QH FKHI GHQWUHSULVH PDUWLQLTXDLV j /RV $QJHOHV...

7
$FWXDOLWp eFRQRPLH ,1,7,$7,9( -HDQ0DUF 'HGH\QH FKHI GHQWUHSULVH PDUWLQLTXDLV j /RV $QJHOHV 8QH SDVVHUHOOH SRXU OHV MHXQHV YHUV OHV eWDWV8QLV 3URSRV UHFXHLOOLV SDU 'DYLG 'LRPDQGp )UDQFH$QWLOOHV 0DUWLQLTXH ¬ VHXOHPHQW DQV -HDQ0DUF 'HGH\QH HVW GH FHV MHXQHV 0DUWLQLTXDLV DYLGHV GHVSDFH HW GH GpFRXYHUWHV )UDvFKHPHQW GLSO{Pp j /RV $QJHOHV LO FRQVWDWH TXLO QD SOXV HQYLH GH UHSDUWLU 8QH VROXWLRQ LPSDUDEOH OXL YLHQW DORUV j OHVSULW FUpHU VD SURSUH HQWUHSULVH 5HQFRQWUH $YHF (X]KDQ 3DOF\

Transcript of QH FKHI GHQWUHSULVH PDUWLQLTXDLV j /RV $QJHOHV...

$FWXDOLWp eFRQRPLH

,1,7,$7,9(

-HDQ�0DUF�'HGH\QH��FKHI�GHQWUHSULVHPDUWLQLTXDLV�j�/RV�$QJHOHV���8QH�SDVVHUHOOH�SRXUOHV�MHXQHV�YHUV�OHV�eWDWV�8QLV3URSRV�UHFXHLOOLV�SDU�'DYLG�'LRPDQGp� )UDQFH�$QWLOOHV�0DUWLQLTXH� ����������

¬�VHXOHPHQW����DQV��-HDQ�0DUF�'HGH\QH�HVW�GH�FHV�MHXQHV0DUWLQLTXDLV�DYLGHV�GHVSDFH�HW�GH�GpFRXYHUWHV��)UDvFKHPHQWGLSO{Pp�j�/RV�$QJHOHV��LO�FRQVWDWH�TXLO�QD�SOXV�HQYLH�GH�UHSDUWLU�8QH�VROXWLRQ�LPSDUDEOH�OXL�YLHQW�DORUV�j�OHVSULW���FUpHU�VD�SURSUHHQWUHSULVH��5HQFRQWUH�

$YHF�(X]KDQ�3DOF\�

4XDQG�HW�FRPPHQW�rWHV�YRXV�DUULYp�j�/RV�$QJHOHV�"

¬�OkJH�GH����DQV��XQH�GH�PHV�FRXVLQHV�HVW�UHYHQXH�G$WODQWD��$SUqV�DYRLU�SDUWDJp�VHV�H[SpULHQFHV�

HOOH�PD�RIIHUW�XQH�EURFKXUH�GXQH�XQLYHUVLWp�$PpULFDLQH��dD�PD�GRQQp�HQYLH�GH�SDUWLU�DX[�eWDWV�

8QLV��-DL�FKHUFKp�j�\�DOOHU�SRXU�\�SRXUVXLYUH�PHV�pWXGHV��PDLV�OHV�FR�WV�pWDLHQW�UpGKLELWRLUHV�

'XUDQW�OHV�DQQpHV�TXL�RQW�VXLYL��MH�PH�VXLV�GH�SOXV�HQ�SOXV�LQWpUHVVp�j�OD�FXOWXUH�DPpULFDLQH��HW�SOXV

SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW�j�OpTXLWDWLRQ�DPpULFDLQH��OD�PXVLTXH�KLS�KRS��OD�ODQJXH�DQJODLVH�HW�OHV�$PpULFDLQV

