Qua Du Luu - Binh an Son Dich

8/3/2019 Qua Du Luu - Binh an Son Dich

1/45

Qu D LuTrch dn kinh in

T-khu ThanissaroBnh Anson bin dchNguyn tc: "Stream Entry - A Study Guide", Bhikkhu Thanissaro,

Access to Insight website, www.accesstoinsight.orgTham kho: i tng kinh Vit Nam

Ha thng Thch Minh Chu dch Vit.---o0o---Ngun

www.quangduc.comChuyn sang ebook 18 8 - 2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcDn nhp1.Thn Cn Bc Chn Nhn2. Bit Nghe Diu Php3. Nh L Tc 4.Thc Hnh Php V Ty Php

---o0o---

Dn nhp

Thn cn bc Chn nhn l D lu phn.Nghe diu php l D lu phn.Nh l tc l D lu phn.Thc hnh php v ty php l D lu phn.[Tng ng 55.11]

D lu l qu v u tin ca bn qu v thnh gii thot (D lu, Nht lai,Bt lai, A-la-hn). Danh t "D lu" c ngha l nhp dng, ch mtngi nhp dng thnh gii thot chc chn a n Nit-bn. V shon ton gic ng, chm nht l trong by kip sng, v trong cc kip s khng bao gi ti sinh ti cc a x (th vt, a ngc, ng qu, a-tu-la).
http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Sach%20Noi/Quoc%20Te/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Sach%20Noi/Quoc%20Te/


2/45

Cc on kinh trch dn y c sp xp theo bn yu t nu ra trn, vng thi c lin h n nhng cu hi ca cc thin sinh, cho d php hnhca h c nhm n Gic ng hay khng: Lm th no nhn bit mt vchn s? Lm th no phn bit Chn php v Ngy php? Lng ngheDiu Php s c li ch g? Chng ta phi t vn nh th no trong qutrnh tu tp? Cc php hnh no l tng hp vi Chnh php? Trong khi tutp, chng ta cn phi tng trng cc phm hnh no c nhiu li lc?

---o0o---

1.Thn Cn Bc Chn Nhn

i vi v T-khu hu hc, Ta khng thy mt chi phn no khc, cnhiu li ch nh vy, ny cc T-khu, tc l lm bn vi thin. Ny cc

T-khu, v T-khu lm bn vi thin, t b bt thin, tu tp thin.

T-khu lm bn thin,Tn knh v knh trng,Lm theo nhng li ni,Ca bn b thn hu,Tnh gic v chnh nim,V y s tun t,t c s hoi dit,

Tt c mi kit s.[Pht thuyt nh vy, 17]

Tn gi nanda i n Th Tn; sau khi n, nh l Th Tn ri ngixung mt bn. Ngi mt bn, Tn gi nanda bch Th Tn:

-- Mt na Phm hnh ny, bch Th Tn, l thin bn hu (kalysamittat),thin bn ng (kalynasahyat), thin thn tnh (kalysam-pavankat).

-- Ch c ni vy, ny nanda! Ch c ni vy, ny nanda! Ton b Phmhnh ny, ny nanda, l thin bn hu, thin bn ng, thin thn tnh. ViT-khu thin bn hu, thin bn ng, thin thn tnh, ny nanda, thic ch i Thnh o Tm ngnh c tu tp, Thnh o Tm ngnhc lm cho vin mn.


3/45

V ny nanda, th no l T-khu thin bn hu, thin bn ng, thinthn tnh, tu tp v lm cho vin mn Thnh o Tm ngnh? y, nynanda, T-khu tu tp chnh tri kin lin h n vin ly, lin h n lytham, lin h n on dit, hng n t b. T-khu tu tp chnh t duy...tu tp chnh ng... tu tp chnh nghip... tu tp chnh mng... tu tp chnhtinh tn... tu tp chnh nim... tu tp chnh nh lin h n vin ly, lin hn ly tham, lin h n on dit, hng n t b. Nh vy, ny nanda,l T-khu thin bn hu, thin bn ng, thin thn tnh, tu tp Thnh oTm ngnh, lm cho sung mn Thnh o Tm ngnh.

Ny nanda, chnh vi php mn ny, cc ng cn phi hiu th no tonb Phm hnh ny l thin bn hu, thin bn ng, thin thn tnh. Do Taly thin lm bn hu, ny nanda, nn cc chng sanh b sanh c giithot khi sanh; cc chng sanh b gi c gii thot khi gi; cc chng

sanh b cht c gii thot khi cht; cc chng sanh b su, bi, kh, u,no c gii thot khi su, bi, kh, u, no. Chnh vi php mn ny, nynanda, cc ng cn phi hiu th no ton b Phm hnh ny l thin bnhu, thin bn ng, thin thn tnh.

[Tng ng, 45.2]

Ny c s Byagghapajja, th no l lm bn vi thin? y, nyByagghapajja, thin nam t sng ti lng hay ti th trn. Ti y c gia chhay con ngi gia ch, nhng tr c nui ln trong gii c, hay nhngngi ln tui c ln ln trong gii c, y lng tin, y gii c,y b th, y tr tu, v y lm quen, ni chuyn, tho lun. Vinhng ngi y lng tin, v y hc tp vi y lng tin. Vi nhngngi y gii c, v y hc tp vi y gii c. Vi nhng ngiy b th, v y hc tp vi y b th. Vi nhng ngi y trtu, v y hc tp vi y tr tu. Ny Byagghapajja, y gi l lm bnvi thin.

V ny Byagghapajja, th no l y lng tin? y, ny Byagghapajja,

thin nam t c lng in, tin tng s gic ng ca Nh Lai: "y l bcng cng, Chnh bin tri, Minh hnh tc, Thin th, Th gian gii, VThng S, iu ng trng phu, Thin Nhn s, Pht, Th Tn". NyByagghapajja, y gi l y lng in.

V ny Byagghapajja, th no l y gii c? y, ny Byagghapajja,thin nam t t b st sanh, t b ly ca khng cho, t b t dm, t b ni


4/45

di, t b m say ru men, ru nu. Ny Byagghapajja, y gi l y gii c.

V ny Byagghapajja, th no l y b th? y, ny Byagghapajja,thin nam t sng gia nh, vi tm khng b cu u, xan tham chi phi, bth rng ri, vi bn tay m rng, vui thch t b, sn sng c yu cu,vui thch chia x vt b th. Ny Byagghapajja, y gi l y b th.

V ny Byagghapajja, th no l y tr tu? y, ny Byagghapajja,thin nam t c tr tu, thnh tu tr tu v sanh dit, vi thnh th nhp(quyt trch), chn chnh chm dt kh au. Ny Byagghapajja, y gi ly tr tu.

[Tng Chi, 8.54]

Phm mt ngi no vi phm mt php, Ta ni rng khng c c nghipno v y khng lm c. Th no l mt php? Ny cc T-khu, tc l r

bit m ni lo.

Ngi no ni lo,L vi phm mt php,Khng k n i sau,Khng c g khng lm.

[Pht thuyt nh vy, 25]

- Ny cc T-khu, c y ba c tnh, mt ngi bn cn c thncn. Th no l ba? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu cho iu kh cho, lmiu kh lm, nhn iu kh nhn. Ny cc T-khu, y ba c tnh,mt ngi bn cn c thn cn.

[Tng Chi, 3.133]

Ba php ny, ny cc T-khu, c ngi Hin tr tuyn b, c bcChn nhn tuyn b. Th no l ba? B th, ny cc T-khu, c ngiHin tr tuyn b, c bc Chn nhn tuyn b. Xut gia, ny cc T-khu,c ngi Hin tr tuyn b, c bc Chn nhn tuyn b. Hu h cha m,ny cc T-khu, c ngi Hin tr tuyn b, c bc Chn nhn tuyn

b. Ba php ny, ny cc T-khu, c ngi Hin tr tuyn b, c bcChn nhn tuyn b.


5/45

[Tng Chi, 3.45]

Ny cc T-khu, th no l a v bc khng phi Chn nhn? Ngi khngphi Chn nhn, ny cc T-khu, khng bit n, khng nh n. i vinhng ngi c c, y l c tnh ca h c bit n, ny cc T-khu,tc l khng bit n, khng nh n. y hon ton l a v k khng Chnnhn, ny cc T-khu, tc l khng bit n, khng nh n. Cn bc Chnnhn, ny cc T-khu, l bit n, l nh n. i vi nhng thin nhn, yl c tnh ca h c bit n, ny cc T-khu, tc l bit n, nh n.y hon ton l a v bc Chn nhn, ny cc T-khu, tc l bit n, nhn.

[Tng Chi 2.31]

Ny cc T-khu, vi cng tr, gii cn phi c hiu bit, nh vy, trongmt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc , khng c khng tc , vitr tu, khng phi vi lit tu.

Ny cc T-khu, vi cng mt ngh, thanh tnh lim khit cn phi chiu bit, nh vy, trong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc ,khng c khng tc , vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu.

Ny cc T-khu, trong nhng hon nn, sc kin tr cn phi c hiubit, nh vy, trong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc , khngc khng tc , vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu.

Ny cc T-khu, vi m lun, tr tu cn phi c hiu bit, nh vy,trong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc , khng c khng tc, vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu.

(1) Ny cc T-khu, vi cng tr, gii cn phi c hiu bit, nh vy,trong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc , khng c khng tc

, vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu, nh vy c ni n. Do duyn gc ni n nh vy?

y, ny cc T-khu, c ngi do cng tr vi mt ngi khc bit cnh sau: "Trong mt thi gian di, v Tn gi ny lm gii b b vn, lmgii b ct xn, lm gii b vt nh, lm gii b chm, en, lm vic khng


6/45

c lin tc, hnh kim khng c lin tc trong cc gii. c gii l Tn giny, Tn gi ny khng gi gii".

Nhng y, ny cc T-khu, ngi ny do cng tr vi ngi kia, bitnh sau: "Trong mt thi gian di, v Tn gi ny khng lm gii b b vn,khng lm gii b ct xn, khng lm gii b vt nh, khng lm gii bchm, en, lm vic c lin tc, hnh kim c lin tc trong cc gii. Gigii l Tn gi ny, Tn gi ny khng phi c gii".

Ny cc T-khu, vi cng tr, gii cn phi c hiu bit, nh vy, trongmt thi gian di, khng c tc vn khc, khng c khng tc , vi trtu, khng phi vi lit tu. Nh vy c ni n, do duyn ny c nin nh vy.

(2) Ny cc T-khu, vi cng chung lm mt ngh, thanh tnh lim khitcn phi c hiu bit. Nh vy trong mt thi gian di, khng th khcc, c tc , khng c khng tc , vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu, nhvy c ni n. Do duyn g c ni n nh vy?

y, ny cc T-khu, mt ngi do cng lm mt ngh vi mt ngikhc, bit c nh sau: "Khc thay, v Tn gi ny khi lm vic vi mtngi; khc thay, vi hai ngi; khc thay, vi ba ngi; khc thay, vinhiu ngi, lm tri ngc l v Tn gi ny, cc s hnh trc khc vi shnh sau. Khng thanh tnh l s hnh ca v Tn gi ny. V Tn gi ny cs hnh khng thanh tnh. Nhng y, ny cc T-khu, mt ngi docng lm mt ngh vi mt ngi khc, bit c nh sau: "Nh th no,Tn gi ny khi lm vic vi mt ngi, nh th y vi hai ngi, nh thy vi ba ngi, nh th y vi nhiu ngi, khng lm tri ngc l v Tngi ny, cc s hnh trc ging vi s hnh sau. Thanh tnh l s hnh cav Tn gi ny."

Ny cc T-khu, vi cng chung lm mt ngh, thanh tnh lim khit cnphi c hiu bit, nh vy trong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c,

c tc , khng c khng tc , vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu, nh vyc ni n. Do duyn ny c ni n nh vy.

