Putra Specialist Hospital Melaka EA Screening Report...75100 Melaka Building Description and...

© Danish Management Group

Putra Specialist Hospital

Putra Specialist Hospital,

169, Jalan Bendahara,

75100 Melaka

Building Description and FunctionPutra Specialist Hospital, a private hospital owned by the Melaka State Government,

was commissioned in year

building is a combination of 3 blocks.

Putra Sp Hospital

Figure 1 Location of the building

Project Ref: 101568

Putra Specialist Hospital

Year:

Size:

Electricity Consumption:

and Function Putra Specialist Hospital, a private hospital owned by the Melaka State Government,

year 1995 and city centre, along Jalan Bendahara.

building is a combination of 3 blocks.

Putra Sp Hospital

p Hospital

Location of the building

Project Ref: 101568-01

1995

31,716 Sqm

7.1 GWh/year

Putra Specialist Hospital, a private hospital owned by the Melaka State Government,

city centre, along Jalan Bendahara. The 12 storey

Putra Sp Hospital


Floor Function

Ground floor Main lobby

1st

Floor Car Park

2nd

Floor Car Park

3rd

Floor Consultant Suites

4th

Floor Laboratories (Podium Block)

Chilled/Hot Water Pump Room (Rooftop

5th

Floor Operation Theatres

5s Service

6th

Floor (Tower Block) Maternity

7th

Floor General Wards

8th

– 12th

Floor General Wards (extended floor area )

Administartive Office: 11

The hospital operates on 24

Outdoor lighting is lit overnight from 19:00 to 07:00.

The building complex is a combination of the podium block, main tower and the annex

block. The podium block is a 6 storey block, ground level up. The main tower, which is

ANNEX BLOCK

GROUND FLOOR

ANNEX BLOCK

1ST - 4TH FLOOR

2

Function

Main lobby

Car Park

Car Park

Consultant Suites

Laboratories (Podium Block)

Chilled/Hot Water Pump Room (Rooftop-Annex Block)

Operation Theatres

Service Floor (OT Ducting Floor)

Maternity

General Wards

General Wards (extended floor area )

Administartive Office: 11th

Floor

hospital operates on 24-hours basis. The same is applicable for the air

is lit overnight from 19:00 to 07:00.



GROUND FLOOR

HOSPITAL

1ST FLOOR

HOSPITAL

2ND - 12TH FLOOR

HOSPITAL

5TH FLOOR

HOSPITAL

6TH FLOOR

HOSPITAL

7TH FLOOR

HOSPITAL

8 - 12TH FLOOR

HOSPITAL

Energy Screening

hours basis. The same is applicable for the air-conditioning.



6TH FLOOR

HOSPITAL

ROOF

ROOF

7TH FLOOR

HOSPITAL

ROOF

8 - 12TH FLOOR

HOSPITAL


6 storeys, starts from the 6

building, including the basement car park.

The gross floor area for the building is 31,716 s

26,367 sqm.

Floor

Gross

Podium Annex

B 946

G 2,333 1,169

1 2,333 1,169

2 2,333 1,169

3 2,333 1,169

4 2,333

5 2,333

5S 2,420

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Total 16,418 4,675

3

6 storeys, starts from the 6th floor up to the 12

th floor. The annex block, is a 5 st

building, including the basement car park.

r area for the building is 31,716 sqm., while the air-conditioned area is

Air-conditioned

Annex Tower Gross Total Podium Annex

946 851

1,169 3,502 2,100 1,052

1,169 3,502 2,100 1,052

1,169 3,502 2,100 1,052

1,169 3,502 2,100 1,052

2,333 2,100

2,333 2,100

2,420

1,882 1,882

1,075 1,075

1,344 1,344

1,344 1,344

1,344 1,344

1,344 1,344

1,344 1,344

4,675 9,677 31,716 12,599 5,059

Energy Screening

floor. The annex block, is a 5 storey

conditioned area is

Tower Gross Total

851

3152

3152

3152

3152

2100

2100

1,694 1694

968 968

1,210 1210

1,210 1210

1,210 1210

1,210 1210

1,210 1210

8,709 26,367


Indoor Comfort LevelsDuring the preliminary audit the indoor climate was surveyed by measuring the lux,

temperature, CO2 and relative humidity levels throughout the building. This survey

provides information about the indoor climate quality of the building as well as

providing indications of potential energy wastages in the use of the building.