H[SDWULpV�j�3DULV��(Q�������MDL�TXLWWp�PRQ�HPSORL�FKH]�+3�)UDQFH�SRXU�PLQVWDOOHU�j�/RV�$QJHOHV�HQ

WDQW�TXpWXGLDQW�pWUDQJHU�

4XHVW�FH�TXL�YRXV�D�GRQQp�HQYLH�GH�IRQGHU�YRWUH�SURSUH

HQWUHSULVH�"

$XVVLW{W�DUULYp�DX[�eWDWV�8QLV��MDL�UHVVHQWL�GLYHUV�VHQWLPHQWV�WHOV�TXH�OH[FLWDWLRQ��OD�VXUSULVH��OH

ERQKHXU��OD�UHFKHUFKH�GLGHQWLWp��ODQ[LpWp�HW�OD�FRQIXVLRQ�WRXW�HQ�IDLVDQW�IDFH�j�GHV�GpILV

OLQJXLVWLTXHV�HW�GLQWpJUDWLRQ��+HXUHXVHPHQW��GHV�JHQV�IRUPLGDEOHV�j�OD�IRLV�GH�PRQ�XQLYHUVLWp�

8&/$��HW�GH�OH[WpULHXU��PRQW�HQVHLJQp�OHV�FRPSpWHQFHV�GRQW�MDYDLV�EHVRLQ��PRQW�RULHQWp�HW�DLGp�j

PDGDSWHU�j�OD�FXOWXUH�DPpULFDLQH�HW���OH�SOXV�LPSRUWDQW���PRQW�LQVSLUp��'DXWUHV�PRQW�pJDOHPHQW

SHUPLV�GDFTXpULU�GHV�FRQQDLVVDQFHV�HW�GHV�PpWKRGHV�DILQ�GH�PLHX[�FRPSUHQGUH�OD�JHVWLRQ�GHV

HQWUHSULVHV�DX[�eWDWV�8QLV��-DL�UpDOLVp�TXH�OD�PDMRULWp�GHV�pWXGLDQWV�LQWHUQDWLRQDX[�HW�H[SDWULpV�IRQW

IDFH�DX[�PrPHV�GLIILFXOWpV�HW�FKDOOHQJHV��&HSHQGDQW�WRXV�QRQW�SDV�OD�FKDQFH�GH�UHFHYRLU�FHWWH

DWWHQWLRQ�HW�FHWWH�FRQVLGpUDWLRQ��(Q�HIIHW��ORSSRUWXQLWp�GDYRLU�XQ�SqUH�VSLULWXHO�RX�FRDFK��YRXV

DLGDQW�j�DPpOLRUHU�YRV�H[SpULHQFHV�RX�HQFRUH�YRXV�SHUPHWWDQW�GREWHQLU�OHV�UHVVRXUFHV�QpFHVVDLUHV�j

OD�UpDOLVDWLRQ�GH�YRV�SURMHWV��QHVW�SDV�GRQQpH�j�WRXW�OH�PRQGH��3RXU�FHV�SHUVRQQHV��MDL�HX�OLGpH�GH

FUpHU�©�8�LQ�WKH�86$�ª���1RXV�DLGRQV�OHV�pWXGLDQWV�pWUDQJHUV�HW�MHXQHV�SURIHVVLRQQHOV�j�GpFRXYULU�

SRXUVXLYUH�HW�UpDOLVHU�OHXUV�SURMHWV�

2Q�GLW�VRXYHQW�TXH�OHV�eWDWV�8QLV�VRQW�©�GLIILFLOHV�ª�SRXU

XQ�LPPLJUDQW��YRXV�FRQILUPH]�"

