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Oå_yH$mí_ra AñdñW R>odÊ`mV \w$Q>raVmdmXr_wpñb_ JQ> `eñdr PmbobogÜ`mVar {XgV Amho. H|$Ð gaH$ma {d{dY H$ë`mUH$mar `moOZm am~dV Amho.añVo, aoëdo, nyb, AË`mYw{ZH$ ~moJXo dJ¡ao gmd©O{ZH$ gw{dYm Oå_yH$mí_ra _Ü |YS>mŠ`mV XoD$Z, H$mpí_ar OZVobm XoemÀ`m _w»`àdmhmer OmoS>Ê`mMm YS>H$H$m ©H«$_ _moXr gaH$maZo gwé Ho$bm. Ë`m_wio gaH$mar H$moQ>çdYtMm {ZYr àË`j

OZVoÀ`m godoV IM© hmoV Amho. H|$ÐmMm {ZYr _Yë`m _Ü o hS>n H$aUmao «ï>mMmar amOH$maUr, XheXdmÚm§MoåhmoaHo$, _Ü`ñWr dJ¡ao `m§Mr byQ> amoIbr OmV Amho. AmOn ªV H|$ÐmMm n¡gm OZ{hVmgmR>r Xhm Q> o$dmnê$Z, Cd©[aV {ZYr g§~§{YVm§Zr bwQ>bm. AmO H|$Ð àm_m{UH$nUo {dH$mgmV {ZYr bmdV Agë`mZo,H|$Ðmbm VS>OmoS>rMr AW©nyU© ~mobUr H$amd`mg ^mJ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r \w$Q>raVmdmXr JQ> wdH$m§g ^S>H$mdyZX§Jbr, XJS> \o$H$ KS>dyZ AmUV AmhoV H$m, mMr XmQ >e§H$m Amho, Zìho hoM AñdñWVoMo XþIao nU OiVodmñVd Amho!

dmñV{dH$, Oå_yH$mí_raÀ`m 10 Q> o$ joÌmV, Á`mbm Aem§V H$mí_ra Imoa o åhUVmV Vo Amho. nUnmH$Mr gyÌo, XheXdmXr, ^maV {damoYr \w$Q>raVmdmXr JQ> àgma_mÜ`_m§Mo ghH$m`m©Zo Ago ^`mU {MÌOJmV d XoemV C o H$aVmV H$s, OUy g§nyU© Oå_y H$mí_ra noQ>bm`!! emo{n`m, ~mam_w„m, nwbdm_m ho \$º$Aem§V Amho. ~mH$s H$mí_ra, Oå_y, bS>mI {_iyZ 90 Q> o$ ^mJ em§V Amho, ho hr AmnU g_OyZ ¿`mdo.{e`m ~hþb JwaoP, H$ma{Jb em§VM Amho. àgma _mÜ`_o `m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ d gm_m{OH $n¡by§da _wÔm_ àH$meQ>mH$V Zmhr, H$maU Ë`m§Mo {hV g§~§Y A{VaoŠ`m§er OmoS>bo ZmhrV Zm, `mMr e§H$m ZmH$maVm oV Zmhr.

_wimV H$mí_ra ho qhXÿ amÁ` hmoVo. AmÚ e§H$amMm`mªMo AmYrnmgyZ, åhUOo Á`mdoir _wpñb_ CnmgZmnÕVrMr ñWmnZm hr Pmbr ZìhVr, Ë`mnyduMm qhXþ amÁ`mMm H$mpí_amV H$ma^ma hmoVm ho B{Vhmg gm§JVmo.ñdmV§Í`mn ªV h[aqgJ ho qhXÿ amOo amÁ` H$arV hmoVo. {d{dY AmH«$_Um§Zm Vm|S> XoVm XoVm hm àXoe _wpñb_~hþb Pmbm. 1947 _Ü o qhXþñWmZMr \$miUr Z§Va nmH$ g¡Ý`mÀ`m KwgImoar doir, H$mí_ra qhXþñWmZmV{dbrZ Pmbo d Amnë`m g¡Ý`mZo nmH$ g¡Ý`mbm amoIbo, Var nmH$ ì`má H$mí_raMm bMH$m VwQy>Z H$mí_raOm`~§Xr Pmbo. Ë`mV MrZZo bS>mIMm _moR>m y mJ {Jibm. Amnë`m VËH$mbrZ gaH$maZo amOH$s`,gm_[aH$ _wËgÔrnUmV H$M ImD$Z, KwgImoam§Zm Am`Vo ~i {Xbo. H$mí_ra ho nwT>rb H$mimV OmJ{VH$g§Kfm©Mo H|$Ð hmoB©b mH$So> Ho$bobo Ë`mH$mimVrb Xþb©j AmO _mÌ, Ajå` R>abo Amho. _wimV H$mí_r[a`VZmdmZo Jm|Omabobr gw\$s {dMmaYmam dê$Z gm¡å`nU AmVyZ H$Å>aVoH$So> ZoD$Z gmoS>Umar \$gdr dmQ>Amho!! _wJb H$mimV gwÕm gw\$sg§V na§naoZo qhXÿ§Mo d¡Mm[aH$ Y_mªVaU Ho$bo. Agmo,... AmnU gw\$s


na§naobm gm¡å` _mZbo, Var Joë`m Mma XeH$mV H$mpí_amV Ohmb ,H$Å>a _wpñb_ åhUdUmè`m dhm~rn§WmMr dmT> Pmbr. Am{W©H$ _mJmgbonU, _wpñb_ ñWm{ZH$ amOH$s` JQ>m§Mm «ï>mMma d ^maV nmH$OdiH$sMm g§{YgmYy XþÅ>nr H$ma^ma, nmH$Mr ñdV§Ì H$mí_ra Mr {MWmdUr, `m gdmªVyZ {d{Y{ZfoYZgbobr H$Å>aVm dmT>br. dhm~r n§Wm§À`m Ho$di 8 _{eXr hmoË`m, VoWo AmO H$mí_ra _Ü o 660 dhm~r_{eXr AmhoV. gm¡XrAao{~`m ,nm{H$ñVmZ_YyZ Ë`mgmR>r _mUyg~i d n¡gm nwadbm OmVmo. Amnbm _wpñb_AZwZ`, «ï>mMma, XheXdmXm~X²b ~moQ>Monr CXma y{_H$m `m_wio hm n§W dmT>bm.