The diagrams below shows th

providing the average value as well as the maximum and minimum values registered. As

the measurements have been made throughout the building the measured values are from

various rooms and locations

category. The results are compared to the recommended levels set by either standards or

best practices.

Chart 1 Measured illuminance levels. The average of the measured values

maximum and minimum levels. The green area shows the recommended levels.

The lux levels are compared with the

energy efficiency. However, places especially office

Some of the areas especially emergency

having high variation of lux level

of daylight. In some of these spaces there may be sufficient daylight during the

and artificial lighting may not be required.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Ca

fete

ria

& S

ho

p

Co

nsu

lta

nt

Ro

om

Co

un

ter

Em

erg

en

cy R

oo

m

Lux

4

Indoor Comfort Levels During the preliminary audit the indoor climate was surveyed by measuring the lux,

and relative humidity levels throughout the building. This survey



The diagrams below shows the results of the survey, and shows the measur

age value as well as the maximum and minimum values registered. As


various rooms and locations, and the diagrams provide the results for each room


Measured illuminance levels. The average of the measured values are shown in blue, with the

maximum and minimum levels. The green area shows the recommended levels.

compared with the required levels set by the MS 1525

However, places especially office are under lit.

the areas especially emergency rooms, meeting rooms, lobbies and wards are

lux levels. This can be due to both artificial lighting and influx

n some of these spaces there may be sufficient daylight during the

and artificial lighting may not be required.

Kit

che

n &

Pa

ntr

y

Lab

ora

tory

Lift

Lo

bb

y

Lob

by

Me

eti

ng

Ro

om

Off

ice

Ro

om

Op

en

Off

ice

Op

era

tio

n T

he

ate

r

Pa

rkin

g

Pra

ye

r R

oo

m

Se

rve

r R

oo

m

Lux Levels

Energy Screening

During the preliminary audit the indoor climate was surveyed by measuring the lux,

and relative humidity levels throughout the building. This survey



e results of the survey, and shows the measured values by

age value as well as the maximum and minimum values registered. As


, and the diagrams provide the results for each room


are shown in blue, with the

required levels set by the MS 1525 guidelines for

lobbies and wards are

both artificial lighting and influx

n some of these spaces there may be sufficient daylight during the day time,

Sto

re R

oo

m

Toile

t

Tre

atm

en

t R

oo

m

Wa

rd


Chart 2 Measured temperature levels. The average measured temperature is shown in blue, with the maximum

and minimum levels. The green area shows the recommended levels.

Temperature levels are in general too low. In most air

temperatures are between 2

conditioned areas is general

area, except for server room and Operation Theater

required. However, the temperature of operati

below the recommended level of 19

Hospital Bath.

The temperature variation in

rooms are high. Temperatures have been registered

and as high as 29°C for store rooms.

Low temperatures of 14°C

air in as a mean to increase the temperature. This will lead to energy wastage in terms of

increased cooling loads.

13.014.015.016.017.018.019.020.021.022.023.024.025.026.027.028.029.030.0

Co

nsu

lta

nt

Ro

om

Co

un

ter

Em

erg

en

cy R

oo

m

De

gre

e C

els

ius

5

Measured temperature levels. The average measured temperature is shown in blue, with the maximum

and minimum levels. The green area shows the recommended levels.

