Pursanova Disk Technology

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 © 2015 The Copyright to this document is owned by Pursanova Ltd., Inc. No part of this document may be reproduced. 1/33 Pursanova Disk Use it in conjunction with the PursaLex Tube & the result will be amazing. Edited by: Jerry Carlson, of Renewable Farming A  p  e  s  s i  i   s  t   s  e  e  s  t  h  e  d i   f   f  i   c  u l   t   y i  n  e  v  e r  y  o  p  p  o r  t   u i   t   y .  A  o  p  t  i  m i   s  t   s  e  e  s  t  h  e  o  p  p  o r  t   u n i   t   y i   e  v  e r  y  d i   f   f  i   c  u l   t   y  Synopsis: Pursanova JV [Germany] has succeeded in measuring and storing the molecular oscilla tions of pollutants such as rust and lime. Starting from these natural oscillations Pursanova develops new active oscillations. The active oscillations are stored on a carrier material [P-Di sk™], which is capable of constantly emitting these oscillations into the water. This occurs without any external energy input; only energy supplied by environmental warmth is used. The water accepts/absorbs these oscillations and spreads them in the direction of its flow. The oscilla tions spread through the entire succeeding water column faster than the actual flow velocity of the water. That's the reason why this method also works well in  pipes which a re seldom or never u sed. In t he water, the active oscillations interfere with the natural oscillations [con·nat ·u·ral ] and alter the characteristics of substances. The result: The physical properties of substances contained in water (or other liquids) are modified. For example in the case of rust, oxygen no longer recognizes trival ent iron as such and hence no new rust is formed. 423 Broadway, Suite 125 | Millbrae, CA 94030 info@pursanova. com | www.pursanova.c om (650) 703-1265

description

This technology will address many issues, to name some, hard water, iron, bacteria, algae & marine growth, rust & corrosion, calcium carbonate & all soluble salts, biofouling, biofilm, hydrocarbon (upstream & downstream), drinking, industrial, waste & sea water. farms will also be able to use less water & improve pivot spraying. Reduce the use of any additives in farming or industrial environment.

Transcript of Pursanova Disk Technology

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    Pursanova Disk Use it in conjunction with the PursaLex Tube & the result will be amazing.

    Edited by: Jerry Carlson, of Renewable Farming

    A pessim

    ist sees the difficulty in every opportunity. An optim

    ist sees the opportunity in every difficulty

    Synopsis: Pursanova JV [Germany] has succeeded in measuring and storing the molecular oscillations of pollutants such as rust and lime. Starting from these natural oscillations Pursanova develops new active oscillations. The active oscillations are stored on a carrier material [P-Disk], which is capable of constantly emitting these oscillations into the water. This occurs without any external energy input; only energy supplied by environmental warmth is used. The water accepts/absorbs these oscillations and spreads them in the direction of its flow. The oscillations spread through the entire succeeding water column faster than the actual flow velocity of the water. That's the reason why this method also works well in pipes which are seldom or never used. In the water, the active oscillations interfere with the natural oscillations [connatural ] and alter the characteristics of substances. The result: The physical properties of substances contained in water (or other liquids) are modified. For example in the case of rust, oxygen no longer recognizes trivalent iron as such and hence no new rust is formed.

    423 Broadway, Suite 125 | Millbrae, CA 94030 [email protected] | www.pursanova.com

    (650) 703-1265

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    Existing scale eliminated in a lime slurry system

    Company: SouthWest Water and Northern Ireland Water, UK SouthWest Water supplies water to the entire southwest of England. Northern Ireland Water is responsible for all of Northern Ireland.

    Lime scale, as well as other salts and corrosion, can be found in almost any water. The main cause of scale is calcite, the most common form of calcium carbonate. It occurs naturally in

    chalk, limestone and marble. For every 0.24 (6mm) of lime scale buildup in a pipe, 40% more energy is needed to pump water.

