Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster...

77
岡 真 (東京工業大学) J-PARCハドロンサロン (第一回) 2010年6月17日 J-PARCハドロン実験が目指すこと

Transcript of Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster...

Page 1: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

岡 真 (東京工業大学)

J-PARCハドロンサロン (第一回)2010年6月17日

J-PARCハドロン実験が目指すこと

Page 2: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

岡 真 (東京工業大学)

J-PARCハドロンサロン (第一回)2010年6月17日

J-PARCハドロン実験が目指すこと

ハドロンサロン• 自由な議論から新しい発想へ• テーマを絞って集中• 話題を変えながら続けて開催

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J-PARC いよいよ

2

T. Nagae

やっと

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3

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by H. Tamura

?超伝導状態?

?

密度

温度

クォーク・グルーオン・プラズマ (QGP)

重力圧縮

0

ハドロン

バリオン(重粒子) メソン(中間子)

“液体(液滴)”

宇宙における物質(クォーク多体系)

の進化

通常の原子核 高密度核物質

恒星

u, dクォークのみ

中性子星

重力圧縮

相転移クォーク星?

クォーク物質

膨張による冷却

相転移

元素合成

ビッグバン(初期宇宙)

sクォーク出現

高エネルギー原子核衝突実験(RHIC@BNL, LHC@CERN)

ストレンジネス核物理(J-PARC)

ハドロン物理(J-PARC, JLab,

…)

H, He→ Fe

超新星爆発 Fe→ U

不安定核物理(RIBF@理研,...)

-> “流体的”“気体”

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ハドロン実験ホール「J-PARCにおける研究の展望」J-PARC利用者協議会(2009年5月)  

6

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J-PARCの役割

7

高密度核物質有限密度QCD

QCDの相図

カラーの閉じ込め

J-PARCへの準備ハイパー核物理の進展 @ KEK PS, BNL-AGS, JLABハイパー核生成: (K-, π-), (π+, K+), γ-spectroscopy, 弱崩壊(K-, K+) ΛΛ核 S=-2 

核内中間子 (MiNu) @ KEK PS, GSI, DAFNE deeply bound pionic atom 核内でのベクターメソン K- 束縛核

励起ハドロンスペクトル @ LEPS, Belle ペンタクォーク Θ+, 新チャーモニウムメソン 軽いスカラー, バリオン励起 Λ(1405)

           → J-PARCで実現

 ストレンジネス核物理 S=-1からS=-2へ 精密測定

 カイラル対称性の破れの機構、高密度核物質

 エキゾティックハドロン、ハドロンスペクトル・構造

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J-PARCの役割

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さらに

ハドロンのパートン構造Drell-Yan過程、原子核の構造関数、他のハドロンの構造

チャーム生成チャームハドロン、チャーム核

S=+1, S=-3 ハドロン、原子核

And More  ...

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今日の議論

1. ストレンジネスのダイナミクス

2. 一般化された核力

3. ハイパー核の弱崩壊

4. チャーム

5. エキゾティックハドロン

6. ダイバリオン

9

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10taken from Tamura

Strangeness

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第2世代の役割?

なぜストレンジネスが面白いのか?新しいアイディアの宝庫

QCDの非摂動現象を最もよく反映有限密度QCDへの手掛り コンパクト星理解の鍵

Strangeness

Page 13: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

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素粒子・原子核物理に質的に新しく面白い対象を導入第2世代ハドロンの発見 Nishijima-Gell-MannSU(3)対称性 とクォーク模型 ⇔ SU(2) アイソスピン非レプトン弱過程 K → ππ, Λ → Nπ  ΔI=1/2 則世代間混合の発見 CKM行列   CPの破れ

ハイパー核の発見 Λが核内で独立粒子として振舞う新しい弱相互作用 ΛΝ (ΣΝ)=> ΝΝ, ΛΛ => ΣΝ, ΛΝΣハイパー核、ダブルハイパー核 → Ξ, Λc, Σc

エキゾティックハドロン、原子核 ダイバリオン、ストレンジレット K束縛原子核、K凝縮 ペンタクォーク

Strangeness

Page 14: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Strangeness

Discovery of StrangenessV-particle production in emulsion (1947)created in pair → strong interaction with a conserved charge (S)long life time → weak decay which violates the S conservation.

