Quality Improvement Methodologies and Tools
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METHODOLOGIES & TOOLS FOR
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Presented on
“QUALITY DAY”
By
Dr. Aqeel Ahmed KhanTQM-ACH
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This Means:
Steadily improving each person’s ability to:
Recognize and define important problems
PSolve them DLearn from problem solving CShare the learning with others A
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What is problem?
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Methodologies
PDCA-CQI
DMAIC
DMADV
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Methodology
• PDCA-CQI• DMAIC• DMADV
• CQI was originally developed by Walter Shewhart, and is often referred to as the "Shewhart Cycle". It was taken up and promoted effectively from the 1950s by the famous Quality Management authority W. Edwards Deming, and is consequently known by many as "the Deming Wheel".
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PLANPlan carefully what is to be
done
Phase 1 - Identify the Opportunity
Phase 2 - Analyze the Current Process
Phase 3 - Develop the Optimal Solution
DOCarry out the plan
(do it)
Phase 4 - Implement Changes
CHECKCheck the Results.
Did the plan work as intended or were the results different?
Phase 5 - Study the Results
ACTAct on the results by
identifying what worked as planned and what didn't.
Phase 6 - Standardize the Solution
Phase 7 - Plan for the Future
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Methodology
• PDCA-CQI
• DMAIC (duh-may-ick)• DMADV
DMAIC is an acronym for five (5) interconnected phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. It refers to a data-driven quality strategy for improving processes.
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Methodology
• PDCA-CQI• DMAIC (duh-may-ick)
• DMADV
DMADV consists of five (5) interconnected phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design and Verify. It is a data-driven quality strategy for designing products and processes, It is also an integral part of a Six Sigma Quality Initiative.
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Tools for Quality Managementor Quality Improvement
There are for the 7 Basic Tools which we are going to define.
Generally they can be subdivided into:
mathematical statistical Tools logical tools
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7 Basic Quality Control Tools
The concept behind the seven basic tools came from Kaoru Ishikawa, a renowned quality expert from Japan.
According to Ishikawa, 95% of quality-
related problems can be resolved with these basic tools.
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7 Basic Quality Control Tools
Basic Quality control tools 1. Cause and effect diagram
2. Control Charts
3. Check sheets
4. Histograms
5. Pareto charts
6. Scatter Diagram
7. Flow Charts
a. Deployment flow charts
b. Linear or activity flow charts
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Cause and Effect Diagrams
It’s a diagram that demonstrates the relationship between Effects and the categories of their causesThe Arrangement of the Diagram lets it look like a fishbone it is therefore also called fish-bone diagram
Its is used for RCA
14
effect
Cause bCause a
Cause dCause c
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Control Charts
Statistical tool, showing whether A process is in control or not Taking samples of a process and detect possibility of process being out of
control
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Y
X
Upper limit
Lower limit
Average/Spec
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Histograms
A Histogram is a bar graph usually used to present frequency data
Histograms provide an easy way to evaluate the distribution of Data over different categories
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LSL USL
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Pareto Charts
A Pareto Chart is a Histogram Pareto Charts are used to apply the 80/20 rule of Joseph Juran which states that 80% of the problems are the result of 20% of the problems.
A Pareto Chart can be used to identify that 20% route causes of problem.
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Type
X
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Scatter Diagrams
▪ Statistical tool showing a trend in a series of values.
▪ Demonstrating correlations between values and showing trends for value changes.
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Y
X
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Flow Charts
Way of representing a Procedure using simple symbols and arrows
A Flow chart lets a process or procedure be understood easily it also demonstrate the relationships between the elements.
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Input WithinSpec?Process Output
adjust
Yes
No
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Run Charts
▪ Run Charts are representing change
in measurement over a sequence or time
▪ Determining Cyclic Events and there average character
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Time
Mea
sure
men
t
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7 Management and Planning Tools
The essentials of this tool set for full support for complex decision making, identifying key issues and causes of persistent problems.
It will show the ways to involve teams for continuous improvements, performance analysis and problem solving.
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7 Management and Planning Tools
Management and Planning Tools
1. Activity network diagram
2. Affinity Diagram
3. Interrelationship diagram
4. Prioritization matrix
5. Process decision Program chart
6. Tree diagram
7. Matrix Diagram
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Current Tasks and works of TQM in Arar Central Hospital
Renewal of Policies & Procedures
Activation of Committees Improvement projects by all
departments Implementation of CBAHI
standardsReconstruction of Strategic
PlansProvision of guidance &
supervision for Quality Improvement Tasks
Coordination & support to all departments for all required works
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Wish you successful improvements
THANK YOU