PV Lead Acid Battery System Simulation
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Transcript of PV Lead Acid Battery System Simulation
PV Lead-Acid Battery System
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 1
Design Kit
Contents
Slide #
1. Lead-Acid Battery
1.1 Lead-Acid Battery Specification...........................................................................
1.2 Discharge Time Characteristics...........................................................................
1.3 Charge Time Characteristics................................................................................
2. Solar Cells
2.1 Solar Cells Specification......................................................................................
2.2 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation.............................................
3. Solar Cell Battery Charger.........................................................................................
3.1 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit..............................
3.2 PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit..................................................................
3.3 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition.........................................
3.4 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit + Constant
Current.................................................................................................................
3.5 Constant Current PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit......................................
3.6 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition + Constant Current..........
4. Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery System in 24hr.
4.1 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery System in 24hr..............................
4.2 Short-Circuit Current vs. Time (24hr.)..................................................................
4.3 PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit..................................................................
4.4 PV-Battery System Simulation Result..................................................................
Simulations index............................................................................................................
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18-23
24
2All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010
GS YUASA’s Lead-Acid : MSE-100-6
• Nominal Voltage................ 6.0 [Vdc]
• Capacity............................ 100[Ah]@C10, 65[Ah]@C1
• Rated Charge.................... 0.1C10A
• Input Voltage...................... 6.69 [Vdc]
• Charging time..................... 24 [hours] @0.1C10A
1.1 Lead-Acid battery Specification
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Time
10ms 100ms 1.0s 10s 100s
V(HI)
4.2V
4.8V
5.4V
6.0V
6.6V
0.6C (60A)
0
R3
1G
0
C1
10n
0 0
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m,0,Idch)GVALUE
Hi
PARAMETERS:Idch = {Rate*CxAh}CxAh = 100Rate = 0.1
U1
MSE-100-6
NS = 1TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 1
PLUS
MINUS
1.2 Discharge Time Characteristics
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 4
Battery Model Parameters
NS (number of batteries in unit) = 1 cell
C (capacity) = 100[Ah]@C10
SOC1 (initial state of charge) = “1” (100%)
TSCALE (time scale) , simulation : real time
1 : 3600s or
1s : 1h
Discharge Rate : 0.1C(10A), 0.25C(25A) , 0.6C(60A), and 1C(100A)
TSCALE=3600
means time Scale
(Simulation time :
Real time) is 1:3600
0.1C (10A)
0.25C (25A)
1C (100A)
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(X_U1.1)*100 2 V(HI) 3 I(G1)/100
0V
20V
40V
60V
80V
100V
120V
140V1
5.7V
6.0V
6.3V
6.6V
6.9V
7.2V
7.5V
7.8V2
0A
30mA
60mA
90mA
120mA
150mA
180mA
210mA3
>>
1.3 Charge Time Characteristics
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 5
SOC [%]
Battery Model Parameters
NS (number of batteries in series) = 1 cell
C (capacity) = 100[Ah]@C10
SOC1 (initial state of charge) = “1” (100%)
TSCALE (time scale) , simulation : real time
1 : 3600s or
1s : 1h
Charging Time
Input Voltage = 6.69 Vdc
Input Current = 10 A @0.1C10
V2
6.69
PARAMETERS:
Ich = {0.1*CxAh}CxAh = 100
Hi
00
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m,0,Ich)
GVALUE
0
R3
1G
0
C110n
U1
MSE-100-6
NS = 1TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 0
PLUS
MINUS
C10AVbatt [V]
BP Solar’s photovoltaic module : BP365TS
• Maximum power (Pmax)..............65[W]
• Voltage at Pmax (Vmp)...............8.7[V]
• Current at Pmax (Imp)................7.5[A]
• Short-circuit current (Isc)............8.1[A]
• Open-circuit voltage(Voc)...........11.0[V]
2.1 Solar Cells Specification
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456mm
1513m
m
V_V1
0V 2V 4V 6V 8V 10V 12V 14V
I(sense)* V(sense:+)
0W
20W
40W
60W
80W
100W
SEL>>
I(sense)
0A
2A
4A
6A
8A
10A
2.2 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 7
Parameter, SOL is added as
normalized incident radiation,
where SOL=1 for AM1.5
conditions
SOL=1
SOL=0.5
SOL=0.16
SOL=1
SOL=0.5
SOL=0.16
Curr
ent
(A)
Pow
er
(W)
Voltage (V)
BP365TS Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation
+
BP365TS
U2BP365TSSOL = 1
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(X_U1.1)*100 2 V(HI) 3 I(G1)/100
0V
20V
40V
60V
80V
100V
120V
140V1
5.7V
6.0V
6.3V
6.6V
6.9V
7.2V
7.5V
7.8V2
0A
60mA
90mA
120mA
150mA
180mA
210mA3
>>
3. Solar Cell Battery Charger
• Solar Cell charges the Lead-Acid Battery (MSE-100-6) with direct connect technique.
Choose the solar cell that is able to provide current at charging rate or more with the
maximum power voltage (Vmp) nears the battery charging voltage.