-H�FRQILUPH�TXH�OH�SURFHVVXV�GLQWpJUDWLRQ�HW�OD�FRPSUpKHQVLRQ�GH�OD�FXOWXUH�$PpULFDLQH�QH�VRQW�SDV

VLPSOHV�HW�SUHQQHQW�GX�WHPSV��¬�PRQ�DUULYpH�j�/RV�$QJHOHV��MDL�pWp�VXUSULV�SDU���OLPPHQVLWp�GH�OD

YLOOH�HW�VHV�QRPEUHX[�TXDUWLHUV��OHV�VpSDUDWLRQV�HQWUH�FHUWDLQHV�FRPPXQDXWpV��OHV�OLPLWDWLRQV�GX

UpVHDX�GH�WUDQVSRUW�SXEOLF��OD�YDQLWp�GH�FHUWDLQHV�SHUVRQQHV��OHV�pFDUWV�HQWUH�OHV�FODVVHV�VRFLDOHV��OH

QRPEUH�LPSRUWDQW�GH�VDQV�DEUL��RX�HQFRUH�OD�ULFKHVVH�HW�GLYHUVLWp�FXOWXUHOOH�DXWRXU�GHV�TXDUWLHUV

XQLYHUVLWDLUHV��/H�SOXV�JUDQG�GpIL�D�pWp�GH�WRXW�UHFRPPHQFHU��JDUGHU�HW�GpYHORSSHU�PD�FRQILDQFH�HQ

PRL��UHVWHU�HQ�SKDVH�DYHF�PHV�REMHFWLIV��GpYHORSSHU�XQ�UpVHDX�GH�FRQWDFWV�ILDEOHV�HW�GpSDVVHU�PHV

LQTXLpWXGHV�IDFH�j�OLQFRQQX��-DL�UpDOLVp�TXH�SHUVRQQH�QH�VLQWpUHVVDLW�j�PRQ�SDUFRXUV�SDVVp��PHV

GLSO{PHV�HW�H[SpULHQFHV�MXVTXDX�PRPHQW�R��MpWDLV�FDSDEOH�GDSSRUWHU�XQH�UpHOOH�YDOHXU�DMRXWpH

DX[�86$�

4XHOV�FRQVHLOV�GRQQHULH]�YRXV�j�XQ�MHXQH�YRXODQW�WHQWHU

ODYHQWXUH�"

'DQV�OD�SpULRGH�DFWXHOOH��VL�YRXV�YRXOH]�GpPDUUHU�XQH�HQWUHSULVH��YLYUH��pWXGLHU�HW�RX�WUDYDLOOHU�DX[

eWDWV�8QLV��MH�YRXV�VXJJqUH�GH���YLVLWHU�OH�SD\V�HQ�WDQW�TXH�WRXULVWH�RX�pWXGLDQW�DYDQW�GH�FKHUFKHU�j

YRXV�LQVWDOOHU�GpILQLWLYHPHQW���'pYHORSSHU�YRWUH�LPDJH�GH�PDUTXH��YRWUH�UpSXWDWLRQ��YRWUH�LGHQWLWp�HW

SUpVHQFH�HQ�OLJQH��©�3HUVRQDO�%UDQGLQJ�ª�����FKRLVLU�XQH�QLFKH�HW�VSpFLDOLWp�HW�EkWLU�XQ�VROLGH�UpVHDX

GH�FRQWDFWV���3UHQGUH�OH�WHPSV�GDQDO\VHU�HW�pWXGLHU�YRWUH�PDUFKp���'pYHORSSHU�XQ�SURMHW�j�IRUWH

YDOHXU�DMRXWpH�FRPPHUFLDOH�DYDQW�GH�UHJDUGHU�OD�TXHVWLRQ�YLVD��RX�OD�PHLOOHXUH�SRUWH�YHUV�OD�FDUWH

YHUWH���8Q�FRQFHSW�TXL�IRQFWLRQQH�HQ�)UDQFH�QH�VHUD�SDV�IRUFpPHQW�XQ�VXFFqV�DX[�86$��/D�VpFXULWp

GH�OHPSORL�QH[LVWH�SDV��$X[�86$��RQ�FRQVWUXLW�VRQ�DYHQLU��VD�UHWUDLWH��VRQ�DVVXUDQFH�PpGLFDOH�HW�VHV

RSSRUWXQLWpV�

9RV�SDUHQWV�YRXV�RQW�LOV�WRXMRXUV�VRXWHQX�"0HV�SDUHQWV�PRQW�WRXMRXUV�VRXWHQX�HW�RQW�FUX�HQ�PRL��dD�QD�SDV�pWp�IDFLOH�SRXU�PD�PDPDQ�GH�PH

