011 (Figure 4).

3. Desempenho Macroeconómico

3.1. Crescimento Económico

Angola alcançou um crescimento económico robusto

em 2012 reforçado pela recuperação na produção

petrolífera e a continuação do crescimento do sector

não-petrolífero. A taxa de crescimento do PIB acelerou

8 por cento em 2012 (contra os 3.9 por cento registados

em 2011) e foi dinamizado pela expansão contínua dos

sectores petrolífero e do gás e bem como pelo program

de investimento público destinado a promover a

diversificação da economia, em particular, nos sectores

dos transportes, construção e energia. Apesar elevado

crescimento, o país ainda enfrenta vários desafios no

se desenvolvimento que incluem, a redução da

dependência do petróleo, capacitação instituicional e

humana, melhoria das condições de vida da população.

Entretanto, uma pesquisa recence da Reuters mostra

que a economia Angolana irá retomar a sua tendência

de crescimento de dois dígitos influenciada pela

retoma da produção petrolífera, uma vez superados os

problemas técnicos e de manutenção que

condicionaram o desempenho económico no ano

passado.

Produção Petrolífera

Em 2012, a produção petrolífera atingiu uma média de

1.8 milhões de barris por dia (bpd), contra os 1.66

milhões de bpd registados em 2011. Este aumento

deveu-se à recuperação da produção nos blocos de

Grande Plutónio e Pazflor. O Governo tenciona

expandir a produção de crude para 1.84 milhões de

bpd em 2013 e possivelmente alcançar a produção de 2

milhões de bpd em 2015. Em geral, a produção

petrolífera manteve-se volátil mas foi compensada

pelos preços favoráveis que se situaram em 113.5 por

barril. Em termos acumulados, as receitas de

exportação de petróleo atingiram mais de USD 40

biliões de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2012, isto é, cerca de

7.4 por cento acima do nível registado no período

homólogo em 2011 (Figura 4).

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ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 7

Page 8: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · 2019. 6. 29. · Consumer price inflation decelerated to 8.9 percent in January, 2013 reaching an historic low level

Figure 4: Oil production, exports and revenues

Source: Ministry of Finance, OPEC

3.2. Inflation trends

Domestic inflation continued to ease consistently,

following a deflation trend that started in mid-April,

2011 due to prudent monetary policy and fiscal

consolidation having closed the year at 9.02 percent.

In January, 2013 inflation recorded a monthly

variation of 0.61 percent and the Angola’s twelve

months average CPI recorded an historical low of 8.9

percent supported by the stable exchange rate and fuel

subsidies (Figure 5). The underlying factors driving

inflation included the slight increase in food and non-

alcoholic beverage prices by 0.75 percent, furniture,

domestic equipment and maintenance services by 0.72

percent and hotels and restaurant services by 0.71

percent. The current inflation trend shows that

government can meet its target of ending 2013 with

inflation at 9 percent but high costs of refined

petroleum products and food by historical standards

present a risk to the inflation outlook. In addition,

growing internal demand, poor supply logistics, and

expected increase in liquidity due to the oil companies

shift of large share of their payments from offshore to

domestic banks by October, 2013 as part of the

implementation of the new foreign exchange law,

means that keeping inflation at single digit will be a

great challenge for the Central Bank.

3.2. Tendências da inflação

A inflação doméstica continuou a sua tendência de

desaceleração iniciada em meados de Abril de 2011

como resultado duma política monetária prudente e a

consolidação fiscal tendo encerrado o ano em 9.02 por

cento. Em Janeiro de 2013, a inflação atingiu uma

variação mensal de 0.61 por cento, e o índice de preços

ao consumidor de Angola, para os últimos doze mêses

registou um mínimo histórico de 8.9 por cento em,

influenciado pela estabilidade cambial e pela política

de subsídio aos combustíveis (Figura 5). Os factores

que mais contribuiram para a inflação incluem a

subida ligeira nas classes de alimentação e bebidas

não-alcólicas em 0.75 por cento, mobiliário,

equipamento doméstico e serviços de manutenção em

cerca de 0.72 por cento e serviços de hotelaria e

restaurantes em 0.71 por cento. A actual tendência da

inflação mostra que o governo poderá alcançar a meta

de 9 por cento fixada para 2013 mas os altos custos dos

produtos petrolíferos refinados e alimentares

representam um risco para a estabilidade de preços.

