Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology

Quantification of faecal sludge by truck counting studies with the Private Emptiers’ Association in

Kampala

3rd Faecal Sludge Management Conference, Hanoi, Vietnam – 19.01.2015

L. Schoebitz*, C. Niwagaba**, J. Matovu***, L. Strande*

* Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology, Sandec: Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries , P. O. Box 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland

** Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering; School of Engineering; College of Engineering, Design, Art & Technology (CEDAT); Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.

*** Private Emptiers’ Association, Kampala, Uganda

204.04.2011

Three main points

1. What attempts/methods exist to quantify faecal sludge on a city-wide scale?

2. What is the benefit of a truck counting study?

3. What to do before, and how to implement a truck counting study?

2 Why truck counting?

1 How to quantify faecal sludge?

3 Kampala

(3) FS collection,

which estimates the current collection of

FS.

(2) FS volumes,

which estimates the current demand for FS

emptying, transport and treatment.

(1) FS production,

which estimates the future demand for FS emptying, transport

and treatment.

requires less resource intensive collection of

primary data,

requires very resource intensive collection of

primary data,

can be based on existing secondary

data,

Attempts at FS quantification include:

• calculated by: per capita production of

excreta,

• sludge accumulation rates in OSS technologies (septic tank vs. pit

latrine),• including population

growth projections,

• desludging intervals,

• use of system,

• existing legal discharge location,

• cooperation with service providers,

• performing a truck counting study,

• construction of system

• age of system,

• # of users per system,

• physical properties,

2 Why truck counting?

1 How to quantify faecal sludge?

3 Kampala

A truck counting study can be performed to…

(2) gain knowledge about how much faecal sludge is

currently collected,

(3) gain an understanding about faecal sludge

origins,

(4) gain an understanding about what type of

systems get emptied,

(6) plan and design appropriate treatment

facilities.

(4) …estimate markets for treatment endproducts

(5) provide knowledge for the operation of existing

treatment facilities

in addition to…(1) …cross-check existing data,

2 Why truck counting?

1 How to quantify faecal sludge?

3 Kampala

804.04.2011

First:

Literature research and cross-checking with existing records at local

discharge location.

How much FS is produced/collected?

9

Sanitation Master Plan

Reference: Fichtner Water & Transportation and M&E Associates (2008), Kampala Sanitation Program, Feasibility Study, Volume 1, Main Report

369 m3/d

How much is collected?

04.04.2011 10

Fact-checking!

• Official records

250 m3/d

How much is collected?

04.04.2011 11

Fact-checking!

• Interviews

444 m3/d

Then:

Implementation of truck counting study for two weeks with local Private

Emptiers’ Association.

577 m3/d

Lessons learned

1. A truck counting study is an effective tool to estimate how much faecal sludge is currently being collected.

2. A truck counting study can only be performed if strong collaborations with local emptying and transport service providers can be built up.

3. In Kampala, only 50% of the collected faecal sludge comes from households.

4. Unlined pits in Kampala are not getting emptied by mechanical emptying and transport service providers.

5. Further research is needed to identify unserved areas in Kampala and the demand for emptying of unlined pit latrines.

www.sandec.ch/faq facebook.com/sandec @Larnsce

Funding

Kampala

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC)Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA)

Dr. Charles Niwagaba, Dr. James Semuwemba, Mr. Enos Malambala, Mr. James Maiteki, Ms. Daphine Achiro, Ms. Ritha Tayebwa,

Acknowledgements

Questions?

www.sandec.ch/faq @Larnsce