Welcome to the Seminar

Seminar on Quantum Teleportation

Presented By: Moulik Dhade

Contents -

1. Introduction2. Teleportation3. Photon Experiment4. Entanglement5. Human Teleportation6. Quantum Teleportation7. Practical Application8. Conclusion

Introduction

Ever since the wheel was invented more than 5,000 years ago, people have been inventing new ways to

travel faster from one point to another. To avoid the problem of covering a physical distance

and to minimize the time, there are scientists working right now on such a method of travel combining properties of Telecommunication and transport a system called Teleportation.

Teleportation

Teleportation is made up of two words:

Telecommunication and Teleportation.

Teleportation involves dematerialising an object at one point, and sending the details of that object’s precise atomic configuration to another location,where it’ll be reconstructed.

What this means is that the time and space could be eliminated from travel : we could be transported to any location instantly,without actucally

crossing a physical distance.

In 1993, the idea of teleportation moved out of the realm of science fiction and into the world of the theoritical possibility.

It was then the physicist Charles Bannett and a team of researchers at IBM confirmed that quantum teleportation was possible,but only if the original object being teleported was destroyed.

Teleportation can be explained with the following terms :

1. Photon experiment2. Human Teleportation3. Quantum Teleportation

Photon Experiments

In 1998, physicists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), along with two European groups, turned the IBM ideas into reality by successfully teleporting a photon (a particle of energy that carries light.)

The Caltech group was able to read the atomic structure of a photon, send this information across 3.28 feet (about 1 meter) of coaxial cable and create a replica of the photon.

In performing the experiment, the Caltech group was able to get around the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, the main barrier for teleportation of objects larger than a photon.

This principle states that you cannot simultaneously know the location and the speed of a particle.

But if you can't know the position of a particle, then how can you teleport it?

In order to teleport a photon without violating the Heisenberg Principle, the Caltech physicists used a phenomenon known as entanglement.

Entanglement

Entanglement means achieving the properties of one photon by using another photon.

In entanglement, at least three photons are needed to achieve quantum teleportation:

1.Photon A: The photon to be teleported

2.Photon B: The transporting photon

3.Photon C: The photon that is entangled with photon B

If researchers tried to look too closely at photon A without entanglement, they would bump it, and thereby change it.

By entangling photons B and C, researchers can extract some information about photon A, and the remaining information would be passed on to B by way of entanglement, and then on to photon C.

When researchers apply the information from photon A to photon C, they can create an exact replica of photon A.

However, photon A no longer exists as it did before the information was sent to photon C.

Principle Of Entanglement

Two photons E1 and K and a beam splitters (it splits a light into two equal parts) are required

We direct one of the entangled photons, say E1, to the beam splitter.

Meanwhile, we prepare another photon with the polarization of 45 degree, and direct it to the same beam splitter from the other side, as shown

The E1 photon incident from above will be reflected by the beam splitter some of the time and will be transmitted some of the time.

Similarly for the K photon that is

incident from below. So sometimes both photons will end up going up and to the right as shown.

Likewise, sometimes both photons will end up going down and to the right

However, in the case of one photon going upwards and the other going downwards, we can not tell which is which.

Perhaps both photons were

reflected by the beam splitter, but perhaps both were transmitted.

This means the two photons have become entangled.

Human Teleportation

For a person to be transported, a machine would have to be built that can pinpoint and analyze all of the atoms that make up the human body.

That's a more than a trillion-trillion atoms. This machine would then have to send this information to another location, where the person's body would be reconstructed with exact precision.

Molecules couldn't be even a millimeter out of place, or the person will arrive with some severe neurological or physiological defect.

How it will be possible

Teleportation would be combining genetic cloning with digitization. In this bio-digital cloning , tele-travelers would have to die, in a sense.

Their original mind and body would no longer exist. Instead, their atomic structure would be recreated in another location, and digitization would recreate the travelers' memories, emotions, hopes and dreams.

So the travelers would still exist, but they would do so in a new body, of the same atomic structure as the original body, programmed with the same information.