(3) Ny cc T-khu, trong cc hon nn, sc kin tr cn phi c hiubit. Nh vy trong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc , khngc khng tc , vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu, nh vy c ni n. Doduyn g c ni n nh vy?


7/45

y, ny cc T-khu, c ngi cm th b con b ch nn, cm th tisn b ch nn, cm th sc khe b ch nn, suy ngh nh sau: "Bn chtnh vy l s an tr th gii ny; Bn cht nh vy l bn tnh t ng cc ny; Bn cht nh vy l s an tr th gii. Bn cht nh vy l cc bn tnh t ng. Tm th gii php ny vn chuyn th gii, v thgii vn chuyn tm php, tc l, li v tht li, khng danh ting v danhting, ch v khen, lc v kh". Ngi y, cm th b con b ch nn, cmth ti sn b ch nn, cm th sc khe b ch nn, su mun, than van,khc lc, p ngc, ri vo bt tnh.

Nhng y, ny cc T-khu, c ngi cm th b con b ch nn, cmth ti sn b ch nn, cm th sc khe b ch nn, suy ngh nh sau: "Bncht nh vy l s an tr th gii ny; Bn cht nh vy l bn tnh t ng

c c ny; Bn cht nh vy l s an tr th gii. Bn cht nh vy l cc bn tnh t ng. Tm th gii php ny vn chuyn th gii, v thgii vn chuyn tm php, tc l, li v tht li, khng danh ting v danhting, ch v khen, lc v kh". Ngi y cm th b con b ch nn, cmth ti sn b ch nn, cm th sc khe b ch nn, khng su mun, khngthan van, khng khc lc, khng p ngc, khng ri vo bt tnh.

Ny cc T-khu, trong cc hon nn, sc mnh kin tr cn phi c hiubit. Nh vy trong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc , khngc khng tc , vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu, nh vy c ni n. Doduyn ny c ni n nh vy.

(4) Ny cc T-khu, trong m lun, tr tu cn phi c hiu bit. Nhvy trong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc , khng c khngtc , vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu, nh vy c ni n. Do duyn gc ni n nh vy?

y, ny cc T-khu, c ngi, do m lun vi mt ngi khc, bitnh vy: "V Tn gi ny, i mt cu hi nh vy, phn ng l nh vy,

gii p cu hi l nh vy, thi lit tu l Tn gi ny, Tn gi ny khngc tr tu. V sao? V Tn gi ny khng ni ln cu ngha su sc an tnh,th thng, vt ngoi l lun sung, t nh, c ngi hin tr cm th. Cnv php, v ny thuyt ging, v y khng c kh nng, hoc tm tt, hocrng ri, ni ln ngha, thuyt ging, trnh by, an lp, m rng, phn tch,

pht l. Lit tu l v Tn gi ny, v Tn gi ny khng c tr tu". V nh,ny cc T-khu, mt ngi c mt, ng trn b mt h nc, thy mt


8/45

con c nh ni ln, ngi y suy ngh nh sau: "Nh vy, con c ny niln; nh vy, lm cho gn sng; nh vy l nhanh ca n. Nh b l conc ny, con c ny khng ln".

Cng vy, ny cc T-khu, c ngi do m lun vi mt ngi khc, bitnh vy: "V Tn gi ny, i mt cu hi nh vy, phn ng l nh vy,gii p cu hi l nh vy, thi c tr tu l Tn gi ny, Tn gi ny khng

phi l lit tu. V sao? V Tn gi ny ni ln cu ngha su sc an tnh, ththng, vt ngoi lun l sung, t nh, c ngi hin tr cm th. Cn v

php, v ny thuyt ging, v ny c kh nng, hoc tm tt, hoc rng ri,ni ln ngha, thuyt ging, trnh by, an lp, m rng, phn tch, pht l.C tr tu l v Tn gi ny, v Tn gi ny khng phi l lit tu". V nh,ny cc T-khu, mt ngi c mt, ng trn b mt h nc, thy mtcon c ln ni ln, ngi y suy ngh nh sau: "Nh vy, con c ny ni ln;

nh vy, con c ny lm cho gn sng; nh vy l nhanh ca n. To lnl con c ny, con c ny khng nh".

Ny cc T-khu, trong m lun, tr tu cn phi c hiu bit. Nh vytrong mt thi gian di, khng th khc c, c tc , khng phi khng tc vi tr tu, khng phi vi lit tu, nh vy c ni n. Do duyn nyc ni n nh vy.

[Tng Chi, 4.192]

-- Ny cc T-khu, mt ngi bt chnh (asappurisa) c th bit mt ngibt chnh: "Ngi bt chnh l v ny", hay khng?

-- Bch Th Tn, khng bit c.

-- Lnh thay, ny cc T-khu! Ny cc T-khu, khng th c s tnh,khng th c s kin, mt ngi bt chnh c th bit mt ngi bt chnh:"Ngi bt chnh l v ny." Ny cc T-khu, nhng mt ngi bt chnhc th bit mt ngi chn chnh: "Ngi chn chnh l v ny" hay khng?

-- Bch Th Tn, khng bit c.

-- Lnh thay, ny cc T-khu! Ny cc T-khu, khng th c s tnh,khng th c s kin mt ngi bt chnh c th bit c mt ngi chnchnh: "Ngi chn chnh l v ny".


9/45

Ngi bt chnh, ny cc T-khu, l ngi y php bt chnh, giao duvi ngi bt chnh, suy t nh ngi bt chnh, t lng nh ngi btchnh, ni nng nh ngi bt chnh, hnh ng nh ngi bt chnh, c tkin nh ngi bt chnh, b th nh ngi bt chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi bt chnh y php bt chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi bt chnh bt tn, v tm, v qu, nghe t,

bing nhc, tht nim, lit tu. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi btchnh y php bt chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi bt chnh giao du vi nhngngi bt chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, nhng v B-la-mn no bt tn,v tm, v qu, t nghe, bing nhc, tht nim, lit tu, nhng v y l bn, lthn hu vi ngi bt chnh y. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi bt

chnh giao du vi ngi bt chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi bt chnh suy t nh ngi btchnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi bt chnh suy ngh t lm hi mnh,suy ngh lm hi ngi khc, suy ngh lm hi c hai.. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi bt chnh suy t nh ngi bt chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi bt chnh t lng nh ngi btchnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi bt chnh t lng t lm hi mnh,t lng lm hi ngi, t lng lm hi c hai. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu,l ngi bt chnh t lng nh ngi bt chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi bt chnh ni nng nh ngi btchnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi bt chnh ni li ni lo, ni li haili, ni c khu, ni li ph phim. Nh vy ny cc T-khu, l ngi btchnh ni nng nh ngi bt chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi bt chnh hnh ng nh ngibt chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi bt chnh st sanh, ly ca khng

cho, lm cc t hnh trong cc dc. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi btchnh hnh ng nh ngi bt chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi bt chnh c t kin nh ngibt chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi bt chnh c t kin nh sau:"Khng c b th, khng c l hy sinh, khng c t t, khng c qu d thccc nghip thin c, khng c i ny, khng c i khc, khng c cha,


10/45

khng c m, khng c loi ha sanh. i, khng c nhng v Sa-mn,nhng v B-la-mn chnh hng, chnh hnh t mnh chng t vithng tr i ny v i khc, v truyn dy li". Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi bt chnh c t kin nh ngi bt chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, th no l ngi bt chnh b th nh ngi bt chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi bt chnh b th mt cch v l, b thkhng phi t tay, b th khng c suy t k lng, b th nhng vt khngcn dng, b th khng ngh n tng lai. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, lngi bt chnh b th nh ngi bt chnh.

Ny cc T-khu, ngi bt chnh y, y php bt chnh nh vy, giaodu vi ngi bt chnh nh vy, suy t nh ngi bt chnh nh vy, tlng nh ngi bt chnh nh vy, ni nng nh ngi bt chnh nh vy,

hnh ng nh ngi bt chnh nh vy, c t kin nh ngi bt chnhnh vy, b th nh ngi bt chnh nh vy, sau khi thn hoi mng chung,sanh vo cnh gii ca nhng ngi bt chnh. V ny cc T-khu, th nol cnh gii ca nhng ngi bt chnh? a ngc hay l bng sanh.

Ny cc T-khu, mt ngi chn chnh c th bit c mt ngi chnchnh: "Ngi chn chnh l v ny" hay khng?

-- Tha bit c, bch Th Tn.

-- Lnh thay, ny cc T-khu! S tnh ny xy ra l ngi chn chnh cth bit c ngi chn chnh: "Ngi chn chnh l v ny". Nhng nycc T-khu, ngi chn chnh c th bit c ngi bt chnh: "Ngi

bt chnh l v ny" hay khng?

-- Tha bit c, bch Th Tn.

-- Lnh thay, ny cc T-khu! Ny cc T-khu, c s tnh ny l ngichn chnh c th bit c ngi bt chnh: "Ngi bt chnh l v ny".

Ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh y Chnh php, giao du vi ccbc chn chnh, suy ngh nh cc bc chn chnh, t lng nh cc bcchn chnh, ni nng nh bc chn chnh, hnh ng nh bc chn chnh,c chnh kin nh bc chn chnh, b th nh bc chn chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, th no l ngi chn chnh y Chnh php? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh c lng tin, c lng tm, c lng


11/45

qu, c nghe nhiu, c tinh cn, tinh tn, c chnh nim, c tr tu. Nh vy,ny cc T-khu, l ngi chn chnh y nhng Chnh php.

V ny cc T-khu, th no l ngi chn chnh giao du vi cc bc chnchnh? y, ny cc T-khu, nhng v Sa-mn, B-la-mn no c lngtin, c lng tm, c lng qu nghe nhiu, tinh cn, tinh tn, chnh nim, ctr tu, nhng v y l bn, l thn hu ca v chn chnh y. Nh vy, nycc T-khu, l ngi chn chnh giao du vi cc bc chn chnh.

V ny, cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi chn chnh suy t nh ngichn chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh khng suy ngh tlm hi mnh, khng suy ngh lm hi ngi khc, khng suy ngh lm hic hai. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi chn chnh suy t nh ngichn chnh.

V ny, cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi chn chnh t lng nh ngichn chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh khng t lng tlm hi mnh, khng t lng lm hi ngi khc, khng t lng lm hic hai. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi chn chnh t lng nh ngichn chnh?

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l ngi chn chnh ni nng nh ngichn chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh t b khng nilo, t b khng ni hai li, t b khng ni c khu, t b khng ni

phim lun. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi chn chnh ni nng nhngi chn chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, th no l ngi chn chnh hnh ng nh ngichn chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh t b st sanh, t

b ly ca khng cho, t b lm cc t hnh trong dm dc. Nh vy, nycc T-khu, l ngi chn chnh hnh ng nh ngi chn chnh.

V ny cc T-khu, th no l ngi chn chnh c chnh kin nh bc

chn chnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh c chnh kin nhsau: "C b th, c l hy sinh, c t t, c qu d thc cc nghip thin c, ci ny, c i khc, c cha, c m, c loi ha sanh. i c nhng v Sa-mn, nhng v B-la-mn chnh hng, chnh hnh, t mnh chng tvi thng tr i ny v i khc, v truyn dy li. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi chn chnh c chnh kin nh ngi chn chnh.


12/45

V ny cc T-khu, th no l ngi chn chnh b th nh ngi chnchnh? y, ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh b th mt cch l , bth vi t tay, b th c suy t k lng, b th nhng vt cn dng, b th cngh n tng lai. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l ngi chn chnh b thnh ngi chn chnh.

