Frontier Airlines Letter of Authorization (Space Commitment)
Putting gas stations in space: fueling the space frontier
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Transcript of Putting gas stations in space: fueling the space frontier
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5http://www.oilandgasinfrastructure.com/home/oilandgaseurope/oilandgasnorway
6McGlade, Nature 2015; The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 degrees C
7
McGlade, Nature 2015; The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 degrees C
8
Perez, 2009, A Fundamental Look At Energy Reserves For The Planet
9
SPACEBASEDSOLARPOWER
Mankins, 2014, The Case for Space Solar Power
10
Dramatically reduce the price of
access to space by opening the
world’s first fuel stations in space
Shackleton
Energy
Company
11
Industrialization FrontierRenaissancesMigration
50000 BC – 5000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 AD 1700 AD – 1900 AD 1900 AD
The very presence of
physical, resource and
economic frontiers has
been fundamental to
human evolution
Civilization reached its
physical frontier over a
century ago and now
approaches its economic
and resource limits
Shackleton
Energy
Company
12
Industrial economic
growth has been built
upon energy, resource,
infrastructure and
transport
Energy
Price
Performance
The next infrastructure
investment frontier will
be beyond Earth’s
economic sphere
Shackleton
Energy
Company
13
Shackleton
Energy
Company
14
Shackleton
Energy
Company
15
Shackleton
Energy
Company
Earth’s ecosystem
will strain under the
population of 10
Billion by 2050
Shackleton
Energy
Company
1720502000 2100
Aluminium
Phosphorus
Tantalum
Titanium
Copper
Silver
Indium
Antimony
Coal
Oil
Gas
2092
2088
2058
2056
2044
2029
2024
2020
2054
2049
2047
Economically
accessible minerals
drawing to a close
this century
US Geological Survey, Adroit Resources, World Bureau of Metal Statistics,
International Copper Study Group, Minormetals.com, Cordell et al (2009),
Smil (2000), Silver Institute, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010
Shackleton
Energy
Company
15
TW
e3
0 T
We
60
TW
e
6B
10B
12B30B
equivalent
11B15B
equivalent
8B
20502000 2100
15
TW
e3
0 T
We
60
TW
e
Population-Consumption
Equivalent Ref Year 2000
Production-Capacity
Equivalent Ref Year 2000
Not only mineral
reduction but also
increasing power
consumption
Decreasing reserves
of hydrocarbons will
lead to a critical
global energy cap
Space Based Solar
Power can provide
the world’s energy
by mid-century
UN, Dept of Economic and Social
Affairs, Population Division
Median/High Fertility (2011).
Innovative Energy Strategies for CO2
Stabilization, Robert G Watts (2002),
Mixed and carbon-based sources of
thermal and electric power in 2050
Shackleton
Energy
Company
The Earth sits in a
deep gravity-well
surrounded by a
thick atmosphere
Rockets have to
expend massive
energy to get to free
space
Launching solar
power or very large
satellites from Earth
is simply not feasible
Resulting in over
85% propellant
mass of a surface to
LEO launch vehicle
Shackleton
Energy
Company
Over 85% of all
mass going to LEO
is propellant and
associated structure
GTO 42%Trans
Lunar 50%
Trans Mars
60%GSO 61%
Lunar Land
75%
Propellant from LEO
to destinations also
takes up additional
mass Mars Land
85%
Shackleton
Energy
Company
Propellant
High Value resilient
refuelable spacecraft
launched with
minimal propellant
Refueling spacecraft
in orbit dramatically
lowers the cost of
access to space
Launching propellant
depots in to LEO to
support multiple
missions
Shackleton
Energy
Company
Water
SEC resupplies their
propellant depots
with Lunar polar
water for operations
Propellant
Refueling spacecraft
in orbit dramatically
lowers the cost of
access to space
Shackleton
Energy
Company
Propellant
SBSP systems are
truly economical if
not launched from
Earth but built in-situ
Using Lunar
resources to provide
the mass of space
vehicle construction
Water
SEC resupplies their
propellant depots
with Lunar polar
water for operations
Space servicing and
construction vehicles
can supply SBSP
and other customers
Resources
Refueling spacecraft
in orbit dramatically
lowers the cost of
access to space
Shackleton
Energy
Company
Propellant
Using Lunar
resources to provide
the mass of space
vehicle construction
Water
SEC resupplies their
propellant depots
with Lunar polar
water for operations
Autonomous long
duration debris
mitigation vehicles
built in space
Resources
Providing a fleet of
genuine heavy duty
systems capable of
orbital maintenance
