Quality management 3

Quality Basic Tools

[email protected]

Seven Basic QUALITY Tools

Aditya Kurniawan

POLITEKNIK KOTA MALANG

Mind MAP of QUALITY

QPE is the TARGET parameter SIX SIGMA is the ASSESMENT method SEVEN TOOLS is the QUALITY tools

Aditya Kurniawan


Seven BASIC tools of quality

• Check Sheet

• Stratification

• Histogram

• Pareto Charts

• Ishikawa Diagram / Fishbone Diagram

• Scatter Diagram

• Control Chart

Aditya Kurniawan


Check Sheet / Tally sheet

Taken From QPE

Aditya Kurniawan


Check sheet procedure

• Classification: A trait such as a defect or failure mode must be classified into a category.

• Location: The physical location of a trait is indicated on a picture of a part or item being evaluated.

• Frequency: The presence or absence of a trait or combination of traits is indicated. Also number of occurrences of a trait on a part can be indicated.

• Measurement Scale: A measurement scale is divided into intervals, and measurements are indicated by checking an appropriate interval.

Aditya Kurniawan


Check sheet- Classification

• Classification: A trait such as a defect or failure mode must be classified into a category.

Classification of defects/failure must be technically identified

example:

Dimension

Motor speed

Wheel clearance

Aditya Kurniawan



Aditya Kurniawan


Check sheet- Location

• Location: The physical location of a trait is indicated on a picture of a part or item being evaluated. Location of defects/failure must be identified

example: Schneider manuf.Cikarang Dripper line 2 Molding room 14 Hyundai machine ltd

Aditya Kurniawan



Aditya Kurniawan


Check sheet- Frequency

• Frequency: The presence or absence of a trait or combination of traits is indicated. Also number of occurrences of a trait on a part can be indicated.

Frequency of defects/failure must be identified (by a check or stripe)

example:

√ √ √ √ √ √

Aditya Kurniawan



Aditya Kurniawan


Check sheet- Scale

• Measurement Scale: A measurement scale is divided into intervals, and measurements are indicated by checking an appropriate interval.

Measurements scale of defects/failure must be identified

example: Dimension : mm – failure tolerance OUT > 100mm High 60-100mm Medium 30-59mm Low 3 – 29mm

Aditya Kurniawan


Check Sheet / Tally sheet ???

Aditya Kurniawan


Check sheet – even A simple one works

Aditya Kurniawan


Stratification

A classification order of a problem Example : Classification by DATE Classification by DEFECTS Classification by SHIFT Classification by LOCATION

Aditya Kurniawan


Stratification A sample taken everyday SUNDAY to SATURDAY

Aditya Kurniawan


Stratification By dates

DATES Month 1 Month 2 Month 3

Sunday 0 0 0

Monday 10 9 8

Tuesday 13 15 14

Wednesday 10 9 7

Thursday 5 3 4

Friday 4 3 5

Saturday 0 0 0

Aditya Kurniawan


Stratification By location

DATES Month 1 Month 2 Month 3

Line 1 42 44 41

Line 2 36 33 34

Line 3 54 66 56

Line 4 22 23 23

Line 5 12 11 10

Line 6 44 42 43

Line 7 34 33 31

Aditya Kurniawan


HISTOGRAM

A classification order of a problem GRAPH Example : Histogram by DATE Histogram by DEFECTS Histogram by SHIFT Histogram by LOCATION

Aditya Kurniawan


Make a Check sheet • Make a check sheet design for the production of

your previous internship (prakerin) in excel

Make stratification • Make a stratification design for the production

of your previous internship (prakerin) in excel

Make histogram • Make a histogram design for the production of

your previous internship (prakerin) in excel

DATE

S

Month

1

Month

2

Month

3

Line 1 42 44 41

Line 2 36 33 34

Line 3 54 66 56

Line 4 22 23 23

Line 5 12 11 10

Line 6 44 42 43

Line 7 34 33 31

Aditya Kurniawan


PARETO chart

A classification order / prioritizing order

– Pareto charts are used to identify and prioritize problems to be solved.

– They are actually histograms aided by the 80/20 rule adapted by Joseph Juran.