Ny cc T-khu, ngi chn chnh y, y Chnh php nh vy, giaodu vi ngi chn chnh nh vy, suy t nh ngi chn chnh nh vy, tlng nh ngi chn chnh nh vy, ni nng nh ngi chn chnh nhvy, hnh ng nh ngi chn chnh nh vy, c chnh kin nh nginh ngi chn chnh nh vy, b th nh ngi chn chnh nh vy, saukhi thn hoi mng chung, sanh vo cnh gii ca nhng ngi chn chnh.V ny cc T-khu, th no l cnh gii ca nhng ngi chn chnh? itnh ca ch Thin hay i tnh ca loi Ngi.

[Trung B, 110]

Nu thy bc hin tr,Ch li v khin trch,

Nh ch ch chn vng,Hy thn cn ngi tr !Thn cn ngi nh vy,Ch tt hn, khng xu.

[Php C, 76]

Ch thn vi bn c,Ch thn k tiu nhn.Hy thn ngi bn lnh,Hy thn bc thng nhn.

[Php C, 78]

---o0o---

2. Bit Nghe Diu Php

c Pht ging cho thanh nin Kapadika Bharadvaja:


13/45

-- Trc ht, ny Bharadvaja, ng i n lng tin, nay ng ni n ty vn.Ny Bharadvaja, nm php ny c hai qu bo ngay trong hin ti. Th nol nm? Tn, ty h, ty vn, cn nhc suy t cc l do v chp nhn quanim. Ny Bharadvaja, nm php ny c hai qu bo ngay trong hin ti.Tuy vy, ny Bharadvaja, c iu c kho tin tng, c th l trngkhng, trng rng, h vng. Tri li, c iu khng c kho tin tng, cth l tht, chn, khng thay i. Li na ny Bharadvaja, c iu c khoty h... c kho ty vn... c kho cn nhc suy t... c kho chpnhn, c th l trng khng, trng rng, h vng. Tri li, c iu khngc kho chp nhn, c th l tht, chn, khng thay i. H tr chn l,ny Bharadvaja khng mt ngi c tr i n kt lun mt chiu l:"Ch y l s tht, ngoi ra u l sai lm"

-- Nhng tha Tn gi Gotama, cho n mc no l h tr chn l? Cho

n mc no, chn l c h tr? Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama v htr chn l.

-- Ny Bharadvaja, nu c ngi c lng tin v ni: "y l lng tin cati", ngi y h tr chn l, nhng ngi y khng i n kt lun mtchiu: "Ch y l s tht, ngoi ra u l sai lm". Cho n nh vy, nyBharadvaja, l s h tr chn l. Cho n nh vy, chn l c h tr. Vcho n nh vy, chng ti ch trng h tr chn l. Nhng y, cha

phi l gic ng chn l. Ny Bharadvaja, nu c ngi c lng ty h....Ny Bharadvaja, nu c ngi c lng ty vn... Ny Bharadvaja, nu cngi c s cn nhc suy t cc l do... Ny Bharadvaja, nu c ngi chpnhn mt quan im v ni: "y l s chp nhn quan im ca ti", ngiy h tr chn l. Nhng ngi y khng i n kt lun mt chiu: "Ch yl s tht, ngoi ra l sai lm". Cho n nh vy, ny Bharadvaja, l h trchn l. Cho n nh vy, ny Bharadvaja, chng ti ch trng h tr vcho n nh vy, ny Bharadvaja, chng ti ch trng h tr chn l.

Nhng y cha phi s gic ng chn l.

-- Cho n nh vy, tha Tn gi Gotama, l h tr chn l. Cho n nh

vy, tha Tn gi Gotama, chn l c h tr. Cho n nh vy, tha Tngi Gotama, chng con nhn thy th tr chn l. Nhng tha Tn giGotama, cho n mc no l gic ng chn l? Cho n mc no chnl c gic ng? Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama v gic ng chn l?

-- y, ny Bharadvaja, T-khu sng gn mt lng hay mt th trn. Mtgia ch hay con trai mt gia ch i n v y v tm hiu v y trong ba php,


14/45

tc l tham php, sn php, si php. Ngi ny ngh rng: "Khng hiu vTn gi y c tham i hay khng, do nhng tham i ny, tm v y b chi

phi n ni du khng bit vn ni: "Ti bit", du khng thy vn ni:"Ti thy", hay xui khin ngi khc c nhng hnh ng khin ngi ykhng c hnh phc, phi au kh lu di". Trong khi xem xt v y,ngi ny bit nh sau: "V Tn gi y khng c nhng tham php, donhng tham php ny tm v y b chi phi n ni du khng bit vn ni:"Ti bit", du khng thy vn ni: "Ti thy"; hay xui khin ngi khc cnhng hnh ng khin ngi y khng c hnh phc, phi au kh ludi. Thn hnh ca v y l nh vy, khu hnh l nh vy, l hnh ng camt ngi khng c lng tham. Cn Tn gi y thuyt php, php y thmsu, kh thy, kh chng, tch tnh, th thng, vt ngoi lun l sung, tnh, c ngi tr chp nhn; php y khng th do mt ngi c lngtham kho ging".

Sau khi xem xt v y v thy v y trong sch khng c nhng tham php,ngi kia li xem xt thm v y v cc sn php: "Khng hiu v Tn gi yc sn php hay khng, do nhng sn php ny, tm v y b chi phi nni du khng bit vn ni: "Ti bit", du khng thy vn ni: "Ti thy",hay xui khin ngi khc c nhng hnh ng khin ngi y khng chnh phc, phi au kh lu di". Trong khi xem xt v y, ngi ny bitnh sau: "Tn gi y khng c nhng sn php, do nhng sn php ny, tmv y b chi phi n ni du khng bit vn ni: "Ti bit", du khng thyvn ni: "Ti thy", hay xui khin ngi khc c nhng hnh ng, khinngi y khng c hnh phc, phi au kh lu di. Thn hnh ca v yl nh vy, khu hnh l nh vy, l hnh ng ca mt ngi khng clng sn. Cn Tn gi y thuyt php, php y thm su, kh thy, khchng, tch tnh, th thng, vt ngoi lun l sung, t nh, c ngi trchp nhn, php y khng th do mt ngi c lng sn kho ging".

Sau khi xem xt v y v thy v y trong sch, khng c nhng sn php,ngi kia li xem xt thm v y v cc si php: "Khng hiu tn gi y c si

php hay khng, do nhng si php ny, tm ca v y b chi phi n ni du

khng bit, vn ni: "Ti bit", du khng thy vn ni: "Ti thy", hay xuikhin ngi khc c hnh ng khin ngi y khng c hnh phc, phiau kh lu di". Trong khi xem xt v y, ngi ny bit nh sau: "Tn giy khng c nhng si php, do nhng si php ny, tm v y b chi phi nni du khng bit, vn ni: "Ti bit", du khng thy, vn ni: "Ti thy",hay xui khin ngi khc c nhng hnh ng khin ngi y khng chnh phc, phi au kh lu di. Thn hnh ca v y l nh vy, khu hnh


15/45

l nh vy, l hnh ng ca mt ngi khng c lng si. Cn Tn gi ythuyt php, php y thm su, kh thy, kh chng, tch tnh, th thng,vt ngoi lun l sung, t nh, c ngi tr chp nhn, php y khngth do mt ngi c lng si kho ging".

Sau khi xem xt v y v thy v y trong sch, khng c nhng si php,ngi ny sanh lng tin i vi v y, vi lng tin sanh, ngi ny n gn,khi n gn lin thn cn giao thip, do thn cn giao thip, nn lng tai,lng tai, ngi y nghe php, sau khi nghe, lin th tr php, ri tm hiu ngha cc php c th tr; trong khi tm hiu ngha, cc php c hoanh chp nhn; khi cc php c hoan h chp nhn, c mun sanh, khic mun sanh, lin c gng, sau khi c gng lin cn nhc, sau khi cnnhc, ngi y tinh cn. Trong khi tinh cn, ngi y t thn chng ng tithng chn l, v khi th nhp chn l y vi tr tu, ngi y thy. Cho

n mc ny, ny Bharadvaja l s gic ng chn l, cho n mc ny, chn l c gic ng, v cho n mc ny, chng ti ch trng sgic ng chn l, nhng nh vy cha phi l chng t chn l.

-- Cho n nh vy, tha Tn gi Gotama, l gic ng chn l, cho n nhvy, chn l c gic ng, v cho n nh vy chng con thy gic ngchn l. Nhng tha Tn gi Gotama, cho n mc no l chng tc chn l, cho n mc no chn l c chng t. Chng con hiTn gi Gotama v s chng t chn l.

-- Ny Bharadvaja, chnh nh luyn tp, tu tp v hnh tp nhiu ln, chn lmi c chng t. Cho n nh vy, ny Bharadvaja, l chng t chnl, cho n nh vy, chn l c chng t, cho n nh vy, chng tich trng s chng t chn l.

-- Cho n nh vy, tha Tn gi Gotama, l chng t chn l, cho n nhvy chn l c chng t, v cho n nh vy, chng con thy chng tchn l. Nhng trong s chng t chn l, tha Tn gi Gotama, php noc hnh tr nhiu? Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s chng t

chn l, php no c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s chng t chn l, ny Bharadvaja, tinh cn c hnh tr nhiu.Nu khng tinh cn theo ui chn l th khng th chng t chn l.Nhng nu tinh cn th chng t c chn l. Do vy, trong s chng tchn l, tinh cn c hnh tr nhiu.


16/45

-- Trong s tinh cn, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnh tr nhiu?Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s tinh cn, php no c hnh trnhiu.

-- Trong s tinh cn, ny Bharadvaja, s cn nhc c hnh tr nhiu. Nukhng cn nhc th khng th tinh cn theo ui chn l. Nu c cn nhc sc tinh cn; do vy, trong s tinh cn, cn nhc c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s cn nhc, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnh tr nhiu?Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s cn nhc, php no c hnh trnhiu.

-- Trong s cn nhc, ny Bharadvaja, c gng c hnh tr nhiu. Nukhng c gng th khng th cn nhc. Nhng nu c c gng th c cn

nhc; do vy trong s cn nhc, th c gng c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s c gng, Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnh tr nhiu? Chngcon hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s c gng, php no c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s c gng, ny Bharadvaja, c mun c hnh tr nhiu. Nuc mun i vi chn l y khng khi ln th khng c c gng. V cmun c khi ln nn c c gng, do vy, trong s c gng, c mun chnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong c mun, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnh tr nhiu?Chng con mun hi Tn gi Gotama, trong c mun, php no c hnhtr nhiu.

-- Trong c mun, ny Bharadvaja, hoan h chp nhn php c hnh trnhiu. Nu khng hoan h chp nhn php th c mun khng khi ln. Vc hoan h chp nhn php nn c mun khi ln; do vy, trong c mun,hoan h chp nhn php c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Nhng trong s hoan h chp nhn php, tha Tn gi Gotama, php noc hnh tr nhiu? Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s hoan h chpnhn php, php no c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s hoan h chp nhn php, ny Bharadvaja, tm hiu ngha chnh tr nhiu. Nu khng tm hiu ngha th khng hoan h chp nhn


17/45

php. V v c tm hiu ngha nn c s chp nhn php; do vy, trong shoan h chp nhn php, tm hiu ngha c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Nhng trong s tm hiu ngha, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no chnh tr nhiu? Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s tm hiu ngha,

php no c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s tm hiu ngha, ny Bharadvaja, th tr php c hnh trnhiu. Nu khng c th tr php th khng tm hiu ngha. V v c th tr

php, nn c tm hiu ngha; do vy, trong s tm hiu ngha, th tr phpc hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s th tr php, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnh trnhiu? Trong s th tr php, chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, php no c

hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s th tr php, ny Bharadvaja, nghe php c hnh tr nhiu.Nu khng nghe php th khng c th tr php. V do c nghe php nn cth tr php; do vy, trong s th tr php, nghe php c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s nghe php, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnh tr nhiu?Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s nghe php, php no c hnh trnhiu.