    Most water produced or purified by water companies also involves adjusting the pH or acid-alkaline balance to fulfill system requirements. Its common to infuse the water with lime slurry, which is almost pure lime, to raise the pH. Lime slurry fouling causes multiple

    technical problems for water companies. Scale that constricts hoses or pipes also builds up in pumps and storage tanks. This leads to much lower pump efficiency and frequent pump breakdowns. Service teams must stand by to fix the problem 24/7, all year long. Often,

    hoses are used for slurry instead of metal pipes, because hoses are easier to replace.

    The picture at left shows a cross section of a pipe as it

    normally looks after a few days of operation. This example is from another British utility, Crownhill water works at Plymouth, UK. The picture was taken

    right before installation of the Pursanova Disk. The end of this pipe, about 180 meters downstream, looks the same as at this end, so it can be assumed that the

    full length is fouled. The Pursanova Disk shown in this report was installed at the feed valve just

    upstream of this pipe.

    After installing our new Pursanova Disk, which is made by Pursanova JV Company in Germany, scale didnt build up anymore (see image on left; the cross-

    section of this hose is totally clean). The company examined the end of the180-meter hose and found no further buildup. Pumps feeding the lime slurry got

    far less wear than before. Seals in the pumps are lasting longer and there are far fewer emergency breakdowns.

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    Lime scale water treatment

    Dissolved lime and other salts are found in almost every type of water. We commonly refer to lime scale as the primary cause of hard water. Depending on the amount of calcium carbonate, dissolved carbonic

    acid and water temperature, the minerals start to crystallize and deposit on pipe surfaces. In homes this is simply annoying in most cases, but

    mineral deposits cause substantial problems for technical applications. These deposits reduce heat transfer in heat exchangers and sharply lower efficiency of heating /cooling systems. Other

    symptoms are increasing pressure losses and decreasing flow rates. To reduce such deposits, water is processed chemically in many installations. But if great water quantities or very bad water are involved, this proves

    technically or economically impossible. Currently the Pursanova Disk is treating lime scale in several thousand industrial installations around the world. Our years of success prove how successful and reliable the Pursanova Disk is to avoid buildup of lime scale in pipes or

    machines. Experience with extremes such as water temperatures above 150C (302 F) in pressure lines, or water hardness far beyond 50 dH (1 dH is 17.9 ppm), show how powerful the Pursanova Disk is. After starting to use the Pursanova Disks, many customers find they can cut back sharply on chemical products, or not use them at all. An example would be a commercial dishwasher working without softener salt. Another is a big cooling loop, which now needs cleaning only once a year instead of every six weeks. NOTE: 1 milligram per liter (mg/L) is the equivalent of 1 part per million (ppm). Soft water is 3dH and 0 to 50 mg/L CaCo3; medium soft water is 3 to 6 dH and 50 to 100 mg/L CaCo3; slightly hard water is 6 to 12 dH and 100 to 200 mg/L CaCo3; moderately hard water is 12 to 18 dH and 200 to 300 mg/L CaCo3; hard water is over 18 dH and over 300 mg/L CaCo3.

    Term Grain/Gallon (gpg) Mg/Liter (ppm) Soft Less than 1.0 Less than 17.1

    Slightly Hard 1.0 to 3.5 17.1 to 60 Moderately Hard 3.5 to 7.0 60 to 120

    Hard 7.0 to10.5 120 to 180 Very Hard 10.5 & above 180 & above

    Heat exchanger coils: Left, with Pursanova Disk. Right, without.

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    Shower cubicles, valves and fittings

    Many shower cubicles are made of glass, and scaling makes a great

    mess of them. Pursanova Disks can help reduce the problem.

    When you are showering, hot water splashes against the shower

    cubicle walls. These droplets evaporate very quickly, leaving scale behind. In many homes, this scale must be wiped off directly after showering so that only minor stains occur.

    Using a Pursanova Disk (or a complete home system from Pursanova), far less deposit forms. Water on the shower wall flows away more quickly because of lower surface

    tension, so fewer droplets form. Some stains may still occur, but these can generally be removed easily with a sponge or cloth if you do this twice per week. It also helps to rinse shower cubicle walls immediately after showering with cold water run through a Pursanova Disk. The cold droplets evaporate less, reducing scale formation.

