Quainton Road railway station

8/10/2019 Quainton Road railway station

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Quainton Road railway stationwas opened in 1868 in under-developed countryside

nearQuainton,in theEnglishcounty ofBuckinghamshire,44 miles (71 km) fromLondon.Built by

theAylesbury and Buckingham Railway,it was the result of pressure from the3rd Duke of

Buckinghamto route the railway near his home atWotton Houseand to open a railway station at the

nearest point to it. Serving a relatively unpopulated area, Quainton Road was a crude railway

station, described as "extremely primitive".

The Duke of Buckingham built a shorthorse-drawntramwayto transport goods between his estates

at Wotton and a terminus adjacent to the station. He extended it soon afterwards to provide a

passenger service to the town ofBrill,& the tramway was converted to locomotive operation, known

as theBrill Tramway.All goods to and from the Brill Tramway passed through Quainton Road,

making it relatively heavily used despite its geographical isolation, and traffic increased further when

construction began onFerdinand de Rothschild's mansion ofWaddesdon Manor.The plan of

extending the Brill Tramway to Oxford, which would have made Quainton Road a majorjunction

station,was abandoned. Instead, the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway and the Brill Tramway

were absorbed by London'sMetropolitan Railway(MR), which already operated the line from

Aylesbury to London. The MR rebuilt Quainton Road and re-sited it to a more convenient location,

allowing through running between the Brill Tramway and the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway.

When theGreat Central Railway(GCR) from the north of England opened, Quainton Road became

a significant junction at which trains from four directions met, and by far the busiest of the MR's rural

stations.

In 1933 the Metropolitan Railway was taken into public ownership to become theMetropolitan lineof

theLondon Passenger Transport Board'sLondon Underground,including Quainton Road. The LPTBaimed to move away from freight operations, and saw no way in which the rural parts of the MR

could be made into viable passenger routes. In 1935 the Brill Tramway was closed. From 1936

Underground trains were withdrawn north of Aylesbury, leaving theLondon and North Eastern

Railway(successor to the GCR) as the only operator using the station, although Underground

services were restored for a short period in the 1940s. In 1963 stopping passenger services were

withdrawn but fast passenger trains continued to pass through. In 1966 the line was closed to

passenger traffic and local goods trains ceased using the station. The line through the station was

singled and used by occasional freight trains only.

In 1969 the Quainton Road Society was formed with the aim of preserving the station. In 1971, itabsorbed the London Railway Preservation Society, taking over its collection of historic railway

equipment. The station was fully restored and reopened as a museum, the Buckinghamshire

Railway Centre.In addition to the original station buildings, the museum has also acquired the

formerOxford Rewley Road railway stationand a London Transport building fromWembley Park,

both of which have been reassembled on the site. Although no scheduled trains pass through

Quainton Road, the station remains connected to the railway network. Freight trains still use this line,
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am_and_Chandoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aylesbury_and_Buckingham_Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckinghamshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton


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and passenger trains still call at the station for special events at the Buckinghamshire Railway

Centre.

Contents

[hide]

1 Origins

2 Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway

3 Wotton Tramway

o 3.1 Expansion of the Wotton Tramway

4 Metropolitan Railway takeover of the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway

5 Wotton Tramway Oxford extension scheme

6 Oxford & Aylesbury Tramroad

7 Re-siting

8 Metropolitan Railway takeover of Oxford & Aylesbury Tramroad services

9 Great Central Railway

o 9.1 Great Western and Great Central Joint Railway

10 London Transport

11 Closure

12 Restoration

13 See also

14 Notes and references

o 14.1 Notes

o 14.2 References

o 14.3 Bibliography

15 Further reading

16 External links

Origins[edit]On 15 June 1839 entrepreneur and formerMember of ParliamentforBuckinghamSir Harry Verney,

2nd Baronet,opened theAylesbury Railway.[1]Built under the direction ofRobert Stephenson,[2]it

connected theLondon and Birmingham Railway'sCheddington railway stationon theWest Coast

Main LinetoAylesbury High Street railway stationin easternAylesbury,the first railway station in

theAylesbury Vale.[3]On 1 October 1863 theWycombe Railwayopened a branch line fromPrinces