Temperature levels are in general too low. In most air-conditioned areas, average

temperatures are between 22 and 24°C. The recommended temperature level for air

general between 24-26°C, depending on the activity level in t

ept for server room and Operation Theater where low temperatures are

However, the temperature of operation theater is as low as 16°C, which is

below the recommended level of 19-21°C from Theatre Practice Policy by Royal United

e temperature variation in kitchen and pantries, lobbies, store rooms and treatment

Temperatures have been registered as low as 14°C for treatment rooms

for store rooms. This shows that the system is not proper balanced.

°C could often lead to opening of windows to allow warm, fresh


Kit

che

n &

Pa

ntr

y

Lab

ora

tory

Lift

Lo

bb

y

Lob

by

Me

eti

ng

Ro

om

Off

ice

Ro

om

Op

en

Off

ice

Op

era

tio

n T

he

ate

r

Pra

ye

r R

oo

m

Se

rve

r R

oo

m

Temperature Levels

Energy Screening

Measured temperature levels. The average measured temperature is shown in blue, with the maximum

conditioned areas, average

and 24°C. The recommended temperature level for air-

26°C, depending on the activity level in the

where low temperatures are

theater is as low as 16°C, which is

Theatre Practice Policy by Royal United

kitchen and pantries, lobbies, store rooms and treatment

treatment rooms

shows that the system is not proper balanced.

often lead to opening of windows to allow warm, fresh


Se

rve

r R

oo

m

Sto

re R

oo

m

Tre

atm

en

t R

oo

m

Wa

rd


Chart 3 Measured CO2 Levels. The average CO

levels. The green area shows the recommended level.

The levels of CO2 are well within the recommended best practice levels set by DOSH.

In general the levels are about half of the required ceiling level for best practice, and the

amount of fresh air is very high in the building. This indicates that fresh, warm outside

air may be introduced to the building through open windows, doors or leak

building envelope and thus increases the cooling load and leads to energy wastage.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500C

on

sult

an

t R

oo

m

Co

un

ter

Em

erg

en

cy R

oo

m

PP

M

6

Levels. The average CO2 level is shown in blue, with the maximum and minimum

levels. The green area shows the recommended level.

are well within the recommended best practice levels set by DOSH.

n general the levels are about half of the required ceiling level for best practice, and the


air may be introduced to the building through open windows, doors or leak


Kit

che

n &

Pa

ntr

y

Lab

ora

tory

Lift

Lo

bb

y

Lob

by

Me

eti

ng

Ro

om

Off

ice

Ro

om

Op

en

Off

ice

Pra

ye

r R

oo

m

Se

rve

r R

oo

m

Sto

re R

oo

m

CO2 Levels

Energy Screening

level is shown in blue, with the maximum and minimum

are well within the recommended best practice levels set by DOSH.

n general the levels are about half of the required ceiling level for best practice, and the


air may be introduced to the building through open windows, doors or leaks in the


Sto

re R

oo

m

Toile

t

Tre

atm

en

t R

oo

m

Wa

rd


Chart 4 Measured relative humidity. The average relative humidity levels are shown in blue, with the

maximum and minimum values. The green area shows the recommended level.

Relative humidity is well within the requi

value over the ceiling limit is recorded.

windows, where outside, humid air is introduced. Limiting the amount of outside air into

the building would reduce the humidity and thus the energy requirement for

dehumidification of the air.

Equipment Inventory The preliminary audit included a survey of installed equipment in the building. The

inventory of main equipment for cooling, lighting and other equipment

plug load has been compiled.

Cooling system

The main cooling system comprises of 4 air

units in operation and 1 stand

order. In total, there are 37 AHU, located on floors G, 3, 3A, 5S, 6, 7, 8 9 and 10.

rest of the floors are either non

located on the utility floor, i.e. Level 3S.

Also, there are 5 x 22 kW chilled water pumps which are also cycled with 3 in operation

and 2 on stand-by. At the time of audit, 1 of the stand

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80C

on

sult

an

t R

oo

m

Co

un

ter

Em

erg

en

cy R

oo

m

%R

H

7

Measured relative humidity. The average relative humidity levels are shown in blue, with the

maximum and minimum values. The green area shows the recommended level.