    Water treatment system

    More then 70% of our earth is covered by water. Unfortunately, only very little of this water can be used as drinking water without proper water treatment to clean and purify it. Water is an excellent solvent for all kinds of substances. When water comes in contact with minerals, it dissolves some of the minerals. This leads to water system scaling, corrosion and fouling.

    When water is used for industrial processes, it has to be treated to make it suitable for each kind of technical use. Often, water is part of a final product such as chemicals, and must be pure. This is especially critical when producing pharmaceuticals: Water should only hold the active substances and not be polluted by contaminants. Water used in cooling or heating systems must also be conditioned to avoid scaling and corrosion. These systems are one of the major applications for our Pursanova Disk. In utility systems, filtering to remove sediment-type impurities in the water ahead of treatment is a standard process. Chemical treatment after filtering is the most widely used method in many utility systems. The Pursanova Disk can make chemical treatment more efficient, and sometimes entirely replace the need for chemicals.

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    In technically demanding systems, where either water is very poor quality or the process itself causes problems, our customers tell us that chemicals arent producing the required

    quality of water. Were doing more and more of these difficult projects where the Pursanova Disk is able to deliver better results even when not using chemicals.

    Those results include more stable production with fewer unplanned shutdowns, less cleaning, and less wear or replacement of components. Major savings are often available where the Pursanova Disk often in conjunction with the PursaLex Tube can sharply

    reduce or eliminate water treatment chemicals. In many instances, weve seen new savings pay for all investments in Pursonava technology within six months or less.

    Pursanova expertise is available for a huge array of water treatment needs. This includes treating seawater, coping with algae or marine growth; even purifying water on board ships.

    We have case studies available for these applications showing how the installation was done and how monitoring and documentation was performed. In many cases, the client has provided followup data on investment returns.

    Cleaning up biological water pollution

    When talking about microbiological pollution of water, a distinction needs to be drawn between drinking water and technical water for industrial use. In the United States and Europe, drinking water supplied by public utilities usually adheres to strict regulations assuring its virtually free of microbiological pollution. But in huge and complex systems it can happen that bacteria such as legionella spread from parts of the

    system which have little water flow. These legionella can cause very dangerous diseases. Health authorities monitor this pollution in public buildings and mandate

    measures against it if necessary. Biofilm, or fouling from growth of algae, can occur in technical water, especially in open cooling systems. Microorganisms spawn in water and form a so-called biofilm on pipes and

    machines. This film inhibits heat transfer, and may even clog entire systems. Most of the time, chemical additives have little success in solving this problem, or the cost is very high. Pursanova technology is used successfully in many projects to fight algae in cooling systems. Because biological processes are persistent, it often takes a year or more until a system is entirely free from microbial or algae growth.

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    Biological water treatments are very complex and sensitive; they need extremely accurate planning and implementation because each one is unique. In most cases where weve

    installed a comprehensive Pursanova system, chemical treatment to inhibit microbial growth was no longer needed. When biological water pollution is finally defeated, savings can add up fast. Customers tell us their recovery of investment is normally less than three

    months after the system is clean and clear.

    Pitting - Corrosion

    Metal pipes are subject to corrosion, and typically theyll leak as the corrosion eats through

    them. This is often called pitting, though this term is not technically correct. Pitting occurs on metals from galvanic action

    electrical voltage when two different metals, e.g. copper and iron, come into electrical contact via touch or a conductive medium. Because of this

    corrosion, holes slowly develop, starting inside the pipe. To stop this conductive and corrosive activity, a section of brass must always be fitted between copper and iron pipes to prevent direct and avoid galvanic corrosion.

    Pursanova technology reduces or stops pitting caused by normal corrosion in metal pipes carrying water. Reduced corrosion in pipes extends their leak-free life.

    From more than a decade of industrial experience, Pursanova has proven able to reduce Microbiological Influenced Corrosion often called MIC in industry jargon. This includes

    significant reduction of corrosion from Sulfur Reducing Bacteria (SRB). Weve seen very good case studies with Pursanova technology against other kinds of biofilm or bio fouling.

