The Leviathan Energy Group Clean Power from Waves, Wind, and Hydro

PIONEER VALLEY RENEWABLES, LLC

UNDERWATER TURBINES

THE PRODUCT

Pioneer Valley Renewables’ (PVR) underwater turbine produces 50 – 300% more electricity, depending on the size, than turbines of similar blade size.

Validity of technology confirmed by theUS Navy and Holyoke Gas & Electric (MA).

The most fish friendly underwater turbine, as it allows the attachment of a protective mesh cone. Pioneer Valley Renewables

Turbine

3 HYDROKINETIC TURBINE MARKETS

1. Tidal.2. Run of river. 3. Miniature hydro.

• For Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and other control mechanisms, for example.

In all cases, by lowering the water speed at which we can produce usable energy, we will redraw the world

map of where underwater power is available.

TWO COMPLEMENTARY PATENTS:

INNOVATION 1: Foil Shapes: Flow Deflection Devices and Methods for Energy Capture Machines. March 18, 2007, PCT IL2007/000348. Fundamental and original patent. Granted in US.

• National phase in many other areas.

INNOVATION 2: BLADES: Shrouded Turbine Blade Design. February 12, 2009, IB2009/050579. Under exam in US.

• National phase in many other areas.

The combination of two innovative designs working cooperatively is powerful. The advantages are much more power per system size

and the ability to generate electricity at lower flow rates.

FOILS AND BLADES

THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE TECHNOLOGY

Disruptive innovation – based on making huge increases in cost effectiveness by structuring the flow into the turbines based on an understanding of the basic physics.

• PVR uses the science of Computational Fluid Dynamics to design the components.

Since power output is related to the velocity cubed, our technique of making the velocity higher at the point that it hits the blades puts this proprietary technology way ahead of any competition.

In a flow of water: Power in watts = ½ x density x area x velocity cubed. • After that, one adjusts to maximize efficiencies.

FOIL SHAPE COMPUTER MODELS

Note the large red area at 172 in foil test simulation.

The lower picture shows the lower power output when the leading edge (171) is too small.

Red is higher velocity.

Partial Foil Outline Flow Pictures

COMPUTER MODELING: 10 METER BLADES

The outside velocity of the water is 1.0 m/s. The water inside the foils is accelerated to at least 1.3 m/s.

(The scale goes from low to high velocity.)

THREE BLADE SIZESComputer modeling was performed for three blade diameters (Db) with PVR’s patented shroud.

When the blades are at exactly the right position, the percentage power increase (% APG) is enormous.

THE BLADESThe blades have a

unique shape that does not taper towards the end, for example.

This matches the flow profile shown for the shroud effect.

IMPACT ON CUT-IN SPEED

The speed at which the turbine starts to turn is lowered substantially by presenting effectively faster water to the turbine.

This was validated during testing, where it was apparent that the PVR test turbine was producing power at lower speeds than the control turbine.

POWER PRODUCTION COMPARISON

The estimated power output in kilowatts, as a function of the turbine diameter (Db) and the current velocity (U) with and without PVR’s technology.

The rotor efficiency is assumed to be 35%; the gain was assumed to be independent of the current velocity; and the cut in velocity is assumed to be below 0.5 m/s.

Db = 10m Db = 5m Db = 1m

U (m/s) Competitor PVR Competitor PVR Competitor PVR

0.5 1.7 3.6 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.1

1.0 14 29 3.4 10 0.1 0.4

1.5 46 98 12 34 0.5 1.5

2.0 110 232 27 81 1.1 3.5

2.5 215 452 54 158 2.1 6.8

3.0 371 781 93 273 3.7 12

3.5 589 1241 147 433 5.9 19

4.0 880 1852 220 647 8.8 28

VALIDATION IN FACTIn Nov. 2014, PVR tested its prototype turbine and a control turbine in the canals of the Connecticut River in Holyoke, MA, under the supervision of Holyoke Gas and Electric. Here are the results:

Summary

LoadWatts Produced

% IncreaseControl PVR Prototype

P1 10.45 38.94 373

P2 9.19 31.73 345

P3 9.45 22.75 241

P4 9 30.45 338

A PHOTO OF THE TESTING IN HOLYOKE

EXAMPLE OF ROI IN A CANAL

Blade Size 2.5 meters

Diameter with Shroud 3 meters

Flow Speed 1.5 – 2.0 m/s

Hourly Output 10 kW

Yearly Output 87,600 kW

Price per kW/h $0.12

Annual Income (less $1000 maintenance) $9,512

Cost of Turbine + Installation $40,000

ROI 25%

COMPARISON WITH FUNNELS

People often ask, “Isn’t this just a funnel?” • The answer is “No.”

A funnel or concentrator does not work as well, because it does not concentrate energy to the desired point – the plane of the blades.

This picture shows how making the shape more funnel-like does NOT work.

COMPARISON WITH LARGER BLADES

Another frequent question, “Since the foils add to the diameter, would it be just as effective to enlarge the blade diameter?”

• Again, the answer is “No.”

Calculated Results for a 10 Meter Blade in 1 m/s water flow

Competition 14 kWCompetition Enlarging Blades 18 kW

Pioneer Valley 29 kW

COMPARISON WITH DAMS

Positive Element for Dams: They operate with all available water with high efficiency turbines

Positive Element for Run of River: They don’t lose energy by stopping the water. More ecologically friendly.

• However, they do require more units to extract the energy. Less disruptive and less costly infrastructure with no flooded areas. Return on investment may be better.

TEAM BIOS 1 Dr. Daniel Farb, CEO – Founder and patent owner with 30 patents in

renewable energy, plus various awards for his technologies. Jonathan Edwards, COO – Clean tech and political leader based in

Western Massachusetts with an expertise in organizational management, strategic design, government relations, and communications.

Kevin E McCormack, CFO – Background in renewable energy management. Career banker & finance professional with a expertise in business, HR and marketing.

Prof. Moshe Rosenfeld, Director Computer Modeling – Department of Fluid Mechanics – Tel-Aviv University. Author of hundreds of articles. Consultant to NASA. Guest professor at Caltech.

TEAM BIOS 2

Joe Giffune, Director of Manufacturing – Precision manufacturing and engineering professional in Western Mass. who also has degrees in Mechanical Engineering and an MBA.

Ya Wang, Energy Engineer – Professor at Stony Brook University, PhD. from Virginia Tech.

Ed Day, Grant Writer – Experienced project manager, also an engineer.

PIONEER VALLEY RENEWABLESTechnology developed in the U.S. and Israel. The company relocated to the

beautiful Connecticut River Valley in Western Massachusetts, with numerous universities in the Innovation Corridor and high-tech manufacturing facilities.

A technology pioneer for the Pioneer Valley in the Leviathan Energy group.

Amherst, MAwww.pioneervalleyrenewables.com