Avoiding the trillion
dollar economic
consequences of the
Kessler Syndrome
Refueling spacecraft
in orbit dramatically
lowers the cost of
access to space
Shackleton
Energy
Company
Propellant
Using Lunar
resources to provide
the mass of space
vehicle construction
Water
SEC resupplies their
propellant depots
with Lunar polar
water for operations
Autonomous long
duration planetary
protection vehicles
built in space
Resources
Providing a fleet of
genuine heavy duty
systems capable of
asteroid deflection
And ultimately
retrieval for
additional in-space
resource utilization
Refueling spacecraft
in orbit dramatically
lowers the cost of
access to space
Shackleton
Energy
Company
26
Globally Accessible
Electric Power
Atmospheric
Rebalancing
Limitless Freshwater
Globally Available
Irrigated lands
Yielding Crops
Localised Economic
Prosperity
Health and Living
Standards Rise
Every Child on Earth
with an Education
Shackleton
Energy
Company
27
Globally Accessible
Electric Power
Atmospheric
Rebalancing
Limitless Freshwater
Globally Available
Irrigated lands
Yielding Crops
Localised Economic
Prosperity
Health and Living
Standards Rise
Every Child on Earth
with an Education
So What’s
Been Holding
Us Back?
28
Political Leadership
Congressional Support
Unlimited Budget
Technology Development
Apollo Missions
National
Political
Goal
Electronics
29
Science
Propulsion Materials Life SupportMedicine
Exploration Computers Aerodynamics
EnergyEcology Chemicals Comms Software
Technology Development
Risk Reduction Foundation for Commercial Space Expansion
30
Political Constraints
Constituent Votes
Minimal Budget
Constituent Technology
One-off Missions
Strategic
Leadership
Gap
Feasibility
Gap
Optimism Bias
Budgetary Constraint
Compromised Infrastructure
Minimal Production Scale and Cost Leverage
Inability to establish end-to-end strategic planning
Overbearing Quality Assurance & Overheads
Extensive Operational Risk Profiles
Time, Economy and Opportunity Loss
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Feasibility
Gap
OptimismBias
Budgetary Constraint
Market
Leadership
EnergyTransport Destination
Low cost
transportation
from Earth to LEO
Space and surface
destinations for
new markets
The Paradigm
Buster! Energy &
its Infrastructure!
Energy connects
LEO transports to
space destinations
… and connects
destinations to new
market segments
Market
Leadership
EnergyTransport Destination
Propellant Depot
Powersat
Tanker
Mining Rover
Servicing Vehicle
Surface
Habitation
Human Space
Transport
Processing
Refinery
Settlements
Propellant Depot
Servicing VehicleHuman Space
Transport
Outposts
In-Space Fuelling
& Servicing
Lunar Commerce
Human Science &
Exploration
Space Comms
Backbone
Space Debris
Removal
Mineral Mining
Space Supplies
Human Mars &
Asteroid Missions
Space Tourism
Surface
Habitation
Mining Rover
Tanker
Powersat
Processing
Refinery
36
Investment Return!
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market
Leadership
37
Investment Return!
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership
Investment Return
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership Experience Vision Commitment
Identification
Execution
Customers
Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp
Robust Repeatable Scalable
Terrain Community Regulatory
Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy
Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit
38
Investment Return!
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership
Investment Return
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership Experience Vision Commitment
Identification
Execution
Customers
Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp
Robust Repeatable Scalable
Terrain Community Regulatory
Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy
Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit
ColumbusReach the Orient
by Sailing West
A Decade
Fundraising
Trade Routes to
the Orient
Expeditionary
Armada
For European
Merchants
Second Armada
of 17 Ships
New Markets for
Trade & Growth
Crew, Provisions
for Three Ships
European ship
building
Multiple ships in
production
Fleet expansion
to new regions
Atlantic Ocean &
The Americas
European
Monarchies
Royal Court
Approval
Luis de Santangel Queen IsabellaShipping Trade
Revenues
Economic
Expansion
Monetary ReturnNew Gold and
Resource Supply
Economic
ExpansionNew Countries
Monetary Return
New Gold and
Resource Supply
Economic
Expansion
New Countries
Decade 1 Decade 2 Decade 3
$ M
illio
ns
$ B
illio
ns
$ B
illio
ns +
40
Investment Return!