Relative humidity is well within the required level. However in some wards

ver the ceiling limit is recorded. High RH in wards can be due to opening of

, where outside, humid air is introduced. Limiting the amount of outside air into


n of the air.

The preliminary audit included a survey of installed equipment in the building. The

inventory of main equipment for cooling, lighting and other equipment

has been compiled.

main cooling system comprises of 4 air-cooled chiller units, which are cycled with 3

units in operation and 1 stand-by. At the time of audit, the stand-by unit was out of

order. In total, there are 37 AHU, located on floors G, 3, 3A, 5S, 6, 7, 8 9 and 10.

rest of the floors are either non-air conditioned or use only split units. The chillers are

located on the utility floor, i.e. Level 3S.


time of audit, 1 of the stand-by units was out of order.

Kit

che

n &

Pa

ntr

y

Lab

ora

tory

Lift

Lo

bb

y

Lob

by

Me

eti

ng

Ro

om

Off

ice

Ro

om

Op

en

Off

ice

Op

era

tio

n T

he

ate

r

Pra

ye

r R

oo

m

Se

rve

r R

oo

m

Relative Humidity

Energy Screening

Measured relative humidity. The average relative humidity levels are shown in blue, with the

red level. However in some wards high RH

can be due to opening of

, where outside, humid air is introduced. Limiting the amount of outside air into


The preliminary audit included a survey of installed equipment in the building. The

inventory of main equipment for cooling, lighting and other equipment contributed to

cooled chiller units, which are cycled with 3

by unit was out of

order. In total, there are 37 AHU, located on floors G, 3, 3A, 5S, 6, 7, 8 9 and 10. The

air conditioned or use only split units. The chillers are


by units was out of order.

Se

rve

r R

oo

m

Sto

re R

oo

m

Tre

atm

en

t R

oo

m

Wa

rd


In addition are 154 air-conditioning split units installed on almost all floors where

central cooling is unavailable and under conditions where additional cooling is required.

The ACSUs have a combined power capacity of 141.7 kW.

Lighting

The hospital is equipped with a total number of 4540 unit lamps to provide lighting

requiment of the building. The T8 Fluuorescent type accounts the major portion of the

numbers which is about 68% or 3089 units. It

Fluorescent Light (CFL) which account for 30% of the total unit. There are other

lighting types were installed i.e. incandescent and LED type which acount for 1%

respectivley.

Chart 5 Breakdown of types of lamps

Other Equipment

In addition to the cooling and lighting equipment, the hospital also used some other

electrical equipment for medical treatment (X

etc), office equipment such as computer, fax, printers as well as TV

Florescent

Tube (T8)

68%

Incandescent

Lamp 1%

LED

1%

8

conditioning split units installed on almost all floors where


ned power capacity of 141.7 kW.



numbers which is about 68% or 3089 units. It was then follwed by the Compact



Chart 5 Breakdown of types of lamps


electrical equipment for medical treatment (X-ray, haemodialysis machine,

such as computer, fax, printers as well as TVs and fridge

CFL

30%

Energy Screening

conditioning split units installed on almost all floors where




was then follwed by the Compact




ray, haemodialysis machine, scanners

and fridges.


Energy Usage Profile The building consumes a total of

consumed by the cooling system which accounts for

amounts to 10%, while others such as plug loads account

Chart 6 Breakdown of the Electricity Consumption

Item

Cooling

Lighting

Others

Total

Lighting

10%

Others

16%

9

The building consumes a total of 7,100,000 kWh per year. The highest portion is

consumed by the cooling system which accounts for 74% of the consumption. Lighting

%, while others such as plug loads accounts for 16%.

Chart 6 Breakdown of the Electricity Consumption

Energy Consumption (KWh)

5,222,786

732,654

1,144,560

7,100,000

Cooling

74%

Energy Screening

0,000 kWh per year. The highest portion is

% of the consumption. Lighting

Pct.