Por outro lado, a crescente demanda interna

conjugada com a insuficiente logística para a oferta de

bens e serviços, e a expectativa do aumento da liquidez

devido a transferência de elevados pagamentos das

companhias petrolíferas para os bancos nacionais até

Outubro de 2013, como parte da implementação da

nova lei cambial, implica que o controle da inflação em

um dígito será um grande desafio para o Banco

Central.

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Dec-11 Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12

Production, barrels per day (right axe) Revenues of Exports, US$ billion (right axe)

Exports, million of barrels (left axe) Average Oil Prices in US$ (left axe)

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 8

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Figure 5: Angola – Inflation trends

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

3.3. Interest rate developments

Commercial bank’s private sector lending interest rate

for 181 days to 1 year in domestic currency declined

from 14.25 percent in September, 2012 to 12.82

percent in December, 2012 (Figure 6). Over the same

period, deposit interest rates for similar maturity and

in domestic currency declined marginally from 5.57

percent in September, 2012 to 4.84 percent in

December, 2012. Lending rates continue to soften

which is favourable for borrowers. However, there is

still a wide spread between lending and deposit rates

suggesting high financial risks and banking sector

operational inefficiencies.

Central Bank lowered its basic reference lending rate

– “taxa de juro BNA” – by 25 percentage points to 10

percent in January, 2013, but kept the overnight

standing lending facility interest rate – FPC – at 11.25

percent a year while keeping the overnight standing

absorption facility rate at an historic low level of 1.25

percent. Current low inflation prospects increase

expectations of additional cuts in the FPC interest

rate, which will most probably continue to pressurize

downwards the lending interest rates.

Figure 6: Angola: Interest rate trends

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

3.3. Evolução das taxas de juros

A taxa de juros dos bancos comerciais para

empréstimos ao sector privado por períodos de 181

dias a 1 ano, e em moeda nacional reduziram de 14.25

por cento em Setembro de 2012 para 12.82 por cento

em Dezembro de 2012 (Figura 6). Durante o mesmo

período, as taxas de juros de depósitos para iguais

maturidades e em moeda nacional, reduziram

ligeiramente de 5.57 por cento em Setembro, 2012

para 4.84 por cento em Dezembro de 2012. As taxas de

juros sobre empréstimos continuaram com a sua

tendência decrescente o que é favorável para os

mutuários. Contudo, ainda persiste um elevada

diferença entre as taxas de juro para empréstimos e

depósitos pressupondo a existência de altos riscos

financeiros e ineficiências operacionais no sector

bancário.

O Banco Central reduziu a sua taxa de juro de

referência – “taxa de juro BNA” – 25 pontos

percentuais para 10 por cento em Janeiro de 2013,

mas manteve inalterada a taxa da facilidade

permanente de cedência - FPC – em 11.25 por cento

ao ano, e bem como a taxa da facilidade permanente de

absorção num minimo histórico de 1.25 por cento. As

actuais perspectivas de inflação alimentam

expectativas de cortes adicionais na taxa de juro da

FPC, o que muito provavelmente irá continuar a

pressionar para baixo as taxas de juro do crédito à

economia.

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lending rates, 181 days to 1 yearSpreaddeposit rates, 181 days to 1 year

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 9

Page 10: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Angolan Economy/Economia Angolana · 2019. 6. 29. · Consumer price inflation decelerated to 8.9 percent in January, 2013 reaching an historic low level

3.4. Foreign exchange market

The domestic currency (Kwanza) recorded some

stability against the US dollar and Euro in 2012,

having depreciated only 1.66 percent to the US Dollar

and 0.8 percent (month-on-month) against the Euro,

closing December, 2012, respectively, at levels of 95.8

AKz/USD and 126.38 AKz/EUR (Figure 7).

Figure 7: Angola: Foreign Exchange Trends

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Net International Reserves (NIR) closed the year of

2012 at an historic high balance of USD 30.6 billion in

(Figure 8), which represents an import cover ratio of 7

months, supported by the inflow of foreign currency

from the pre-salt oil fields foreign direct investment

and oil export revenues at a level of USD 19 billion.

