Quarkonia Production in Cold and Hot Matters
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Quarkonia Production in Cold and Hot Matters
Raphaël Granier de CassagnacLLR – École polytechnique / IN2P3
Quark Matter 2008Jaipur, 2008, February 6th
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The normal introduction
• In 1986, Matsui & Satz predicted an “unambiguous” signature of QGP– Onset of quarkonia melting above a certain
temperature / energy density threshold • Exemple of assumed Td (but theorists still
working on it) :
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S. H. Lee, Next talk
Matsui & Satz, PLB178 (1986) 416
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Cold and hot matters @ SPS
• Normal nuclear absorption alone does a splendid job describing pA, SU and peripheral InIn and PbPb:– σabs = 4.18 ± 0.35 mb
• Beyond is “anomalous suppression” – InIn looks like an onset
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J/ψL
NA60 preliminary
σabs = 4.18 ± 0.35 mb
NA50, EPJ C39 (2005) 335NA60, PRL99 (2007) 132302
± 10% global systematics
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At SPS, J/ψ behave pretty much like the predicted golden QGP signature
What about RHIC?
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RAuAu (y≈0 in PHENIX) ≈ RPbPb (@ SPS)
• Lower rapidity RAA looks surprisingly similar, while there are obvious differences:– At a given Npart, different
energy densities…– Cold nuclear matter effects
(xBjorken, σabs…)– …
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REDOWithout forward
PHENIX, PRL98 (2007) 232301SPS from Scomparin @ QM06
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RAuAu (y≈1.7) < RAuAu (y≈0) in PHENIX
• @ RHIC, more J/ψ suppression at forward rapidity !
• While energy density should be smaller…
RAA(y~1.7)
RAA(y~0)
60%
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REDO
PHENIX, PRL98 (2007) 232301
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RAuAu (run 4) = RAuAu (run 7)
• Forward rapidity only (for now)
• More bins at higher centrality
• Confirm the trend– RAA(y≈1.7) < RAA(y≈0)
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NEW
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RAuAu vs RCuCu @RHIC
• Final CuCu analysis• Slightly below 1 in
CuCu
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PHENIX, arXiv:0801.0220
PUB
RAA(y~1.7)
RAA(y~0)
S. Oda, Session 18, Saturday
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RCuCu (STAR, high pT) ≈ 1
2 sigma J/ψ signal in Cu+CuSTAR = PHENIX charm spectra RCuCu raising with pT
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M.R. Cosentino,Poster 109
Z. Tang, Session
18, Saturday NEW
* These are not phenix results yet, but could become as soon as the two experiments talk to each others
*
*
*
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Various RXY(pT)
• Several (hints of) raising RAA(pT)1. RCP PbPb (NA50)2. RAuAu (PHENIX)3. RdAu (PHENIX)
• Several potential reasons:– Leakage effect, J/ψ escape
• High pT J/ψ forming beyond QGP
– Cronin effect– Raising xBj = less shadowing
• 0.02 to 0.05 from 0 to 9 GeV/c• See discussion in →
• Think about it…
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PHENIX, arxiv:0711.3917 compared toFerreiro, Fleuret, Rakotozafindrabe,
arxiv: 0801.4949
1 2
3
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@ RHIC, more suppression at forward rapidity !
Two possible theoretical explanations…Hot : coalescence, regeneration
Cold : saturation, shadowing
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I. Coalescence, regeneration
• Large variety of approaches, all justify:– RAA(y=0) > RAA(y=1.7)– (more c quarks to
recombine at y=0)
• As an example
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Latest referencesR. Thews et al, Eur. Phys. J C43, 97 (2005)Yan, Zhuang, Xu, PRL97, 232301 (2006)A. Andronic et al., NPA789, 334 (2007)
Ravagli, Rapp, arXiv:0705:0021Zhao, Rapp, arXiv:0712.2450
A. Capella et al., arXiv:0712.4331 O. Linnyk et al., arXiv:0801.4282(Apologies if I forgot somebody)
A. Andronic,Session
22, Saturday
K. Tywoniuk, Session
22, Saturday
Capella, Tywoniuk et al.Fitting Cu+Cu, Au+Au,
Mid and forward rapidity
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II. A trick of cold matter ?
• Saturation could suppress forward J/ψ in AuAu• First numerical estimate, work in progress…
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NEWM. Nardi, Session 6, Tuesday
ExperimentSaturation
Normalisation here ?
0-20%
20-40%
40-60% 60-93%
“Flat anomalous”suppression here ?
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How to move forward experimentally ?
1. Be more open?2. Calm down? 3. Broaden interest? 4. Let it flow? 5. Get excited? 6. Get high?7. Be upset? 8. Give up?
(Measure cc to constrain regen.)(Better pA/dA reference)(in transverse momentum)(elliptically)(ψ’, χc) (in mass, looking at upsilons)(and search for onset)And move to the LHC?