    Of course Pursanova is not always able to prevent pitting, since strong chemical forces are at work. Thus its always advisable to install a particle filter, with the appropriate connective fittings, at the branch line entering the industrial site or home to prevent a

    reactive metal setting up galvanic action from the outside. There are other reasons for pitting as well, such as internal erosion from high velocity

    water movement, or corrosion from soil or chemicals outside the pipe. The Pursanova Disk has no effect on these external chemical forces.

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    Countering sulfur reducing bacteria

    Sulfur reducing bacteria (SRB) are common in nature. Theyre a source of the rotten egg gas or hydrogen sulfide odor in many water sources. Strains of such bacteria have been

    found in deep-sea volcanic fumaroles labeled black

    smokers or white smokers. Hot water flowing from these smokers is mineral-rich and sometimes more than 400C. The SRB live on elemental sulfur from these smokers,

    reducing the sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. Obviously, bacteria living in such a harsh environment will have a very high resistance against all kinds of treatment.

    SRB are becoming a bigger problem in polluted water, and are especially challenging in the oil and gas industry. Water coming up from wells with crude oil is separated and reused to

    maintain pressure in the wells. This recycled water spreads the SRB to all water in the system and theyre very hard to get rid of.

    In pipes such as those in oil wells and refineries, SRB attack the sulfide in metal surfaces and corrode them severely. This Microbiological Induced Corrosion can impose corrosion rates of well above 10 millimeters per year enough to eat through smaller pipes in less

    than a year.

    Desalination RO plant performance improved by using Pursanova Disk

    Fresh, clean water is extremely scarce in much of the world. In many regions, even deep-well water must be treated for use as drinking water. A general description for such water is a high content of Total Dissolved Solids or TDS. This can include calcium, iron and a

    wide array of elements. Water from wells in desert regions, or in systems where surface

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    water is recycled, can contain harmful levels of TDS. In such cases, Pursanova turns to our reverse osmosis (RO) systems to refine water for safe drinking or industrial uses. High

    concentrations of TDS typically create a series of high-maintenance challenges for any RO system, especially those with high volumes and high pressure. Some solids can be filtered ahead of the RO unit, but salts and other dissolved solids quickly foul the RO membranes.

    This requires higher and higher pressure at the supply side to overcome clogging of the membranes. For example, a Saudi Arabian company runs several of our RO systems to produce drinking

    water. Before our new Pursanova technology was installed for this firm, it was common to replace the initial sediment filter every week, and replace all membranes in their RO system every three months.

    The customer also relied on injection of

    expensive chemicals to slow, but not stop, the fouling. Our new Pursanova Disk technology was installed at one of the customers RO

    systems during a time in the maintenance cycle where the membranes were already partly blocked. Immediately, the decline of

    water production stopped and slowly began to increase indicating that membrane fouling had stopped.

    Another positive side effect: Bacterial counts in the finished water declined, and stabilized far below 100 CFU/ml, a safe level.

    Seeing stable results over several weeks, the customer quit adding chemicals to the water, saving a major expense. Over a years time, no further fouling of RO membranes occurred.

    No membrane replacements were needed. After confirming these results on the test RO system for more than a year, the customer added Pursanova Disks to all his RO systems.

    The customers return of investment (ROI) for the Pursanova Disk in this case was less than two months. No chemicals are needed, and production remains high. And of course, the lifetime of membranes throughout the RO system is far higher.

    Add another benefit: The customer saves substantial electricity because less pressure is needed to maintain production of clean RO water.

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    Molecular oscillation technology to reduce emitter clogging in trickle irrigation

    Trickle irrigation can save immense amounts of water, compared with sprinkler irrigation. But the tiny emitter nozzles of trickle systems can quickly clog with scale, leading to uneven application and higher pressure requirements. The Pursanova Disk can be installed

    on a trickle irrigation feed pipeline to reduce emitter clogging. Pursanova Disk technology works using specifically modulated molecular oscillations or

    lattice oscillations. It is not based on the use of fields created by electric coils or magnets, thus it requires no electricity at the point of use.

    One of our studies of reduced emitter clogging with the Pursanova Disk was performed in a

    field belonging to Isfahan University of Technology in Iran.