• MSE-100-6
– Charging time is approximately 24 hours with charging rate 0.1C or 10A
– Voltage during charging with 0.1C is between 5.93 to 6.69 V
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 8
5.93 V
6.69 V
0.1C or 10A
3.1 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery
Charger Circuit
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 9
Lead-Acid
Battery
Photovoltaic
Module
MSE-100-6 (GS YUASA)
DC6.0V
100[Ah]@C10, 65[Ah]@C1
Short circuit current ISC
depends on condition: SOL
Over Voltage
Protection Circuit
7.29V Clamp Circuit
BP 365TS (BP Solar)*3panels
Vmp(system)=Vmp(panel)=8.7V
Imp=22.5A (7.5A3)
Pmax=195W (65W 3)
Input voltage + VF(D1)
6.69V+0.6V=7.29V
3.2 PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit
• Input value between 0-1 in the “PARAMETERS: sol = ” to set the normalized incident
radiation, where SOL=1 for AM1.5 conditions.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 10
Hi
0
0
C1
1n
pv
pv
pv
+
BP365TS
U4BP365TSSOL = {sol}
PARAMETERS:
sol = 1
0
pv
0
+
BP365TS
U2BP365TSSOL = {sol}
pv U1MSE-100-6
TSCALE = 3600SOC1 = 0
PLU
S
MIN
US
+
BP365TS
U3BP365TSSOL = {sol}
0
DMOD
D1
Voch7.29Vdc
0
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
V(X_U1.1)*100
0V
20V
40V
60V
80V
100V
3.3 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition
• Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and 0.16.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 11
sol = 1.00
sol = 0.50
sol = 0.16
3.4 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit
+ Constant Current
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 12
Lead-Acid
Battery
Photovoltaic
Module
Over Voltage
Protection Circuit
7.29V Clamp Circuit
MSE-100-6 (GS YUASA)
DC6.0V
100[Ah]@C10, 65[Ah]@C1
Constant
Current
Control
Circuit
Icharge=0.1C (10A)
Short circuit current ISC
depends on condition: SOL
BP 365TS (BP Solar)*3panels
Vmp(system)=Vmp(panel)=8.7V
Imp=22.5A (7.5A3)
Pmax=195W (65W 3)
Input voltage + VF(D1)
6.69V+0.6V=7.29V
3.5 Constant Current PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit
• Input the battery capacity (Ah) and charging current rate (e.g. 0.1*CxAh) in the
• “PARAMETERS: CxAh = 100 and rate = 0.1 ” to set the charging current.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 13
Vmp(system)=Vmp(panel)=8.7V
Imp=22.5A
Pmax=195W
pv
DMODD1
Voch7.29Vdc
0
0
Hi
0
C1
1n
pv
pv
+
BP365TS
U4BP365TSSOL = {sol}
0
PARAMETERS:
sol = 1
0
pv
+
BP365TS
U2BP365TSSOL = {sol}
pv
+
BP365TS
U3BP365TSSOL = {sol}
0
PARAMETERS:
Ich = {0.1*CxAh}CxAh = 100
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1GVALUE
U1MSE-100-6
TSCALE = 3600SOC1 = 0
PLU
S
MIN
US
Time
0s 2s 4s 6s 8s 10s 12s 14s 16s 18s 20s 22s 24s
V(X_U1.1)*100
0V
20V
40V
60V
80V
100V
3.6 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition
(Constant Current)
• Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and 0.16. If PV can
generate current more than the constant charge rate (0.1), battery can be fully
charged in about 9.364 hour.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 14
sol = 1.00
sol = 0.50
sol = 0.16
4.1 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery System in 24hr.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 15
Lead-Acid
Battery
Photovoltaic
Module
Over Voltage
Protection Circuit
7.29V Clamp Circuit
MSE-100-6 (GS YUASA)
DC6.0V
100[Ah]@C10, 65[Ah]@C1
DC/DC
Converter
Vopen= (V)
Vclose= (V)
The model contains 24hr.
solar power data (example).
DC Load
VIN=4.5~9.0V
VOUT=3.3V
VLOAD = 3.3V
ILOAD 18A
Low-Voltage
Shutdown
Circuit
BP 365TS (BP Solar)*3panels
Vmp(system)=Vmp(panel)=8.7V
Imp=22.5A (7.5A3)
Pmax=195W (65W 3)
Input voltage + VF(D1)
6.69V+0.6V=7.29V
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
I(sense)
0A
5A
10A
15A
20A
25A
4.2 Short-Circuit Current vs. Time (24hr.)
• Short-circuit current vs. time characteristics of photovoltaic module BP365TS for
24hours as the solar power profile (example) is included to the model.
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The model contains
24hr. solar power data
(example).
BP365TS_24H_TS3600
pv
pv
+
BP365TS
U4
00
pv
+
BP365TS
U2
pv
+
BP365TS
U3
0
4.3 PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 17
Solar cell model
with 24hr. solar
power data.
Lopen value is load
shutdown voltage.
Lclose value is load
reconnect voltage
SOC1 value is initial
State Of Charge of
the battery, is set as
70% of full voltage.
60W Load
(3.3Vx18.181A).