Risborough railway stationtoAylesbury railway stationon the western side of Aylesbury, making

Aylesbury the terminus of two small and unconnected branch lines.[3]

Meanwhile, to the north of Aylesbury theBuckinghamshire Railwaywas being built by Sir HarryVerney.[4]The scheme consisted of a line running roughly southwest to northeast from Oxford

toBletchleyand a line running southeast fromBrackleyviaBuckingham,joining roughly halfway

along the OxfordBletchley line .[5]The first section opened on 1 May 1850, and the rest opened on

20 May 1851.[5]The Buckinghamshire Railway intended to extend the line southwards to connect to

its station at Aylesbury, but this extension was not built.[1]
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Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville(10 September 1823

26 March 1889),[3]the only son ofRichard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville,

2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos,was in serious financial difficulties by the middle of the 19th

century.[6]The 2nd Duke had spent heavily on artworks, womanising, and attempting to influence

elections,[6]

and by 1847 he was nicknamed "the Greatest Debtor in the World".[7]

Over 40,000 acres(16,000 ha) of the family's 55,000-acre (22,000 ha) estates and their London home atBuckingham

Housewere sold to meet debts, and the family seat ofStowe Housewas seized by bailiffs as

security and its contents sold.[6]The only property remaining in the control of the Grenville family was

the family's relatively small ancestral home ofWotton Houseand its associated lands aroundWotton

Underwoodin Buckinghamshire.[8]Deeply in debt, the Grenvilles began to look for ways to maximise

profits from their remaining farmland around Wotton, and to seek business opportunities in the

emerging fields of heavy industry and engineering.[3]Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-

Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, who became theMarquess of Chandoson the death of his

grandfatherRichard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham andChandosin 1839, was appointed chairman of theLondon and North Western Railway(LNWR) on

27 May 1857.[3]On the death of his father on 29 July 1861 he became the 3rd Duke of Buckingham

and Chandos,[6]and resigned from the chairmanship of the LNWR, returning to Wotton House to

manage the family's remaining estates.[3]

Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway[edit]

Main article:Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway

On 6 August 1860 theAylesbury and Buckingham Railway(A&B), with the 3rd Duke (then still

Marquess of Chandos) as chairman and Sir Harry Verney as deputy chairman, was incorporated by

Act of Parliament with the object of connecting the Buckinghamshire Railway (by now operated by

the LNWR) to Aylesbury.[5]The 2nd Duke used his influence to ensure the new route would run

viaQuainton,near his remaining estates around Wotton, instead of the intended more direct route

viaPitchcott.[9][10]Beset by financial difficulties, the line took over eight years to build, eventually

opening on 23 September 1868.[5]The new line was connected to the Wycombe Railway's Aylesbury

station, and joined the existing Buckinghamshire Railway lines at the point where the Oxford

Bletchley line and the line to Buckingham already met.[5]Verney Junction railway stationwas built at

the point where the lines joined, named after Sir Harry who owned the land on which it was built,

since there was no nearby town.[11]Aylesbury now had railways to the east, north and southwest, but

no line southeast towards London and the Channel ports.

Quainton Road station was built on a curve in the line at the nearest point to the Duke's estates at

Wotton.[12]Six miles (10 km) northwest of Aylesbury,[13]it was southwest of the small village of

Quainton and immediately northwest of the road connecting Quainton toAkeman Street.[12][note 1]The

railway towards Aylesbury crossed the road via alevel crossingimmediately southeast of the
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station.[12]The Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway had spent most of their limited budget on the

construction of the line itself.[15]Details of the design of the original Quainton Road station are lost,

but it is likely that the station had a single timber-covered earth platform and minimal buildings ;[15][16]it

was described in 1890 as being extremely primitive.[17]

Wotton Tramway[edit]

Main article:Brill Tramway

A complex arrangement of sidings, level crossings and a turntable were the only link between the Wotton Tramway

and the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway at Quainton Road.