    We conducted two main treatments of irrigation water: with and without the Pursanova Disk. In addition, each of these treatments were subdivided into three levels of salinity in the irrigation water.

    At the 1% water salinity level, irrigation water treatment had a significant benefit on average emitter discharge: It was higher for water treated with the Pursanova Disk, compared with the untreated control. Average emitter discharge rates decreased during

    the experiment on both treated and untreated sides, but the decline was slower with the Pursanova Disk.

    At the 5% salinity level, the Pursanova Disk had a significant benefit on the distribution

    uniformity of emitters.

    Based on this and other studies, we recommend the Pursanova Disk to achieve lower emitter clogging and higher distribution uniformity in trickle irrigation systems.

    Simple, fast, reliable

    The Pursanova Disk (1) is installed around the water pipe (2). Micro-fine oscillations influence the water to dissolve more lime scale and break down rust so it can be flushed

    through the system. Due to altered properties of the water, very little new corrosion builds up. In some installations, existing scale and corrosion are dispersed, so piping

    gradually regains its original inner diameter. Pressure loss and repair work are minimized.

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    Lime scale and other salts treated

    Lime or calcium carbonate is dissolved in almost all water. Depending on hardness and temperature of the water, the calcium carbonate precipitates and deposits in pipes, machines

    and on surface areas. These deposits build up, resulting in clogged pipes and machine

    malfunctions. Even a thin scale of lime sharply reduces energy transfer in heat exchangers.

    Under normal conditions, the Pursanova Disk modifies lime in a way that keeps it dissolved in water up to very high temperatures (>100C) and concentrations. Lime and other salts are not removed from the water, but their properties are altered so they dont precipitate

    as quickly. We have treated water with 10,000 units or more of total dissolved solids, without getting scaling problems in the machine.

    Treating rust and corrosion

    Rust or iron oxide is often found in steel or iron pipe work, or systems with iron

    components. This leads to poor water quality, high maintenance costs, or premature failure of equipment.

    Rust its chemical formula is Fe2O3 is oxidized iron.

    Where iron pipes are used for water in industry and in some homes, brownish discoloration of water and pressure losses occur frequently as water and organisms in the water

    oxidize the pipes. Eventually, rust eats through the pipe and creates leaks. Under normal conditions, Pursanova technology can reduce or even totally stop less persistent

    forms of rusting. Rust particles are dissolved and flushed out; then a protective coating of black iron oxide (Fe3O4) forms on the iron surface.

    Operating conditions

    The Pursanova Disk is energized by ambient temperature differentials. However,

    oscillations created by the Pursanova Disk are subject to certain kinds of environmental

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    interference, such as strong electromagnetic pollution. Depending on intensity, these influences are capable of reducing or erasing the impact of a Pursanova Disk on water.

    Thus, Pursanova Disks must be installed with a clearance of at least 20 inches (50.8 centimeters) from any electric conductor.

    Measuring electrical fields at the point of installation is essential to ensure a Pursanova Disk is installed at the best position for optimum results.

    Monitoring water treatment performance

    We encourage clients to establish a trial period to confirm how the Pursanova Disk enhances the performance of your water system.

    Here are a few ways you can monitor performance of the Pursanova Disks in the trial

    and long-term as well.

    1. Analyze data from on-line monitoring built into your system.

    In many industrial applications, online monitoring makes it easy to compare performance before and after installation of a Pursanova Disk. For example, you may want to record flow rates to see if there is any scaling buildup or reduction in the network.

    We often measure pairs of systems, one with the Pursanova Disk and one without. They may not be the same size, but encounter the same problems. Example: In the left graph, the

    trend of flow rates in the untreated system is decreasing over time, indicating scaling buildup. On the right graph, flow rates of the treated system are stable or increasing.

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    2. Measure energy consumption

    A constricted pipeline increases counter-pressure, so a pump needs more energy to force the same rate of liquid through a pipe. You may be able to monitor energy variations on

    your systems electric meter, or measure amps at the motor with an electricians instruments.