«ï> d {T>gmi àemgZ, Xþ §Jbobo gm_mÝ`m§Mo _Z, Am`{ggMm w d H$m§da nJS>m, mVyZ amÁ` d H|$ÐgaH$mada amof ì`º$ hmoVmZm, àË oH$mbm H$mhr AJXr XheXdmXr ìhmdo Ago dmQ>V Zgmdo, H$maU ^maVr`àemgZgodm, ^maVr` bîH$a, nmo{bgXb `m_Ü o âVr hmoÊ`mg H$mí_ra _Ü o JXu hmoVo. 50 EH$ emim\w$Q>raVmdmXr JQ>m§Zr Omië`mVar, 95 Q> o$ {dÚmWu narjm§Zm ~gbo {h dñVwpñWVr Amho. Var dhm~rn§WmH$So> wdH$m§Zm AmH$f©U dmT>bobo YmoH$mXm`H$M Amho.

^maVr` d naXoer n ©Q>H$mZm gw{dYm nwadyZ g_mYmZmZo d àm_m{UH$nUo OJÊ`mMr Cd©[aV _moR>çmbmoH$g§» oMr AmOhr _mZ{gH$Vm Amho, nU XheVdmXm_wio Aem§VVm d n ªQ>Z ì`dgm`mMo CËnÞmda_moR>m n[aUm_ hmoVmo Amho. gm_mÝ` H$mpí_ar OZVm, àemgZ d \w$Q>raVdmXr qhgH$ JQ>, nm{H$ñVmZrhñVH$, `m§À`m H$MmQ>çmV âS>bo OmD$Z XheVdmÚm§Mo hñVH$ hmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m dmT>V Amho. {JbmZrbmgmH$So> KmbyZhr ì`mnma Agmo dm _VXmZ Agmo Ë`m_Ü o XheX H$_r hmoD$ eH$br Zmhr. _VXmZ 70Q> ²$`mdê$Z 7 Q> ²$`m§da Kgabo. XJS>\o$H$ , YanH$S>, aº$nmV amoOMr g_ñ`m hmoD$Z ~gbr.

dhm~r n§WmMo Ohmb JQ>mbm H$mí_ra, H$mí_r[a`V, amï´>dmX, ^maV gaH$ma, bmoH$emhr à{H«$`m,g§dmX dJ¡ao H$moUVoM Zr{V_mZ _mJ© _mÝ` Zmhr ho ñnï> hmoV Amho. nma§n[aH$ ì`dgm` Zr{V_Îmm, ì`mnma`mMo dhm~r A{VaoŠ`m§Zm XoUo KoUo Zmhr, ho ^`mZH$ gË` Amho. dhm~r n§WdmT>r_wio H$mí_raMr gm§ñH¥${VH$nmio_wio CÜdñV Pmbr AmhoV. dhm~r n§W hm wdH$m§Zm H$Å>an§Wr Bñbm{_H$ ñQ>oQ²g d nm{H$ñVmZrAmÈgAm`, bîH$aVmo ~m dJ¡ao KmVH$ g§KQ>Zm§À`m Bemè`mda ZmMV AmhoV. nm{H$ñVmZMm ñdV…Mm `mqhgH$ g§KQ>Zm§da Vm~m dm A§Hw$e Zmhr. Ë`m_wio nm{H$ñVmZer MMm©, _wËgÔo{Jar, dmQ>mKmQ>r Agë`mdoiH$mTy> d ñdßZmiy AmemdmXmbm AmVm `mnwT>o {H$Vr _hËd amhrb `mMr e§H$mM Amho. XheXdmXr JQ>m§MoNw>no ZoV¥Ëd H$moUmH$So> AgUma ho nmH$ gaH$ma nU R>ady eH$V Zmhr, Va nm{H$ñVmZ ~amo~a H$gbrdm`\$i MMm©M H$m_mMr Zmhr ho AmVm ^maV gaH$maZo R>adÊ`mMr doi Ambr Amho.

AmO ^maV gaH$ma pñWa d gH$mamË_H$ Amho. ^maV XoemMo ZoV¥Ëd _moXrOtMo hmVr gwa{jV Amho,àemgZ d g¡Ý`Xb gj_ Amho. XoemMr Am{W©H$ pñWVr Mm§Jbr Amho. nm{H$ñVmZ d MrZ gmoS>Vm AÝèoOmar Xoe ho nU XheXdmXmMo {eH$ma ~Zbo AmhoV, Ë`m_wio maVr` gaH$maMo g_XþIr Xoem§~amo~a g§~§Y


