Quantitative Methods for Economic
Transcript of Quantitative Methods for Economic
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Okr or`` stuey nkt`s hki kn2 www.iurucpk.fka
Glydnl's Umlnc Udnc
Fknf`pt gds`e nkt`s
Tudntltdtlv` A`tmkes okr @fknkalfs
@fknkalfs LL(Gdfm`hkr ko Drts)
Er. Drfmdnd EusdeVmdhlnl
E`ptt. ko DrtsGlydnl Ilrhs Fkhh`i`, Bdlpur
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@fknkalfs LL 6
Okr or`` stuey nkt`s hki kn2 www.iurucpk.fka
Zughlsm`e gy 2
Umlnc UdncsGlydnl Irkup ko Fkhh`i`s
Fknf`pt & Fkpyrlimt 2
Glydnl Vmlcsmdn VdaltlV`ftkr-6, _lemydemdr Ndidr,Bdlpur-6:7 :76 (Wdbdstmdn)Zm 2 :454-766=694, 766=0
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Zr`odf`
L da ihde tk pr`s`nt tmls gkkc, `sp`fldhhy e`slin`e tk s`rv` tm` n``es ko tm`stue`nts. Um` gkkc mds g``n wrltt`n c``plni ln alne tm` i`n`rdh w`dcn`ss lnune`rstdnelni tm` ouneda`ntdh fknf`pts ko tm` tkplfs. Um` gkkc ls s`ho-`xphdndtkrydne dekpts tm` U`dfm \kurs`ho styh`. Lt ls gds`e kn qu`stlkn-dnsw`r pdtt`rn. Um`hdniudi` ko gkkc ls qult` `dsy dne une`rstdnedgh` gds`e kn sfl`ntlolf dpprkdfm.
Dny ourtm`r laprkv`a`nt ln tm` fknt`nts ko tm` gkkc gy adclni fkrr`ftlkns,
kalsslkn dne lnfhuslkn ls c``n tk g` dfml`v`e gds`e kn suii`stlkns orka tm` r`de`rsokr wmlfm tm` dutmkr smdhh g` kghli`e.
L dfcnkwh`ei` sp`fldh tmdncs tk Ar. Wdb``v Glydnl, Fmdlradn & Er. VdnbdyGlydnl, Elr`ftkr (Dfde.) Glydnl Irkup ko Fkhh`i`s, wmk dr` tm` gdfcgkn`s dne adlnfknf`pt prkvle`r dne dhsk mdv` g``n fknstdnt skurf` ko aktlvdtlkn tmrkuimkut tmls`ne`dvkur. Um`y phdy`e dn dftlv` rkh` ln fkkrelndtlni tm` vdrlkus stdi`s ko tmls`ne`dvkur dne sp`drm`de`e tm` pughlsmlni wkrc.
L hkkc okrwdre tk r`f`lvlni vdhudgh` suii`stlkns orka prko`sskrs ko vdrlkus`eufdtlkndh lnstltutlkns, ktm`r odfuhty a`ag`rs dne stue`nts okr laprkv`a`nt ko tm`
qudhlty ko tm` gkkc. Um` r`de`r ady o``h or`` tk s`ne ln tm`lr fkaa`nts dnesuii`stlkns tk tm` une`r a`ntlkn`e deer`ss.