-- Trong s nghe php, ny Bharadvaja, lng tai c hnh tr nhiu. Nukhng c lng tai th khng c nghe php. V v c lng tai nn c nghe

php; do vy, trong s nghe php, lng tai c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s lng tai, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnh tr nhiu?Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s lng tai, php no c hnh trnhiu.

-- Trong s lng tai, ny Bharadvaja, thn cn giao thip c hnh tr

nhiu. Nu khng c thn cn giao thip th khng c lng tai. V c thncn giao thip nn c lng tai; do vy, trong s lng tai, thn cn giao thipc hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s thn cn giao thip, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnhtr nhiu? Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s thn cn giao thip, phpno c hnh tr nhiu.


18/45

-- Trong s thn cn giao thip, ny Bharadvaja, i n gn c hnh trnhiu. Nu khng i n gn th khng c thn cn giao thip. V v c in gn nn c thn cn giao thip; do vy, trong s thn cn giao thip, in gn c hnh tr nhiu.

-- Trong s i n gn, tha Tn gi Gotama, php no c hnh tr nhiu?Chng con hi Tn gi Gotama, trong s i n gn, php no c hnh trnhiu.

-- Trong s i n gn, ny Bharadvaja, lng tin c hnh tr nhiu. Nulng tin khng sanh th khng i n gn. V v lng tin sanh, nn c i ngn; do vy, trong s i n gn, lng tin c hnh tr nhiu.

[Trung B, 95]

... Sau khi ngi xung mt bn, cc ngi Klm Kesaputta bch ThTn:

- C mt s Sa-mn, B-la-mn, bch Th Tn, i n Kesaputta. H lmsng t, lm chi sng quan im ca mnh, nhng h bi xch quan imngi khc, khinh mit, ch bai, xuyn tc. Bch Th Tn, li c mt s Sa-mn, B-la-mn khc cng i n Kesaputta, h lm sng t, lm chi sngquan im ca mnh, nhng h bi xch quan im ngi khc, khinh mit,ch bai, xuyn tc. i vi h, bch Th Tn, chng con c nhng nghi ng

phn vn: "Trong nhng Tn gi Sa-mn ny, ai ni s tht, ai ni lo?"

- ng nhin, ny cc Klm, cc ng c nhng nghi ng! ng nhin,ny cc Klm, cc ng c nhng phn vn! Trong nhng trng hp ngnghi ng, cc ng ng nhin khi ln phn vn.

Ny cc Klm, ch c tin v nghe bo co, ch c tin v nghe truynthuyt; ch c tin v theo truyn thng; ch c tin v c kinh in truyn

tng; ch c tin v l lun suy din; ch c tin v din gii tng t; ch ctin v nh gi hi ht nhng d kin; ch c tin v ph hp vi nh kin;ch c tin v pht xut t ni c uy quyn, ch c tin v v Sa-mn l bco s ca mnh.

Nhng ny cc Klm, khi no t mnh bit r nh sau: "Cc php ny lbt thin; Cc php ny l ng ch; Cc php ny b cc ngi c tr ch


19/45

trch; Cc php ny nu thc hin v chp nhn a n bt hnh kh au",thi ny Klm, hy t b chng.

Cc ng ngh th no, ny Klm! Lng tham khi ln trong ni tm ngino, khi ln nh vy l a li hnh phc hay bt hnh?

- Bt hnh, bch Th Tn.

- Ngi ny c tham, ny cc Klm, b tham chinh phc, tm b xmchim, git cc sinh vt, ly ca khng cho, i n v ngi, ni lo, khchl ngi khc cng lm nh vy. Nh vy, c lm cho ngi y bt hnhau kh lu di hay khng?

- Tha c, bch Th Tn.

- Cc ng ngh th no, ny cc Klm, lng sn khi khi ln trong ni tmngi no, khi ln nh vy l a li hnh phc hay bt hnh?


- Ngi ny c sn, ny cc Klm, b sn chinh phc, tm b xm chim,git cc sinh vt, ly ca khng cho, i n v ngi, ni lo, khch l ngikhc cng lm nh vy. Nh vy, c lm cho ngi y bt hnh au kh ludi hay khng?

- Tha c, bch Th Tn..

- Cc ng ngh th no, ny cc Klm, lng si khi khi ln trong ni tmngi no, khi ln nh vy l a li hnh phc hay bt hnh?


- Ngi ny c si, ny cc Klm, b si chinh phc, tm b xm chim, git

cc sinh vt, ly ca khng cho, i n v ngi, ni lo, khch l ngikhc cng lm nh vy. Nh vy, c lm cho ngi y bt hnh au kh ludi hay khng?

- Tha c, bch Th Tn.


20/45

- Cc ng ngh th no, ny cc Klm, cc php ny l thin hay btthin?

- L bt thin, bch Th Tn.

- ng ch hay khng ng ch?

- C ti, bch Th Tn.

- B ngi c tr qu trch hay khng b ngi c tr qu trch?

- B ngi c tr qu trch, bch Th Tn.

- Nu c thc hin, c chp nhn, c a n bt hnh au kh khng?

Hay y, l nh th no?

- c thc hin, c chp nhn, bch Th Tn, chng a n bt hnh,au kh, y, i vi chng con l vy.

- Nh vy, ny cc Klm, iu Ta va ni vi cc ng: "Ch c tin vnghe bo co, ch c tin v nghe truyn thuyt; ch c tin v theo truynthng; ch c tin v c kinh in truyn tng; ch c tin v l lun suydin; ch c tin v din gii tng t; ch c tin v nh gi hi ht nhngd kin; ch c tin v ph hp vi nh kin; ch c tin v pht xut t nic uy quyn, ch c tin v v Sa-mn l bc o s ca mnh."

Nhng ny cc Klm, khi no t mnh bit r nh sau: "Cc php ny lbt thin; Cc php ny l ng ch; Cc php ny b cc ngi c tr qutrch; Cc php ny nu thc hin v chp nhn a n bt hnh kh au",thi ny Klm, hy t b chng! iu c ni ln nh vy, chnh doduyn nh vy c ni ln.

Ny cc Klm, ch c tin v nghe bo co, ch c tin v nghe truyn

thuyt; ch c tin v theo truyn thng; ch c tin v c kinh in truyntng; ch c tin v l lun suy din; ch c tin v din gii tng t; ch ctin v nh gi hi ht nhng d kin; ch c tin v ph hp vi nh kin;ch c tin v pht xut t ni c uy quyn, ch c tin v v Sa-mn l bco s ca mnh.


21/45

Nhng ny cc Klm, khi no t mnh bit nh sau: "Cc php ny lthin; Cc php ny l khng ng ch; Cc php ny khng b cc ngi ctr ch trch; Cc php ny nu thc hin v chp nhn a n hnh phc anlc", thi ny Klm, hy t t n v an tr.

Cc ng ngh th no, ny cc Klm, khng tham, khi khi ln trong nitm ngi no, khi ln nh vy, l a li hnh phc hay bt hnh chongi y?

- Hnh phc, bch Th Tn.

- Ngi ny khng tham, ny cc Klm, khng b tham chinh phc, tmkhng b xm chim, khng git cc sinh vt, khng ly ca khng cho,khng i n v ngi, khng ni lo, khch l ngi khc cng lm nh

vy. Nh vy, c lm cho ngi y hnh phc an lc lu di hay khng?

- Tha c, bch Th Tn.

- Cc ng ngh th no, ny cc Klm, khng sn, khi khi ln trong nitm ngi no, khi ln nh vy l a li hnh phc hay bt hnh chongi y?


- Ngi ny khng sn, ny cc Klm, khng b sn chinh phc, tmkhng b xm chim, khng git cc sinh vt, khng ly ca khng cho,khng i n v ngi, khng ni lo, khch l ngi khc cng lm nhvy. Nh vy, c em li em li hnh phc, an lc lu di cho ngi y haykhng?

- Tha c, bch Th Tn.

- Cc ng ngh th no, ny cc Klm, khng si khi khi ln trong ni tm

ngi no, khi ln nh vy l a li hnh phc hay bt hnh cho ngiy?


- Ngi ny khng si, ny cc Klm, khng b si chinh phc, tm khng bxm chim, khng git cc sinh vt, khng ly ca khng cho, khng i n


22/45

v ngi, khng ni lo, khch l ngi khc cng lm nh vy. Nh vy,c em li hnh phc an lc lu di cho ngi y hay khng?

- Tha c, bch Th Tn.

- Cc ng ngh th no, ny cc Klm, cc php ny l thin hay btthin?

- L thin, bch Th Tn.

- Cc php ny l ng ch hay khng ng ch?

- Khng ng ch, bch Th Tn.

- B ngi c tr qu trch hay c ngi c tr tn thn?

- c ngi tr tn thn, bch Th Tn.

- Nu c thc hin, c chp nhn, c a n hnh phc an lc khng,hay y, l nh th no?

- c thc hin, c chp nhn, bch Th Tn, chng a n hnh phc,an lc. y, i vi chng con l vy.

- Ny cc Klm, ch c tin v nghe bo co, ch c tin v nghe truynthuyt; ch c tin v theo truyn thng; ch c tin v c kinh in truyntng; ch c tin v nhn l lun siu hnh; ch c tin v ng theo mt lptrng; ch c tin v nh gi hi ht nhng d kin; ch c tin v ph hpvi nh kin; ch c tin v pht xut t ni c uy quyn, ch c tin v v Sa-mn l bc o s ca mnh.

Nhng ny cc Klm, khi no t mnh bit r nh sau: "Cc php ny lthin; Cc php ny l khng c ti; Cc php ny c ngi c tr tn

thn; Cc php ny nu c thc hin, c chp nhn a n hnh phcan lc", thi ny Klm, hy chng t v an tr. iu c ni ln nhvy, chnh do duyn nh vy c ni ln.

[Tng Chi, 3.65]


23/45

c Pht ging cho T-khu ni Mahpajpat Gotam:

-- Ny Gotam, nhng php no b bit: "Nhng php ny a n thamdc, khng phi ly tham; a n h phc, khng a n ly h phc; an tch tp, khng a n khng tch tp; a n dc ln, khng a nt dc; a n khng bit , khng a n bit ; a n t hi, khnga n nhn tnh; a n bing nhc, khng a n tinh tn; a n khnui dng, khng a n d nui dng". Ny Gotam, hy th tr nhthng rng: " l khng phi Php, l khng phi Lut, l khng

phi li dy ca bc o s".

V ny Gotam, nhng php no b bit: "Nhng php a n ly tham,khng a n tham dc; a n ly h phc, khng a n h phc;

a n khng tch tp, khng a n tch tp; a n t dc, khng an dc ln; a n bit , khng a n khng bit ; a n nhntnh, khng a n t hi; a n tinh tn, khng a n bing nhc; an d nui dng, khng a n kh nui dng". Ny Gotam, hy thtr nht hng rng: " l Php, l Lut, l li dy ca bc o s".

[Tng Chi, 8.53]

- Ny cc T-khu, nghe php c nm li ch ny. Th no l nm?

1) c nghe iu cha nghe,2) Lm cho trong sch iu c nghe,3) on tr nghi,4) Lm cho tri kin chnh trc,5) Lm cho tm tnh tn.

Ny cc T-khu, nghe php c nm li ch ny.

[Tng Chi, 5.202]

Thnh tu su php, ny cc T-khu, nu c nghe diu php, c th bcvo quyt nh tnh trong cc thin php. Th no l su? Khng thnh tunghip chng, khng thnh tu phin no chng, khng thnh tu d thcchng, c lng tin, c c mun, v c tr tu.


24/45

Thnh tu su php ny, ny cc T-khu, nu c nghe diu php, c thbc vo quyt nh tnh trong cc thin php.

[Tng Chi, 6.86]

Thnh tu su php, ny cc T-khu, nu c nghe diu php, c thbc vo quyt nh tnh trong cc thin php. Th no l su? Khi Php vLut c Nh Lai thuyt ging, c a nghe, c lng tai, c an tr tm liugii, nm gi iu li ch, b qua iu khng li ch, thnh tu ty thunnhn nhc.