ghH$m`m©Mo AmhoV, {ZXmZ {damoY AgUma Zmhr. A_o[aH$m, {~«Q>Z, a{e`m `m§Mm XheVdmXmbm nyduAgbobm Nw>nm nmqR>~m Amogabm Amho. Ë`mV ^maV hr H«$`eº$s Agbobr gdm©V _moR>r ~mOmanoR> Amho.Vr OJmbm hdr Amho. Y_©, àm§V, oX, {d{dYVoVrb g§Kf© J[a~r, Am{W©H$ _§Xr, XþîH$mi dJ¡ao Z¡g{J©H$AmnÎmr d XheVdmXr h„o `m gdmªda _mV H$ê$Z OJmbm em§VVm, `moJ, V§ÌkmZ, V§Ìk, _mUyg~iXoÊ`mMr j_Vm ^maVmZo {gÕ Ho$br Amho. g{hîUw g§ñH¥$VrMo Xe©Z OZVonmgyZ g¡Ý`Xbmn ªVoMo gd©OUg§H$Q>H$mir XmIdV AmhoV. OJmbm hr gwg§ñH¥$V R>od _mZdVogmR>r OnUo ^mJ Amho, `mMr OJmVrb_hmeŠVtZm OmU Ambobr Amho. Ë`mMdoir nm{H$ñVmZMo ApñVËdM YmoŠ`mV Amho ho nU gd© XoeOmUVmV. nm{H$ñVmZ_Ü o ~bw{MñWmZ, qgY dJ¡ao àm§Vm_Ü o Ag§Vmof Amho. Ë`mM doir H$mhr AndmXmË_H$\w$Q>H$i d {dH$mD$ ^maVr` ZoVo, nÌH$ma Ogo {Xp½dO`qgJ, Ho$Oardmb, \$méI AãXþ„m, H$VrW_mZdm{YH$mar O_mV, S>mdo ZoVo, H$mhr eo\$maboë`m {dÚmWu g§KQ>Zm hoM gmoS>bo Va Xoe _moXr gaH$maÀ`mH$R>moa {ZU© mMo ñdmJV d g_W©Z H$aob hr AmOMr XoemV _mZ{gH$Vm Amho.

Aemdoir gm_[aH$ _wËgÔo{Jar d g¡Ý`XbmMr H$mí_radarb nH$S> KÅ> H$aUo ho AË`mdí`H$ nmD$bR>amdo. wÕ, N>moQ>çm bT>m`m, wÕ g_J«rMo àXe©Z Z H$aVm hiyhiy H$mí_ra ^maVr` bîH$amÀ`m Vmã`mVXoD$Z XheV g§ndUo hr H$mimMr JaO Amho, AgoM gd© Xoer naXoer {hV[M§VH$ åhUVrb. XoemÀ`m A§VJ©Vn«ým§Mr gmoS>dUyH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gVV A_o[aH$m a{e`mMo nm` YaÊ`mMo {Xdg g§nbo ho AmVm gaH$maZoXmIdyZ XoÊ`mMr doi Amho, ZmhrVa 1948 Mr Agø n[apñWVr nwÝhm Xoemda AmoT>dy eH$Vo.

g§dmX à{H«$`m AmVm H$m`_Mr Wm§~dmdr d YS>H$ bîH$ar H$madmB© H$ê$Z H$mí_ra _Yrb dhm~rMidi {MaS>mdr hrM _wËgÔo{Jar d Xoe{hV Amho `m {ZU© mn ªV gaH$ma Amë`mg YmoŠ`mMm ~§Xmo~ñVH$aUo eŠ` Amho. nm{H$ñVmZMr AUw wÕmMr Y_H$s nmoH$i R>adÊ`mMr hrM g§Yr Amho. nma§n[aH$ bîH$arH$madmB© Vo wÕ `mnmgyZ AUw wÕ Iyn Xÿa AgVo. nm{H$ñVmZbm MrZMr bîH$ar _XV, agX nwadR>mhmoÊ`mnydu H$mí_rada ^maVr` bîH$a d goZmXbm§Mr nH$S> KÅ> H$aUo H«$_àmá Amho. bîH$ar OdmZm§Mr{ZK¥©U hË`m, H$mí_r[a wdH$ C_a \¡$`mOMr ä`mS> hË`m, {Z`mo{OV XJS>\o$H$, g¡{ZH$mbm WßnS> _maUo {h_wpñb_ XheVrMo V§Ìo eoH$S>mo dfmªnmgyZ hm Xoe nmhV Amho.

g_mOmV XheV CËnÞ H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$ma nydu N>ÌnVr g§ mOr _hmamOm§Mr H«y$a hË`m, Jwé JmoqdXqgJm§À`m_wbm§Mr hË`m Agmo dm n¥ÏdramO Mm¡hmZMr \$gdyZ hË`m Agmo, `mMo gyÌ dmnê$Z H«y$a XheXdmXraŠVa§{OV B{Vhmg VmOm H$aÊ`mMm d _wpñb_ wdH$m§Zm gmhgr H«y$aH¥$Ë o H$aÊ`mg \w$gM bmdV AmhoV.H$mimMr nmdbo B{VhmgH$Sy>Z AmnU H$Yr {eH$Uma?! _wpñb_ XoemV Xoe{damoYr JQ>m§Mr Y_m©À`m ZmdmZogagH$Q> hË`m H$aUmao dhm~r ZoVo Amnë`m qhXÿ XoemV nm` amodë`mda H$moUË`m ñVamMr qhgm d aº$nmVH$aVrb `mMr H$ënZm AmnU H$ê$ eH$Vmo. amZQ>r, Y_mªY naH$s` _wpñb_m§nmgyZ ñWm{ZH$ gm¡å`_wpñb_m§Zm dmMdUo d XheXdmXrZm R>oMyZ g§ndUo `mgmR>r H$mí_rada bîH$ar nH$S> AmÎmmM KÅ>


([email protected]) c c c {ddoH$ à. {gÞaH$a

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N>nmB© joÌmVrb EH$ XO}Xma gMmoQ>rnyU© ì`dhma~r-7, JmodB©H$a B_maV, e{Zdma noR>, nwUo - 30 XyaÜdZr : (020) 24485632

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1. Am§Vaamï´>r` H$sVuMo g§_mohZ-CnMmaVk … namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr df© 1971 Vo df© 1978 `mH$mbmdYrV {~«Q>Z_Ü o g§_mohZ-CnMmanÕVrda `eñdr g§emoYZ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mr g§_mohZ CnMmaVk åhUyZAm§Vaamï´>r` H$sVu Pmbr. df© 1982 _Ü o Ë`m§Zr ^maVr` d¡ÚH$s` g§_mohZ Am{U g§emoYZ g§ñWm ñWmnbr.