Predicted Process of Human Teleportation :

Another Depiction of Human Teleportation Process :

QUANTUM TELEPORTATION

In quantum teleportation the original object is scanned in such a way as to extract all the information from it, then this information is transmitted to the receiving location and used to construct the replica, not necessarily from the actual material of the original, but perhaps from atoms of the same kinds, arranged in exactly the same pattern as the original. A teleportation machine would be like a fax machine, except that it would work on 3-dimensional objects as well as documents.

it would produce an exact copy rather than an approximate facsimile, and it would destroy the original in the process of scanning it.

In 1993 an international group of six scientists, including IBM Fellow Charles H. Bennett, confirmed the intuitions of the majority of science fiction writers by showing that perfect teleportation is indeed possible in principle, but only if the original is destroyed.

This six scientists found a way to scan out part of the information from an object A, which one wishes to teleport, while causing the remaining, unscanned, part of the information to pass, into another object C which has never been in contact with A. Later, by applying to C a treatment depending on the scanned-out information, it is possible to maneuver C into exactly the same state as A was in before it was scanned. A itself is no longer in that state, having been thoroughly disrupted by the scanning, so what has been achieved is teleportation, not replication.

As the figure above suggests, the unscanned part of the information is conveyed from A to C by an intermediary object B, which interacts first with C and then with A.

In quantum teleportation two objects B and C are first brought into contact and then separated. Object B is taken to the sending station, while object C is taken to the receiving station. At the sending station object B is scanned together with the original object A which one wishes to teleport, yielding some information and totally disrupting the state of A and B. The scanned information is sent to the receiving station, where it is used to select one of several treatments to be applied to object C, thereby putting C into an exact replica of the former state of A.

This above figure compares conventional facsimile transmission with quantum teleportation (seen previously). In conventional facsimile transmission the original is scanned, extracting partial information about it, but remains more or less intact after the scanning process.

The scanned information is sent to the receiving station, where it is imprinted on some raw material (egg paper) to produce an approximate copy of the original

THE THEORY BEHIND QUANTUM TELEPORTATION:-

A & B are two entangled particles created in orthogonal state . C be the particle that we wish to teleport . In order to cause an entanglement between A & B, this simultaneously alters the quantum state of B in such a way that when the classical information gleaned from analysis of A and C is applied to B , particle B becomes an exact replica of C.In the meantime , C has been totally disrupted and is no longer in it’s original state

PRACTICAL APPLICATION:-

Physicists can already teleport tiny things, such as a beam of light or the angular spin of atomic nuclei. But physicists caution that teleportation research is still in the early development stage. But within 20 years, Laflamme said teleportation could be a fundamental step in the creation of quantum computers, cryptography, and an emerging technology called “superdense coding” in which two quantum bits could be transmitted for the price one.

Advantages of Teleportation:

It’ll save a lot of time..(you’ll be at your destination in few seconds)

It’ll be a really cheap process once it go mainstream.

You don’t need to waste your money on buying an expensive cars or booking airplane tickets…just buy a Teleporter instead.

If there aren’t any fuel vehicles then there won’t be any Global Warming...and there won’t be any apocalypse..

Nobody will be late for anywhere…

Disadvantages of teleportation:

The Only Disadvantage is that…it will make human-kind Lazy…

and if there happens to be any technical difficulty..one might end up losing his/her Life..or looking like a freak…

Don’t worry..there won’t be any,because..they’ll test it on animals first…just like old school sci-fi movies…

CONCLUSION: -

But like all technologies, scientists are sure to continue to improve upon the ideas of teleportation, to the point that we may one day be able to avoid such harsh methods.

One day, one of our descendents could finish up a work day at a space office above some far away planet in a galaxy many light years from Earth, tell his or her wristwatch that it's time to beam home for dinner on planet X below and sit down at the dinner table as soon as the words leave his mouth.

REFERENCES: -

www.howstuffwork.com

And Off course : www.wikipedia.org