74%

10%

16%

100%


Cooling System

The energy requirement for the cooling system can be divided into the consumption of

the air-cooled chillers, AHUs, the chilled water pumps

from the chart, at about 72

Chart 7 Breakdown of the cooling system energy consumption

No. Item

1 Chillers

2 Air Handling Units

3 Chilled Water Pumps

4 ACSU (Splits)

Cooling Total

Air Handling

Units 12%

Chilled

Water

Pumps

9%

ACSU

(Splits)

7%

10


cooled chillers, AHUs, the chilled water pumps and the ACSUs. As can be seen

2%, the major portion is consumed by the air-

Chart 7 Breakdown of the cooling system energy consumption

Maximum Demand (kW) Energy Consumption (kWh)

229

97

48

34

Cooling Total 408

Chillers

72%

Energy Screening


and the ACSUs. As can be seen

-cooled chillers.

Energy Consumption (kWh)

3,758,040

609,827

462,528

392,390

5,222,786


Lighting

The chart shows that 52% of the lighting energy consumption is consumed at the lobbies

and corridors. This is due to its longer operating hour (24 hours) served at these areas.

The consultant rooms consumed 11% of the consumption followed by ward areas which

accounts for 9%. Wards consume about

stairs, office/ meeting rooms and treatment rooms/ Operation Theater

5% and 4% respectively.

Chart 8 Distribution of electricity consumption for lighting by room category.

Location

Lobby & Counter

Consultant Room

Ward

Parking

Toilet/Stairs

Office/Meeting Room

Treatment Room/

Operation Theater

Others

Lighting Total

Consultant

Room 11%

Ward

9%

Parking

6%

Toilet/

Stairs 5%

Office/Meeting

Room

5%

Treatment

Room/Operation

Theater

4%

Others

8%

11



consumed 11% of the consumption followed by ward areas which

for 9%. Wards consume about 9% of total energy, whereas parking, toilet/

stairs, office/ meeting rooms and treatment rooms/ Operation Theater consume 6%,

Chart 8 Distribution of electricity consumption for lighting by room category.

Maximum Demand (kW) Energy Consumption (kWh)

53

38

12

10

4

13

15

16

161

Lobby & Counter

52%

Consultant

Room 11%

Others

8%

Energy Screening



consumed 11% of the consumption followed by ward areas which

, whereas parking, toilet/

consume 6%, 5%,

Energy Consumption (kWh)

378,423

83,035

63,903

40,820

39,122

38,366

33,371

55,613

732,654


Baseline Energy ConsumptionThe historic energy consumption is derived from the utility bills for the period January

2012 to November 2013. As the period is too short to provide a full year

development, the monthly consumption is presented below. It shows that the monthly

consumption is fluctuating between 650,000 kWh/month and 500,000 kWh/month, with

a monthly average of about 590,000 kWh/month. The maximum demand fluctuates

between 1322kW and 1133kW with an average of 1210kW.

Chart 9 Electricity consumption

As the months vary with the number of days, a more precise comparison is to compare

the daily average for the months. The daily average is about 19,400 kWh/day.

Chart 10 Electricity consumption per day

The total yearly consumption is estimated to be ab

there is no linear correlation between the months.

The electricity cost for the period 2012

prevailing in the period. The diagram below shows what the cost will be with the

increased tariff rates effective from 1

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

Ma

r-1

2

Ap

r-1

2

Ma

y-1

2

Jun

-12

Jul-

12

kWh

13,000

14,000

15,000

16,000

17,000

18,000

19,000

20,000

21,000

22,000

Ma

r-1

2

Ap

r-1

2

Ma

y-1

2

Jun

-12

Jul-

12

kW

h/d

ay

12

Baseline Energy Consumption consumption is derived from the utility bills for the period January

2012 to November 2013. As the period is too short to provide a full year


ing between 650,000 kWh/month and 500,000 kWh/month, with


between 1322kW and 1133kW with an average of 1210kW.