1A. g§_mohZemó Am{U g§_mohZ-CnMma `m§darb J«§Wg§nXm ! : namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr g§_mohZemó,gwIr OrdZmgmR>r g§_mohZ CnMma, emar[aH$ {dH$mam§da ñdg§_mohZ CnMma, b¢{JH$ g_ñ`m§da ñdg§_mohZCnMma, _Zmo{dH$mam§da ñdg§_mohZ CnMma (2 ^mJ), ho J«§W {b{hbo AmhoV.

2. AÜ`mË_àgmamgmR>r gZmVZ ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm Am{U ñdV… Ho$bobo AÜ`mË_àgmamMo H$m ©…namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr AÜ`mË_emómMm àgma H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1.8.1991 `m {Xder Ë`m§Mo Jwé n.ny.^º$amO _hmamO `m§À`m H¥$nmerdm©XmZo gZmVZ ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm Ho$br.

2A. namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr ñdV… Ho$bobo AÜ`mË_àgmamMo H$m © : df© 1987 Vo df© 1995 `mH$mbmdYrV namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr _hmamï´>, Jmodm Am{U H$Zm©Q>H$ `m amÁ`m§V AÜ`mË_mMo Aä`mgdJ©Am`mo{OV H$aUo, AÜ`mË_mMo {ejU XoUmè`m J«§Wm§Mo g§H$bZ H$aUo, VgoM {Okmgy AZ² gmYH$ `m§À`m e§H$m§Mo {ZagZH$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm d¡ {º$H$ AmÜ`mpË_H$ CÞVrgmR>r gmhmæ` H$aUo, ho H$m © _hmamï>, Jmodm, H$Zm©Q>H$ `m amÁ`mV Ho$bo.

2 Am. gZmVZ g§ñWoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Mmby Agbobm AÜ`mË_àgma : AÜ`mË_àgmamÀ`m H$m`m©Mr ì`márdmT>ë`mZ§Va namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr 23 _mM© 1999 `m {Xder gZmVZ g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm Ho$br. gmám{hH$gËg§J, àdMZo, Xÿa{MÌdm{hÝ`m§darb Y_©gËg§J, ~mbg§ñH$madJ©, Jwénm¡{U©_m gmohio AmXr _mÜ`_mVyZ gZmVZMoAÜ`mË_àgmamMo H$m © Aì`mhVnUo Mmby Amho.3. gmYH$m§À`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ CÞVrÀ`m Ñï>rZo Ho$booboo H$m`© …-3 A. JwéH¥$nm`moJ `m erK« B©œaàmárgmR>r

gZmVZ g§ñWoMo g§ñWmnH$ namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dboY_©, H$bm, ^mfm, amï´>ajU, Y_©OmJ¥Vr AmXr {df`m§da{dnwb J«§W{bImU H$aUmao Vo kmZJwé AmhoV. {dœH$ë`mUmgmR>r gÎdJwUr bmoH$m§Mo B©œar amÁ` (qhXþ amï´>, gZmVZ Y_© amÁ`) hdoM, Agm gd©àW_ CÓmofH$aUmao Vo amï>Jwé AmhoV. erK« B©œaàmárgmR>r JwéH¥$nm`moJ `m gmoß`m gmYZm_mJm©Mr gmYZm {eH$dUmao Vo _mojJwéAmhoV ! namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Mo gd©ì`mnr H$m © `m EH$m boImV g§H${bV H$aUo Ho$di AeŠ` Amho. Ë`m§À`mH$m`m©Mr gdmªZm WmoS>r\$ma Var AmoiI hmoD$Z gdmªZm `m H$m`m©{df`r {Okmgm {Z_m©U ìhmdr, d Y_©gmYZm VgoMamï´>^ŠVrMr AmoT> {Z_m©U ìhmdr. hm `m boImMm CÔoe Amho. …- gX²Jwé (gm¡.) A§Obr JmS>Jri, gZmVZ g§ñWm


Agboë`m `moJ_mJm©Mo OZH$ ! : {Okmgy§Zm erK« B©œa àmár H$aVm `mdr, `mgmR>r namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§ZrH$_©, º$s Am{U kmZ m moJ_mJmªMm g§J_ Agbobm JwéH¥$nm`moJ gm§{JVbm. 31.3.2017 n ªV JwéH¥$nm`moJmZwgmagmYZm Ho$ë`mZo 70 gmYH$ g§VnXr {damO_mZ Pmbo AmhoV, Va 1014 gmYH$m§Zr 60 Q> ²$`m§hÿZ A{YH$nmVir JmR>br AgyZ Ë`m§Mm AmÜ`mpË_H$ àdmghr g§VËdmÀ`m {XeoZo hmoV Amho.

3 Am. JwéHw$bmg_ Aml_m§Mr {Z{_©Vr ! : namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr JwéHw$bmg_ Aml_m§Mr {Z{_©Vr Ho$brAmho. Ë`m§À`m àoaUoVyZ am_ZmWr (Jmodm), XodX (_w§~B©), {_aO (gm§Jbr), dmamUgr AmXr AZoH$ {R>H$mUrAgboë`m Aml_m§VyZ AZw_mZo 800 gmYH$ nyU©doi gmYZm H$aV AmhoV.