Dutmkr
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@fknkalfs LL 0
Okr or`` stuey nkt`s hki kn2 www.iurucpk.fka
Vyhhdgus
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Fmdpt`r -4
Vtdtlstlfs2 Dn Lntrkeuftlkn
T-4 Ymdt ek yku a`dn gy Vtdtlstlfs;
Dns . Vtdtlstlfs mds g``n e`oln`e ln twk wdys, olrst lt ls e`oln`e ds stdtlstlfdh edtd
(Zhurdh s`ns`) wmlh` s`fkne ls Vtdtlstlfdh A`tmkes (Vlniuhdr s`ns`)
Vtdtlstlfdh Nua`rlfdh Edtd Vtdtlstlfdh A`tmkes
(phurdh s`ns`) (Vlniuhdr V`ns`)
Nua`rlfdh edtd wmlfm mdv` Vtdtlstlfdh ln tmls s`ns` mds g``n e`oln`e
okhhkwlni fmdrdft`rlstlf ds d sfl`nf` wmlfm prkvle` tkkhs okr-
tmdt fdhh`e stdtlstlfs
# Vtdtlstlfs dr` diir`idt` ko d odfts Fkhh`ftlkn
# Vtdtlstlfs dr` nua`rlfdh stdt`a`nt ko odfts
# Doo`ft`e gy auhtlphlflty ko fdus`s Fhdsslolfdtlkn
# W`dskndgh` stdnedre ko dffurdfy
# Vtdtlstlfs dr` fkhh`ft`e okr pr`e`t`raln`e Udguhdtlkn
Zurpks`
# Vtdtlstlfs aust g` fkhh`ft`e ln d Zr`s`ntdtlkn
# Vtdtlstlfs aust g` fkhh`ft`e ln d syst`adtlf adnn`r
# Um`y smkuhe g` phdf`e ln r`hdtlkn tk `dfm ktm`r Dndhysls
Lnt`rpr`tdtlkn
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@fknkalfs LL 9
Okr or`` stuey nkt`s hki kn2 www.iurucpk.fka
T-7 Ymdt tm` sugb`ft adtt`r ko stdtlstlfs;
Dns. Vugb`ft adtt`r ko stdtlstlfs elvle`e ln twk pdrts2-
Zrlnflph` ko Vtdtlstlfs Dpphl`e stdtlstlfs
4- Fkhh`ftlkn ko Edtd 4. E`sfrlptlv` stdtlstlfsSDv`rdi`, Elsp`rslkn, sc`wn`ss,
Lne`x Nuag`r, tr`nes `tf.Q
7- Fhdsslolfdtlkn 7 . Vfl`ntlolf Dpphl`e stdtlstlfSdsskfldtlkn ko dttrlgut`s
fkrr`hdtlkn, W`ir`sslknQ
6- Udguhdtlkn 6. Gusln`ss Vtdtlstlf2 SVtuey kovdrlkus prkgh`a r`hdtlni tk
gusln`ss tmrkuim Dndhysls dne
tm`lr skhutlkns)
5- Zr`s`ntdtlkn
0- Dndhysls
?- Lnt`rpr`tdtlkn
9- Okr`fdstlni
T.6 Ymdt ls tm` kgb`ft ko stdtlstlfs;
Dns 2 Um` adln kgb`ftlv` ko stdtlstlfs ls tk adc` s`ns` kut odfts dne oliur`s tk prkv`
tm` uncnkwns dne tk tmrkw hlimt kn vdrlkus prkgh`as.
Auhtlph` Fmklf` Tu`stlkns
T-4 Ymlfm ko tm` okhhkwlni stdt`a`nt ls tru` ;(d) Vtdtlstlfs ls e`rlv`e orka tm` Or`nfm wkre Vtdtlstlc(g) Vtdtlstlfs ls e`rlv`e orka tm` Hdtln wkre Vtdtus
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(f) Vtdtlstlfs ls e`rlv`e orka tm` Ltdhldn wkre Vtdtlstd(e) Nkn` ko tm` dgkv`.
T-7 Vtdtlstlfs ls fknf`rn`e wltm2
(d) Tudhltdtlv` lnokradtlkn(g) Tudntltdtlv` lnokradtlkn(f) @ltm`r (D) kr (G)(e) Gktm (D) kr (G)
T-6 Erlnclni mdglt ko d p`rskn ls 2(d)Dn dttrlgut`(g)D elsfr`t` vdrldgh`(f)D vdrldgh`(e)D Fkntlnukus vdrldgh`
T-5 Vtdtlstlfs ls e`oln`e ln t`ras ko nua`rlfdh edtd ln tm`(d)Vlniuhdr s`ns`(g)Zhurdh s`ns`(f)@ltm`r (D) kr (G)(e)Gktm (D) kr (G)
T-0 Adrcs ko d stue`nt ls dn `xdaph` ko 2(d)D fkntlnukus vdrldgh`(g)D elsfr`t` vdrldgh`(f)Dn dttrlgut`(e)Nkn` ko tm`s`.
T-? Dnnudh lnfka` ko d p`rskn ls2(d)D fkntlnukus vdrldgh`(g)D elsfr`t` vdrldgh`(f)Dn dttrlgut`(e)Nkn` ko tm`s`.
T-9 Dn dttrlgut` ls 2(d)D qudhltdtlv` fmdrdft`rlstlf(g)D a`dsur`dgh` fmdrdft`rlstlf(f)D qudntltdtlv` fmdrdft`rlstlf(e)Dhh tm`s`
T-= Ndtlkndhlty ko d stue`nt ls(d)Dn dttrlgut`(g)D elsfr`t` vdrldgh`(f)D fkntlnukus vdrldgh`(e)@ltm`r (D) kr (F)
T-< Edtd fkhh`ft`e kn r`hlilkn orka tm` f`nsus r`pkrts dr`
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@fknkalfs LL