At an annual basis, the local currency depreciated 2.2

percent (year-on-year) to the US Dollar, the first in 11

months, and 3.8 percent (year-on-year) against the

Euro. In an effort to stabilize foreign exchange

markets, the Central Bank injected from January to

December, 2012, a cumulative of USD 18.2 billion

dollars, 22 percent higher than the amount supplied in

a similar period of 2011 (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Angola –US Dollar market currency sales

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

3.4. Mercado Cambial

A moeda nacional (Kwanza) apresentou uma

estabilidade face ao dólar e o Euro em 2012, tendo

depreciado apenas 1.66 por cento face ao dólar e 0.8

por cento contra o Euro, respectivamente, numa base

mensal, fechando o mês de Deembro a níveis de 95.8

AKz/USD e 126.38 AKz/EUR (Figura 7).

O saldo de Reservas Internacionais Líquidas (RIL’s)

encerrou o ano de 2012 com um saldo histórico de

USD 30.6 biliões (Figura 8), o que representa uma

cobertura de importações de 7 meses, suportado pela

entrada de divisas no âmbito do investimento directo

estrangeiro para a exploração do petróleo nas áreas

pré-sal e do aumento nas receitas de exportações de

petróleo na ordem dos USD 19 biliões.

Figure 8: Angola: Net International Reserves

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Em termos anuais, a moeda nacional registou uma

depreciação face ao dólar americano de 2.2 por cento

(ano-a-ano), pela primeira vez nos últimos 11 meses, e

uma depreciação de 3.8 por cento (ano-a-ano) face ao

Euro. Por seu turno, o Banco Central injectou de

Janeiro a Dezembro, 2012 um valor acumulado de

USD 18.2 biliões de dólares, cerca de 22 por cento

acima do montante disponibilizado no mercado no

período homólogo de 2011 (Figura 9).

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ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 10

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4. Banking sector and monetary

developments

The growth in annual broad money (M3), defined as

total banking sector deposits (net of inter-bank

deposits), decreased from 23 percent in October 2012

to 17 percent in December, 2012 (Figure 10). This

decline was due to Central Bank’s efforts to mop up

excess liquidity through bond’s issuance, a measure

aimed at controlling inflation. On a month-on-month

basis, M3 growth declined from 3 percent in November

2012 to 2.8 percent in December, 2012. Despite this

decline, average money supply growth since the

beginning of the year (18.5 percent) indicates that

there are no liquidity constraints in the economy.

Figure 10: Monetary aggregates and BNA rate trends

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Despite the monthly decline in the M3 growth rates, in

absolute terms total banking sector deposits increased

by 1.3 percent from USD 39.5 billion in November,

2012 to USD 40 billion in December, 2012 (Figure 11).

Nonetheless, there is still need to attract more money

into the formal banking sector.

The loan-to-deposit ratio increased slightly from 65.3

in September 2012 to 66.8 percent in December, 2012

(Figure 11). Given the low rate of transformation of

banking sector deposits, the slow growth of credit to

the economy (which only increased 1.1 percent in

December, 2012 and 22 percent on annual basis), and

the prevailing level of non-performing loans (only 2.5

percent), there is still room for commercial banks in

advancing more loans to private sector.

In terms of lending to the private sector, bank loans

were relatively diversified in a number of economic

sectors. As of December, 2012, the distribution of bank

loans (Figure 12) was as follows: individuals (19

percent); wholesale and retail trade (17 percent);

private sector (15 percent); construction (12 percent),

real estate (10 percent); manufacturing (10 percent);

services (8 percent); extractive industries (4 percent);

and agriculture (2 percent).

4. Sector bancário e desenvolvimento do

mercado monetário

A taxa de crescimento anual da massa monetária

(M3), definida como o total dos depósitos do sector

bancário (excluindo os depósitos inter-bancários),

reduziu de 23 por cento em Outubro 2012 para 17 por

cento em Dezembro de 2012 (Figura 10). Esta redução

foi motivada pela acção do Banco Central na redução

do excesso de liquidez no mercado através da emissão

de títulos, uma medida destinada a controlar va

inflação. Em termos mensais, a taxa de crescimento da

M3 reduziu de 3 por cento em Novembro de 2012 para

2.8 por cento em Dezembro de 2012. Apesar deste

declínio, a taxa média de crescimento da massa

monetária (18.5 por cento) desde o início do ano

mostra que não há constrangimentos de liquidez na

economia.

Figure 11: Total deposits and loan-to-deposit ratio

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Apesar do declínio mensal na taxa de crescimento da

massa monetária (M3), em termos absolutos, houve

um aumento dos depósitos totais do sector bancário em

1.3 por cento passando de USD 39.5 biliões em

Novembro de 2012 para USD 40 biliões em Dezembro

de 2012 (Figure 11). Contudo, ainda persiste a

necessidade de atrair maior volume de moeda para o

sector bancário formal.