Chart 9 Electricity consumption and maximum demand per month



Electricity consumption per day

The total yearly consumption is estimated to be about 7,100,000 kWh/year. However

there is no linear correlation between the months.

The electricity cost for the period 2012-2013 is based on the electricity tariff that was


increased tariff rates effective from 1st January 2014, where the average monthly

Au

g-1

2

Se

p-1

2

Oct

-12

No

v-1

2

De

c-1

2

Jan

-13

Fe

b-1

3

Ma

r-1

3

Ap

r-1

3

Ma

y-1

3

Jun

-13

Jul-

13

Au

g-1

3

Se

p-1

3

Energy Consumption with Max Demand

Energy Max Demand

Jul-

12

Au

g-1

2

Se

p-1

2

Oct

-12

No

v-1

2

De

c-1

2

Jan

-13

Fe

b-1

3

Ma

r-1

3

Ap

r-1

3

Ma

y-1

3

Jun

-13

Jul-

13

Au

g-1

3

Avg. Electricity Consump on per Day

Energy Screening

consumption is derived from the utility bills for the period January

2012 to November 2013. As the period is too short to provide a full year-on-year


ing between 650,000 kWh/month and 500,000 kWh/month, with




00 kWh/year. However

2013 is based on the electricity tariff that was


January 2014, where the average monthly

500

700

900

1,100

1,300

1,500

Se

p-1

3

Oct

-13

No

v-1

3

De

c-1

3

kW

Au

g-1

3

Se

p-1

3

Oct

-13

No

v-1

3

De

c-1

3


electricity cost will increase from RM 232,000 to RM 252,000. The yearly electricity

cost is expected to be around RM 3.00 Mill. with the new tariff.

Chart 11 Historic Monthly electricity cost is shown in blue colour. The cost for the same consumption with the

2014 tariff applied is shown in red colour.

Building Energy Performance

The energy performance of the building can be illustrated by the building energy index

(BEI). This is based on the ratio between the annual electricity consumption and the air

conditioned floor area. The BEI is presented below with the annual equivalent BEI

based on monthly electricity consumption, in order to show the variations in the BEI and

the average BEI, which is the annual BEI. The average annual BEI is around

269kWh/m2-year.

Chart 12 Building Energy Index based on monthly electricity consumption

180,000

190,000

200,000

210,000

220,000

230,000

240,000

250,000

260,000

270,000

280,000

Ma

r-1

2

Ap

r-1

2

Ma

y-1

2

Jun

-12

Jul-

12

RM

/mo

nth

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

Ma

r-1

2

Ap

r-1

2

Ma

y-1

2

Jun

-12

Jul-

12

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

kW

h/m

2-y

ea

r

13


cost is expected to be around RM 3.00 Mill. with the new tariff.

thly electricity cost is shown in blue colour. The cost for the same consumption with the

2014 tariff applied is shown in red colour.

uilding Energy Performance


This is based on the ratio between the annual electricity consumption and the air



e average BEI, which is the annual BEI. The average annual BEI is around

Building Energy Index based on monthly electricity consumption

Jul-

12

Au

g-1

2

Se

p-1

2

Oct

-12

No

v-1

2

De

c-1

2

Jan

-13

Fe

b-1

3

Ma

r-1

3

Ap

r-1

3

Ma

y-1

3

Jun

-13

Jul-

13

Au

g-1

3

Electricity Cost per Month

Au

g-1

2

Se

p-1

2

Oct

-12

No

v-1

2

De

c-1

2

Jan

-13

Fe

b-1

3

Ma

r-1

3

Ap

r-1

3

Ma

y-1

3

Jun

-13

Jul-

13

Au

g-1

3

BEI calculated monthly

Energy Screening


thly electricity cost is shown in blue colour. The cost for the same consumption with the


This is based on the ratio between the annual electricity consumption and the air-



e average BEI, which is the annual BEI. The average annual BEI is around

Au

g-1

3

Se

p-1

3

Oct

-13

No

v-1

3

De

c-1

3

Au

g-1

3

Se

p-1

3

Oct

-13

No

v-1

3

De

c-1

3


Preliminary Findings

Based on the initial investigations in the preliminary audit the

been identified for further assessment in the detailed audit phase.