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership
Investment Return
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership Experience Vision Commitment
Identification
Execution
Customers
Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp
Robust Repeatable Scalable
Terrain Community Regulatory
Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy
Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit
VanderbiltIntegration of Rail
Transport
Relinquished
Steamboats
Expanding Rail
Transport Access
Aggressive Rail
Expansion
People & Goods
Coast to Coast
Increasing
Revenues
Interconnecting
New Regions
Steamboat
Revenues
Steam and
Rolling Stock
Taylor Production
Principles
Repeatable
Identical Units
Continental US
City to City
Strong Growth &
Competition
State & Federal
Legislation
Steamboat
Revenues
Rail Growth
Returns
Rail Acquisition &
Integration
New & Expanding
Towns & Cities
Monetary ReturnNew Land Grants
Leveraged Funds
Supplementary
Businesses
Net Worth Over
1% GDP Added
Monetary Return
New Land and
Leveraged Funds
Supplementary
Businesses
Net Worth Over
1% GDP Added
Decade 1 Decade 2 Decade 3
$ M
illio
ns
$ B
illio
ns
$ B
illio
ns +
42
Investment Return!
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership
Investment Return
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership Experience Vision Commitment
Identification
Execution
Customers
Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp
Robust Repeatable Scalable
Terrain Community Regulatory
Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy
Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit
RockefellerRevolutionizing
Energy
Industry
Domination
Industrial Age
Expansion
Aggressive Oil
Expansion
Kerosene &
Crude Sales
Expanding Oil
Markets
Assured Industrial
Oil Sales
Capital &
Reinvestment
Drilling & Refining
Improvement
Escalating Oil
Field Discoveries
Easy Access to
Early Sweet Oil
Continent Wide
Field Discoveries
Integrated Supply
Chain
State & Federal
Legislation
Kerosene Stock
Leverage Raise
Competitor
Acquisitions
Vertical & Hori-
zontal Integration
New & Expanding
Fields & Cities
Monetary Return New Oil FieldsIntegrated
Business Sectors
Foundation of $T
Global Oil Sector
Monetary Return
New Oil Fields
Integrated
Business Sectors
Foundation of $T
Global Oil Sector
Decade 1 Decade 2 Decade 3
$ M
illio
ns
$ B
illio
ns
$ T
rilli
ons
44
Investment Return!
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership
Investment Return
Capital
Environment
Technology
Business Model
Market Need
Leadership Experience Vision Commitment
Identification
Execution
Customers
Self Sustaining ProfitableCapEx Onramp
Robust Repeatable Scalable
Terrain Community Regulatory
Catalytic Risk Infrastructure Growth Economy
Primary Secondary Tertiary Profit
StoneInner Solar
System Industry
On the Moon
Within a Decade
10 Billion People
by Mid Century
Detailed Planning
and Preparation
End to End
Customer Chain
Integrated Space
Markets
Eliminating
Barriers to Space
Capital & Profit
Reinvestment
50 Years of
Accelerating Tech
Production Line
Methodology
New Customers
for Base Modules
CIS Lunar & Inner
Solar System
Space Agencies
& Commercial
National &
International Law
Catalytic
Investment
Revenues &
Structural Funds
Vertical & Hori-
zontal Integration
Expanding
Market Investing
Propellant Sales
Near Earth Space
Expansion of
Space Assets
Interlaced
Revenue Streams
Inner Solar
System Economy
45
StoneInner Solar
System Industry
On the Moon
Within a Decade
10 Billion People
by Mid Century
Detailed Planning
and Preparation
End to End
Customer Chain
Integrated Space
Markets
Eliminating
Barriers to Space
Capital & Profit
Reinvestment
50 Years of
Accelerating Tech
Production Line
Methodology
New Customers
for Base Modules
CIS Lunar & Inner
Solar System
Space Agencies
& Commercial
National &
International Law
Catalytic
Investment
Revenues &
Structural Funds
Vertical & Hori-
zontal Integration
Expanding
Market Investing
Propellant Sales
Near Earth Space
Expansion of
Space Assets
Interlaced
Revenue Streams
Inner Solar
System Economy
Space Agencies
Infrastructure
Corporations
Other NewSpace
Companies
No Revenue
Model Applicable
Lack end to end
business models
Not mandated for
profit generation
Prototyping risk
reduction culture
Unable to lead
capital risk
Cannot disrupt
existing revenues
Inertia too high
for regulatory risk
Insufficient
market vision
Isolated market
assumptions
Shackleton
Energy Company
Shackleton
Energy
Company
CEO COOCTO / Chairman
46
Dale Tietz
Chief Executive Officer
Former US Air Force officer
and pilot. Pentagon Strategic
Defense Initiative (Star Wars)
acquisition program manager.