A taxa de transformação dos depósitos aumentou

ligeiramente de 65.3 em Setembro, 2012 para 66.8 por

cento em Dezembro de 2012 (Figura 11). Dada a baixa

taxa de transformação dos depósitios no sector

bancário, aliado ao lento crescimento do crédito à

economia (que apenas conheceu um aumento de 1.1

por cento em Dezembro, 2012 e 22 por cento em

termos anuais), e o nível prevalecente dos créditos de

cobrança duvidosa (apenas 2.5 por cento), portanto,

ainda existe espaço para os bancos comerciais

expandirem o crédito ao sector privado.

Em termos de crédito ao sector privado, os

empréstimos bancários encontram-se ligeiramente

diversificados por alguns sectores da economia. Em

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ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 11

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Figure 12: Distribution of credit to the economy, December, 2012

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

5. Fiscal performance

Government’s rationalization of current expenditure

yielded a fiscal surplus of 8.8 percent of GDP in 2012

and allowed the authorities to repay domestic arrears

of USD 7.5 billion which had been incurred since 2009.

In comparative terms, revenue execution achieved 96

percent of the planned target for the fourth quarter of

2012 (up from 87.73 percent in the previous period).

This was due to strong performance of oil revenues

which exceeded the target by 24.2 percent as well as

the incorporation into the budget of the revenues

collected by the state-owned oil company Sonangol. On

the expenditure side, Government remained prudent

with total expenditure execution standing at 93

percent in the fourth quarter of 2012 (up from 68.14

percent registered in the previous quarter). This

resulted in a total surplus of AKz 124,180.5 (about

USD 1.3 billion) during the last quarter of the year.

Consistent with government fiscal rationalization

policy is the current trend of decline of total

expenditure which fell from 44.2 percent of GDP in

2009 to 38.8 percent in 2012. Meantime, total capital

expenditure, including quasi-fiscal operations

increased from USD 7.8 billion in 2009 to 10.3 billion

in 2012, a trend that reflects the authorities’

intentions to revitalize the country’s infrastructure

network (Table 4).

Table 3: Angola: Fiscal performance, 2009-2012 Indicators (% of GDP) 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total revenue 34.5 43.5 48.8 44.9

Of which: Oil-related 24.2 33.0 39.0 34.4

Of which: Non-Oil Tax 9.0 7.8 7.3 8.6

Total expenditure 44.2 38.2 38.6 38.8

Current expenditure 31.7 28.5 29.9 29.8

Capital expenditure 12.4 9.7 8.7 9.0

Overall fiscal balance -9.6 5.3 10.2 6.1

Non-oil fiscal balance -32.1 -24.3 -25.3 -24.9 Source: Ministry of Finance, Angola and IMF staff estimates

Dezembro de 2012, a distribuição do crédito bancário

(Figura 12) era a seguinte: individual (19 por cento);

comércio a grosso e a retalho (17 por cento); sector

privado (15 por cento); construção (12 por cento);

imobiliária (10 por cento), indústria transformadora

(10 por cento); serviços (8 por cento), indústria

extractiva (4 por cento) e agricultura (2 por cento).

Figure 13: Credit to the economy and M2, growth rates (y-o-y)

Source: Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

5. Desempenho do sector fiscal

A racionalização da despesa por parte do Governo

resultou num superávit fiscal de 8.8 por cento do PIB

em 2012 e permitiu a eliminação de pagamentos em

atraso no montante de USD 7.5 biliões que tinham

sido incorridos desde 2009. Em termos comparativos, a

execução da receita atingiu 96 por cento do

programado durante o quarto trimestre de 2012 (uma

subida em relação aos 87.73 por cento do período

anterior). Este resultado foi devido ao forte

desempenho das receitas petrolíferas que excederam a

meta em 24.2 por cento e bem como a inclusão, no

orçamento, das receitas colectadas pela companhia

petrolífera Estatal Sonangol. Do lado da despesa, o

Governo manteve-se prudente com a execução da

despesa total a situar-se em 93 por cento durante o

quarto trimestre de 2012 (um aumento em relação aos

68.14 por cento registados no trimestre anterior). Este

cenário resultou num excedente fiscal de AKz

124,180.5 (cerca de USD 1.3 biliões) durante o último

trimestre do ano.