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Y. Zhang, few minutes
ago
Some progress on all these points at this meeting !
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2. Cold matter
• New analysis of PHENIX dAu– (and same pp reference as AA)
• Assuming two shadowing schemes, derive a breakup cross sections from RdA(y)– σEKS ≈ 2.8 +1.7
–1.4 mb– σNDSG ≈ 2.2 +1.6
–1.5 mb– Proper error on σ is ≈ 2 mb
• And extrapolate to AuAu collisions – (Also available for CuCu)– Mid and forward are correlated
through shadowing scheme– If you believe this shadowing,
large anomalous suppression, larger at forward rapidity.
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M. Wysocki,
Session 6, Tuesday
PHENIX, arxiv:0711.3917
PUB
Forward rapidity
Midrapidity
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2. Cold matter
• More model independent… • In a Glauber data-driven model,
propagate what we know from RdA(y,centrality)– RAA(y,b) = Σi RdA (–y,bi
1) x RdA(+y,bi2)
– No shadowing scheme nor absorption scheme
– Mid and forward are not correlated, less model dependent larger uncertainties (esp. y≈0)
• Anomalous suppression at least at forward rapidity!
• Anomalous suppression could be identical at midrapidity
• (No dCu, so no CuCu)
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M. Wysocki,
Session 6, Tuesday
RGdC, Quark Matter 06PHENIX, arxiv:0711.3917
Survival = 38 +18– 22 %
Survival = 55 +23–38 %
Forward rapidity
Midrapidity
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2. Cold matter again ?
• Fitting an effective break-up cross section (depending on y) and extrapolate to CuCu and AuAu…
• Do you agree that we have poor handle on the cold nuclear matter effect?
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PHENIX, arxiv:0801.0220
S. Oda, Session 18, Saturday
STOP
PUB
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RHIC run 8 dAu ≈ 30 x run 3 !
• Let’s wait for this run analysis before to say more about cold matter (and derive decent survival probabilities)
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Look at other observables
3. pT broadening4. Elliptic flow
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3. pT broadening @ RHIC ? vs Npart ?
• Widely unknown initial charm production:– Recombined RAA are
poorly constrained…• Instead look at pT:
– Hot: Inherited pT should be lower than initial
– Cold: Cronin effect should broaden initial pT
• Cronin goes like:<pT
2>AB = <pT2>pp + α x L
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• No strong <pT2> dependence…
• Modest rise at forward rapidity• Could be broadening• No need for recombination here
PHENIX, arxiv:0801.0220
Mid rapitidity Forward rapitidity
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3. pT broadening @ RHIC ? vs thickness ?
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• No strong <pT2> dependence…
• Modest rise at forward rapidity• Could be broadening• No need for recombination here
2.7 sigma slope
• Widely unknown initial charm production:– Recombined RAA are
poorly constrained…• Instead look at pT:
– Hot: Inherited pT should be lower than initial
– Cold: Cronin effect should broaden initial pT
• Cronin goes like:<pT
2>AB = <pT2>pp + α x L
Mid rapitidity Forward rapitidity
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3. pT broadening @ SPS ?
• Different scaling in pA and AA collisions
• Something else going on in AA?– High pT J/ψ escape?
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All data takenat 158 GeV!
NEWR. Arnaldi,
Session 18,
Saturday
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4. J/ψ flow in PHENIX?
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C. Sylvestre,
Session 18, Saturday
C.L. Silva,Poster 85
• If recombined, J/ψ should inherit the (rather large) charm quark elliptic flow
• First measurement by PHENIX:– V2 = –10 ± 10 ± 2 ± 3 %
• Proof of principle• Does not allow to elect
best scenario
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4. Elliptic flow in NA60 ?
• Seems large for In+In (no recombination)• To be understood…
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R. Arnaldi, Session 18, Saturday
Central In+In collisions Eccentric In+In collisions
NEW
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Look at other particles
5. Feed down to J/ψ6. Upsilons
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5. Feed down to J/ψ(from pp collisions)
ψ from ψ’ = 8.6 ± 2.5% ψ from χc < 42% (90% CL)
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S. Oda, Session
18, Saturday
Also measure of beauty cross sectionψ from B = 4 +
– 3
2 %
NEW
Y. Morino, Session
14, Friday
M. Donadelli,Poster 127
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6. STAR upsilon’s
• Proof of principle: dozens of Y in p+p & A+A! • Nuclear modification factor to come soon• Suffers less from cold matter (x=0.02 to 0.1=EKS antishadow)
– (should be checked with run8 d+Au)• Should measure (unseparated) excited states melting
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preliminary
D.Das, Session
22, Saturday
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What else ?
7. Look for onsets8. Go to LHC
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7. Search for an onset? • Onset curves fit the
midrapidity AuAu data…– Chaudhury, nucl-th/0610031– Gunji et al, hep-ph/0703061
• (after CNM subtraction)• But so do smooth curves !