YRLU�SDUWLU�DXVVL�ORLQ��UHGpPDUUHU�j�]pUR�RX�GH�PH�YRLU�IU{OHU�OD�PRUW�TXDQG�MDL�pWp�SHUFXWp�SDU�XQ

FKDXIIDUG��(OOH�PD�SODFp�GDQV�OHV�PDLQV�GH�'LHX��HW�PD�HQFRXUDJp�j�JDUGHU�OD�IRL�HW�FRQILDQFH�HQ

PRL��0HV�SDUHQWV�PRQW�DXVVL�LQVSLUp�VXU�OHV�TXHVWLRQV�GpWKLTXH��ODPRXU�GX�WUDYDLO��OKRVSLWDOLWp�HW�OH

UHVSHFW�GHV�DXWUHV��-H�GRLV�WRXW�j�'LHX��PHV�SDUHQWV�HW�PHV�SURFKHV�

4XHO�UHJDUG�OH�MHXQH�FKHI�GHQWUHSULVH�TXH�YRXV�rWHV�SRUWHVXU�OD�GRXEOH�SUpVLGHQWLHOOH�IUDQoDLVH�HW�DPpULFDLQH�"/HV�SURFKDLQHV�pOHFWLRQV�VRQW�WUqV�LPSRUWDQWHV�SRXU�OH�GpYHORSSHPHQW�GH�QRV�pFRQRPLHV�HW�OHV

pFKDQJHV�DYHF�OH�UHVWH�GX�PRQGH��&HSHQGDQW��MH�FURLV�IHUPHPHQW�TXH�QRV�SURMHWV�HW�UrYHV

LQGLYLGXHOV�QH�YRQW�SDV�VH�FULVWDOOLVHU�SDU�OH�VHXO�IDLW�GDYRLU�pOX�GHV�SHUVRQQHV��-HDQ�/RXLV�(WLHQQH�D

GLW�GDQV�VRQ�OLYUH��/H�S{OH�LQWpULHXU��0HQHU�VD�YLH�FRPPH�XQH�DYHQWXUH��©�LO�QH�VHUW�j�ULHQ�GH�UrYHU�OD

YLH�GHV�DXWUHV��LO�YDXW�ELHQ�PLHX[�VDWWHOHU�j�IDLUH�TXH�OD�VLHQQH�UHMRLJQH�VRQ�SURSUH�©�UrYH�ª���VHXOH

RHXYUH�YUDLPHQW�FRQVWUXFWLYH��LQWpJUDQW�VHV�IRUFHV��VHV�SRWHQWLHOV�HW�DXVVL�VHV�GRXWHV�ª���&HWWH

SKUDVH�PH�PRWLYH�HW�PDFFRPSDJQH�GHSXLV�TXH�MH�VXLV�SDUWL�DX[�86$�

5HJUHWWH]�YRXV�SDUIRLV�YRWUH�YLH�SDULVLHQQH�"-DL�SDVVp����DQQpHV�HQ�)UDQFH�PpWURSROLWDLQH��&HOOHV�FL�RQW�pWp�ULFKHV�HQ�pSUHXYHV��PDLV�DXVVL�HQ

EHOOHV�RSSRUWXQLWpV��UpDOLVDWLRQV�HW�H[SpULHQFHV��-H�QH�UHJUHWWH�SDV�PD�YLH�SDULVLHQQH��-H�GLUDLV�SOXW{W

TXH�MDLPHUDLV�EHDXFRXS�UHYRLU�OHV�JHQV�TXL�RQW�WRXMRXUV�FUX�HQ�PRL�HW�FHUWDLQV�OLHX[�

/H�FKRL[�GH�6DQWD�0RQLFD�SOXW{W�TXH�'RZQWRZQ�SRXU�OHVEXUHDX[�HVW�LO�XQ�FKRL[�RX�XQ�FRQFRXUV�GH�FLUFRQVWDQFHV�"$X�GpSDUW��MDYDLV�XQ�EXUHDX�j�SUR[LPLWp�GH�OXQLYHUVLWp�8&/$��&HOD�FRQYHQDLW�DX[�pWXGLDQWV�GH�FHWWH