Table 4: Angola: capital expenditure financing Indicators 2009 2010 2011 2012

Capital expenditure (includes quasi-fiscal operations) in

billion USD

Total capital expenditure 7.8 7.7 8.9 10.3

Foreign financed 2.4 1.6 2.0 2.8

Domestic financed 5.4 6.1 6.9 7.5

Capital expenditure financing (Percentage of GDP)

Total capital expenditure 12.4 9.7 8.7 9.0

Foreign financed 3.8 2.0 1.9 2.4

Domestic financed 8.6 7.6 6.7 6.6

GDP (billion USD) 75.5 82.5 104.3 112.7 Source: Ministry of Finance, Angola and IMF staff estimates

Agriculture and Fisheries

2%

Extractive industries

4%

Manufact. 10%

Construction 12%

Wholesale and Retail

Trade 17%

Real Estate 10%

Social and Individual Activities

18%

Services 8%

Private Sector 15%

Others 4%

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

bill

ion

Kw

anza

Credit to the economyMoney supply (M2)

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6. External sector developments

Angola’s external sector position remains favourable

with the country exporting more than it is importing,

however, the balance of payment is susceptible to

external shocks due to heavy dependency on oil

exports, thus the need for economic diversification. In

2012, Angola remained a net exporter of goods and

services. Current statistics from INE show that the

first quarter of 2012 recorded the highest figure for net

exports (USD 12.9 billion) for the past two years

(Table 5).

From January to September, 2012, the country

imported a total of USD 16 billion (Annex 1) mostly

from Portugal (16 percent), China (9 percent), and

Belgium (7 percent). During the same period, the

country exported a total of USD 53 billion, with major

destination countries being: China, USA, India and

Taiwan. The Angolan exports remain concentrated on

oil and petroleum products while imports are mostly

dominated by transport materials, vehicles, nuclear

reactors and metal equipment (Annex 2).

Table 5: Angola’s trade balance (amounts in thousand

USD)

Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE)

Public debt

The Economic Commission of the Council of Ministers

approved in February, 2013, the Public Debt Plan for

the year which foresees a positive public net borrowing

of USD 5.9 billion. This amount is in line with the

2013 State Budget approved by the Parliament that

predicts a fiscal deficit of 3.4 percent of GDP (about

USD 4.2 billion). This amount will be raised through

issuance of 20-years Treasury Bills in an amount AKz

48,150 million (about USD 502 million), sovereign

bonds denominated “Eurobonds” in an amount of USD

1 billion and traditional lines of credit for exports and

public investment programs.

Consistente com a actual política governamental de

racionalização fiscal apresenta-se a tendência de

declínio das despesas correntes, que reduziram de 44.2

por cento do PIB em 2009 para 38.8 por cento em

2012. Por outro lado, as despesas de capital, incluindo

as operações quasi-fiscais cresceram de USD 7.8

biliões em 2009 para 10.3 biliões em 2012, uma

tendência que reflecte a intenção das autoridades em revitalizar a rede de infra-estrtuturas nacionais (Table

4).

6. Sector Externo

A posição externa de Angola permanence favorável

com o país a exporter mais do que importa, contudo, a

balança de pagamentos é susceptível a choques

externos dada a dependência das exportações no

petróleo, daí a necessidade de diversificar a economia.

Em 2012, Angola manteve a sua posição de exportador

líquido de bens e serviços. De acordo com dados do

INE, o primeiro trimestre de 2012 registou o valor

mais elevado de exportações líquidas (USD 12.9

biliões) dos últimos dois anos (Tabela 5).

De Janeiro a Setembro de 2012, o país importou um

total de bens e serviços avaliados em USD 16 biliões

(Anexo 1). na sua maioria oriundos de Portugal (16

por cento), China (9 por cento), and Bélgica (7 por

cento). Durante o mesmo período, o país exportou um

total de USD 53 biliões, na sua maioria com destino

para os seguintes países: China, EUA, India e Taiwan.

As exportações Angolanas continuam concentradas no

petróleo e produtos petrolíferos enquanto que as

importações são dominados na sua maioria por

equipamentos de transporte, veículos, reactores

nucleares e equipamentos metálicos (Anexo 2).