Thnh tu su php ny, ny cc T-khu, nu c nghe diu php, c thbc vo quyt nh tnh trong cc thin php.

[Tng Chi 6.88]

Th no l gii c?Th no l chnh hnh?Cn phi lm tng trng.Thn khu nghip no? ngi chnh nhp cuc,t c ch ti thng?

Knh l bc trng thng [1],Khng ganh t mt ai,Cn phi bit thi gian, yt kin o s [2],Bit c ng thi khc,Thuyt php bt u ging,Hy cn thn lng nghe,Li ging c kho ni.

Hy i n ng thi,

Trc mt v o S,T b tnh cng u,Vi thi khim tn,Hy nh ngh c nim,Hy chn chnh hnh tr,Mc ch v Chnh php,Ch ng v Phm hnh


25/45

Vui thch trong Chnh PhpHoan h trong Chnh Php,An tr trn Chnh php,Bit phn tch Chnh php,S hnh khng lm g,C li u nhim php [3],Chu hng dn lnh o,Li trung thc kho ni.

B ci a, lm ming,Khc than v sn hn,Lm nhng iu man tr,La o, tham, kiu mn,

Bng bt v bo ngn,Cng rn v am m,Sng t b tt c,Ly say m, kin tr.

Thc tri c ct li,Nhng li c kho ni,c nghe kho thc tri,Ct li ca thin nh,Vi con ngi hp tp,Li phng dt bung lung,Tr tu, u c nghe,Khng c th tng trng.

An vui thch Chnh php,Do bc Thnh tuyn thuyt,H tr thnh v thng,V li v nghip,H an tnh nhu ha,

An tr trn thin nh,Chng t c ct li [4],Php c nghe, tr tu.

[Kinh Tp, 2.9]

Ghi ch:


26/45

[1] Theo Ch gii, bc Trng thng l ngi c tr tu hn ta, c nhiukinh nghim hnh thin v cc phng din tu tp khc, v tu tp nhiunm hn ta.

[2] Ch gii ghi rng thi im n gp v o s l khi chng ta chng c tham, sn, si, v khi chng ta khng th t mnh tm li gii p.y cng l li khuyn ca ngi Trng lo i Ca-chin-din (MahaKaccana), ghi trong Tng Chi 6.26, rng thi im thch hp n thamvn v o s l khi chng ta cn hng dn ch ng mt trong nm trinci, hay khi ta khng c c mt mc qun nim thch nghi on trcc lu hoc trong tm thc.

[3] Ch gii cho rng "li u nhim php" l xem nh tng ng vi "th

thoi" (animal talk - ni chuyn h cp, nhm nh). C th xem thm cc giithch trong Lut tng, gii ng i tr (Pacittiya).

[4] Ct li ca hc tp v tr tu l Gii thot.

---o0o---

3. Nh L Tc

-- Ny cc T-khu, vi v T-khu hu hc, tm cha thnh tu, ang sngcn cu v thng an n khi cc trin ch, sau khi lm thnh ni chi phn,Ta khng thy mt chi phn no khc, c nhiu li ch nh vy, ny ccT-khu, tc l Nh l tc . Ny cc T-khu, v T-khu nh l tc , t

b bt thin, tu tp thin.

V T-khu hu hc,Hnh nh l tc ,Khng mt php no khc,

Nhiu li ch nh vy.

t cho bng c,Li ch tht ti thng.V T-khu nh l,Tinh tn v tinh cn,C th thnh t c,S on dit kh au.


27/45

[Pht thuyt nh vy, 16]

Ny cc T-khu, y c k phm phu t nghe, khng c thy cc bcThnh, khng thun thc php cc bc Thnh, khng tu tp php cc bcThnh, khng c thy cc bc Chn nhn, khng thun thc php cc bcChn nhn, khng tu tp php cc bc Chn nhn, khng tu tri cc phpcn phi tc , khng tu tri cc php khng cn phi tc ; v ny v khngtu tri cc php cn phi tc , v khng tu tri cc php khng cn phi tc nn tc cc php khng cn phi tc v khng tc cc php cn phi tc.

Ny cc T-khu, v th no l cc php khng cn phi tc m v y tc

? Ny cc T-khu, ngha l cc php do v y tc m dc lu cha sanhc sanh khi, hay dc lu sanh c tng trng; hay hu lu chasanh c sanh khi, hay hu lu sanh c tng trng, hay v minhlu cha sanh c sanh khi, hay v minh lu sanh c tng trng.

Nhng php y l nhng php khng cn phi tc m v y tc .

Ny cc T-khu, v th no l cc php cn phi tc m v y khng tc? Ny cc T-khu, ngha l cc php do v y tc m dc lu cha sanhkhng sanh khi, hay dc lu sanh c tr dit, hay hu lu cha sanhkhng sanh khi, hay hu lu sanh c tr dit, hay v minh lu chasanh khng sanh khi, hay v minh lu sanh c tr dit. Nhng phpy l nhng php cn phi tc m cc v y khng tc . Do v y tc cc

php khng nn tc , do v y khng tc cc php cn phi tc , nn cclu hoc cha sanh c sanh khi, v cc lu hoc sanh c tngtrng.

V y khng nh l tc nh sau: "Ta c mt trong thi qu kh, hay takhng c mt trong thi qu kh? Ta c mt trong thi qu kh nh thno? Ta c mt trong thi qu kh hnh vc nh th no? Trc kia ta l g

v ta c mt nh th no trong thi qu kh? Ta s c mt trong thi vlai hay ta s khng c mt trong thi v lai? Ta s c mt trong thi v lainh th no? Ta s c mt trong thi v lai, hnh vc nh th no? Trc kiata l g v ta s c mt nh th no trong thi v lai?" Hay nay v y c nghing v mnh trong thi hin ti: "Ta c mt hay ta khng c mt? Ta c mtnh th no? Ta c mt hnh vc nh th no? Chng sanh ny t u n?V ri n s i u?".


28/45

Vi ngi khng nh l tc nh vy, mt trong su t kin ny khi ln:"Ta c t ng", t kin ny khi ln vi ngi y nh tht, nh chn; "Takhng c t ng", t kin ny khi ln vi ngi y nh tht nh chn; "Dot mnh, ta tng tri ta c t ng", t kin ny khi ln vi ngi y nhtht, nh chn; "Do t mnh, ta tng tri ta khng c t ng", t kin nykhi ln vi ngi y nh tht, nh chn. "Khng do t mnh, ta tng tri tac t ng", t kin ny khi ln vi ngi y nh tht, nh chn; hay t kinny khi ln vi ngi y: "Chnh t ng ca ta ni, cm gic, hng thqu bo cc nghip thin c lm ch ny, ch kia, chnh t ng y ca tal thng tr, thng hng, hng tn, khng chuyn bin, v s vnh vintn ti". Ny cc T-khu, nh vy gi l t kin, kin tr lm, kin hoangvu, kin h lun, kin tranh chp, kin kit phc. Ny cc T-khu, tri

buc bi kin kit s, k phm phu t nghe khng c gii thot khi sanh,

gi, cht, su, bi, kh, u, no. Ta ni k y khng thot khi kh au.

Ny cc T-khu, v v Thnh t nghe nhiu, c thy cc bc Thnh,thun thc php cc bc Thnh, tu tp php cc bc Thnh; c thy cc

bc Chn nhn, thun thc php cc bc Chn nhn, tu tp php cc bcChn nhn, tu tri cc php cn phi tc , tu tri cc php khng cn phitc . V ny, nh tu tri cc php cn phi tc , nh tu tri cc php khngcn phi tc , nn khng tc cc php khng cn phi tc v tc cc

php cn phi tc .

V ny cc T-khu, th no l cc php khng cn phi tc v v nykhng tc ? Ny cc T-khu, nhng php no do v y tc m dc lucha sanh c sanh khi, hay dc lu sanh c tng trng; hay hulu cha sanh c sanh khi, hay hu lu sanh c tng trng, hay vminh lu cha sanh c sanh khi, hay v minh lu sanh c tngtrng. l nhng php khng nn tc v v y khng tc .

V ny cc T-khu, th no l cc php cn phi tc v v y tc ? Nycc T-khu, nhng php no do v y tc m dc lu cha sanh khng

sanh khi, hay dc lu sanh c tr dit, hay hu lu cha sanh khngsanh khi, hay hu lu sanh c tr dit, hay v minh lu cha sanhkhng sanh khi, hay v minh lu sanh c tr dit, l nhng phpcn phi tc v v y tc . Nh v y khng tc cc php khng cn phitc , tc cc php cn phi tc nn cc lu hoc cha sanh khng sanhkhi v cc lu hoc sanh c tr dit.


29/45

V y nh l tc : "y l kh", nh l tc : "y l kh tp", nh l tc: "y l kh dit", nh l tc : "y l con ng a n kh dit".

Nh v y tc nh vy, ba kit s c tr dit: thn kin, nghi, gii cmth. Ny cc T-khu, cc php y c gi l php do tri kin m cc luhoc c on tr.

[Trung B, 2]

Trng lo Kotthika hi Trng lo Sriputta (X-li-pht):

-- Tha Hin gi Sriputta, nhng php g T-khu gi gii cn phi nh ltc ?

-- Ny Hin gi Kotthika, T-khu gi gii cn phi nh l tc nm th

un l v thng, kh, bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bt hnh, m au,ngi l, hy hoi, rng khng, v ng.

Th no l nm? Tc l sc th un, th th un, tng th un, hnh thun, thc th un. Ny Hin gi Kotthika, v T-khu gi gii cn phi nhl tc nm th un l v thng, kh, bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bthnh, m au, ngi l, hy hoi, rng khng, v ng.

Ny Hin gi, s kin ny xy ra: T-khu gi gii do nh tc nm thun ny l v thng, kh, bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bt hnh, m au,ngi l, hy hoi, rng khng, v ng, c th chng c qu D lu.

-- Vi T-khu chng qu D lu, ny Hin gi Sriputta, nhng php gcn phi nh l tc ?

-- Vi T-khu chng qu D lu, ny Hin gi Kotthika, cn phi nhl tc nm th un ny l v thng, kh, bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn,

bt hnh, m au, ngi l, hy hoi, rng khng, v ng. S kin ny cth xy ra, ny Hin gi, T-khu D lu, do nh l tc nm th un ny

l v thng, kh, bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bt hnh, m au, ngi l,hy hoi, rng khng, v ng, c th chng c qu Nht lai.

-- Nhng T-khu Nht lai, ny Hin gi Sriputta, phi nh l tc ccphp g?


30/45

-- T-khu Nht lai, ny Hin gi Kotthika, phi nh l tc nm th unny l v thng, kh, bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bt hnh, m au,ngi l, hy hoi, rng khng, v ng. S kin ny c th xy ra, ny Hingi, T-khu Nht lai, do nh l tc nm th un ny l v thng, kh,

bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bt hnh, m au, ngi l, hy hoi, rngkhng, v ng, c th chng c qu Bt lai.

-- Nhng T-khu Bt lai, ny Hin gi Sriputta, cn phi nh l tc nhng php g?

-- T-khu Bt lai, ny Hin gi Kotthika, cn phi nh l tc nm th unny l v thng, kh, bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bt hnh, m au,ngi l, hy hoi, rng khng, v ng. S kin ny c th xy ra, ny Hingi, T-khu Bt lai, do nh l tc nm th un ny l v thng, kh,

bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bt hnh, m au, ngi l, hy hoi, rngkhng, v ng, c th chng c qu A-la-hn.

-- Nhng v A-la-hn, ny Hin gi Sriputta, cn phi nh l tc cc phpg?

-- V A-la-hn, ny Hin gi Kotthika, cn phi nh l tc nm th un nyl v thng, kh, bnh hon, ung nht, mi tn, bt hnh, m au, ngi l,hy hoi, rng khng, v ng.