Kaon in 1947 13

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Strangeness

“Strangeness” and SU(3)f symmetry (u, d, s) triplet “quarks”

Isospin (I, I3) and Hypercharge Y = B + SNishijima-Gell-Mann relation Q = I3 + Y / 2

d u

s

Y

I3

symmetric

mixed symmetry

antisymmetric

mesons

baryons

14

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Strangeness

Hypernucleus found in 1953

Hyperon decay Λ → p e ν  → p π- , n π0 (non-leptonic weak decay)

Hypernucleus decay: New decay modesNon-mesonic weak decay Λp → pn, Λn → nnConversion (or “Strong” decay) ΣN → ΛN ΞN → ΛΛ

15

Page 17: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Dynamics of strangeness in QCD

• If the quark masses of Nf flavors are equal, then QCD has the exact flavor SU(Nf) symmetry.

ms ~ ΛQCD, αs (ms) ~1• Chiral symmetry is marginally effective (ms < 4πfπ).• The dynamics of the strange quark is sensitive to

the QCD details, while both the light and heavy quarks can be well treated by effective theories.

• For Lattice QCD simulation, 1/ms ~ 1 fm is suitable as a < 1/ms < L .

1 10 100 1 10 100MeV GeV

u d s c b tchiral symmetry heavy quark symmetry

mq

ΛQCDlight quarks heavy quarks

LQCD = !1

4(Ga

µ!)2 +!

q

q(i Dµ!µ! mq)q ,

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In Nucleus

Hypernucleus• Single particle motions of Λ (and Σ) have been

established, while they are not subject to the Pauli blocking.

• The ΛN interaction is weaker than the NN interaction.

• The ΛΛ interaction is weaker. • The ΣN interaction has strong spin-isospin

dependence.Kaon in Nuclei

• Kbar-N interaction is strongly attractive in I=0, L=0.

• The dynamics of Kbar in nuclear matter is sensitive to the coupling with the π-Σ channel.

17

Page 19: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

In Nucleus

high densityAt µ(u,d) > ms, (stable) strange matter appears.Strong Kbar-N attraction may drive Kaon condensation.Negative charge strange hadrons are important in charge neutral matter: K-, Σ-, Ξ-.

higher densityColor Superconductor is expected to be the high density ground state of QCD.With Nc = 3 colors and Nf = 3 flavors, the color-flavor locking (CFL) phase is the most symmetric CSC.  〈qTia Cγ5 qjb〉 = εabc εijc Δ

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The STRANGENESS plays key roles in high density hadronic matter physics.

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一般化された核力

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核力の特異性  3領域核力 = OPE + 中距離引力 + 短距離斥力

引力と斥力 ~ 数100 MeV

 ⇔ 重陽子の束縛エネルギー 2 MeV

OBEの到達距離 ~ 1 fm

 ⇔ 重陽子のサイズ ~ 4 fm

他のバリオン間の力も同じ性質を持つのか?中間子交換力はSU(3)対称性を用いて一般化短距離斥力は共通なのか? 起源は?

2 fm0.5 fm

核力

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核力OBEPによるアプローチNijmegen potential HC, SC, NSC97, ESC04, ESC06Julich potential (← Bonn potential)短距離斥力の起源をクォーク構造に求めてQuark antisymmetrization Tamagaki, Neudachin,

Smirnov (1977)Quark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980)短距離核力  R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV 斥力芯の強さ 500 ~ 1000 MeV 核子

核子1.7fm

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22

クォーク交換力Quark Cluster Model

クォーク交換(反対称化)に起因する短距離斥力

N

N N

N

g

Takeuchi et al. (2000)

Page 24: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

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一般的核力:SU(3)による拡張

M. O. , K. Shimizu, K. Yazaki, PLB130 (1983) 365, NPA464 (1987) 700

Page 25: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

SU(6) :短距離斥力の起源

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Page 26: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

SU(3) × SU(2)spin ⇒ SU(6) classificationS=0 1 × 0 [33] ΛΛ, NΞ, ΣΣ → H dibaryon 8s × 0 [51] Pauli forbidden 27 × 0 [33], [51] NN 1S0

S=1 8a × 1 [33], [51] 10 × 1 [33], [51] Nearly forbidden 10* × 1 [33], [51] NN 3S1

• The SU(6) symmetry predicts a strong spin-isospin dependence of the ΣN interaction.

• It also predicts state dependences of the spin-orbit interaction.25

Baryon-baryon interaction

MO, K. Shimizu, K. Yazaki, PLB130 (1983), NPA464 (1987)

ΣN (I=1/2, S=0)

ΣN (I=3/2, S=1)

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H dibaryon

singlet even

一般的核力:SU(3)による拡張

SU(3) の破れ

Page 28: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

triplet even

16

一般的核力:SU(3)による拡張

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The overall features of the Baryon-Baryon interactions are determined by the Color-Magnetic Interaction and the Pauli principle associated with the SU(6)spin-flavor symmetry of the quark model.

