Quantifying methane hydrate saturation in different geologic settings Gaurav Bhatnagar 1, George J....
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![Page 1: Quantifying methane hydrate saturation in different geologic settings Gaurav Bhatnagar 1, George J. Hirasaki 1, Walter G. Chapman 1 Brandon Dugan 2, Gerald.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab05997305f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Quantifying methane hydrate saturation in different geologic settings
Gaurav Bhatnagar1, George J. Hirasaki1, Walter G. Chapman1
Brandon Dugan2, Gerald R. Dickens2
1. Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering., Rice University2. Dept. of Earth Science, Rice University
AGU Fall MeetingDecember 13, 2006
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Objectives
• Develop a general numerical model for simulating accumulation of gas hydrates in marine sediments over geological time scales
• Use dimensionless scalings to depict hydrate saturation dependence on the large parameter set using a few simple plots
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Model schematic
Seafloor Seafloor
Sediment flux Us
Subsidence
Sedimentation
Subsidence
Sedimentation
Subsidence
Lt
BHSZ BHSZ
Hydrate layer extending downwards
Hydrate dissociation due to burial below BHSZ
Free gas might recycleback into HSZ
Fluid flux Uf,sed
External fluxUf,ext
TOC α0
Methane solubility curve
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Outline
Phase equilibrium
Component mass balances
Simulation Results
General hydrate distributions
![Page 5: Quantifying methane hydrate saturation in different geologic settings Gaurav Bhatnagar 1, George J. Hirasaki 1, Walter G. Chapman 1 Brandon Dugan 2, Gerald.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab05997305f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Phase Equilibrium
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Methane Solubility Profile• Vertical depth normalized with the depth of the BHSZ• Methane concentration normalized with triple point solubility
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Outline
Phase equilibrium
Component mass balances
Simulation Results
General hydrate distributions
![Page 8: Quantifying methane hydrate saturation in different geologic settings Gaurav Bhatnagar 1, George J. Hirasaki 1, Walter G. Chapman 1 Brandon Dugan 2, Gerald.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab05997305f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Component Mass Balances - Organic
• Assumptions– Sedimentation rate is constant with time– Densities of all components remain constant– Organic component advects with the sediment
velocity– Organic decay occurs through a first order reaction
Organic carbon in sediments
Convective fluxReaction term
Damkohler no. = Pe1 Peclet no. =m
tsedf
DLU ,
11(1 ) (1 )sPe U Da
t z
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Organic concentration profile
SedimentationReaction
,1 f sed
t
UPeDa L
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Component Mass Balances - Methane
• Assumptions
– Hydrate and gas phases form as soon as local solubility is exceeded (no kinetic limitation)
– Hydrate and gas phases advect with the same velocity as the sediments
![Page 11: Quantifying methane hydrate saturation in different geologic settings Gaurav Bhatnagar 1, George J. Hirasaki 1, Walter G. Chapman 1 Brandon Dugan 2, Gerald.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab05997305f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Methane Balance (contd.)
β : Normalized organic content at seafloor (quantifies net carbon input from top)
Pe2 : Peclet no. for external flow = = Ratio of (External Flux/Diffusion)m
textf
DLU ,
4
1 1
1 1 1(1 )
1 (1 ) (1 )(1 ) (1 )
1 (1 )
l h gh g m h m h g m g
l h gf m s h m h s g m g
lCH sm
h gorg f
S S c S c S ct
U c PeU S c PeU S cz
McS S Daz z M
(1 ) ,
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Outline
Phase equilibrium
Component mass balances
Simulation Results
General hydrate distributions
![Page 13: Quantifying methane hydrate saturation in different geologic settings Gaurav Bhatnagar 1, George J. Hirasaki 1, Walter G. Chapman 1 Brandon Dugan 2, Gerald.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab05997305f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hydrate accumulation with underlying free gas
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Hydrate accumulation without free gas below
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Outline
Phase equilibrium
Component mass balances
Simulation Results
General hydrate distributions
![Page 16: Quantifying methane hydrate saturation in different geologic settings Gaurav Bhatnagar 1, George J. Hirasaki 1, Walter G. Chapman 1 Brandon Dugan 2, Gerald.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab05997305f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Parameter space for biogenic sources
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Parameter space for biogenic sources with Da
For each pairof curves:
1. Hydrate formation with free gas below
2. Hydrate formation without free gas
3. No hydrate formation
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Scaling of variables
• Scale x-axis to represent net methane generated within the HSZ instead of just the input
Methane generatedwithin HSZ (from analytical solution to organic balance)
11z
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Scaled parameter space (biogenic source)
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• Compute average hydrate saturation <Sh> and plot contour plots
• Average hydrate saturation also scales with the scaling shown before
Hydrate saturation distribution (biogenic)
tL
ht
h zdzSL
S0
~)~(1
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Hydrate saturation averaged over GHSZ (biogenic)
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Parameter space for deeper sources
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Scaled parameter space for deeper sources
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• Again compute average hydrate saturation <Sh> as before
• Average hydrate saturation does not scale with the scaling shown before for this case (Pe1 + Pe2)
• The quantity that remains invariant in this case is the flux of hydrate, defined as Pe1<Sh>
• Scales with the original choice of dimensionless groups and is plotted along contour lines
Hydrate saturation distribution (deeper source)
tL
ht
h zdzSL
S0
~)~(1
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Hydrate saturations from deeper sourcesContours of Pe1<Sh>
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Sensitivity to seafloor parameters
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Conclusions• Better physical understanding of this system can be
obtained from our general dimensionless model compared to previous site-specific models
• Hydrate layer can extend down to BHSZ with free gas below or remain within HSZ with no free gas
• Dependence of hydrate saturation on various parameters can be depicted using simple contour maps. This helps in summarizing results from hundreds of simulations in just two plots.
• Hydrate saturation at any geological setting can be inferred from these plots without any new simulations
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Financial Support:
Shell Center for Sustainability
&
Kobayashi Graduate Fellowship