Vi v A-la-hn, ny Hin gi, khng c g phi lm na, hay khng c phithm g na trong cng vic lm. Nhng s tu tp, lm cho sung mn nhng

php ny s a n hin ti lc tr v chnh nim tnh gic.

[Tng ng, 22.122]

---o0o---

4.Thc Hnh Php V Ty Php

-- V ny cc T-khu, Ta ni minh gii thot c thc n, khng phi khngc thc n. V ci g l thc n cho minh gii thot? By gic chi, cn phitr li nh vy. Ny cc T-khu, Ta ni rng By gic chi c thc n,khng phi khng c thc n. V ci g l thc n cho By gic chi? Bnnim x, cn phi tr li nh vy. Ny cc T-khu, Ta ni rng Bn nimx c thc n, khng phi khng c thc n. Ci g l thc n cho Bn nim


31/45

x ? Ba thin hnh, cn phi tr li nh vy. Ny cc T-khu, Ta ni nhrng ba thin hnh c thc n, khng phi khng c thc n. Ci g l thcn cho ba thin hnh? Cc cn c ch ng, cn phi tr li nh vy. Nycc T-khu, Ta ni rng cc cn c ch ng c thc n, khng phikhng c thc n. Ci g l thc n cho cc cn c ch ng? Chnh nimtnh gic, cn phi tr li nh vy. Ny cc T-khu, chnh nim tnh gicc thc n, khng phi khng c thc n. Ci g l thc n cho chnh nimtnh gic? Nh l tc , cn phi tr li nh vy. Ny cc T-khu, Ta nirng, nh l tc c thc n, khng phi khng c thc n. Ci g l thc ncho nh tc ? Lng tin, cn phi tr li nh vy. Ny cc T-khu, Ta nilng tin c thc n, khng phi khng c thc n. Ci g l thc n cho lngtin? Nghe diu php, cn phi tr li nh vy. Ny cc T-khu, Ta ni rngnghe diu php c thc n, khng phi khng c thc n. Ci g l thc ncho nghe diu php? Giao thip vi bc Chn nhn, cn phi tr li nh vy.

Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, giao thip vi bc Chn nhn c vin mnthi lm vin mn nghe diu php; nghe diu php c vin mn thi lmvin mn lng tin; lng tin c vin mn, thi lm vin mn nh l tc ;nh l tc c vin mn, thi lm vin mn chnh nim tnh gic; chnhnim tnh gic c vin mn, thi lm vin mn cc cn c ch ng; cccn c ch ng c vin mn, thi lm vin mn ba thin hnh; ba thinhnh c vin mn, thi lm vin mn Bn nim x; Bn nim x cvin mn, thi lm vin mn By gic chi; By gic chi c vin mn, thilm vin mn minh gii thot.

Nh vy, y l thc n ca minh gii thot, v nh vy l s vin mn.

V nh, ny cc T-khu, trn mt ngn ni c ma ri nng ht, nc machy xung theo sn dc, lm y cc hang ni, cc k ni, cc thung lng;sau khi lm y y cc hang ni, cc k ni, cc thung lng, chng lm ycc h nh. Sau khi lm y cc h nh, chng lm y cc h ln. Sau khilm y cc h ln, chng lm y cc sng nh. Sau khi lm y cc sngnh, chng lm y cc sng ln. Sau khi lm y cc sng ln, chng lm

y bin c. Nh vy, l thc n ca bin ln, ca i dng, v nh vy ls vin mn.

Cng vy, ny cc T-khu, giao thip vi bc Chn nhn c vin mn,thi lm vin mn nghe diu php; nghe diu php c vin mn, thi lmvin mn lng tin; lng tin c vin mn thi lm vin mn nh l tc ;nh l tc c vin mn, thi lm vin mn chnh nim tnh gic; chnh


32/45

nim tnh gic c vin mn, thi lm vin mn cc cn c ch ng; cccn ch ng c vin mn, thi lm vin mn ba thin hnh; ba thin hnhc vin mn, thi lm vin mn Bn nim x; Bn nim x c vinmn, thi lm vin mn By gic chi; By gic chi c vin mn, thi lmvin mn minh gii thot.

Nh vy l thc n ca minh gii thot, v nh vy l vin mn.

[Tng Chi, 10.61]

Chnh nim v Tnh gic:

-- Ny cc T-khu, T-khu hy tr chnh nim, tnh gic. y l li giogii ca Ta cho cc ng.

V ny cc T-khu, th no l T-khu chnh nim? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu tr, qun thn trn thn, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim,nhip phc tham u i. T-khu tr, qun th trn cc cm th, nhittm, tnh gic, chnh nim, nhip phc tham u i. T-khu tr, quntm trn tm, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim, nhip phc tham u i.T-khu tr, qun php trn cc php, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim,nhip phc tham u i. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, l T-khu chnhnim.

V ny cc T-khu, nh th no l T-khu tnh gic? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu bit r rng cc cm th khi ln, bit r rng cc cm th antr, bit r rng cc cm th i n tiu mt; bit r rng cc tng khi ln,

bit r rng cc tng an tr, bit r rng cc tng i n tiu mt. Nhvy, ny cc T-khu, l T-khu tnh gic.

Ny cc T-khu, T-khu hy tr chnh nim, tnh gic. y l li giogii ca Ta cho cc ng.

[Tng ng, 47.35]

H tr cc cn

Th no l v T-khu h tr cc cn? Khi mt thy sc, v T-khu khngnm gi tng chung, khng nm gi tng ring. Nhng nguyn nhn g,khin nhn cn khng c ch ng, khin tham i, u bi, cc c, bt thin


33/45

php khi ln, T-khu t ch ng nguyn nhn y, h tr nhn cn, thchnh s h tr nhn cn.

Khi tai nghe ting, v y khng nm gi tng chung, khng nm gi tngring. Nhng nguyn nhn g khin nh cn khng c ch ng, khin thami, u bi, cc c, bt thin php khi ln, T-khu ch ng nguyn nhn y,h tr nh cn, thc hnh s h tr nh cn.

Khi mi ngi hng, v y khng nm gi tng chung, khng nm gitng ring. Nhng nguyn nhn g khin t cn khng c ch ng, khintham i, u bi, cc c, bt thin php khi ln, T-khu ch ng nguynnhn y, h tr t cn, thc hnh s h tr t cn.

Khi li nm v, v y khng nm gi tng chung, khng nm gi tng

ring. Nhng nguyn nhn g khin thit cn khng c ch ng, khintham i, u bi, cc c, bt thin php khi ln, T-khu ch ng nguynnhn y, h tr thit cn, thc hnh s h tr thit cn.

Khi thn cm xc, v y khng nm gi tng chung, khng nm gi tngring. Nhng nguyn nhn g khin thn cn khng c ch ng, khintham i, u bi, cc c, bt thin php khi ln, T-khu ch ng nguynnhn y, h tr thn cn, thc hnh s h tr thn cn.

Khi nhn thc cc php, v y khng nm gi tng chung, khng nm gitng ring. Nhng nguyn nhn g khin cn khng c ch ng, khintham i, u bi, cc c, bt thin php khi ln, T-khu ch ng nguynnhn y, h tr cn, thc hnh s h tr cn.

V y, nh s h tr cao qu cc cn y, nn hng lc th ni tm, khngvn c. Nh vy, v T-khu h tr cc cn.

[Trng B, 2]

Ba Thin hnh

c Pht ging cho c s Cunda (Thun-), con ngi th rn:

-- Ny Cunda, tnh hnh v thn c ba, tnh hnh v li c bn, tnh hnh v c ba.


34/45

Ny Cunda, th no l tnh hnh v thn c ba? y, ny Cunda, c ngion tn st sanh, t b st sanh, b trng, b kim; bit tm qu, c lngt, sng thng xt n hnh phc tt c chng sanh, v loi hu tnh. ontn ly ca khng cho, t b ly ca khng cho; bt c vt g ca ngikhc, hoc ti thn lng, hoc ti rng ni, khng c cho ngi y, ngi ykhng ly vi nim trm cp. on tn t hnh trong cc dc, t b thnh trong cc dc, khng hnh t hnh vi hng n nhn c m che ch, ccha che ch, c anh che ch, c ch che ch, c b con che ch, c php chech, c chng, c hnh pht gy gc bo v, cho n nhng n nhnc trang sc bng vng hoa (m ci). Nh vy, ny Cunda, tnh hnhv thn c ba.

V ny Cunda, th no l tnh hnh v li c bn? y, ny Cunda cngi on tn ni lo, t b ni lo, n ch tp hi hay n ch chng ti,

hay n gia cc thn tc, hay n gia cc t hp, hay n gia cc vngtc, khi b dn xut lm chng v c hi: "Ny ngi kia, hy ni nhngg ngi bit". Nu khng bit, ngi y ni: "Ti khng bit". Nu bit,ngi y ni: "Ti bit". Hay nu khng thy, ngi y ni: "Ti khngthy". Nu thy, ngi y ni: "Ti thy". Nh vy li ni ca ngi ykhng tr thnh c vng ng, hoc nguyn nhn v mnh, hoc nguynnhn v ngi, hoc nguyn nhn v mt vi quyn li g. on tn ni haili, t b ni hai li; nghe iu g ch ny, khng i n ch kia ni, sanh chia r nhng ngi ny; nghe iu g ch kia, khng i ni vinhng ngi ny, sanh chia r nhng ngi kia. Nh vy, ngi ysng ha hp nhng k ly gin, tng trng nhng k ha hp, thch th hahp, ni nhng li a n ha hp. on tn li ni c c, t b li nic c; ngi y ni nhng li ni nhu ha, m tai, d thng, thng cmn tm, tao nh, p lng nhiu ngi, vui nhiu ngi. on tn li ni

ph phim; ngi y ni ng thi, ni chn tht, ni c ngha, ni Php,ni Lut, ni nhng li ng c gn gi. V ni hp thi, nn li ni thunl, c mch lc, h thng, li ch. Nh vy, ny Cunda, tnh hnh v li nic bn.

V ny Cunda, th no l tnh hnh v c ba? y, ny Cunda, c ngikhng tham i, khng tham lam ti vt k khc, khng ngh rng: "i! Mongrng mi ti vt ca ngi khc tr thnh ca mnh". Khng c sn tm,khi ln hi , hi nim, nhng ngh rng: "Mong rng nhng loi hu tnhny sng lo t ng, khng th hn, khng sn hn, khng nhim lon, can lc". C chnh kin, khng c t tng in o, ngh rng: "C b th,c cng th, c t l, cc hnh vi thin c, c kt qu d thc, c i ny, c


35/45

i sau, c m, c cha, c cc loi ha sanh, trong i c cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn chn chnh hnh tr, chn chnh thnh tu, sau khi t tri, t chng, lituyn b cho i ny v cho i sau". Nh vy, ny Cunda, tnh hnh v c ba.

Ny Cunda, l mi thin nghip o.

[Tng Chi, 10.176]

Bn Nim x

V nh th no, ny cc T-khu, l nhp tc xut tc nim c tu tp?Nh th no l lm cho sung mn, khin bn nim x c vin mn?

Khi no, ny cc T-khu, T-khu th v di, v y bit: "Ti th v di".Hay khi th ra di, v y bit "Ti th ra di". Hay th v ngn, v y bit:"Ti th v ngn". Hay khi th ra ngn, v y bit: "Ti th ra ngn". "Cmgic c ton thn, ti s th v", v y tp. "Cm gic c ton thn, ti s thra", v y tp. "An tnh thn hnh, ti s th v", v y tp. "An tnh thnhnh, ti s th ra", v y tp. Trong khi ty qun thn trn thn, ny cc T-khu, v T-khu tr, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim ch ng tham u i. Ny cc T-khu, i vi cc thn, Ta ni y l mt, tc l th v thra. Do vy, ny cc T-khu, trong khi ty qun thn trn thn, v T-khutr, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim ch ng tham u i.