    In a refinery where crude oil is heated to 400C, fouling in a heat exchanger can sharply raise total energy use. In the graph above, you can see a comparison of two energy consumption trends. The first shows seven months before installation of the Pursanova

    Disk. Fuel consumption per treated ton of gas condensate increased from 4.56 to 5.7 cubic meters of fuel gas per ton in the untreated system. The second graph shows seven months following installation. Fuel consumption per treated ton declined slightly, from 5.62 to 5.35

    cubic meters per ton. The savings in this large refinery have been more then 30,000 cubic meters of fuel gas a month when both systems were equipped with the Pursanova Disk. 3. Measure content of calcium or total iron in the water in a closed loop

    Ca mg/l CaO mg/l CaCO mg/l Without Pursanova Disk 1 2 0.03 With Pursanova Disk 18 25 0.44

    Doing a water analysis is a very easy and efficient way of checking whats going on in the water system. We do this whenever possible. Typically we check calcium or iron in the water. Its easier to read and interpret the values in a closed loop than in a big open loop.

    In a closed loop, any change in calcium or iron content gives a direct indication of treatment benefits. In an open system, new makeup water injects a big variable, so changes compared to total volume of water might be marginal.

    The table above shows the values of calcium in a closed loop before installing a Pursanova Disk, then eight weeks after the installation. We found a dramatic increase in all the values.

    No fresh water was added, so the higher dissolved calcium values had to originate from inside the system by dissolving scale deposits.

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    4. Measure improvements of inner volume in a heat exchanger Primary [Liter] Secondary [Liter] Theoretical 10.8 14.8 Before 9.0 4.5 After 10.8 13.0 Some heat exchangers cant be opened for cleaning. Water can be drained or added, but their welded construction prevents a thorough cleanout. These are typically small units. In

    this test case, we measured how much water we could fill in an already blocked and scaled heat exchanger. Since we knew the manufacturers specified water capacity of the unit when new, the difference between that value and the amount of water we could add would

    be the assumed volume of built-up scale. As the table above shows, the difference between the original spec and current actual

    volume was drastic, especially on the secondary side. The unit was designed to hold 14.8 liters on the secondary side, but could accept only 4.5 liters. More than 10 liters of its capacity was blocked by deposited scale.

    A Pursanova Disk was installed, and the exchanger was operated normally for two weeks. Then we drained the water and again measured how much replacement water it would

    hold. The primary side could hold the original specified new volume again, indicating it was totally clean. On the secondary side, where far more scaling was found, most of the scale was lifted off the internal surfaces after just two weeks with the Pursanova Disk.

    5. Find total dissolved solids in an open water loop

    Measuring the cleanup of a seriously fouled open loop system is more difficult, whether youre fighting rust, calcium scale or biomass buildup. Initially, the water content of total

    dissolved solids may increase, then gradually fall as the Pursanova Disk removes encrustations. The theoretical chart above shows that your data may not be smoothly

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    linear, but somewhat erratic as the system gradually gets cleaner. In a fouled system, patches of encrustations can break loose, pushing up TDS values for a while. But the longer

    term trend is down until reaching a stable level far lower than during the original descaling readings. In such open loops, regular maintenance typically drains and replaces the solution, which flushes out dissolved metals and minerals.

    6. Visual inspection Many customers prefer visual inspection of their systems before and after installation of the Pursanova Disk. Seeing

    is believing. Of course, many parts arent visually accessible, and production must be stopped, so visual inspection typically

    occurs during planned maintenance. Remotely controlled scopes which can be inserted in pipes are helpful to check internal

    lines. We can recommend other measures of performance, depending on the application.

    PURSANOVA Disk sizes and availability

    PURSANOVA Disks are available from sizes starting at inch up to 80 inches. Sizes up to 24 inches are constantly on stock and can be shipped in one week. Starting from 8 inches and bigger, Pursanova Disks are available only as HCI (High Capacity) Disks. There are different models of Pursanova Disks for different applications and flow rates. In several projects, Pursanova has treated flow rates well above 20,000 cubic meters per hour. For larger devices, particularly for industrial applications, please contact us directly with a description of your application.