Internationally-recognized
development pioneer in
unmanned aerospace systems
and high tech business leader.
Bill Stone
Chairman and Chief
Technology Officer
World-class explorer/ inventor/
engineer/ business developer.
Dr. Stone has led scores of
expeditions worldwide,
developed advanced life
support systems, autonomous
robotics and space systems
Jim Keravala
Chief Operating Officer
International space systems
director; planning and launch
of over a dozen spacecraft into
Low Earth Orbit. Multi-national
leadership record. High tech
entrepreneur; systems
engineering and technology
program management
expertise.
Mainframe
Interconnections
Districts Compete
for Contracts
Computer
Tourism Takes-off
Govt ARPANET
Liberated
TCP/IP
PC + DOSWorld Wide Web
Dot Com Boom
Consolidation
X-15 Released to
Qualified Corps
MultiCycle Engine
Airframe System
I/F & Docking
Standards
Millennial
Olympics
1970 1980 1990
Govt COTS
Program Winner!
One Billionth Pico
Supercomputer
One Millionth
Spacecar Sold
2000 2010
Govt TelexNet
Established
48
A Few
Thousand
API
Around
Seven Billion
Shackleton
Energy
Company
49
Gas
extraction
at sea
Liquefaction
for transport
to LNG
storage
LNG storage
prior to
distribution
LNG
RegasificationPipeline
transport to
customers
Oil
extraction
on land
Pipeline
transportation
of crude to
refinery
Pipeline
transportation
of refined
products to
distribution
Road
transport
to retail
outlets
Transport to
LNG storage
Transport to
storage
LEO
LLO
L1
GEO
Earth
Moon
50Full Program Mapping in SEC
Enterprise Model
Water transport delivery from Lunar
surface to LEO refinery and depot
Water
Lunar
propellant sales
to customers
Extraction and processing of water from polar regolith
Launch of structure
and crew to space
Return of water transport for next
delivery cycle
Aerobraking shell enables low energy
return to LEO
FuelWater
Water
Extraction and processing of next water from polar regolith
Water transport ready for next
delivery cycle to LEO depot
Terrestrial
propellant
sales to
customers
Propellant
Launch of infrastructure
and crew to the Moon
Launch of
prospecting
missions to
the Lunar
poles
Permanent Moon Base established
and human interplanetary
civilization begins on a Tuesday
sometime in 2022
Solar power transmission to fleet and
early stage terrestrial demonstrators
Shackleton
Energy
Company
51
Plug & Play Architecture
Common Propulsion
Commercial Launch
51
Inflatable Fuselages
Aerobraking Return
Modular Subsystems
Shackleton
Energy
Company
52
Power Transmission
Hyperbaric Ops
GN&C Systems
Autonomous Robots
Life Support Systems
Re-entry Systems
Shackleton
Energy
Company
53
Exploration
Fluid Dynamics
Transportation
Liquefaction
Extraction
Refining
54SEC, SAS, Penguin ASI Respectively
UNDERSEA
EXPLORATION
TELEROBOTIC MINING
LAUNCH
FLIGHT SYSTEMS
OPERATIONS
DEFENSE
SIMULATION
EXPEDITIONS
AUTONOMOUS ROBOTICS
LIFE SUPPORT
ENGINEERING
A Team of 130 and growing
With 4,000 years of combined experience in aerospace, defense, launch,
space systems, mining, operations and energy
SPACE
GN&C
55SEC, SAS, Penguin ASI Respectively
A Team of 130 and growing
With 4,000 years of combined experience in aerospace, defense, launch,
space systems, mining, operations and energy
56
Phase 1 - Enterprise Development
Phase 1 Startup
Team Integration
Enterprise Engineering
Enterprise Go-Review
Enterprise Investment Engagement
Phase 2 – Robotic Prospecting
Mission Implementation
Design, Build &Test
Launch & Surface Tests
Prospecting Operations
Phase 3 – Infrastructure RiskRedux
Infrastructure Implementation
Propellant Exchange Marketplace
Fleet Module Development
Development Fleet Deployment
LEO Depot Fleet 1 Deliveries
Phase 4 – Lunar Operations
Operations Development
Expedition 1 Landing