Building Envelope

The low CO2 levels indicate that there is a high amount of fresh air infiltration into the

building. The fresh air intakes in the AHU rooms are mostly closed, so the fresh air is

infiltrating through open doors, windows and leaks in the building envelope. Increasing

the air tightness on the building envelope could reduce the cooling load for the building

as well as the need for dehumidification. Potential measures are to seal leakages and

ensure doors are closed.

Open windows are often an indication that the room te

that some office room temperatures are as low as 19°C, and this could encourage

occupants to open the windows to allow warmer air in. This problem can be solved by

better air distributions in the air

temperatures to occur.

Some office rooms are found to have a high room temperature. These are mainly rooms

exposed to direct sunlight along the perimeter of the building. Installing shading devices

or better heat reflective film on th

sunlight.

Cooling

The cooling system is primarily based on chillers and AHUs providing centralised air

conditioning for specific zones. The system is based on constant air volume flow, which

does not control the air-distribution within each zone. Better distribution of air within

the zones will balance the temperature levels and avoid excessive cooling in parts of the

zone and reduce the problem with high temperatures in other parts of the zone. This

would in most cases lead to reduced cooling load for the AHUs and chillers. Installation

of dampers in the air ducting system can improve the air distribution.

The AHUs are providing a constant air

motors. Installation of variable speed drives would enable the fans to modulate the air

flow to the zone according the requirements. Improving efficiency of the fans and

motors will also leads to lower energy consumption.

The chillers are operated by staging the comp

compressor by frequency converter could improve the efficiency by operating the

compressors according to the required load.

The cooling tower fans are non

power consumption by installing variable speed drives on the fan motors or replacing

the fans and motors with new energy efficient models.

14

on the initial investigations in the preliminary audit the following measures have

been identified for further assessment in the detailed audit phase.

levels indicate that there is a high amount of fresh air infiltration into the





Open windows are often an indication that the room temperature is low. It was found



better air distributions in the air-conditioned zones, and thus avoiding the low



or better heat reflective film on the windowpanes can reduce heat radiation from direct

The cooling system is primarily based on chillers and AHUs providing centralised air


distribution within each zone. Better distribution of air within



uld in most cases lead to reduced cooling load for the AHUs and chillers. Installation

of dampers in the air ducting system can improve the air distribution.

The AHUs are providing a constant air-flow as there is no speed control on the fan

llation of variable speed drives would enable the fans to modulate the air


motors will also leads to lower energy consumption.

The chillers are operated by staging the compressors, whereas modulating the base


compressors according to the required load.

The cooling tower fans are non-modulated and there are opportunities for reducing the

onsumption by installing variable speed drives on the fan motors or replacing

the fans and motors with new energy efficient models.

Energy Screening

following measures have

levels indicate that there is a high amount of fresh air infiltration into the





mperature is low. It was found



us avoiding the low



e windowpanes can reduce heat radiation from direct

The cooling system is primarily based on chillers and AHUs providing centralised air-


distribution within each zone. Better distribution of air within



uld in most cases lead to reduced cooling load for the AHUs and chillers. Installation

flow as there is no speed control on the fan

llation of variable speed drives would enable the fans to modulate the air-


ressors, whereas modulating the base


modulated and there are opportunities for reducing the

onsumption by installing variable speed drives on the fan motors or replacing


Chilled water pumps are also not modulated and could be fitted with variable speed

drives, so the pumps are operated accor

As the whole cooling system is

replacement of parts of the chiller and AHU system is the best option for reducing the

energy consumption.