    Pursanova Disks in hotels

    Youve probably noted during your hotel stays that hotels are very concerned about water

    quality for their guests. They try to maintain a high standard regardless of their local municipal water sources.

    Hotel managers must also consider water performance in their kitchens, heating and ventilating systems, pools and laundry.

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    Many of our hotel clients face problems in more than one of these areas:

    Corrosion If the hotels local water is rather soft, then corrosion of the pipes or tanks is a big issue. If a

    guest stays in an expensive hotel and sees brown water in the tub or sink, he or she will not be pleased.

    Scaling If there is calcium in the water, the problem of lime buildup in showers, tubs and sinks generates more time and expense for cleanup. More cleaning agents are required and the

    lifetime of a shower head is reduced. Weve helped hotels with such serious calcium problems that they had to replace all shower heads twice a year.

    Microorganisms All hotels fear having bacteria like legionella in the water. They exert a lot of effort to avoid an accident with water-borne bacteria, which can give them a bad reputation and expose

    them to liability. The Pursanova Disk is able to solve all the above problems. Over the years, weve equipped

    about 100 hotels around the world with our water quality technology. This includes applications from solving a problem in one machine or area, through equipping for all

    water treatment of the entire hotel. Here are a few of the international 5-star hotels who are our honored customers. We list

    them in alphabetic order: Accor Group, Balboa Bay Club, Four Seasons, Grand Hotel Bad Ragaz, Hayman Island

    Resort, Le Meridien, Maritime, Mariott, Novotel, The Oberoi, Renaissance Hotel Group, The Ritz Carlton, Sofitel, The Threadneedles Hotel, Van der Valk Group.

    Typical applications are: Drinking water, where we install

    Pursanova technology right at the water supply to protect the piping, hot water boiler and circulation pump system.

    Kitchen, where we take care of all facilities

    such as the dishwasher, critical for sparkling plates and other dining tableware.

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    Laundry, to stop scale in the washing machine and assure clean towels, tablecloths and other items. Customers often find they can reduce detergents as much as 50 % in

    washing machines, and totally eliminate descaling additives. Managers tell us that towels washed in Pursanova treated water are softer, as less calcium residue is left in the fabric. Also, theres less scaling at washing machine shaft seals and valves, which

    increases machine life. Swimming pool, to stop scaling and reduce chemicals required for treating pool water. Golf course, where we treat the irrigation system. Heating, ventilating and cooling systems, where we treat the chiller, the cooling

    tower or the supply system of cold water. Wellness area, where we treat various issues such as steam generators for the steam

    bath. Gardens, where we treat the irrigation system or fountains. There are many more applications weve solved in the hotel industry. If you have questions,

    or an application to be solved, please contact us at [email protected].

    Dishwasher at home or professional dishwasher tunnels

    In areas with very hard water, mineral deposits

    build on inner surfaces of dishwashers unless water is treated or other appropriate measures are taken. Some units provide a small container

    for adding a chemical to soften the water. Large commercial dishwashers normally specify

    treated water. But we see many commercial and smaller systems with scale buildup. This occurs mostly where theres lighter flow and less water abrasion. Getting rid of this scale, which can harbor bacteria, requires cleaning the

    interior using aggressive chemicals. The Pursanova Disk helps keep calcium carbonate dissolved in the water, so less scale or none at all precipitates in these machines. Typically, this allows users to cut dishwasher detergent as much as 50%. And its frequently possible to eliminate descaling additives entirely. We have customers who have run commercial dishwashers without additives for years, without any scaling in the machine.

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    Scaling in Washing machines

    In areas with very hard water, which is used untreated in the washing machine, there are often found scale deposits at the inner surfaces of these, if appropriate measures are not taken. Detergents to avoid this scaling are added to most washing machines.

    Under normal conditions, Pursanova maintains the calcium carbonate in the water so far less scale, or no scale at all, is precipitated and deposited in these machines. This results in savings in detergent of up to 50 % on washing machines and it is frequently possible to do without descaling additives entirely. Customers report that clothing washed in the machine is softer, as less calcium is be left in the fabric. Also, scaling that typically occurs at the seal shafts and valves of washing machines is significantly less. That increase the machine life and reduces the need of servicing.