With a railway now running near the boundary of the Wotton House estate at Quainton Road, the 3rd

Duke decided to open a small-scale agricultural railway to connect the estate to the railway.[18]The

line was intended purely for the transport of construction materials and agricultural produce, and not

passengers.[19]The line was to run roughly southwest from Quainton Road to anew railway

stationnear Wotton Underwood. Just west of the station at Wotton the line split. One section would

run west toWood Sidingnear Brill. A short stub called Church Siding would run northwest into the

village of Wotton Underwood itself, terminating near the parish church, and a 1 mile 57 chain (1 mile

1,254 yards; 2.8 km) siding would run north to a coal siding nearKingswood.[20]

Construction began on the line on 8 September 1870.[10]It was built as cheaply as possible, using the

cheapest available materials and winding around hills wherever feasible to avoid expensive

earthworks.[20]The station platforms were crude earth banks 6 inches (150 mm) high, held in place

by wooden planks.[20]

As the Duke intended that the line be worked byhorses,it was builtwithlongitudinal sleepersto reduce the risk of them tripping.[21]

On 1 April 1871 the section between Quainton Road and Wotton was formally opened by the Duke

in a brief ceremony.[22][note 2]At the time of its opening the line was unnamed, although it was referred

to as "The Quainton Tramway" in internal correspondence.[23][note 3]The extension from Wotton to

Wood Siding was complete by 17 June 1871; the opening date of the northern branch to Kingswood
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is not recorded, but it was not yet fully open in February 1873.[19]The London and North Western

Railway immediately began to operate a dedicated service from Quainton Road, with three vans per

week of milk collected from the Wotton estate shipped toBroad Street.[26]Passengers were not

carried, other than estate employees and people accompanying livestock.[26]

The tramway did not link to the A&B, but had its own station at Quainton Road at a right angle to the

A&B.[5]A 13-foot (4.0 m) diameterturntableat the end of the tramway linked to a spur from the

A&B.[5][21]This spur ran behind a goods shed, joining the A&B line to the northwest of the road .[27]The

Tramway had no buildings at Quainton Road, using the A&B's facilities when necessary.[28]As the

tramway ran on the east side of the road, opposite the station, the spur line had its own level

crossing to reach the main line.[12]In 1871 permission was granted to build a direct connection

between the two lines, but it was not built.[27]

Expansion of the Wotton Tramway[edit]

Railways in and around the Aylesbury Vale, 1872. The important town of Aylesbury was served by railways in all

directions other than southeast towards London and the Channel ports. Quainton Road was the only connection

between the Brill Tramway and the rest of the railway network.[note 4]

In late 1871 the residents ofBrill,the former seat of theMercian kingsand the only significant town

near Wotton House,[29]petitioned the Duke to extend the route to Brill and to run a passenger service

on the line.[19]In January 1872 a passenger timetable was published for the first time, and the line

was officially named the "Wotton Tramway",[23]but it was commonly known as the "Brill Tramway"

from its opening to passengers until closure.[30]The new terminus ofBrillopened in March

1872.[31]With horses unable to cope with the loads being carried, the Tramway was upgraded

forlocomotiveuse. The lightly laid track with longitudinal sleepers limited the locomotive weight to a

maximum of nine tons,[32]lighter than almost all locomotives then available, so it was not possible to

use standard locomotives.[33]Twotraction enginesconverted for railway use were bought

fromAveling and Porterat a cost of 398 (about 31,000 as of 2014) each.[33][34]The locomotives
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a.org/wiki/Locomotivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchellSmith2006.C2.A727-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchellSmith2006.C2.A727-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchellSmith2006.C2.A727-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveling_and_Porterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveling_and_Porterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveling_and_Porterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brill_area_railway_diagram_1872.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveling_and_Porterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchellSmith2006.C2.A727-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemuth20036-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones201043-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198416-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198412-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheahan1862339-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercian_kingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-Not_to_scale-32http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quainton_Road_railway_station&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198456-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchellSmith2006.C2.A7V-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson198520-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198456-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton19846-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton19846-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turntable_(rail)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton19846-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones19749-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones19749-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Street_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198412-20


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were chosen on grounds of weight and reliability, and had a top speed on the level of only 8 miles

per hour (13 km/h),[33]taking 9598 minutes to travel the six miles (10 km) between Brill and

Quainton Road, an average speed of 4 miles per hour (6.4 km/h) .[35]

The line was heavily used for the shipment of bricks from the brickworks around Brill,[36]and of cattle

and milk from the dairy farms on the Wotton estate. By 1875 the line was carrying around

