Qing dynasty
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Transcript of Qing dynasty
Two foreign reigns in Chinese history
Yuan Dynasty –Mongolians Genghis
Khan
Qing Dynasty – Manchurians
Nurhachi
Foreign rule
Taiping rebellion Boxer Rebellion (1850-1864) (1898-1903)
1644 1911
Kang xi Qianglong 1662-1722 1736-1795 opium wars Tongzhi (1839-1860) restoration (1862-1874) 100 day’s
reform
Ruling time
One of the most successful emperors in Chinese history (61 years of ruling)
Tours of inspections of the south
Compiled history books, encyclopedia, and Kangxi Dictionary
Emperor Kang Xi
Politically Manchu conquered China Culturally they were called “uncivilized northern
tribe” Culturally Manchu was greatly sinocized by
Chinese culture Early Qing emperors studied Chinese classics
and Confucianism books systematically Kangxi could recite the Four Books and Five
Classics
Balancing Manchurian culture and Han Chinese traditions
Qing rulers adopted various Chinese political institutions
Assimilated sophisticated Chinese beliefs and way of life
Chinese culture was also influenced by Manchurian culture, such as the language “Mandarin”
Qipao
Mutual influence
During his reign, the territory expanded to its greatest size
Compiled the Complete Library of Four Treasuries
(3,000 volumes of Chinese poetry and prose)
Emperor Qianlong
served as a means to control trade with the west focused all trade on the southern port of Canton (now
Guangzhou) Was highly resented by the foreign traders Trading product: silk, porcelain, tea
Canton System一口通商
-numerous military campaigns
- Corruption and extravagance
- Growing population 450 million
- Incompetent government
The Decline of Qing
The biggest peasant uprising in China’s history
Set up a rival dynasty in Nanjing
The Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace ( taiping tianguo)
Controlled a large portion of territory
Taiping Rebellion
Posed a serious challenge to the Manchu dynasty
Has great implications in later time
- Inspiration of Communist revolution - Source of rejection of Confucianism - Source of the idea of communism (collective cultivation of
the land) - Equality of the sexes and the prohibition of concubinage
arranged marriages, foot-binding, opium-smoking, and gambling.)
Tong zhi Restoration (1862-1874)
Self-strengthening movement -Zongli Yamen to deal with foreign powers -non-traditional subjects such as math were
offered -arsenals and shipyards were built -policy studies and questions on governance
became the focus
Qing Restoration
The goal of the reform is to turn the imperial system into a constitutional monarchy or republic government
The reform threatened the interests of upper class group and the reign of Ci Xi (Empress Dowager)
Emperor Guangxu was arrested, Kang and Liang fled, and Tan was executed.
Guangxu died in 14th Nov 1908 Ci xi 15th Nov 1908
100 years of cold case
2008 confirmed that he was poisoned to death
Ci xi / eunuchs / Yuan Shikai
an imperial concubine for the Xianfeng After Xianfeng’s death, she attended state
affairs behind the throne unofficially but effectively controlled the
Manchu Qing dynasty in China for 47 years, from 1861 to her death in 1908
Was claimed for the collapse of the Qing dynasty the most notorious empress in Chinese imperial
history
-resentment towards foreign power-target: Christian missionaries and foreign
embassies-was originally anti-qing movement-was used later to fight for foreign power-surpressed by the Eight Nation Alliance
Boxer rebellion