Dívida pública

A Comissão Económica do Conselho de Ministros

aprovou em Fevereiro de 2013, o Plano da Dívida

Pública para o ano em curso que prevê um

endividamento líquido de USD 5.9 biliões. Este valor

está em consonância com o Orçamento de Estado

aprovado pelo Parlamento que prevê um défice fiscal

de 3.4 por cento do PIB (cerca de USD 4.2 biliões). Este

montante será mobilizado através da emissão de

Obrigações do Tesouro em moeda nacional num

montante de AKz 48,150 milhões (cerca de USD 502

milhões), emissão de títulos de dívida soberana

denominados “Eurobonds” num valor de USD 1 bilião

e recurso a linhas de crédito tradicionais para

exportação e financiamento de programas de

investimeto público.

Period Exports Imports Trade balance

2011Q1 15,855.03 4,442.24 11,412.79

2011Q2 16,248.84 6,232.67 10,016.17

2011Q3 17,364.35 4,546.09 12,818.26

2011Q4 17,295.33 5,693.52 11,601.82

2012Q1 19,018.69 6,064.53 12,954.16

2012Q2 17,041.29 5,169.84 11,871.45

2012Q3 16,577.86 4,804.9 11,772.94

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Angola’s external public sector debt to GDP has

declined from 67.2 percent in 2002 to less than 19.5

percent in 2012, but total public sector (gross) -

external and internal - still account for one third of

country’s GDP in 2012. Overall, Angola’s debt outlook

appears sustainable with external debt to exports ratio

averaging 32.4 percent in 2012 well below the IMF

threshold of 150 percent. However, both external and

domestic debt levels are vulnerable to oil price and

growth shocks. Moreover, central government has

difficulties in curtailing the acquisition of debt by state

owned enterprises which is likely to exceed central

government debt issuance. This will require

strengthening of debt management capacities, in

particular, with regards to borrowing by State-Owned

Enterprises (SoEs) and other sovereign guaranteed

loans.

Figure 14: Angola - External Debt Trend

A dívida externa pública de Angola como percentagem

do PIB reduziu de 67.2 por cento em 2002 para menos

de 19.5 por cento do PIB em 2012, mas a dívida total

pública (bruta) – externa e interna – ainda constitui

cerca de um terço do PIB em 2012. Em geral as

perspectivas de gestão da dívida angolana são

sustentáveis com o rácio da dívida externa sobre as

exportações a situar-se em 32.4 por cento em 2012 bem

abaixo do limite de 150 por cento estabelecido pelo

FMI. Contudo, tanto os níveis da dívida externa como

a interna são vulneráveis aos choques de crescimento

económico e as flutuações nos preço do petróleo. Por

outro lado, o Banco Central ainda enfrenta

dificuldades no que respeita à imposição de limites de

contratação de dívida externa por parte das empresas

públicas, factor que poderá ser responsável no excesso

da emissão da dívida do governo central. Este

fenómeno requer um reforço das capacidades da

unidade de gestão da dívida, em particular, no que

respeita aos empréstimos às empresas públicas e

outros créditos com garantias soberanas.

Source: Ministry of Finance, Angola

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

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20

40

60

80

100

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ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 14

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Annex 1: Angola – Exports and Imports, 2011-2012

Annex 2: Angola – Exports and Imports by products

Annex 3: Angola – Imports by categories

Million (USD) Million (USD)

QI Δ QI QII Δ QII July August Sept. QIII Δ QIII Cumul.

Δ Cumul.

2010-11

Exports 15,855.0 24.80% 16,248.8 2.48% 6,349.8 5,339.4 5,675.1 17,364.4 6.87% 49,468.0 30.54%

Imports 4,442.2 0.14% 6,232.7 40.30% 1,540.5 1,424.5 1,581.1 4,546.1 -27.06% 15,221.0 24.45%

Trade balance 11,412.8 38.09% 10,016.2 -12.24% 4,809.3 3,914.9 4,094.1 12,818.3 27.98% 34,247.0 33.45%

2011-12

Exports 19,018.7 9.10% 17,041.3 -10.40% 5,160.3 6,113.7 5,303.9 16,577.9 -2.72% 52,638.0 6.41%

Imports 6,064.5 22.10% 5,169.8 -14.75% 1,929.8 1,401.0 1,474.1 4,804.9 -7.06% 16,039.0 5.38%

Trade balance 12,954.2 3.90% 11,871.5 -8.36% 3,230.4 4,712.8 3,829.8 11,772.9 -0.83% 36,599.0 6.87%

Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE) and Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

2011

2012

Million (USD)

Share Share

QI (total) QII (total) July August Sept. QIII (total) July August Sept. QIII (total)