3 B. namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©Zm_wio gmYH$m§Mr Pmbobr AmÜ`mpË_H$ CÞVr …- 1. EImXrdñVy, KQ>Zm dm H$mi `m§À`m g§X^m©V gyú_mVyZ H$moUVr à{H«$`m KS>br, `m{df`r gyú_-narjU (Q>rn) H$aVmoUo. 2. EImÚm {df`mMo n¥Ïdrda Hw$R>ohr CnbãY Zgbobo kmZ gyú_mVyZ (Ñí` qH$dm {dMma `m§À`m ñdê$nmV)

àmá hmoUo. 3. Xþgè`mMr AmÜ`mpË_H$ nmVir AmoiIy eH$Uo. 4. n§M_hm yVm§Mr ñWyb AZ² gyú_ Mm§Jbr Am{UdmB©Q> bjUo gm§JVm oUo. 5. Mm§Jë`m AZ² dmB©Q> eº$s¨Mo n[aUm_ Am{U àH$Q>rH$aU AmoiIVm oUo. 6. dmB©Q>eº$s¨À`m àH$Q>rH$aUmda Cnm` gm§JVm oUo.

4. J«§W-{Z{_©Vr Am{U àH$meZH$m © …- 4 A. gdmªJñneu J«§Wg§nXoMo g§H$bZ : namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§ZrY_©, AÜ`mË_, XodVm§Mr CnmgZm, gmYZm, AmMmaY_©, ~mbg§ñH$ma, amï´>ajU, Y_©OmJ¥Vr, B©œwaàmárgmR>rH$bm, AmÜ`mpË_H$ Cnm`, AmnËH$mbrZ CnMma BË`mXr {d{dY {df`m§da J«§Wg§nXm g§H${bV Ho$br Amho. 15^mfm§V 68 bj 39 ghò àVr àH$m{eV Pmë`m AmhoV.

4A1. namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§À`m J«§Wm§Mr H$mhr d¡{eï²> o …- A. gZmVZÀ`m ~hþVm§er J«§Wm§V n¥ÏdrdaàW_M CnbãY Pmboë`m kmZmMo à_mU gw_mao 30 Vo 70 Q> o$ Amho. Am. AÜ`mË_mÀ`m {d{dY A§Jm§MmH$m ©H$maU^md, VgoM AÜ`mË_mVrb àË oH$ H¥$Vr{df`r H$m AZ² H$go `m§Mr emór` CÎmao J«§WmV {_iVrb!B. {dkmZ wJmVrb dmMH$m§Zm g_Oob Aem AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ ^mfoVrb (CXm. gmaUr, Q> o$dmar) kmZ! B©. Ho$diVmpÎdH$ {ddoMZM Zìho, Va H$mimZwgma gmYZm H¥$VrV AmUÊ`m{df`r _mJ©Xe©Z! C. Ym{_©H$ H¥$Vr AZ² gmYZm `m§Mmì`º$s, dñVy, dmñVy Am{U dmVmdaU `m§da hmoUmè`m Mm§Jë`m-dmB©Q> n[aUm_m§À`m g§X^m©Vrb d¡km{ZH$ CnH$aUm§ÛmaoHo$boë`m à`moJm§Mo {bImU `m§Mm A§V^m©d !

4Am. ÜdZr-MH$Ë`m (Am°{S>Amo grS>r) Am{U ÜdZr{MÌ-MH$Ë`m (ìhrgrS>r) `m§Mr {Z{_©Vr …-4 Am 1.Xÿa{MÌdm{hÝ`m§gmR>r Y_©gËg§J _m{bH$m§À`m ÜdZr{MÌ-MH$Ë`m (ìhrgrS>r) : qhXþ Y_© Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr `m§VrbAmMma-{dMmam§Mo _hÎd, ^maVr` ^mfm§Mo AmÜ`mpË_H$ _hÎd, ^maVmVrb VrW©joÌo, Xodio, g§Vm§Mo _R>, g§Vm§Mrg_mYrñWmZo, Eo{Vhm{gH$ ñWio AmXtMo _mhmËå`, VgoM AmÜ`mpË_H$ g§emoYZ, dmB©Q> eº$sÀ`m Ìmgm§darb Cnm`AmXt{df`r ghòmo ÜdZr{MÌ-MH$Ë`m (ìhrgrS>r) ~Zdë`m OmV AmhoV. gmYZm, AÜ`mË_m{df`r e§H$m{ZagZ,XodVm§À`m Zm_OnmMr `mo½` nÕV, AmaVr, jmÌJrVo AmXr {df`m§darb ÜdZr-MH$Ë`m§Mrhr (Am°{S>Amo grS>r){Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. 8 mfm§V àH$m{eV hmoUmao gZmVZ n§Mm§J, g§ñH$ma dhr, {MÌH$bm dhr, Y_©{ejUXoUmar nÌHo$, Y_©{ejUmMo Am{U amï´>-Y_© OmJ¥VrMo \$bH$ AmXtMm g_mdoe Amho.

5. _h{f© AÜ`mË_ {dœ {dÚmb`mMr ñWmnZm …- Jmodm oWo _h{f© AÜ`mË_ {dœm{dÚmb` hm Ý`mg ñWmnZPmbm AgyZ Ë`mÛmao ho {dœ{dÚmb` C^mabo OmB©b. 5 Am 1. AmÜ`mpË_H$ H$m ©emim : `m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ


{Okmgy§Zm gmYZm Mm§Jbr hmoÊ`mgmR>r ñd^mdXmof-{Z_y©bZ à{H«$`m, AmÜ`mpË_H$ Ìmgm§À`m {ZdmaUmW© H$amd`mMoCnm` AmXr {df`m§da _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo OmVo. 5 Am 2. emoY{Z~§Ym§Mo gmXarH$aU : d¡km{ZH$ n[afXm§_YyZ _h{f©AÜ`mË_ {dœ {dÚmb`mZo Ho$boë`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ g§emoYZmda AmYm[aV emoY{Z~§Ym§Mo gmXarH$aU Ho$bo OmVoo.