Khi no, ny cc T-khu, v T-khu ngh: "Cm gic h th, ti s thv", v y tp. "Cm gic h th, ti s th ra", v y tp. "Cm gic lc th,ti s th v", v y tp. "Cm gic lc th, ti s th ra", v y tp. "Cmgic tm hnh, ti s th v", v y tp. "Cm gic tm hnh, ti s th ra",v y tp. "An tnh tm hnh ti s th v", v y tp. "An tnh tm hnh tis th ra", v y tp. Trong khi ty qun th trn cc th, ny cc T-khu,T-khu tr, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim, ch ng tham u i.

Ny cc T-khu, i vi cc cm th, Ta ni y l mt, tc l th v th

ra. Do vy ny cc T-khu, trong khi ty qun th trn cc cm th, T-khu tr, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim ch ng tham u i.

Khi no, ny cc T-khu, T-khu ngh: "Cm gic tm, ti s th v", vy tp. "Cm gic tm, ti s th ra", v y tp. "Vi tm hn hoan, ti s thv", v y tu tp. "Vi tm hn hoan, ti s th ra", v y tp. "Vi tm Thinnh, ti s th v", v y tp. "Vi tm Thin nh, ti s th ra", v y tp.


36/45

"Vi tm gii thot, ti s th v", v y tp. "Vi tm gii thot, ti s thra", v y tp. Trong khi ty qun tm trn tm, ny cc T-khu, T-khutr, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim, ch ng tham u i. Ny cc T-khu, s tu tp nhp tc xut tc nim khng th n vi k tht nim,khng c tnh gic. Do vy, ny cc T-khu, trong khi ty qun tm trntm, T-khu tr, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim ch ng tham u i.

Khi no ny cc T-khu, T-khu ngh: "Qun v thng, ti s th v", vy tp. "Qun v thng, ti s th ra", v y tp. "Qun ly tham... qunon dit... qun t b, ti s th v", v y tp. "Qun t b, ti s th ra",v y tp. Trong khi ty qun trn cc php, ny cc T-khu, T-khu antr, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim ch ng tham u i. V y, doon tr tham u, sau khi thy vi tr tu, kho nhn (s vt) vi nim x ly.

Do vy, ny cc T-khu, trong khi ty qun php trn cc php, T-khutr, nhit tm, tnh gic, chnh nim ch ng tham u i.

Nhp tc xut tc nim, ny cc T-khu, c tu tp nh vy, c lmcho sung mn nh vy, khin cho bn nim x c vin mn.

[Trung B, 118]

By Gic chi

V bn nim x, ny cc T-khu, c tu tp nh th no, c lm sungmn nh th no, khin cho by gic chi c vin mn?

Ny cc T-khu, trong khi ty qun thn trn thn, T-khu tr, nhit tm,tnh gic, chnh nim ch ng tham u i, trong khi y, nim khnghn m ca v y c an tr. Trong khi nim khng hn m ca v y cngc an tr, ny cc T-khu, trong khi y nim gic chi c bt u khiln vi T-khu. Trong khi y, T-khu tu tp nim gic chi. Trong khi y,nim gic chi c T-khu tu tp i n vin mn.

V y an tr vi chnh nim nh vy, suy t, t duy, thm st php y vi trtu. Ny cc T-khu, trong khi tr vi chnh nim nh vy, T-khu vi trtu suy t, t duy, thm st php y, trong khi y trch php gic chi c

bt u khi ln vi T-khu. Trong khi y, T-khu tu tp trch php gicchi. Trong khi y, trch php gic chi c T-khu tu tp i n vin mn.


37/45

Trong khi T-khu vi tr tu suy t, t duy, thm st php y, s tinh tnkhng th ng bt u khi ln vi v T-khu. Ny cc T-khu, trongkhi T-khu vi tr tu suy t, t duy, thm st php y, trong khi y s tinhtn khng th ng bt u khi ln vi T-khu y. Trong khi y tinh tngic chi c bt u khi ln ni T-khu. Trong khi y, T-khu tu tptinh tn gic chi. Trong khi y, tinh tn gic chi c T-khu tu tp i nvin mn.

H khng lin h n vt cht c khi ln ni v tinh tn tinh cn. Ny ccT-khu, trong khi h khng lin h n vt cht khi ln ni T-khu tinhtn tinh cn, trong khi y, h gic chi bt u khi ln ni T-khu. Trongkhi y, h gic chi c v T-khu tu tp. Trong khi y h gic chi cT-khu tu tp i n vin mn.

Thn ca v y c tm hoan h tr thnh khinh an, tm cng c khinhan. Ny cc T-khu, trong khi T-khu vi hoan h c thn khinh an,c tm cng khinh an, trong khi y, khinh an gic chi bt u khi ln niT-khu. Trong khi y, khinh an gic chi c T-khu tu tp. Trong khiy, khinh an gic chi c T-khu lm cho i n sung mn.

Mt v c thn khinh an, an lc, tm v y c nh tnh. Ny cc T-khu,trong khi T-khu c thn khinh an, an lc, tm v y c nh tnh, trongkhi y, nh gic chi bt u khi ln ni T-khu. Trong khi y, nh gicchi c T-khu tu tp. Trong khi y nh gic chi c T-khu lm choi n sung mn.

V y vi tm nh tnh nh vy, kho nhn (s vt) vi nim x ly. Nycc T-khu, trong khi T-khu vi tm nh tnh nh vy, kho nhn (svt) vi nim x ly, trong khi y, x gic chi bt u khi ln ni T-khu.Trong khi y, x gic chi c T-khu tu tp. Trong khi y x gic chi,c T-khu lm cho n sung mn.

Ny cc T-khu, trong khi qun th trn cc cm th, ...

Ny cc T-khu, trong khi qun tm trn tm, ...

Ny cc T-khu, trong khi qun php trn cc php, T-khu an tr, nhittm, tnh gic, chnh nim vi mc ch iu phc tham u i, trong khiy nim ca v y c an tr, khng c hn m. Ny cc T-khu, trongkhi nim ca T-khu c an tr, khng c hn m, nim gic chi, trong


38/45

khi y, c bt u khi ln ni T-khu. Nim gic chi trong khi y cT-khu tu tp. Nim gic chi trong khi y, c T-khu lm cho i nsung mn. V y an tr vi chnh nim nh vy, suy t, t duy, thm st

php y vi tr tu. Ny cc T-khu, trong khi an tr vi chnh nim nhvy, v y suy t, t duy, thm st php y vi tr tu. Trch php gic chitrong khi y c bt u khi ln ni T-khu. Trch php gic chi trongkhi y c T-khu tu tp. Trch php gic chi trong khi y i n sungmn, tinh tn khng th ng bt u khi ln ni v y. Ny cc T-khu,trong khi T-khu suy t, t duy, thm st php y vi tr tu, v tinh tnkhng th ng bt u khi ln ni v y, tinh tn gic chi trong khi y btu khi ln ni v T-khu. Tinh tn gic chi c T-khu tu tp. Tinhtn gic chi c T-khu lm cho i n sung mn. i vi v y, tinh cntinh tn, h khng lin h n vt cht khi ln. Ny cc T-khu, trong khiT-khu tinh cn tinh tn v h khng lin h n vt cht khi ln, h gic

chi trong khi y bt u c khi ln ni T-khu. H gic chi trong khi yc T-khu tu tp. H gic chi trong khi y c T-khu lm cho i nsung mn. Thn ca v y c tm hoan h tr thnh khinh an, tm cngc khinh an. Ny cc T-khu, trong khi T-khu vi hoan h cthn khinh an, c tm cng khinh an, trong khi y khinh an gic chi btu khi ln ni T-khu. Trong khi y, khinh an gic chi c T-khu tutp. Trong khi y, khinh an gic chi c T-khu lm cho i n sung mn.Mt v c tm khinh an, an lc, tm v y c nh tnh. Ny cc T-khu,trong khi v y c thn khinh an, an lc, tm v y c nh tnh, trong khiy nh gic chi bt u khi ln ni T-khu. Trong khi y, nh gic chic T-khu tu tp. Trong khi y nh gic chi c T-khu lm cho in sung mn. V y vi tm nh tnh nh vy kho nhn (s vt) vi nim x ly. Ny cc T-khu, trong khi T-khu vi tm nh tnh nh vy,kho nhn (s vt) vi nim x ly, trong khi y x gic chi bt u khi lnni T-khu. Trong khi y, x gic chi c T-khu tu tp. Trong khi yx gic chi c T-khu lm cho i n sung mn.

Ny cc T-khu, bn nim x c tu tp nh vy, c lm cho sung mnnh vy khin cho by gic chi c sung mn.

[Trung B, 118]

Minh gii thot

V ny cc T-khu, by gic chi c tu tp nh th no, c lm chosung mn nh th no, khin cho minh gii thot c vin mn?


39/45

y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu tu tp nim gic chi, lin h n vin ly,lin h n ly tham, lin h n dit, hng n x ly; T-khu tu tp trch

php gic chi...; T-khu tu tp tinh tn gic chi...; T-khu tu tp h gicchi...; T-khu tu tp khinh an gic chi...; T-khu tu tp nh gic chi...;T-khu tu tp x gic chi, lin h n vin ly, lin h n ly tham, lin hn dit, hng n x ly. Ny cc T-khu, by gic chi c tu tp nhvy, c lm cho sung mn nh vy, khin cho minh gii thot c vinmn.

[Trung B, 118]

Kt lun

- Ny cc T-khu, th no l tm t nim ca bc i nhn?

Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi t dc, Php ny khng phi cho ngi nhiu dc; Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi bit , phpny khng phi cho ngi khng bit ; Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi sng thanh vng, php ny khng phi cho ngi a hichng; Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi tinh cn tinh tn, php nykhng phi cho ngi bing nhc; Ny cc T-khu,Php ny chongi tr nim, php ny khng phi cho ngi tht nim; Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi Thin nh, php ny khng phi cho ngikhng Thin nh; Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi c tr tu, Phpny khng phi cho ngi c tu; Ny cc T-khu, Php ny chongi khng a h lun, khng thch h lun, Php ny khng phi chongi a h lun, thch h lun.

(1) Ny cc T-khu, "Php ny cho ngi t dc, Php ny khng chongi c dc ln", nh vy c ni n. Do duyn g c ni nh vy?

Ny cc T-khu, y, T-khu t dc khng mun: "Mong ngi ta bit

ti l t dc"; bit , khng mun: "Mong ngi ta bit ti l bit "; sngvin ly, khng mun: "Mong ngi ta bit ti sng vin ly"; tinh cn tinhtn, khng mun: "Mong ngi ta bit ti sng tinh cn tinh tn"; tr nim,khng mun: "Mong ngi ta bit ti tr nim"; c nh, khng mun:"Mong ngi ta bit ti c nh"; c tu, khng mun: "Mong ngi ta bitti l ngi c tu "; khng thch h lun, khng mun: "Mong ngi ta bitti khng thch h lun". Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi t dc,


40/45

Php ny khng cho ngi c dc ln", c ni n nh vy. Doduyn ny c ni nh vy.

(2) Ny cc T-khu, "Php ny cho ngi bit , Php ny khng cho ngi khng bit ", nh vy c ni n. Do duyn g c ninh vy?

y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu bit vi bt c vt dng g nh y o, n kht thc, sng ta, dc phm tr bnh. Ny cc T-khu, "Php ny cho ngi bit , Php ny khng phi cho ngi khng bit ", c ni n nh vy. Do duyn ny c ni nh vy.