Expedition 1 Operations
Lunar Sourced Propellant Delivery
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10Phase 1 Finance &
Commencement
Infrastructure
Capital
Terrestrial
Propellant Sales
Lunar
Propellant Sales
Propellant
Pre-Sales
LEO
LLO
L1
GEO
Earth
Moon
SEC Delivers first End-of-Life
extension services for GEO, MEO
and LEO satellites (Year 7)
First super-satellite boosted to from LEO to GEO with SEC transfer tug with station keeping
stage (Year 9)
Human tended communication platform with 100x current
capacity, upgradeable standardized transponder racks and large inflatable
reflectors using SEC modular architecture (Year 12)
Shackleton
Energy
Company
LEO
LMO
Phobos / Deimos
NEA
Earth
Mars
Moon Propellant
Propellant
First in-orbit transfer to NASA
customer with Phase 3
Propellant Depot (Year 5)
ISECG Agency missions to the Moon using SEC vehicles &
propellant (Year 9+)
ISECG Agency missions to the NEA
using SEC vehicles & propellant (Year 15+)
ISECG Agency missions to the
Phobos, Deimos and Mars using SEC
vehicles & propellant (Year 20+)
The International Space Exploration Coordination
Group (ISECG) of 14 Space Agencies defines a
roadmap of preferred exploration scenarios . SEC’s
architecture and interface licensing enables that
capability at a fraction of the cost of a government
driven system. (Year 9+)
LEO
LLO
L1
GEO
Earth
Moon
Propellant
Transfer of SpAASe
customers to lunar
orbit (Year 12+)
Propellant
Transfer of SpAASe
customers to lunar
surface (Year 12+)
Transfer of SpAASe
customers to L1
(Year 10+)
Launch of SpAASe
customers to LEO
and transfer to SEC
transport (Year 10+)
Launch of SpAASe
customers to LEO
and transfer to SEC
transport (Year 10+)
Minimum 25
SpAASe customers
in cis-lunar space
(Year 15+)
Shackleton
Energy
Company
LEO
LMO
Phobos / Deimos
NEA
Earth
Mars
Moon
GEO
61%Lunar Landing
75%
Mars Landing
85%
Traditional launch
beyond LEO requires
over half of beyond
LEO mass to be
propellant
GEO
Propellant
Launching larger
spacecraft to LEO
followed by refueling
from SEC propellant
depots at least doubles
total mission mass for
each launch (Year 9+)
A single SpaceX FH
plus SEC propellant
depots provides greater
mission mass than a
single NASA SLS
Shackleton
Energy
Company
LEO
LMO
Phobos / Deimos
NEA
Earth
Mars
Moon
Transportation
61
Fuel Power Industry Habitatats
Solving the world’s energy problem for good
"I think there is a world market for
maybe five computers" Thomas
Watson (1874-1956), Chairman of
IBM, 1943
62
"Heavier-than-air flying machines
are impossible“ Lord Kelvin,
President, Royal Society, 1895
"There is no reason anyone would want
a computer in their home" Ken Olson,
president, chairman and founder of
Digital Equipment Corp, 1977
"This 'telephone' has too
many shortcomings to be
seriously considered as a
means of communication.
The device is inherently of
no value to us" Western
Union internal memo, 1876
"Space travel is bunk." Sir Harold Spencer
Jones, Astronomer Royal of Britain, 1957,
two weeks before the launch of Sputnik
"All attempts at artificial aviation are not
only dangerous to life but doomed to failure
from an engineering standpoint" Editor of
'The Times' of London, 1905
“We’re not sure how
fuel in space is relevant
to us" Norwegian oil
company, 2015
"We don't like their sound, and
guitar music is on the way out"
Decca Recording Co. rejecting
the Beatles, 1962
"Man will never
reach the moon
regardless of all
future scientific
advances" Dr Lee
De Forest, 1967
Shackleton
Energy
Company
63
“The chances of finding oil on
the continental shelf off the
Norwegian coast can be
discounted” Norwegian
Geological Survey, 1958
Shackleton
Energy
Company
64
Shackleton
Energy
Company
65
Shackleton
Energy
Company
66