6. gyú_kmZmÀ`m g§X^m©Vrb H$m © …- namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo df© 1982 nmgyZ gyú_kmZmÀ`m (Q>rn)g§X^m©V AÜ``Z H$aV AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr ñdV… gyú_kmZ|{Ð o H$m ©aV Agboë`m gmYH$m§Zm gyú_mVrb kmZ J«hUH$aUo, gyú_-narjU H$aUo, gyú_-{MÌo aoImQ>Uo BË`mXr H¥$Vr {eH$dë`m. Ë`m_wio AmO gZmVZÀ`m AZoH$gmYH$m§Zm gyú_mVrb H$iVo.

7. dmB©Q> eº$s¨À`m Ìmgm§da Cnm` H$aÊ`mÀ`m Cnm`nÕVt{df`r g§emoYZ …- dmB©Q> eº$s¨À`m g§X^m©V g§emoYZd AmÜ`mpË_H$ H$maUm§_wio hmoUmè`m Ìmgm§da n¥Ïdrda CnbãY Zgbobo AmÜ`mpË_H$ Cnm` emoYbo AmhoV.

8. {d{dY Ìmgm§darb Cnm`nÕVt{df`r emoYH$m`© …- namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr {d{dY emar[aH$,_mZ{gH$ Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ Ìmgm§À`m {ZdmaUmgmR>r AZoH$ Zm{dÝ`nyU© AmÜ`mpË_H$ Cnm`m§Mm emoY bmdbm.

9. ñdV…Mm Xoh, VgoM dmnamVrb dñVy `m§À`m X¡dr nmbQ>m§{df`r g§emoYZH$m © …- `m g§emoYZmÛmao Ë`m§ZrAmÜ`mpË_H$Ñï²>`m CÞVm§À`m g§X^m©V hmoUmè`m X¡dr nmbQ>m§Mo emó CbJS>bo.

10. H$boMo gmpÎdH$ gmXarH$aU hmoÊ`mgmR>r g§emoYZ …- 10 A. {MÌH$bm Am{U _yVuH$bm : namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo`m§Zr gmYH$-H$bmH$mam§Zr ~Zdbobr XodVm§Mr {MÌo, {d{dY XodVm§Mr VÎdo AgUmè`mV am§Jmoù`m, VgoM lr JUoemMr_yVu `m§_Ü o Ë`m Ë`m XodVoMo VÎd, eº$s, ^md, M¡VÝ`, AmZ§X Am{U em§Vr A{YH$m{YH$ `mdo, `mgmR>r àË oH$Q>ßß`mbm _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. 10 Am. gmpÎdH$ Ajao Am{U A§H$, VgoM gmpÎdH$ _|Xr : namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr gmpÎdH$ Ajao AZ² A§H$ `m§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho, VgoM gmpÎdH$ _|XrÀ`mH$bmH¥$VtMrhr {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. 10 B. g§JrV : namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr {d{dY XodVm§À`mZm_Onm§Zm Ë`m Ë`m XodVoMo VÎd, VgoM ^md Am{U jmÌJrVm§Zm jmÌd¥Îmr OmJ¥V hmoB©b, Aem Mmbr {Xë`m.

11. d¡km{ZH$ CnH$aUm§Ûmao Mmby Agbobo g§emoYZH$m © : namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr qhXþAmMma, Amhma, doe yfm, Ho$e yfm, Ym{_©H$ H¥$Vr, `k, Zm_On, _wÐm, Ý`mg, lr §Ì AmXtMm ì`º$s, dñVy,dmñVy Am{U dmVmdaU `m§À`mda hmoUmè`m n[aUm_m§{df`r {d{dY d¡km{ZH$ CnH$aUm§Ûmao g§emoYZ Mmby Amho.

12. AmÜ`mpË_H$ g§J«hmb`mgmR>r AmÜ`mpË_H$ _yë` Agboë`m dñVy§Mo OVZH$m ©

13. X¡dr (gmpÎdH$) ~mbHo$ AmoiIUo Am{U VËg§~§Yr g§emoYZ …- gmpÎdH$ H¥$Vr, gmYZm, XodVm AmXrAmÜ`mpË_H$ AmdS>r Agboë`m ~mbH$m§§Mo X¡dr JwU nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.

14. Á`mo{Vfemó Am{U ZmS>rÁ`mo{Vf `m§À`mÛmao g§emoYZH$m`© …- 14 A. Á`mo{VfemómÛmao g§emoYZ :Xoe^a KS>Umè`m {d{dY AmÜ`mpË_H$ KQ>Zm§Mr Á`mo{Vfemór` H$maU_r_m§gm H$aUo AmXr àH$maMo g§emoYZH$m ©.

14 Am. ZmS>rÁ`mo{VfemómÛmao g§emoYZ : àmMrZ H$mir {d{dY F${f_wZtZr ZmS>rnQ²>Q>çm§_Ü o {bhÿZ R>odboë`m^{dî`mZwgma _mZdr OrdZmV KS>Umè`m KQ>Zm§Mm Aä`mg.

15. ñd^mfmajUmMo H$m © Am{U ^mfoÀ`m Abm¡{H$H$ n¡by§{df`r g§emoYZ …- namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zrñd^mfm{^_mZ Am{U ñd^mfmajU `m§Mo _hÎd gm§JUmar J«§W_m{bH$m g§H${bV Ho$br Amho.


16. gZmVZ à^mVÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ nÌH$m[aVoMo H$m © …- qhXþamï>mÀ`m ñWmnZogmR>r Ë`m§Zr gZmVZ à^mV {Z`VH$m{bHo$,_amR>r AZ² H$ÞS> gmám{hH$, qhXr AZ² B§J«Or nm{jH$ Am{U JwOamVr _m{gH$ àH$m{eV Ho$br OmVmV.