(3) Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi sng vin ly, "Php ny khngphi cho ngi a thch hi chng", nh vy c ni n. Do duyn

g c ni nh vy?

y, ny cc T-khu, Vi T-khu sng vin ly, c nhiu ngi nthm nh T-khu, T-khu-Ni, nam c s, n c s, vua cha, i thn, ccngoi o s, t ca cc ngoi o s. y, T-khu vi tm thun vvin ly, hng v vin ly, nhp vo vin ly, tr vo vin ly, thch th xut ly,ni li hon ton lin h n lnh xa. Ny cc T-khu, Php ny chongi vin ly, "Php ny khng phi cho ngi khng a hi chng", c ni n nh vy. Do duyn ny c ni nh vy.

(4) Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi tinh cn tinh tn, "Php nykhng phi cho ngi bing nhc", nh vy c ni n. Do duyn gc ni nh vy?

y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu sng tinh cn tinh tn, on tn cc phpbt thin, thnh tu cc php thin, n lc kin tr, khng t b gnh nngi vi cc thin php. Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi tinh cntinh tn, "Php ny khng phi cho ngi bing nhc", c ni nnh vy. Do duyn ny c ni nh vy.

(5) Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi tr nim, "Php ny khngphi cho ngi tht nim", nh vy c ni n. Do duyn g cni nh vy?

y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu y nim, thnh tu nim tu tithng, c nh ty nim nhng iu lm, ni lu. Ny cc T-khu,


41/45

"Php ny cho ngi tr nim, Php ny khng phi cho ngi thtnim", c ni n nh vy. Do duyn ny c ni nh vy.

(6) Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi thin nh, "Php ny khngphi cho ngi khng thin nh", nh vy c ni n. Do duyn gc ni nh vy?

y cc T-kheo ly cc dc, ly cc bt thin php, chng t v an tr voThin th nht, mt trng thi h lc do ly dc sanh, c tm, c t.

Li na, ny cc T-kheo, T-kheo dit tm v t, chng t v an tr voThin th hai, mt trng thi h lc do nh sanh, khng tm, khng t, nitnh nht tm.

T-kheo ly h tr x, chnh nim tnh gic, thn cm s lc th m cc bcThnh gi l x nim lc tr, chng t v an tr vo Thin th ba.

T-kheo x lc x kh, dit h u cm th trc, chng t v an trThin th t, khng kh, khng lc, x nim thanh tnh.

Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi thin nh, "Php ny khng phi cho ngi khng thin nh", c ni n nh vy. Do duyn nyc ni nh vy.

(7) Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi c tr tu, "Php ny khngphi cho ngi khng tr tu", nh vy c ni n. Do duyn gc ni nh vy?

y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu c tr tu, c tr tu v sanh dit, thnh tuThnh th nhp (quyt trch), a n chn chnh on dit kh au. Nycc T-khu, "Php ny cho ngi c tr tu, Php ny khng phi chongi khng tr tu", c ni n nh vy. Do duyn ny c ni nhvy

(8) Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi khng a h lun, khng thchh lun, "Php ny khng phi cho ngi a h lun, thch h lun", nhvy c ni n. Do duyn g c ni nh vy?

Ny cc T-khu, y, T-khu i vi on dit h lun, tm c phnchn, tnh tn, an tr, hng n. Ny cc T-khu, Php ny cho ngi


42/45

khng a h lun, khng thch h lun, "Php ny khng phi cho ngia h lun, thch h lun", c ni n nh vy. Do duyn ny c ninh vy.

[Tng Chi, 8.30]

-- Thnh tu by php, ny cc T-khu, T-khu ng c cung knh,ng c tn trng, ng c cng dng, ng c chp tay, l rung

phc v thng i.

Th no l by? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu l v bit php, bitngha, bit t ng, bit c lng, bit thi, bit hi chng, bit ngi thngk lit.

(1) V ny cc T-khu, th no l T-khu bit php? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu bit php: Kh Kinh, ng tng, K thuyt, Phng tng, Vvn t thuyt, Nh th thuyt, Bn sanh, Php cha tng c, Phng qung.

Ny cc T-khu, nu T-khu khng bit php: Kh kinh, ng tng...Phng qung, v y y khng c gi l v bit php. V ny cc T-khu, nu T-khu bit php: Kh kinh, ng tng... Phng qung; do vy,v y c gi l v bit php. Nh vy l bit php.

(2) Th no l bit ngha? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu bit ngha cali thuyt ny, ca li thuyt kia: "y l ngha ca li ni ny, y l ngha ca li ni ny". Ny cc T-khu, nu T-khu khng bit nghaca li thuyt ny, ca li thuyt kia: "y l ngha ca li ni ny, y l ngha ca li ni ny", thi y, v y khng c gi l v bit ngha.V ny cc T-khu, nu T-khu bit ngha ca li thuyt ny, ca lithuyt kia: "y l ngha ca li ni ny, y l ngha ca li ni ny";do vy, v y c gi l v bit ngha. y l bit php, bit ngha.

(3) Th no l t bit? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu t bit; "Cho nnh vy, ti c lng tin, gi gii, nghe nhiu, b th, tr tu, bin ti". Ny

cc T-khu, nu T-khu khng bit t ng nh vy: "Cho n nh vy, tic lng tin, gi gii, nghe nhiu, b th, tr tu, bin ti", thi y, v ykhng c gi l v bit t ng. Nu T-khu, ny cc T-khu, bit tng: "Cho n nh vy, ti c lng tin, gi gii, nghe nhiu, b th, tr tu,

bin ti"; do vy, v y c gi l v bit t ng. y l bit php, bitngha, t bit.


43/45

(4) V th no l bit c lng? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu bit clng (va ) trong khi nhn cc vt dng nh y, n kht thc, sng ta,dc phm tr bnh. Ny cc T-khu, nu T-khu khng bit c lngva khi nhn cc vt dng nh y, n kht thc, sng ta, dc phmtr bnh, thi v y y khng c gi l v bit c lng va . Nycc T-khu, nu T-khu bit c lng va khi nhn cc vt dng nhy, n kht thc, sng ta, dc phm tr bnh; do vy v y c gi l v

bit c lng va . y l bit php, bit ngha, t bit, bit c lng.

(5) V th no l bit thi? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu bit thi: "yl thi tuyn thuyt, y l thi cht vn, y l thi tu tp, y l thiThin tnh". Ny cc T-khu, nu T-khu khng bit thi: "y l thituyn thuyt, y l thi cht vn, y l thi tu tp, y l thi Thin tnh",thi y, v y c gi l khng bit thi. V ny cc T-khu, nu T-

khu bit thi: y l thi tuyn thuyt, y l thi cht vn, y l thi tutp, y l thi Thin tnh"; do vy, v y c gi l v bit thi. y l bit

php, bit ngha, t bit, bit va , bit thi.

(6) V th no l bit hi chng? y, ny cc T-khu, T-khu bit hichng: "y l hi chng St--l, y l hi chng B-la-mn, y l hichng Gia ch, y l hi chng Sa-mn. y, nn i n nh vy, nnng nh vy, nn ngi nh vy, nn ni nh vy, nn im lng nh vy".

Ny cc T-khu, nu T-khu khng bit hi chng: "y l hi chngSt--l, y l hi chng B-la-mn, y l hi chng Gia ch, y l hichng Sa-mn. y, nn i n nh vy, nn ng nh vy, nn ngi nhvy, nn ni nh vy, nn im lng nh vy", thi y, v y khng cgi l "V bit hi chng". V ny cc T-khu, nu T-khu bit hichng: "y l hi chng St--l, y l hi chng B-la-mn, y l hichng Gia ch, y l hi chng Sa-mn. y, nn i n nh vy, nnng nh vy, nn ngi nh vy, nn ni nh vy, nn im lng nh vy"; dovy, c gi l "V bit hi chng". y l bit php, bit ngha, t bit,

bit va , bit thi, bit hi chng.

(7) V th no l bit ngi thng lit? y, ny cc T-khu, vi v T-khu, loi Ngi c bit theo hai hng: mt hng a thy cc bc Thnh,mt hng khng a thy cc bc Thnh. Ngi ny khng a thy cc bcThnh, do c vic y, ng b qu trch. Cn ngi ny a thy cc bcThnh, do vic y, ng c tn thn. C hai hng ngi nghe diu php:mt hng ngi a nghe diu php, mt hng ngi khng a nghe diu

php. Hng ngi ny khng a nghe diu php, do s vic y, ng b qu


44/45

trch. Hng ngi ny a nghe diu php, do s vic y, ng c tn thn.C hai hng ngi nghe diu php: mt hng ngi lng tai nghe diu php,mt hng ngi khng lng tai nghe diu php. Hng ngi ny khng lngtai nghe diu php, do s vic y, ng b qu trch. Hng ngi ny lng tainghe diu php, do s vic y, ng c tn thn. C hai hng ngi lngtai nghe php: mt hng ngi nghe xong, th tr php; mt hng nginghe xong, khng th tr php. Ngi ny nghe xong khng th tr php, dos vic y, ng b qu trch. Ngi ny nghe xong th tr php, do s vicy, ng c tn thn. C hai hng ngi nghe xong th tr php: mt hngngi qun st ngha cc php c th tr, mt hng ngi khng qunst ngha cc php c th tr. Hng ngi ny khng qun st nghacc php c th tr, do s vic y, ng c qu trch. Hng ngi nyqun st ngha cc php c th tr, do s vic y, ng c tn thn. Chai hng ngi qun st ngha cc php c th tr: mt hng ngi sau

khi hiu ngha, sau khi hiu php, thc hnh php; ty php; mt hngngi sau khi hiu ngha, sau khi hiu php, khng thc hnh php, ty

php. Hng ngi ny sau khi hiu ngha, sau khi hiu php, khng thchnh php, ty php, do s vic y, ng b qu trch. Hng ngi ny saukhi hiu ngha, sau khi hiu php, thc hnh php, ty php, do s vic y,ng c tn thn. C hai hng ngi sau khi hiu ngha, sau khi hiu php thc hnh php; ty php: mt hng ngi thc hnh vi mc ch t li,khng c li tha; mt hng ngi thc hnh vi mc ch t li v li tha.Hng ngi ny thc hnh vi mc ch t li, khng c li tha, do s vicy, ng b qu trch. Hng ngi ny thc hnh vi mc ch t li v litha, do s vic y, ng c tn thn. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, i viT-khu, loi Ngi c bit theo hai hng. Nh vy, ny cc T-khu, lT-khu bit hng ngi thng lit.

Do thnh tu by php ny, ny cc T-khu, T-khu ng c cungknh, ng c tn trng, ng c cng dng, ng c chp tay, lrung phc v thng i.

[Tng Chi, 7.64]

(Trong ngy cui cng cn ti th) c Nh Lai ni vi tn gi nanda:

-- Ny nanada, cc cy sl song th t nhin tr hoa tri ma trn ycnh l, nhng a hoa ny ri ln, gieo khp v tung vi trn thn Nh Lai cng dng. Nhng thin hoa Mandrava t trn h khng ri xung, riln, gieo khp v tung vi trn thn Nh Lai cng dng. Bt tri chin


45/45

n t trn h khng ri xung, ri ln, gieo khp v tung vi trn thn NhLai cng dng. Nhc tri trn h khng tri dy cng dng NhLai. Thin ca trn h khng vang ln cng dng Nh Lai.

Nhng, ny nanda, nh vy khng phi knh trng, tn sng, nh l, cngdng hay l knh Nh Lai. Ny nanda, nu c T-khu, T-khu ni, c snam hay c s n no thnh tu Chnh php v Ty php, sng chn chnhtrong Chnh php, hnh tr ng Chnh php, thi ngi y knh trng, tnsng, nh l, cng dng Nh Lai vi s cng dng ti thng. Do vy,ny nanda, hy thnh tu Chnh php v Ty php, sng chn chnh trongChnh php v hnh tr ng Chnh php. Ny nanda, qu v cn phi hctp nh vy.

[Trng B, 16]

Ht

Qua Du Luu - Binh an Son Dich

Documents

Transcript of Qua Du Luu - Binh an Son Dich