Country

Portugal 13.42% 15.15% 311.24 250.04 220.85 782.13 16.13% 17.85% 14.98% 16.28%

USA 5.14% 4.60% 94.1 64.25 70.37 228.72 4.88% 4.59% 4.77% 4.76%

China 7.50% 9.01% 173.69 141.45 125.84 440.98 9.00% 10.10% 8.54% 9.18%

Belgium 5.77% 7.47% 141.62 72.29 108.38 322.29 7.34% 5.16% 7.35% 6.71%

South Africa 2.47% 3.69% 85.74 56.88 62.81 205.43 4.44% 4.06% 4.26% 4.28%

Brasil 3.76% 4.15% 100.66 45.06 73.01 218.73 5.22% 3.22% 4.95% 4.55%

UAE 2.51% 3.80% 68.06 78.17 64.61 210.84 3.53% 5.58% 4.38% 4.39%

Others 59.43% 52.13% 954.72 692.81 748.26 2395.79 49.47% 49.45% 50.76% 49.86%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 1,929.83 1,400.95 1,474.13 4,804.91 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE) and Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Shares QIII, 2012Million (USD)

QI QII QIII QIV QI QII QIII QI, 2011 QII, 2011 QI, 2012 QII, 2012QIII, 2012

Products

Oil 867.9 863.4 905.2 734.1 917.7 1,388.1 962.4 19.54% 13.85% 15.13% 26.85% 20.03%

Food 606.9 559.9 672.7 945.1 727.5 662.7 680.2 13.66% 8.98% 12% 12.82% 14.16%

Nuclear

reactors and

others 683.2 606.6 565.4 586.1 606.5 606.4 605.9 15.38% 9.73% 10% 11.73% 12.61%

Vehicles and

others 260.1 290.3 376.0 428.7 449.4 554.1 547.4 5.85% 4.66% 7.41% 10.72% 11.39%

Others 2,024.2 3,912.4 2,026.8 2,313.5 3,363.4 1,958.6 2,009.0 45.57% 62.77% 55.46% 37.88% 41.81%

Total 4,442.2 6,232.7 4,546.1 5,007.4 6,064.5 5,169.8 4,804.9 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE) and Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

Million (USD) in 2011 Million (USD) in 2012 Percentage share

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Annex 3: Angola – Exports by categories

QI QII QIII QI QII QIII QIII, 2011 QI, 2012 QII, 2012 QIII, 2012

Products

Crude Oil 15,232.5 15,495.7 16,744.4 18,538.8 16,422.3 16,118.2 97.23% 97.48% 96.37% 97.23%

Diamonds 223.7 387.3 359.2 251.0 354.3 263.7 1.59% 1.32% 2.08% 1.59%

Others 347.7 355.2 260.8 228.9 264.7 195.9 1.18% 1.20% 1.55% 1.18%

Total 15,803.9 16,238.3 17,364.3 19,018.7 17,041.3 16,577.9 100% 100% 100% 100%

Source: National Institute of Statistics (INE) and Central Bank of Angola (BNA)

2011 2012 Percentage share

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 16

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Angola Development Indicators

Population (million) 19.6 (2011)

Annual percentage growth rate 2.2% (2005-2011)

Labor force, 15 years and above, as % of population in Angola 53% (2011)

Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) 70% (2010)

Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) 36.6% (2009)

Infant mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 98.4 (2011)

Improved water source (% of population with access) 51% (2011)

Angola Economic Indicators Economic indicators 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Real GDP growth (annual % change) 22.6 13.8 2.4 3.4 3.9 6.8

Oil sector GDP Growth 20.4 12.3 -5.1 -3.0 -5.4 8.5

Non-oil sector GDP Growth 24.4 15.0 8.1 7.6 9.5 6.0

Annual CPI inflation 12.2 12.5 13.7 14.5 13.5 10.8

Public finance (as % of GDP)

Total revenues 45.8 50.9 34.5 43.5 48.8 44.9

Tax revenue 44.3 48.6 33.2 40.8 46.3 43.1

Oil related 37.1 41.2 24.2 33.0 39.0 34.4

Non-oil related 7.1 7.4 9.0 7.8 7.3 8.6

Total expenditures 34.5 42.0 44.2 38.2 38.6 38.8

Wages and salaries 7.9 8.6 11.1 9.4 9.0 9.7

Interest payments 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.0

Subsidies 4.7 7.0 6.0 6.7 7.8 6.6

Overall fiscal deficit (budget basis) 11.3 8.9 -9.6 5.3 10.2 6.1

Non-oil primary fiscal deficit (budget basis) -24.7 -30.8 -32.1 -24.3 -25.3 -24.9