Why is the symmetry of the Non-Relativistic Quark Model relevant for the exotic hadrons in QCD?The same Pauli effects are “observed” in the Baryon-Baryon potentials in the lattice QCD.

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Baryon-baryon interaction

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Recent development of the BB potential calculation in LQCD

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HAL QCD Collaborationby T. Inoue

Baryon-baryon interaction

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BS amplitude → potential

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HAL QCD Collaborationby T. Inoue

Baryon-baryon interaction

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Lattice QCD : SU(3) limitNN potential (I=1) V(27) and (I=0) V(10*)

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HAL QCD Collaborationby T. Inoue

NN singlet even 1S0 NN triplet even 3S1Deuteron is not 6-quark

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Lattice QCD : SU(3) limitV(8s) and V(1)

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HAL QCD Collaborationby T. Inoue

SU(6) pure [51]: Pauli-repulsionNΣ (I=1/2, J=0) almost forbidden

SU(6) pure [33]SR attraction

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Lattice QCD : SU(3) limitV(10) and V(8a)

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HAL QCD Collaborationby T. Inoue

NΣ(I=3/2, J=1) almost Pauli-forbidden

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Non-Leptonic Weak Interaction• K → ππ

• Ks → π+π− (68%), π0π0 (32%) ∼ almost I =0 → ΔI =1/2

• K+ → π+π0 (I =2, J =0) (21%) ∼ I =2 → pure ΔI =3/2

Α0/Α2 ∼ 22

• Λ → Νπ

• Λ → pπ− (63.9%): nπ0 (35.8%) ~ 2 : 1 for ΔI =1/2

ΑΙ =1/2 /ΑΙ =3/2 ∼ 20

ΔI = 1/2 rule

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ΔI =1/2 rule   • Non-leptonic weak decays of hadrons

The standard theory does NOT predict the ΔI =1/2 dominance.

I =1/2 ⊕ Ι =1

s u

u d

W

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ΔI =1/2 rule   • QCD corrections (one loop)

• The CMI enhances the Diquark (I =0, S =0, C =3*) final state. → pure ΔI =1/2

• MMPW theorem: No ΔI =3/2 contribution to the PC B → B transition.

• The PV amplitude is reduced to B → B matrix element by the soft pion theorem.

Penguin diagram

Vainshtein et al, 1977

g

s ss

gg

WW

WI =1

I = 0 + 1pure I = 1/2

u

u

d u

u

d

q

d

t, c, u

q

Miura-Minamikawa(1967) Pati-Woo (1971)

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Effective Hamiltonian

• effective weak Hamiltonian for ΔS =1

ΔI =3/2

Penguin

right handed current

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PC ME for B ® B’+ MMPW mechanism

⇓Νο ΔΙ =3/2

• soft pion theorem for PV amplitudes

ΔI =1/2 rule   

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ハイパー核の弱崩壊

• 新しいバリオン間弱相互作用 ー非中間子弱崩壊ー

• ΔI=1/2則の大きな破れの可能性 Maltman, Shmatikov (1994) Inoue, Takeuchi, Oka (1994), Sasaki, Izaki, Oka (2005)

Pauli blocked Short distance

Λ N

N N

π Λ

N

pN ~ 100 MeV/c pN ~ 400 MeV/c

two charge modes Λp → pn Λn → nn

Mesonic Non-mesonic

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Λ

s

N

ハイパー核の弱崩壊

• Direct quark weak process

s u → d u s d → d d

effective hamiltonian for weak interactions of quarks

W

Cheung, Heddle, Kisslinger (1983)Maltman, Shmatikov (1994)Inoue,Takeuchi, Oka (1994)

ΔI =1/2則の破れ  Sasaki, Izaki, Oka (2005)

40

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41

NM Weak Decay Status

5ΛHe ΓNM Γnn /Γpn αp

NM

π+K+DQ(Sasaki et al., 2000)

0.52 0.70 - 0.68

OBE (all)(Parreno et al., 2001) 0.32 0.46 - 0.68

π+K+ω+2π/ρ, σ(Itonaga et al., 2002)

0.42 0.39 - 0.33

Exp 0.41 ± 0.14 0.44 ± 0.11(KEK E462)

0.09 ± 0.08(KEK E462)

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42

ΔI in S-shell NMWD

• S -shell hypernuclei A=4 and 5

C. Dover (1987), R.A. Schumacher (1992)

• A simple relation among ΓNJ’s

Theorem: If α > β then x < 1/α

Current status >?