Simulation at 100W load, change I1 from 18.181A to 30.303A
Conoff1
C1
0.1n
0
Ronoff1
dchth
DC/DC Converter
Low-Voltage Shutdown Circuit
DMOD
D1
Voch7.29Vdc
0
0
0
batt
pv
batt1+
-
+
-
S2S
VON = 0.7
ROFF = 10MEGRON = 10m
0
0
Iomax
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
ecal_IomaxEVALUE 0
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E2EVALUE
0
PARAMETERS:Lopen = 5.55
Lclose = 6.35
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E1EVALUE
Conoff1nIC = 5
Ronoff
PARAMETERS:
n = 1
Lctrl
+ U2BP365TS_24H_TS3600
I1
18.181A
0
OUT
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E3
EVALUE
out_dc
DMOD
D2
U1MSE-100-6
TSCALE = 3600SOC1 = 0.7
PL
US
MIN
US
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
GVALUE
IN
60W
0
+ U3
0
+ U4
Time
4.0s 8.0s 12.0s 16.0s 20.0s 24.0s0.1s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V1
0A
20A
30A2
>>
V(X_U1.1)*100
0V
50V
100V
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
6.0V
7.0V1
-15A
5A
15A2
SEL>>SEL>>
I(pv)
0A
10A
20A
4.3.1 Simulation Result (SOC1=100, IL=18.18A or 60W load)
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 18
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
SOC1=100%
PV module charge the battery
Charging
time
Time
4.0s 8.0s 12.0s 16.0s 20.0s 24.0s0.1s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V1
0A
20A
30A2
>>
V(X_U1.1)*100
0V
50V
100V
(100.000m,69.972)
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
5.0V
6.0V
7.0V1
-20A
20A2
SEL>>SEL>> (9.584,6.3500)
(6.9550,5.5528)
I(pv)
0A
10A
20A
4.3.2 Simulation Result (SOC1=70, IL=18.18A or 60W load)
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 19
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
SOC1=70%
V=Lopen
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
PV module charge the battery
Charging
time
• .Options ITL4=30
Time
4.0s 8.0s 12.0s 16.0s 20.0s 24.0s0.1s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V1
0A
20A
30A2
>>
V(X_U1.1)*100
0V
50V
100V
(100.000m,30.192)
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
5.0V
6.0V
7.0V1
-20A
20A2
SEL>>SEL>> (9.1927,6.3500)
(2.4428,5.5551)
I(pv)
0A
10A
20A
4.3.3 Simulation Result (SOC1=30, IL=18.18A or 60W load)
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 20
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
SOC1=30
V=Lopen
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V1
0A
20A
30A2
>>
V(X_U1.1)*100
0V
50V
100V
(100.000u,10.999)
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
5.0V
6.0V
7.0V1
-20A
20A2
SEL>>SEL>>(9.4924,6.3500)
(1.1208,5.5500)
I(pv)
0A
10A
20A
4.3.4 Simulation Result (SOC1=10, IL=18.18A or 60W load)
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 21
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
SOC1=10
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
V=Lopen
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V1
0A
20A
30A2
>>
V(X_U1.1)*100
0V
50V
100V
(10.000m,100.000)
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
5.0V
6.0V
7.0V1
-20A
20A2
SEL>>SEL>>
(19.118,5.5500)
(7.7024,6.3500)
(4.8471,5.5500)
I(pv)
0A
10A
20A
4.3.5 Simulation Result (SOC1=100, IL=30.30A or 100W load)
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 22
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=30
SOC1=100
PV module charge the battery
Charging
time
V=Lopen
Shutdown
V=Lopen
Shutdown
V=Lclose
Reconnect
4.4 Simulation Result (Example of Conclusion)
The simulation start from midnight(time=0). The system supplies DC load 60W.
• If initial SOC is 100%,
– this system will never shutdown.
• If initial SOC is 70%,
– this system will shutdown after 6.955 hours (about 6:57AM.).
– system load will reconnect again at 9:35AM (Morning).
– With the PV Panel generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.36 hours.
• If initial SOC is 30%,
– this system will shutdown after 2.443 hours (about 2:27AM.).
– system load will reconnect again at 9:12AM (Morning).
– With the PV Panel generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.20 hours.
• If initial SOC is 10%,
– this system will shutdown after 1.121 hours (about 1:07AM.).
– this system will reconnect again at 9:30AM (Morning).
• With the PV Panel generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.14 hours.
The simulation start from midnight(time=0). The system supplies DC load 100W.
• If initial SOC is 100%,
– this system will shutdown after 4.847 hours (about 4:51AM.).
– system load will reconnect again at 7:42AM (Morning).
– this system will shutdown again at 7:07PM (Night).
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 23
Simulations index
Simulations Folder name
1. PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit............................................
2. Constant Current PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit...............
3. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=100, 60W).............
4. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=70, 60W)...............
5. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=30, 60W)...............
6. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=10, 60W)...............
7. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=100, 100W)...........
charge-sol
charge-sol-const
sol_24h_soc100_60W
sol_24h_soc70_60W
sol_24h_soc30_60W
sol_24h_soc10_60W
sol_24h_soc100_100W
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010 24