Domestic investments (as % of GDP) 13 16 15 13 11 16

Gross domestic public debt (as % of GDP) 5.6 15.1 16.3 16.0 11.8 9.0

Gross external debt (as % of GDP) 15.8 16.5 20.1 21.7 19.7 19.5

External debt-to-exports ratio 21.5 21.3 36.6 34.7 30.2 32.4

Net international reserves (US$ billion) 11.2 17,8 13,1 19,2 27,5 31,0

As months of commodity imports 3.1 5.1 4.4 5.1 6.9 7.7

Current account balance (as % of GDP) 19.9 10.3 -9.9 9.0 9.6 7.3

Trade balance (as % of GDP) 53.3 52.8 24.2 41.2 45.1 39.5

Capital and financial account (as % of GDP) -9.8 0.8 2.8 -0.7 -1.6 -4.1

Exports of goods and services (as % of GDP) 75.9 77.7 54.2 61.4 64.5 59.5

Imports of goods and services (as % of GDP) 22.6 24.9 30.0 20.2 19.4 20.0

FDI in Angola (net) (million USD) -1,805 -891 2,199 -4,568 -3,974 -3,077

Source: Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Finance and IMF Staff estimates

Land area 1,247,000 Km2 of which 58 million hectares is

potentially arable land

Population Major Provinces

Luanda: 5,851,200

Benguela: 1,985,400

Bié: 1,143,700

Huambo: 1,624,000

Uíge: 1,101,200

Kwanza-Sul: 1,353,800

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 17

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About the African Development Bank (AfDB)

The African Development Bank (AfDB) is Africa’s

premier development finance institution

established in 1964 to mobilize resources for the

economic and social development of its 53

regional member countries. The Bank’s

membership includes 24 non-regional member

countries bringing the total number of member

countries to 77. The Bank has been financing

development activities in its regional member

countries through its three windows of financing:

the African Development Bank (ADB) window,

the African Development Fund (ADF) window

and the Nigerian Trust Fund (NTF) window. In

the first quarter of 2012 alone, the AfDB Group

approved 60 loans and grants amounting to USD

5.52 billion.

About Angola and the AfDB

Cooperation between the African Development

Bank (AfDB) and Angola dates back to 1983. As

of November 2012, the Bank Group had financed

33 operations valued at approximately USD 474

million. Bank-funded projects are primarily in

the areas of agriculture and rural development,

environment, water and sanitation, and multi-

sector (good governance and finance). Current

portfolio comprises 5 on-going operations with

total commitments net of cancelations of UA

52.27 million. For more information about the

African Development Bank, and its operations in

Angola, visit the Bank’s website at:

http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-

africa/angola/

Sobre o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento

(BAD)

O Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento (BAD) é

uma instituição financeira de desenvolvimento

líder em África criada em 1964 para mobilizar

recursos com vista ao desenvolvimento económico

e social dos seus 53 países membros regionais. Os

membros do Banco incluem 24 países não-

regionais, perfazendo assim im total de 77 países

membros. O Banco tem estado a financiar

projectos de desenvolvimento nos seus países

membros através de três guichés principais de

financiamento: O guiché do Banco Africano de

Desenvolvimento (BAD); o guiché do Fundo

Africano de Desenvolvimento (FAD) e o guiché do

Trust Fund Nigeriano. O Grupo BAD aprovou

cerca de 60 créditos e donativos no valor de 5.52

biliões, durante o primeiro trimestre de 2012.

Sobre Angola e o BAD

A cooperação entre o Banco Africano de

Desenvolvimento (BAD) e Angola data desde

1983. Cerca de 33 projectos avaliados em USD

474 milhões de dólares foram aprovados pelo

BAD até Novembro de 2012 em Angola. Os

projectos financiados pelo Banco em Angola

encontram-se distribuídos pelos sectores da

agricultura e desenvolvimento rural, meio-

ambiente, águas e saneamento, e áreas multi-

sectoriais (boa-governação e finanças). O actual

portfólio compreende 5 projectos com um valor

total de UA 52.27 milhões. Para mais informações

sobre as actividades do Banco Africano de

Desenvolvimento em Angola, por favor visite a

página do Banco no seguinte endereço:

http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-

africa/angola/

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE

ANGOLA FIELD OFFICE: Quarterly Economic Bulletin Page 17