•Remember the 80/20 rule states that approximately 80% of the problems are created by approximately 20% of the causes.

Aditya Kurniawan


PARETO chart

Aditya Kurniawan


PARETO CHART A sample taken with 10 types of defect

Aditya Kurniawan


PARETO CHART Monthly view table

Type of defects Month 1 Month 2 Month 3

Supply part rusted 22 29 21

Misaligned weld 2 4 3

Improper test 4 5 2

Wrong part 2

Void in casting 2 4

Film on part 4 4 4

Incorrect dimension 10 9 10

Adhesive failure 2 2

Aditya Kurniawan


PARETO CHART Monthly view chart

0

5

10

15

20

25

Month 1

Month 1

Aditya Kurniawan


Ishikawa diagram / fishbone

A brainstorming of cause and effect

Created by defining some general casualties Example : MAN ENVIRONMENT MACHINE METHOD

Aditya Kurniawan




And by defining some SUB general casualties Example : MAN -skills -experience -pride

Aditya Kurniawan




And even by defining some MORE minor SUB general casualties Example : MAN -skills - training - educational background -experience -pride

Aditya Kurniawan




And one effect Example : Supply part rusted Misaligned weld Improper test Wrong part Void in casting Film on part Incorrect dimension Adhesive failure

Aditya Kurniawan




Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram

A diagram showing relationship between independent X and dependent Y variables

– Opt one casualty as independent variable X

(from the control variable casualties)

– Opt one effect as dependent variable Y (from the dependent variable effect)

Aditya Kurniawan



EXAMPLE of picking x variable

Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram



(from the Communication branch) =>

(lack of information) =>

(Add new information item)

Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram



Adding quantities of information (confirmation) from 1 to 6 1. Telephone number 2. Mobile phone number 3. Email address 4. Secondary address 5. Office address 6. Mail box address

Aditya Kurniawan




Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram


– Opt one casualty as independent variable Y

(Incorrect delivery)

Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram


– Opt one casualty as independent variable Y

The quantity of incorrect delivery in 1 month / in 1000 order

Aditya Kurniawan




Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram Showing degree of correlation and dependency

Bivarian Pearson Analysis

Trivarian Pearson Analysis

Aditya Kurniawan


Bivarian Scatter Diagram Analysis

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC)

Axes variable Y Dependent

Axes variable X Independent / test variable

Aditya Kurniawan


Trivarian Scatter Diagram Analysis

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) Single control variable

Axes variable Z Dependent


Axes variable Y Dependent

Aditya Kurniawan


Trivarian Scatter Diagram Analysis

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) Double control variable

Axes variable Z Dependent


Axes variable Y Independent / test variable

Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram

Correlation table PEARSON COEFFICIENT

Correlation Negative Positive

None −0.09 to 0.0 0.0 to 0.09

Small −0.3 to −0.1 0.1 to 0.3

Medium −0.5 to −0.3 0.3 to 0.5

Large −1.0 to −0.5 0.5 to 1.0

Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram

Correlation test 2 3 4 3 2 3 4 5 4 3

4 5 6 5 6 5 4 3 4 6

7 8 6 7 6 5 6 7 5 6

7 8 6 5 4 5 6 7 8 6

7 6 7 8 6 5 6 7 8 5

4 3 3 3 2 3 5 5 3 2

3 4 3 2 3 4 5 3 2 3

3 4 2 4 5 5 4 3 4 3

X = X

Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram


3 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 5 5

4 4 5 6 6 7 6 5 7 6

5 6 5 4 5 6 7 6 5 4

6 5 4 5 6 5 4 5 6 4

6 5 4 5 6 5 4 5 6 5

4 4 5 4 6 6 6 5 6 7

5 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 6 5

X = X

Aditya Kurniawan


Scatter Diagram


7 7 8 9 8 9 7 8 9 10

11 12 11 3 3 4 5 5 6 5

6 7 6 7 6 7 8 7 8 7

8 9 8 9 8 9 10 10 11 11

12 12 12 13 14 14 14 12 11 9

8 9 8 7 8 9 8 7 6 7

8 9 10 11 11 12 13 11 12 13

X = X

Quality management 3

Documents

Transcript of Quality management 3