Lighting

The vast majority of lamps are ceiling recessed fluorescent tubes type T8

fluorescent lamp. These lamps can be replaced by either the more efficient T5 or LED

tubes/lamps, which will bring the energy consumption for lighting significantly down.

This will also lead to less heat load in the building, which will reduce the required

cooling load. New lamp technologies are also more long

requirement for maintenance.

Controlling the light usage by installation of motion and/or daylight sensor

can reduce the energy consumption for lighting in areas such as toilets, stairwells and

other infrequent used areas, where the light is switched on currently.

Summary

The above mentioned measures are to be analysed in more details during the detail

audit phase, in order to assess their potential savings and cost effectiveness.

Below is a table of the measures

ID Group

A1 Automation

B2 Building envelope

C1 Cooling

C2 Cooling

C5 Cooling

C6 Cooling

E1 Electricity

L1 Lighting

L2 Lighting

L3 Lighting

L5 Lighting

15


drives, so the pumps are operated according to the required pressure.

As the whole cooling system is 19 years old, it will be considered whether retrofitting or


ity of lamps are ceiling recessed fluorescent tubes type T8

. These lamps can be replaced by either the more efficient T5 or LED

, which will bring the energy consumption for lighting significantly down.

o lead to less heat load in the building, which will reduce the required

cooling load. New lamp technologies are also more long-lasting reducing the

requirement for maintenance.

Controlling the light usage by installation of motion and/or daylight sensor


other infrequent used areas, where the light is switched on currently.

The above mentioned measures are to be analysed in more details during the detail


of the measures that has been identified as potentials for the building.

Title Remarks

Control system

Decentralized automatic

AHUs/WCPs

Infiltration

Seal leakages, optimize entrance doors,

open/close

Air handling

Replacement of fans+blower, dampers,

air distribution

Chilled and condensed water

system Pumps, dynamic pressure

Resign of chillerplant Complete redesign.

Split units Replacement 1:1

Voltage stabilizer / cut off

control

Reduce voltage by 10%. Reduce standby

consumption

Occupancy sensor

Installation of sensors to reduce

operation

Offices, lighting Retrofit to energy efficient lighting

Outside lighting

Retrofit to energy efficient lighting and

change of operation

Retrofit in recessed ceiling


change of operation

Energy Screening


years old, it will be considered whether retrofitting or


ity of lamps are ceiling recessed fluorescent tubes type T8 and compact

. These lamps can be replaced by either the more efficient T5 or LED

, which will bring the energy consumption for lighting significantly down.

o lead to less heat load in the building, which will reduce the required

lasting reducing the

Controlling the light usage by installation of motion and/or daylight sensors and timers


The above mentioned measures are to be analysed in more details during the detailed


that has been identified as potentials for the building.

Decentralized automatic system for

Seal leakages, optimize entrance doors,

Replacement of fans+blower, dampers,

Pumps, dynamic pressure valves, etc

Complete redesign.

Reduce voltage by 10%. Reduce standby

sensors to reduce

Retrofit to energy efficient lighting


change of operation

efficient lighting and

change of operation


ID Group

L6 Lighting

L7 Lighting

O1 Others

O2 Others

O3 Others

W2 Water

16

Title Remarks

Staircases, lighting


change of operation

Toilets, lighting


change of operation

Compressed air

Reduce pressure according to the

requirement for the equipment

Escalators/lifts Moving sensors. Soft start.

Space management

Optimize interior design in regards to

AHU zones

Hot water Heat pumps or solar panels

Energy Screening


change of operation


change of operation

Reduce pressure according to the

requirement for the equipment

Moving sensors. Soft start.

Optimize interior design in regards to

Heat pumps or solar panels

Putra Specialist Hospital Melaka EA Screening Report...75100 Melaka Building Description and...

Documents

Transcript of Putra Specialist Hospital Melaka EA Screening Report...75100 Melaka Building Description and...