40,000 gallons (180,000 l; 48,000 US gal) of milk each year.[37]Delivery oflinseed caketo the dairy

farms and of coal to the area's buildings were also important uses of the line.[38]The line also began

to carry large quantities of manure from London to the area's farms, carrying 3,200 tons (3,300 t) in

1872.[39]As it was the only physical link between the Tramway and the national railway network,

almost all of this traffic passed through Quainton Road station.[40]

By the mid-1870s the slow speed of the Aveling and Porter locomotives and their unreliability and

inability to handle heavy loads were recognised as major problems for the Tramway.[36]In

1874Ferdinand de Rothschildbought a 2,700-acre (1,100 ha) site near the Tramway'sWaddesdon

stationto use as a site for his country mansion ofWaddesdon Manor.[41]The Tramway's

management recognised that the construction works would lead to a significant increase in the

haulage of heavy goods, and that the Aveling and Porter engines would be unable to cope with the

increased loads.[42]The newly established engineering firm ofW. G. Bagnallwrote to the Duke

offering to hire a locomotive to him for trials.[42]The offer was accepted, and on 18 December 1876

the locomotive was delivered.[42]The tests were generally successful and an order was placed to buy

a locomotive from Bagnall for 640 (about 52,600 in 2014) which was delivered on 28 December

1877.[34][42]With trains now hauled by the Bagnall locomotive (the Kingswood branch generally

remained worked by horses, and occasionally by the Aveling and Porter engines), traffic levels soon

rose.[42]Milk traffic rose from 40,000 gallons carried in 1875 to 58,000 gallons (260,000 l;

70,000 US gal) in 1879,[37]and in 1877 the Tramway carried a total of 20,994tons(21,331 t) of

goods.[43]In early 1877 the Tramway was shown onBradshawmaps for the first time, and from May

1882 Bradshawincluded its timetable.[44]

Quainton Road station in 2006, showing the platform formerly used by trains to Brill. The building on the platform now

houses an exhibition on the Brill Tramway.
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ailway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198430-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198430-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bradshaw#Bradshaw.27s_railway_timetableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bradshaw#Bradshaw.27s_railway_timetableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bradshaw#Bradshaw.27s_railway_timetableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198443-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198443-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198443-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quainton_Road_-_Brill_platform.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198443-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bradshaw#Bradshaw.27s_railway_timetableshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198430-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_tonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198422-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198427-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-inflation-UK-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-inflation-UK-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198427-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198427-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._G._Bagnallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198427-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198428-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waddesdon_Manorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waddesdon_Road_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waddesdon_Road_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Rothschildhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198426-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198434-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones197412-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimpson198536-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linseed_cakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198422-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198426-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198418-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quainton_Road_railway_station#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelton198413-37


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Although the introduction of the Bagnall locomotives and the traffic generated by the works at

Waddesdon Manor had boosted the line's fortunes, it remained in serious financial difficulty. The

only connection with the national railway network was by the turntable at Quainton Road. Although

the 3rd Duke of Buckingham was both the owner of the Wotton Tramway and Chairman of the A&B,

the latter regarded the Tramway as a nuisance, and in the 1870s pursued a policy of chargingdisproportionately high fees for through traffic between the Tramway and the main line, with the

intention of forcing the Tramway out of business.[45]A&B trains would deliberately miss connections

with the Tramway, causing milk shipped via Quainton Road to become unsellable.[46]The Tramway

sought legal advice and was informed that the Duke would be likely to win a legal action against the

A&B. However, the A&B was in such a precarious financial position that any successful legal action

against it would likely have forced its through Quainton Road to close, severing the Tramway's

connection with the national network.[47]Many Tramway passengers changed trains at Quainton

Road to continue their journey on the A&B; in 1885, 5,192 passengers did so .[40]The Tramway's

management suggested that the A&B subsidise the Tramway to the sum of 25 (about 2,400 in2014) per month to allow passenger services to continue, but the A&B agreed to pay only 5 (about

500 in 2014) per month.[34][40]By the mid-1880s the Tramway was finding it difficult to cover the

operating expenses of either goods or passenger operations.[48]