– Nagle nucl-ex/0705.1712• Density threshold @ y=0 is
incompatible with SPS onset– Linnyk & al, nucl-th/0705.4443
• No onset @ y=1.7 ?• Wait for run7 analysis
& CNM constraints!2008, February 6th Quarkonia production in cold and hot matters - [email protected] 29/29
Gunji et al, PRC 76 (2007) 051901
T. Gunji, Session
18, Saturday
A.K. Chaudhury, nucl-th/0610031
STOP
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8. LHC ?
• A new story will begin↓ More J/ψ melting↓ Larger shadowing /
saturation effects↑ Larger recombination
(more pairs)• If recombination prevails
→ golden signal• If not, expect same or
worse difficulties as at RHIC…
• (Also Upsilon’s story)2008, February 6th Quarkonia production in cold and hot matters - [email protected] 30/29
A. Andronic,Session
22, Saturday
• Example of prediction
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Anomalous conclusions
• J/ψ production is not (well and yet) understood at RHIC• Forward/mid rapidity difference could be due to:1. Regeneration ?2. Saturation ?3. Something else ?• However, conservative cold matter approaches still gives
significant anomalous suppression at least at forward rapidity…
– The hot matter is deconfining some quarkonia• More to come soon
– dAu data ! Upsilon, ψ’ in AA collisions and much more…
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M. MishraP132
H. LiuP98
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That’s all folks
Back up slides…
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Density threshold ? No !
J. Nagle, nucl-ex/0705.1712
• Onset curves fit the midrapidity data…– Chaudhury, nucl-th/0610031– Gunji et al, hep-ph/0703061
(after CNM subtraction)
• So do smooth curves !– Nagle nucl-ex/0705.1712
• Density threshold @ y=0 is incompatible with SPS onset or larger suppression @ y=1.7– Linnyk & al, nucl-th/0705.4443
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RdAu(centrality,y)
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Regeneration ?
• Various coalescence / recombination approaches…
• Better match to data– (look in particular
Bratkovskaya’s)• Depend a lot on poorly
known cc reference• But can accommodate:
– RAA(y=0) > RAA(y=1.7)– Density-induced
enhancement mechanism…
– <pT2> flatness
R. Rapp et al.PRL 92, 212301 (2004) R. Thews et al, Eur. Phys. J C43, 97 (2005)
Yan, Zhuang, Xu, PRL97, 232301 (2006) Bratkovskaya et al., PRC 69, 054903 (2004)
A. Andronic et al., NPA789, 334 (2007)
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From dA to AA @ RHIC
b1 b2
bAA
= xJ/ψ
= xJ/ψ J/ψ
RGdC, hep-ph/0701222
• For a given A+A collision at bAA, Glauber provides a set of N+N collisions occurring at bi
1 and bi2
• One minimal assumption is rapidity factorization: RAA(|y|,bAA) =
Σcollisions [RdA(-y,bi1) x RdA(+y,bi
2)] / Ncoll
• Works (at least) for absorption & shadowing since production~ pdf1 x pdf2 x exp –ρσ(L1+L2)
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What’s going on @SPS ?
• Several models could fit NA50– Plasma (either thermal or percolative)– Comovers (hadronic or partonic ?)
• Now NA60… – Difficult to reproduce…
Satz, Digal, FortunatoRapp, Grandchamp, BrownCapella, Ferreiro
• Percolation• Plasma• Comovers
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Roberta Arnaldi, QM05Final in nucl-ex/0706.4361
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(no cold effects)
Digal, Fortuno, Satz, EPJC32 (2004) 547
“NA50 only” effects @ RHIC
• Most of the models that did a good job @ SPS fail @ RHIC– Gluon dissociation (y~0) doesn’t give
the right trend and/or amount of suppression
– Comovers (of unknown partonic/hadronic nature) give RAA(y=2) > RAA(y=0)
– Parton percolation has an onset at Npart ~ 90 and simultaneous J/ψ + χc + ψ’ melting
Capella & Ferreiro, hep-ph/0610313
R. Rapp & al., nucl-th/0608033Yan, Zhuang, Xu, nucl-th/0608010
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Unaccounted CNM ?
• Strong initial states effect ala color glass condensate ?– But they have to violate rapidity
symmetrisation RAA(|y|) = RdA(-y) x RdA(+y)
– (otherwise taken into account in CNM extrapolation)
• Could this + sequential melting produce RAA(y~0) and RAA(y~1.7) ?
• Double ratio should drop…• A possibility…
=0
=2
This calc. is for open charm, butsimilar for J/ ?
Tuchin, hep-ph/0402298
RAA(y~1.7)
RAA(y~0)
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Tuchin & Kharzeev
• Hard probes 2004– hep-ph/0504133
• Coherent production of charm (open or closed)– (y<0 production time to low to
make computation)– Shadowing from CGC
computation…
Tuchin
42/29
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Tuchin & Kharzeev…
+ absorption for SPS & fermilab
43/29