17. gm_m{OH$ Xþîàd¥ÎmtÀ`m {Z_y©bZmgmR>rMo H$m © :- namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr df©1999 _Ü o gZmVZ AÝ`m` {ZdmaU g{_Vr ñWmnZ Pmbr.

18. namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§À`m amï´>-Y_© H$m`m©Mr àoaUm KoD$Z Mmby Pmbobo H$m © …- 18 A. qhXþ amï´>-ñWmnZogmR>r qhXþ OZOmJ¥Vr g{_Vr : namËna Jwé S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§À`m qhXþ amï´>mÀ`m ñWmnZoÀ`m {dMmam§VyZàoaUm KoD$Z 7 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2002 `m {Xder qhXþ OZOmJ¥Vr g{_VrMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. 18 A. 14 amÁ`m§V500 hÿZ A{YH$ {dZm_yë` Y_©{ejUdJ©, Xÿa{MÌdm{hÝ`m§gmR>rMo Y_©gËg§J, ~mbg§ñH$madJ©, à~moYZnÌHo$AmXtÛmao qhXþ Y_m©Mm àgma ! Am. àdº$m H$m ©emim§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ à{e{jV Pmboë`m 40 hÿZ A{YH$dº²$`m§Zr Xÿa{MÌdm{hÝ`m§darb 100 hÿZ A{YH$ MMm©gÌm§_Ü o qhXþ Y_m©Mr ~mOy à^mdrnUo _m§S>br ! B. 13amÁ`m§V 1,250 hÿZ A{YH$ qhXþ Y_©OmJ¥Vr g^m§VyZ 16 bjm§hÿZ A{YH$ qhXÿ§_Ü o OmJ¥Vr Am{U 3 ghòm§hÿZA{YH$ Y_©ào_r qhXþ amï´>-ñWmnZogmR>r gH«$s` ! B©. 6 amï´>r` Am{U 75 àm§Vr` qhXÿ A{YdoeZm§Ûmao XoemVrb250 hÿZ A{YH$ qhXþ g§KQ>Zm§Mo qhXþ amï´>-ñWmnZogmR>r g§KQ>Z AZ² Ë`mÛmao 1 ghòmhÿZ A{YH$ amï´>r` qhXÿAm§XmobZo ! 18 Am. gmpÎdH$ Am{U Y_©{ejU XoUmao gmYH$-nwamo{hV {Z_m©U H$aUmar gZmVZ gmYH$-nwamo{hVnmR>emim (ñWmnZm : 30 E{àb 2008) 18 B. qhXþ g_mO, amï´> Am{U Y_© `m§À`m {hVmgmR>r bT>Umè`mamï´>>-Y_©ào_r A{Ydº²$`m§Mr g§KQ>Zm qhXþ {d{Yk n[afX (ñWmnZm : 14 OyZ 2012) 18 B©. AqhXÿ§Mo ñdoÀN>oZoqhXþH$aU d Y_mªV[aVm§Mo ñdoÀN>oZo ewÕrH$aU `m§gmR>r gZmVZ qhXþ Y_©Xrjm H|$Ð (ñWmnZm : 5 _mM© 2014)18 C. qhXþ g§KQ>Zm§Mo dºo$ AZ² àdºo$ `m§§À`mgmR>r gZmVZ AÜ``Z H|$Ð (ñWmnZm : 1 {S>g|~a 2015)

19. g§V, g§àXm`, qhXþËddmXr, Xoe^º$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$V} `m§Mo g§KQ>Z AZ² Ë`m§Zm {XemXe©ZH$aUmao H$m © …- A. 2011 _Ü o S>m°. AmR>dbo `m§Zr qhXþ amï´>-ñWmnZogmR>r ^maV^amVrb amï´>ào_r Am{UqhXþËddmXr g§KQ>Zm§Zm EH${ÌV H$aUmao ì`mgnrR> Agmdo, Agm {dMma _m§Sy>Z 2012 nmgyZ à{Vdfu Jmodm oWoApIb ^maVr` qhXÿ A{YdoeZ, Va AÝ`Ì amÁ`ñVar` AZ² {OëhmñVar` qhXÿ A{YdoeZo Am`mo{OV Ho$br.

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_opìhb S>oì o `mZo 5 OmZo 1897 bm A_o[aHo$V ñHy$b Am°\$ bm`~«[a`Z{en gwê$ Ho$bo. hm Xem§edJuH$aUmgmR>r AmoiIbm OmVmo. 1942 Z§Va bm`~«ar gm`Ýg hr g§km àM{bV Pmbr. Eg. Ama.a§JZmWZ øm§Zr n{hë`m {dûcofUmË_H$ dJuH$aU, nÕVrbm OÝ_ {Xbm. H$moboZ§ dJuH$aU lr. a§JZmWZ`m§Zr dJuH$aUmMm {ZamimM Ñ{ï>H$moZ Adb§~bm Vmo H$mhrgm VmpËdH$ d X¡Z§{XZ H$m_mer {ZJS>rV hmoVmåhUyZM a§JZmWZ øm§Zm J«§WmbèmñÌmMo ^maVmVrb àUoVo åhUVmV.