Metropolitan Railway takeover of the Aylesbury andBuckingham Railway[edit]

In 1837Euston railway stationopened, the first railway station connecting London with the industrial

heartlands of the West Midlands and Lancashire.[49]Railways were banned by a Parliamentary

commission from operating in London itself, and thus the station was built on what was then the

northern boundary of the built-up area.[50]Other main line termini soon followed

atPaddington(1838),Bishopsgate(1840),Fenchurch Street(1841),King's Cross(1852) andSt

Pancras(1868). All were built outside the built-up area, making them inconvenient to reach.[50][note 5]

Charles Pearson(17931862) had proposed the idea of an underground railway connecting the City

of London with the relatively distant main-line termini in around 1840.[51]Construction began in

1860.[53]On 9 January 1863 the line opened as theMetropolitan Railway(MR), the world's first

underground passenger railway.[54]The MR was successful and grew steadily, extending its services

and acquiring other local railways north and west of London. In 1872Edward Watkin(18191901)

was appointed its Chairman.[55]A director of many railway companies, he had a vision of unifying a

string of railways to create a single line from Manchester via London to an intendedChannel

Tunneland on to France.[56]In 1873 Watkin entered negotiations to take control of the A&B and the

section of the former Buckinghamshire Railway north from Verney Junction to Buckingham.[57]He

planned to extend the MR north from London to Aylesbury and the Tramway southwest to Oxford,

creating a through route from London to Oxford.[57]Rail services between Oxford and London at this
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time were poor: although still an extremely roundabout route, this scheme would have formed the

shortest route from London to Oxford, Aylesbury, Buckingham and Stratford upon Avon.[58]The Duke

of Buckingham was enthusiastic, and authorisation was sought from Parliament. Parliament did not

share the enthusiasm of Watkin and the Duke, and in 1875 the Buckinghamshire and

Northamptonshire Union Railway Bill was rejected.[58]

Watkin did, however, receive consent in 1881to extend the MR to Aylesbury.[58]

Wotton Tramway Oxford extension scheme[edit]

Manning Wardle Huddersfieldat Quainton Road in the late 1890s with the Wotton Tramway's 1870s passenger

coach, an 1895 Oxford & Aylesbury Tramroad passenger coach, and a goods wagon loaded with milk cans

With the MR extension to Aylesbury approved, in March 1883 the Duke announced his own scheme

to extend the Tramway to Oxford.[58]The turntable at Quainton Road would be replaced by a junction

to the south of the turntable to allow through running of trains.[59]The stretch from Quainton Road to

Brill would be straightened and improved to main-line standards, and the little-used stations at

Waddesdon Road and Wood Siding would be closed. From Brill, the line would pass in a 1,650-yard(1,510 m) tunnel through Muswell Hill to the south of Brill, and on viaBoarstallbefore crossing from

Buckinghamshire into Oxfordshire atStanton St. John,calling atHeadingtonon the outskirts of

Oxford and terminating at a station to be built in the back garden of 12 High Street, St Clement's,

nearMagdalen Bridge.[58]

At 23 miles (37 km) the line would have been by far the shortest route between Oxford and

Aylesbury, compared with 28 miles (45 km) via theGreat Western Railway(GWR), which had

absorbed the Wycombe Railway, and 34 miles (55 km) via the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway

and the LNWR.[58]The Act of Parliament authorising the scheme received theRoyal Assenton

20 August 1883, and the new Oxford, Aylesbury and Metropolitan Junction Railway Company,

including the Duke of Buckingham, Ferdinand de Rothschild and Harry Verney among its directors,

was created.[60]The scheme caught the attention of the expansionist Metropolitan Railway, who paid

for the survey to be conducted.[61]Despite the scheme's powerful backers, the expensive Muswell Hill

tunnel deterred investors and the company found it difficult to raise capital .[62]De Rothschild promised

to lend money for the scheme in return for guarantees that the line would include a passenger

station at Westcott, and that the Duke would press the A&B into opening a station at the nearest
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point to Waddesdon Manor.[63]Waddesdon Manor railway stationwas duly opened on 1 January

1897.[63]

Oxford & Aylesbury Tramroad[edit]

Railways in and around the Aylesbury Vale, 18

Quainton Road railway station

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