Page 44: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Nf = 3 → Nf = 4

Charmed mesons and baryons

43

sD0D

sD

–D

0K–! !

+K

–K

(a)

sD

DD

sD

"# +#

K

(b)

*0

K*"

*+K*0

D 0*D*"

*"

*+

"

*+

"cdcu"cs"

us"ds"

su" sd" ud

"

uc"sc"

dc"

0# $%&J/

uc"sc"

dc"

"cdcu"cs"

+

D+

+

K 0

us"ds"

su" sd"

du"

du"

0D

''()'c

! 0

ud"

K 0*

C

I

Y!++

ccc

" ++cc" +

cc

!+cc

# ++c

"+c" 0

c

!$" 0

# +

%+%0%$

# $

" $

%++

(b)

" +c

# ++c

" 0

n p" c

0

(a)

ddcdsc

udc

uscuuc

uuduus

ussdss

udddds

ddd

dssdds

ussuus

uududduds

ssc

uscdscuuc

uccscc

dcc

!+cc

" ++cc" +

cc

# 0c

uuu

# 0

" $

# $# +&,# 0

udc

# +c&+c,

c#+

! 0c

# 0c

dcc ucc

ddc

uds

ssc

scc

sss

! 0c

Page 45: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

QCD は Heavy quark にやさしいcharmonium spectrum from “QCD”

mc : hard scale > ΛQCD の導入で pQCDが有効になる

Heavy quark を含むエキゾティックハドロンの発見charmed tetra-quarks, charmed penta-quarksFlavor Nuclear Physicscharm production @ p + p (J-PARC) or pbar + p (GSI/FAIR)D, Λc, Σc, Ξc in nuclei

44

Nf = 3 → Nf = 4

1 10 100 1 10 100 MeV GeV

u d s c b t

mq

ΛQCDlight quarks heavy quarks

chiral symmetry decoupled

Page 46: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Quark Models from QCDE. Eichten, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 34 (1975) 369

De Rujula, Georgi, Glashow, Phys. Rev. D12 (1975) 147

A. Chodos, et al., Phys. Rev. D9 (1974) 3471

45

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46

Heavy quarks

quenched r0: Sommer scale

Cornell potential (Eichten et al.)

quarkonium potential Lattice QCD: Wilson loop

G.S. Bali / Phys. Rep. 343 (2001) 1quark antiquark

charmonium

Page 48: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Heavy quarks: spin-dep forces

De Rujula, Georgi, Glashow, Phys. Rev. D12 (1975) 147

47

Color-Magnetic interaction

qq

s1 s2 vector part of gluon exchange

Page 49: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

refined potential modelsS.N. Mukherjee, et al., Phys. Rep. 231 (1993)

48

Heavy quarks

charmonium bottomium

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49

Heavy quarks

Page 51: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

50

Heavy quarks

Page 52: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

51

Exotic Hadrons

Page 53: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

52

nK+

pK+

Λ(1520) = pK-

M =1540±10 MeV, Γ < 25 MeV, 4.6σ

T. Nakano et al. (LEPS collaboration)

Penta-quark @ SPring-8

γ n (12C) → K- Θ+ → K- n K+

Page 54: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

53

Θ+

Ξ– – Ξ+

Θ+ decays to n(udd) + K+(us) Conservation laws of strong interaction

S = +1, B = 1, Q= +1 uudds Y = B+S = 2   SU(3) 10*, 27, . . .

10* genuine penta-quarks Θ+(I=0), Ξ(I=3/2) ddssu, uussd

Penta-quark @ SPring-8

Page 55: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

54

A charged charmonium-like state Z±(4430) observed at the Belle (KEK) from decay of B0 → K- Z+ → π± ψ’ quark contents = ccud

Other charmonium-liketetra-quark mesonsX(3872)Y(4260), Y(4360), . . .

Charmed Exotic Hadrons

Z+(4430)width =45 MeV

Page 56: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

55

Exotics are “Colorful” ! (Lipkin@YKIS07)

(qq)8 or (qq)6 are allowed only in the multi-quarks.

q

q q

q q

q

q

q

8 6

Exotic Hadrons

Page 57: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Scalar mesons

The lowest excited mesons are scalar meson nonets. The quark model predicts 3P0 excited state.Why are the scalar f0(980) and a0(980) degenerate?

