Quantum Number Keep in mind are probabilities of finding electrons in certain places doing certain...
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Transcript of Quantum Number Keep in mind are probabilities of finding electrons in certain places doing certain...
![Page 1: Quantum Number Keep in mind are probabilities of finding electrons in certain places doing certain things(spin). n = what energy level (1, 2, 3, 4...)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551bce9c550346b9588b5341/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Quantum Number
• Keep in mind are probabilities of finding electrons in certain places doing certain things(spin).
• n = what energy level (1, 2, 3, 4 . . .)• l = what sub-level (s, p, d, or f)• m = which orbital (s=1; p=3; d=5; f=?)• s = which spin (only two possibilities up or
down)
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
• No two electrons ever have the same four quantum numbers in the same atom.
• Just as no two houses have the same address.
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How are these organized?
n = 1
n= 2
n = 3
n = 4
Level 1 sublevels
Level 2 sublevels
Level 4 sublevels
Level 3 sublevels
ss
ss
ss
ss
p p
pp
pp
dd
dd ff
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Remember: 1s is smaller than 2s, 2s is smaller than 3s, etc.
How about energy?
Which has the most?
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How do atoms put their electrons in these sublevels?
• Lowest energy levels are filled first.
• Sublevels are filled “s”, then “p”, then “d”, then “f”.
• Well, sort of...
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Orbitals
Pri
ncip
al q
uant
um n
umbe
r 3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
1s
2s 2p
5s 5p 5d 5f
6s 6p 6d 6f
7s 7p 7d 7f
s p d f
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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1s orbital holds two electrons
e-e-
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e-e-
Then consider the next orbital: 2s (which also holds only two e-.)
e- e-
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e-e-
Then consider the next orbital: 2p there are three of them
(which also hold two e-each)
e- e-
This is one of three.
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Electron configuration for … Scandium
• Look up the number of electrons (same as the number of protons).
• Use the diagonal rule.
• Scandium is #21. That means Sc has _____ electrons.
2621
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Electron configuration for … Scandium
1262622 3433221 dspspss
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21s
Energy level (Principle Quantum #)
# of electrons(add these)
Sublevel
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Electron configuration for … Scandium
1262622 3433221 dspspss
Add These
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PracticeElectron configurations for:
• Neon
• Aluminum
• Vanadium
12622 33221 pspss1s22s22p6
1s22s22p63s23p1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3