XQLYHUVLWp��(Q�UHYDQFKH��DYHF�OHV�GLVWDQFHV�HW�OHV�HPERXWHLOODJHV��FH�QpWDLW�SDV�OH�PHLOOHXU�FKRL[

SRXU�OHV�pWXGLDQWV�GDXWUHV�pFROHV��'HSXLV�������MH�JqUH�PHV�DFWLYLWpV�j�GRPLFLOH��PRQ�DGUHVVH

SRVWDOH�j�6DQWD�0RQLFD��MH�WUDYDLOOH�HQ�YLGpR�FRQIpUHQFH�DYHF�PRQ�pTXLSH�HW�QRXV�QRXV�GpSODoRQV

VXU�OHV�FDPSXV�HW�OHV�HQGURLWV�R��OHV�HQWUHSULVHV�VH�UHQFRQWUHQW�

(W�OD�0DUWLQLTXH�GDQV�WRXW�oD��GHV�UHWRXUV�UpJXOLHUV�"-HVVD\H�GH�UHWRXUQHU�HQ�0DUWLQLTXH�XQH�IRLV�SDU�DQ�SRXU�YRLU�PD�IDPLOOH��PHV�DPL�H�V�HW�PH

UHVVRXUFHU��&RPPH�GLUDLW�PD�PDPDQ��©�2Q�HVW�MDPDLV�PLHX[�TXH�FKH]�VRL�ª��

��&RQWDFW���ZZZ�XLQWKHXVD�FRP�%ORJ�HQ�)UDQoDLV�HW�$QJODLV���ZZZ�MPGHGH\QH�FRP

$YHF�VHV�DPLV�GH�WRXWHV�OHV�FRPPXQDXWpV�HW�QDWLRQDOLWpV�j�/RV�$QJHOHV�

��%,2�(;35(66���-HXQH�FKHI�GHQWUHSULVH

-HDQ�0DUF�DYHF�6LPRQ�6LQHN�

1p�HQ�������OH�0DUWLQLTXDLV�-HDQ�0DUF�'HGH\QH�D�HPEUDVVp�WUqV�W{W�OH�UrYH�GH�SDUWLU�DX[�eWDWV�

8QLV��3RXUWDQW�FHVW�GDQV�O+H[DJRQH�TXLO�LUD�IDLUH�GHV�pWXGHV�GH�FRPPHUFH�HW�LQIRUPDWLTXH�GqV

������3DU� OD�VXLWH�� LO� WUDYDLOOHUD�j�3DULV�SRXU�GHV�VRFLpWpV�DPpULFDLQHV�HW�GpFRXYULUD�1HZ�<RUN�

3RUWR�5LFR��0LDPL��/RV�$QJHOHV��6DQ�)UDQFLVFR�HW�/DV�9HJDV��,O�VLQVWDOOH�GDQV�OD�&LWp�GHV�$QJHV�

HQ�&DOLIRUQLH��LO�UHWRXUQH�VXU�OHV�EDQFV�GH�OD�IDF�HW�UHFRPPHQFH�WRXW�GX�GpEXW��,O�HVW�DXMRXUGKXL

GLUHFWHXU�GXQH�HQWUHSULVH�TXL�DLGH�OHV�pWXGLDQWV�pWUDQJHUV�j�GpPDUUHU�OHXU�FDUULqUH�DX[�86$�

$UWLFOH�SUpFpGHQW/HV�SHUVRQQHOV�GpGXFDWLRQ�QH����