0! !(1) 1!+(1)

0++(0) 0+ !(1) 1+ !(1)

!(137)

0+ (1/2)

"(770)

!(600)

f0(980)

f0(1370)

f0(1500)

a0(980)

a0(1450)

a1(1230)

K0*(1430)

JPG(I))

M (M

eV)

a2(1320)

2+ !(1)

f0(1710)

K0*(800)

Scalar 0++ meson nonets: qqbar 3P0 ?

56

Page 58: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

57

Scalar 0++ meson nonets: qqbar 3P0

0++: f0(600), f0(980), a0(980), κ(900)* The mass ordering is not correct as a naive qq

assignment.

expected m(f01) ~ m(a0) < m(f02)observed m(f01) < m(a0) ~ m(f02)

No spin-orbit partners in the vicinity: 3PJ: 1+, 2+

Suggested solutionstetraquarks?f0(980) and a0(980) as KKbar (L=0) molecules?

f0(600) ! uu + dd"2

a0(980) ! uu# dd"2

f0(980) ! ss

Scalar mesons

Page 59: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

58

Tetra-quark conjecture (Jaffe, Shechter)

composed of Di(anti-)quarks in flavor 3

Now the observed mass ordering can be explained by the numbers of the strange quarks.

All the quarks are in S-wave, so that no extra excitation energy is necessary.

U = (d s )S=0,C=3

D = (s u )S=0,C=3

S = (u d )S=0,C=3

f0(600) ! SS = (ud)(ud)

a0(980) ! UU "DD#2

=(ds)(ds)" (su)(su)#

2

f0(980) ! UU + DD#2

=(ds)(ds) + (su)(su)#

2

no strange quark

}two strange quarks

Scalar mesons

Page 60: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

N(940)

Λ(1116)Σ(1193)

Ξ(1318)

N*(1440)

Λ*(1660)Σ*(1660)

1/2 + 3/2 +

Δ(1232)

Σ*(1385)

Ξ*(1530)

Δ*(1600)Ω(1672)

1/2 -

Λ*(1405)

N*(1535)Σ*(1620)

N*(1650)Λ*(1670), Ξ*(1690)

Σ*(1750)Λ*(1800)

3/2 -

N*(1520)Λ*(1520)Σ*(1670)

Λ*(1690), N*(1700)

Ξ*(1820)

Δs ~ 300 MeV

Δm = 150 ~175 MeV

ΔLS ~ -15 ~ +50 MeV

S-wave

P-wave

Λ(1405)

59

Why is the lowest negative-parity baryon Λ(1405) stranger?

Page 61: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Λ(1405)Molecular state(s)?D. Jido et al. (2003) by chiral unitary approach

two poles for Λ(1405) corresponding to the NKbar and πΣ “molecules”It was shown that Λ(1405) and N*(1535) are different types of molecular resonances. (Hyodo, Jido, Hosaka)

60

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Λ(1405)Lattice QCD → Takahashi et al. PR D81, 034505 (2010) Low-lying baryons with spin 1=2 in two-flavor lattice QCD

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5pionmass squared [lattice unit]

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Mas

ses

for n

egat

ive−

parit

y !

243 x

48

0−th state1−st state

1670

1405

61

Page 63: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Λ(1405)

Λ*(1405) in Diquark picture

The orbital angular momenta are all zero : 1/2- stateNo spin 3/2- partner

Ideally mixed flavor 1+8New Σ* ? (B.S. Zou, Σ*(1385) (1/2-))

Are many of the “P-wave” hadrons all in S-wave?

!! =1!2(SDu + SU d) =

1!2uds(uu + dd)

!! =1!2(SDu" SU d) =

1!2uds(uu" dd), SDd, SU u

62

Page 64: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

Diquarks!

• QCD predicts strong attractions in the channels: PS mesons q-qbar : color 1, spin-parity 0-, flavor 1+8 S Diquark q-q : color 3bar, spin-parity 0+, flavor 3bar

• Diquark “meson” Q Qbar (tetra-quark)• Di-diquark “baryon” Qbar Qbar q (pentaquark)• Tri-diquark “dibaryon” Qbar Qbar Qbar (6 quarks)

Totally symmetric Tri-(anti)diquark: Color 1, Flavor 1, 0++

H-dibaryon• Diquark Matter: Color Superconductivity

Ubar+Dbar+Sbar condensates: Color Flavor LockingSbar: 2SC Ubar: uSC Dbar: dSC

H = [UDS]A = [uuddss](F = 1, C = 1, 0++)

63

U = [ds]C=3,J=0,F=3, D = [su]3,0,3, S = [ud]3,0,3

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Diquarks!

