QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Cindy Lou T. LawasPractical Research 1

12:30-2:30

BRAINSTORMING SESSION

Directions: How knowledgeable are you about your surroundings. How can you know more about people, places, and things in this world? Share with your classmates some ways and techniques you know about becoming knowledgeable about a lot of things in this world such as those within your own world , among your friends, schoolmates, loved ones and so on. What do you know about the qualitative research as a

method of understanding your surroundings better?

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

This is a type of research that puts premium or high value on people’s thinking or point of view conditioned by their personal traits. It usually takes place in soft sciences like sciences, politics, economics, humanities, education, psychology, nursing, and all business-related subjects.

IN A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THE REALITY IS CONDITIONED

BY:

Society and people’s intention involving cause-effect relationship

Things are studied in their natural setting which conclude that qualitative research is an act of inquiry or investigation of real-life events.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

HUMAN UNDERSTANDING AND INTERPRETATION

Data analysis results show an individual’s mental, social, spiritual understanding of the world. Hence, through their own worldviews, you come to know what kind of human being he or she is, including his or her values, beliefs, likes, and dislikes.

ACTIVE, POWERFUL, AND FORCEFUL

As every stage of qualitative research continuously changes, researcher finds the need to amend or rephrase interview questions and consider varied ways of getting answers. He is not fixated to a certain plan but rather he is inclined to discover his research paper design as his study gradually unfolds or reveals itself in accordance with his research objective.

MULTI RESEARCH APPROACHES AND METHODS

Allows a researcher to approach or plan his study in varied ways. He is free to combine this with quantitative research and use all gathered data and analysis and techniques.

It applies all research types: descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, case study, etc.

SPECIFICITY TO GENERALIZATION

It follows an inductive or scientific method of thinking, where it starts with a particular or specific concept that will eventually lead to more complex ideas such as generalizations or conlcuisons.

CONTEXTUALIZATION

Examining the context or situation of an individual’s life—the who, what, why, how, and other circumstances affecting his or her way of life

DIVERSIFIED DATA IN REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS

Collecting data in a natural setting like observing people as they live and work, analyzing photographs or videos as they genuinely appear to people, looking at classrooms unchanged or adjusted to people’s intentional observation.

ABOUNDS WITH WORDS AND VISUALS

Data gathering through interviews, library reading, presenting of data analysis results, presenting people’s worldviews through visual presentation

INTERNAL ANALYSIS

Examining the data yielded by the internal traits of the subject individual

Studying people’s perception or views about the topic

In case of objects, the investigation centers on underlying theories or principles that govern these materials and their usefulness to people.

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

CASE STUDY

Usually takes place in the field or social care, nursing, psychology, rehabilitation centers, education, etc.

Involves a long-time study of a person, group, organization, or situation.

Seeks answers to why such thing occurs to the subject

Data collection methods involve interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentary analysis

ETHNOGRAPHY

The study of a particular cultural group to get a clear understanding of its organizational set-up, internal operation, and lifestyle.

It reveals the nature or characteristics of their own culture through the world perceptions of the cultural group members

PHENOMENOLOGY

Something known through sensory experience, it refers to the study of how people understand their experiences meaningful

Its primary goal is to make people understand their experiences about death of loved ones, care for handicapped persons, friendliness of people, etc.

CONTENT AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Content AnalysisA method of quantitative research that requires

an analysis or examination of the substance or content of the mode of communication (letters, books, journals ,photos , videos recordings, SMS, online messages, emails, audio-visual materials ,etc.) used by a person, group, organization, or any institution in communicating

Discoursea study of language structures used in the

medium of communication to discover the effects of sociological, cultural, institutional, and ideological factors on the content makes it a discourse analysis

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

The examination of primary documents to understand the connection of past events to the present time.

GROUNDED THEORY

Takes place in the discovery of a new theory to underlie a study at the time of data collection and analysis

Through observation on the subjects, one can find a theory that applies to the current study

ADVANTAGES OR STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter, which means that those involve in the research understand things based on what they find meaningful.

2. It promotes a full understanding of human behavior or personality traits in their natural setting.

3. It is instrumental for positive societal changes.4. In engenders respect for people’s individuality as it demands

the researcher’s careful and attentive stand toward people’s world views

5. It is a way of understanding and interpreting social interactions.6. It increases the researcher’s interest in the study as it includes the researcher’s experience or background knowledge in interpreting verbal and visual data.7. It offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about something

DISADVANTAGES OR WEAKNESSES OF QUALITATIVE

RESEARCH

1. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis.

2. It is hard to know the validity or reliability of the data.

3. It is time-consuming.4. It involves several processes, which results greatly

depend on the researcher’s views or interpretations

INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

Explain the concepts you have learned by answering the following questions.

1. What comes to your mind the moment you hear qualitative research?

2. If you want to conduct a research study about your favorite restaurant in town, what method of qualitative research is appropriate for your study? Explain your choice.

3. Differentiate subjectivity and objectivity.

4. How is grounded theory different from other qualitative research methods?5. Is the researcher himself the data gathering himself? Why? Why not?6. Can all research methods be used in one research study? Give reasons for your answer.7. Pretend that you are the subject of a phenomenological study, how will the researcher obtain data through you?8. Given the chance to research, would you right away choose qualitative research? Give reasons.9. If you will do qualitative research about the area in which your house is situated, what could be your research problem or topic?

ACTIVITY 2

Name the type of qualitative research best situated for the following topics.

1. The Mangyans’ Burial Practices2. Relative of Typhoon Victims3. The Effectiveness of the K-12 Curriculum4. Spiderman: The Very First Film in the 21st Century5. Philippines’ Political Party System: Then and Now6. Filipino Caregivers in Japan7. Travails of Senior Citizens at the LRT/MRT Stations8. The Lone Grade VI Speed Reader of UST High School9. Grade 11 Science Textbook10.Students Activism Since the Marcos ERa