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_Ðmg {dÚmnrR>mVyZ 1932 gmbr nXdr{_imë`mda 1933 gmbr H$bH$Îmm òWo J«§VmbèmñÌmda Pmboë`m A{Ib maVr` g§_obZmV aKwZmWnmaItZr "B§{S>`Z bm`~«arO A°§S> hmC Qy> B§àyìhÿ Xo_''hm Aä`mgnyU© {Z~§Y dmMbm. gd©OU Iyn à^m{dVPmbo Ë`mZ§Va àË oH$ g§_obZmV lr. nmaIr `m§MoAä`mgnyU© {Z~§Y dmMZ PmboM nm{hOo Agm AmJ«hbmoH$ H$aV, WmoS>çmM H$mbmdYrV J«§Wmb` emñÌmMm"AmoZm_m' hm J«§W {bhÿZ J«§WmbèmñÌ EH$ nmCbnwT>o Zobo. m_wio nmaItÀ`m H$m`m©bm EH$ {Xem {_imbr.`m J«§WmMo gd© ñVamVyZ ñdmJV Pmbo. 1937 gmbrPmboë`m {Vgè`m A{Ib ^maVr` J«§WmbèmñÌg§_obZmV {MëS´>oZ {bQ>aoMa `m {df`m§da gyú_ d_m¡{bH$ {dMma _m§S>bo Ë`m§Mo Aä`mgnyU© {ddoMZ d{dûcofUmË_H$ ñd^md gImob qMVZ `m_wio 1940gmbr nwÊ`mVrb eoVH$s _hm{dÚmb`mMo nwZa©MZoMo_hÎdnyU© H$m © gmon{dÊ`mV Ambo. gZ 1940 `mA{Ib ^maVr` g§_obZmV B§{S>`Z bm`~«arO A°§S>EÁ wHo$eZ m {df`mdarb Ë`m§À`m {ddoMZmZo gd©OU

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_§Ì_w½Y Pmbo. `m{edm` 1942 À`m A. ^m. g§_obZmV [aS>g© nm°BªQ> Am°\$ ìøy d Xgam åhUOo B§S>m°bm°Or BZX S>o[g_b A±S> H$mobmoZ Šbm{g{\$Ho$eZ Ago XmoÝhr {Z~§YmMo dmMZ CnpñWVm§Zm IynM CX²~moYH$ R>abo.

J«§WmbèmñÌmda 1944 Vo 1954 n ªV Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ ì`m»`mZo {Xbr. Ë`mMr n[a{UVr J«§W boIZmVPmbr. 1945 gmbr S>o{g_b A±S> _obmoZ Šbm{g{\$Ho$eZ g§emoYZmbm J«§W à{gÕ Pmbm. ~S>moXm oWrbA. ^m. g§_obZmV ZmoQ> Am°Z {n[a`m°S>rH$b npãbHo$eÝg² d {S>ŠeZar ìhg}g Šbm{g\$mB©S> H°$Q>bm°J AgoXmoZ {Z~§YmVyZ Amnbo _m¡{bH$ {dMma _m§S>bo. àË oH$ g§_obZmV Ë`m§Mo {Z~§Y dmMZ An[ahm © Pmbo hmoVo.Ë`m§À`mH$S>o A. ^m. J«§Wmb` g§KmMo CnmÜ`jnXmMo Xm{`Ëd XoÊ`mV Ambo. 1949 gmbr ZmJnya d 1950gmbr Ë`m§Mm {àpÝgnëg Am°\$ bm`~«ar Šbm{g{\$Ho$eZ dwB©W ao\$aÝg Qy> H$mobmoZ A±S> S>o{g_bŠbm{g{\$Ho$eZ d OZab WoAar Am°\$ Šbm{g{\$Ho$eZ ho J«§W àH$m{eV Pmbo.

\$½ w©gZ _hm{dÚmb`mV\}$ Ë`m§Mm öÚ gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm. J«§Wmb` emñÌmÀ`m {dœmV Ë`m§À`mH$V¥©ËdmMr Zm|X KoVbr Jobr. 1951 Vo 1954 `m H$mbmdYrV _hmamï´> emgZmÀ`m _Ü`dVu J«§Wmb`mV{deof A{YH$mar åhUyZ Ywam gmon{dÊ`mV Ambr. am° b E{e`m{Q>H$ gmogm`Q>rMo J«§Wmb`m_Ü o Ë`m§ZmgÝ_mZmZo ~mobdÊ`mV Ambo. nwÊ`mVrb JmoIbo BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>À`m YZ§Oàmd JmS>Jri J«§Wmb` Aem _moR>çmJ«§Wmb`m§Zm Ë`m§Mm n[ag ñne© Pmbm. Ë`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r AZoH$ J«§Wmb`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zm gVV {Z_§ÌUooD$ bmJbr. 1957 gmbr Ë`m§Zr a§JZmWZ `m§À`m {Û q~Xÿ dJuH$aU nÕVr `m J«§WmMo _amR>r ^mfm§Va

àH$m{eV Ho$bo. nwUo {dÚmnrR>mV mM {df`mda AJ{UV ì`m»`mZo {Xbr. Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mm Jm¡ad åhUyZ nwUo{dÚmnrR>mV J«§WmbèmñÌ d{J©H$aU {df`mV n{hë`m oUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r nm[aVmo{fH$ Omhra Pmbo.1961 gmbr Ë`m§Mm ^ì` ZmJar gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm.

J«§Wmb`mÀ`m ghdmgmV amhUmao aKwZmW nmaIr J«§WmMo EH$ _m¡{bH$ nmZ Pmbo d {dH${gV hmoVm hmoVmAÜ`m` d J«§WM Pmbo. ñdV… S>m°. a§JZmWZ Ë`m§Mo dU©Z An Qw> X {_{ZQ> Ago H$am`Mo OUy Vr Ë`m§Zm{_imbobr Cnm{YM hmoVr. 1966 Vo 1968 Ë`m§Mr S>r. Q>r. Ama.gr. ~§Jbmoa oWo ì`m»`mZo Pmbo. gVVàÁd{bV AgUmam hm kmZ `k EHo$ {Xder 22 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1968 gmbr em§V Pmbm. kmZXrn {dPbmJ«§Wmb`mÀ`m {dœmV Amnbo EH$ gmoZoar nmZ OmoSy>Z. lr. ~m~yOr ZmQ>oH$a

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H$m`m©b` : 8/4, nwUm©ZJa, AmaQ>rAmo Am°\$sg _mJo, {MIbr amoS>, nwUm©

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