The Diquark “cluster” plays main roles in excited hadrons.Note that the ground-state hadrons are described according to the SU(6) symmetry, which is broken by the strong di-quark correlation.How can we quantify the Diquark correlation in QCD?How heavy are the Diquarks? How large is the SU(3) breaking mass splitting? m(U) = m(D) > m(S)What are the interaction of color-non-singlet Diquarks?How can we measure the Diquark correlation in hadrons?Colored correlation in hadrons and nuclei.

64

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65

H dibaryon revisitedH dibaryonuuddss S= -2, J=0+ I=0, 6-quark state predicted by Jaffe (1977) in the MIT bag.

A widely believed “Myth”: the H dibaryon is bound due to the color-magnetic gluon exchange (CMI):

CMI prefers symmetric color-spin states ⇔ antisymmetric flavor state → [222] F=1

Page 67: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

F=1 dibaryon in particle basis

66

H dibaryon

ΣΣ

ΛΛ

ΝΞ

H (bound)

H (narrow resonance)0

28

(MeV)150

H (broad resonance?)

Page 68: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

67

Quark cluster model approach to the coupled channel ΛΛ, NΞ, ΣΣ system, with the linear + OgE potential for quarks.

MO, K. Shimizu, K. Yazaki (1983)- No bound state is obtained unless the long-range meson-exchange attractions are taken into account.

- There appears a very sharp resonance just below the NΞ threshold.

H dibaryon

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The resonance H looks as a "bound state" of NΞ, but the wave function (@ the resonance peak) reveals its flavor singlet-ness.

68

H dibaryon

No strong repulsion at short distances

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Additional long-range attraction (π, K, σ meson exchanges) may make the H as a deeply bound state. BE > 10 MeV.Long unsuccessful history for discovering the bound H state.It was pointed out that the instanton induced interaction yields 3-body repulsive force to H, resulting no bound state. (Takeuchi, Oka, 1991)

69

H dibaryon

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70

Effective interaction via the zero-modes around the instanton Instanton-induced-interaction (III) aka Kobayashi-Maskawa-'t Hooft (KMT)

III (3-body)

3-body repulsion flavor singlet (u-d-s) for H dibaryon flavor singlet 6-quarks

but not strong for the P-wave 20-dim. baryons as the III is a short-range interaction.

uL

dLsL

uR

dRsR

instanton

flavor antisymmetric I

Instanton Induced Interaction

uds

uds

Page 72: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

H dibaryon revisitedLattice QCD calculationA large lattice size is required.No bound state is found.! " # $ % & ' " ( ) * + & , - . ) / 0 110 2 )

71

Wetzorke, Karsch, 2002

Page 73: Quark Model of Hadrons - KEKj-parc-th.kek.jp/.../Slides/1st/JPARC-HadSadron-Oka.pdfQuark Cluster Model Oka, Yazaki (1980) 短距離核力 R ~1 fm 核子の励起状態 300 ~ 500 MeV

T. Watanabe et al., EPJ A33, 265 (2007)First observation of the ΣN decay of the S = −2 system

72

ΛΛ invariant mass (KEK-E522)C.J.Yoon et al., PRC75 (2007) 022201

K- +12C → K+ ΛΛ . .

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73

other dibaryon candidate

Relative wave function

No repulsive core100200 MeV

J=3 bound state

J=3 (decuplet2) bound state → relatively narrow NNππ (I=0) resonance

MO and K. Yazaki (1980)

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Abashian-Booth-Crowe (ABC) effect

CELSIUS/WASAPRL 102 (2009)pn → dππ

suggest a bound ΔΔ (I=0, J=1 or 3)

74

other dibaryon candidate

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展望

75

科研費特定領域「ストレンジネスで探るクォーク多体系の研究」(領域代表:永江知文)平成17年度~21年度

エキゾティックハドロン(ハドロン分光)有限密度QCD(ハドロン物質)ハイパー核構造(ハイパー核分光)

新学術領域「素核宇宙融合による計算科学に基づいた重層的物質構造の解明」(領域代表:青木慎也)平成20年度~ 格子QCD、原子核

新学術領域「多彩なフレーバーで探る新しいハドロン存在形態の包括的研究」(領域代表:飯嶋徹)平成21年度~ Belle, LEPS, J-PARC

  

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おわり

76