    Swimming pools (Algae & Bacteria)

    Algae often proliferate in open systems such as

    water tanks, fountains, ponds and swimming pools. Its an especially difficult problem in warmer surroundings.

    The problem in swimming pools begins when untreated, very hard water deposits scale on the

    walls and bottom. The scale provides an initial habitat for algae and other microbial life. The scale

    encrustations in a swimming pool show up first along the evaporation edge of the surface.

    (See the white horizontal band above the surface of the pool in the nearby photo.) These can be hard to remove. But under normal conditions, Pursanova technology removes this

    scale and keeps it from recurring. Usually, minor scale residues can be simply wiped off. The Pursanova system changes water in a way that sharply reduces or eliminates algae buildup. Often, customers can use only half of the chlorine which they once needed.

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    Cooling tower water treatment

    Massive evaporative cooling towers are used to chill the recycled cooling water for power plants. Water is sprayed onto the top surfaces of the tower. As it flows down, air evaporates some of the water, chilling the remaining water so it can be recycled to cooling the heat

    exchangers inside the steam generation system. Often, such towers develop scaling or algae growth, even when water is chemically treated.

    Our Pursanova system is being used very successfully in such cooling towers. We work with many size towers, from small units cooling a single machine up to batteries of massive towers for big industrial complexes or power plants.

    The primary way we manage this is by keeping more calcium carbonate in solution. This causes a substantial drop in scaling on tower surfaces.

    An algae buildup can foul the entire cooling loop. The Pursanova Bio Disk is also able to

    significantly slow the growth of algae. Rather then multiplying, algae blooms gradually turn brown and settle into the systems sump pumps for removal.

    We have many successful Pursanova Disk systems where cooling towers and their connected heat exchangers are not fouling anymore. Also, corrosion is stopped or reduced to a very low level. There are very few algae found mainly at parts of the cooling tower

    without a constant flow of water and theyre no longer reducing efficiency.

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    Enhancing performance of small steam generators

    Small steam generators with a capacity of around 5 to 20 kilograms of steam per hour are used for many applications such as steam baths. One major

    application is to humidify air, such as in a paper or tobacco production facility. These generators heat the water, and steam is piped to where its needed. Fresh

    replacement water is automatically fed into the heating chamber. Often a small steam generator is the only machine in the business requiring treated water.

    In such steam generators, deposits of lime and other

    solids form thick layers of scale quickly. The normal maintenance procedure is to shut down and cool the generator, open it and clean manually using a lot of

    chemicals. Investing in an ion exchanger or chemical water treatment is often not economical; its done only when the water is very bad.

    Pursanova has equipped many such machines. (See also our case study about fitness clubs.) When a Pursanova system is installed on steam generators where expended steam is replaced by fresh water, very little scale will form, even if the water supply has

    concentrations of dissolved solids. If some scale does coat internal surfaces, its soft and can be easily removed during normal servicing no need for aggressive chemicals.

    In companies with several steam generation machines, those treating the feed water with a Pursanova Disk or combination of the Disk and PursaLex Tube generally require about 50% less overall service time and expense.

    Cleaning scale and algae in a fountain and saving a lot of effort City of Berlin, Germany

    In big public water fountains, substantial amounts of water

    evaporate daily and must be replaced by fresh water. Typically, the evaporation intensifies the concentration of dissolved solids, which precipitate on fountain surfaces. The

    deposits show up first at points with the fastest evaporation.

    BEFORE

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    Its also common to find algae blooms in such fountains, despite addition of chemicals to the water. Cleaning a

    big fountain is costly. High-pressure cleaners and strong chemicals are typically used. For some ornate and large European fountains with carved artwork, annual

    cleanings add up beyond 10,000 euros a year. Such fountains involve both lime scaling and biological growth challenges. This is one

    reason we developed the Pursanova Bio Disk. Our Bio Disk was installed in the

    recirculation pipe of the Berlin fountain pictured at left. The water gets recirculated and thus treated

    many times a day. After our installation, no further chemicals were used. Results appeared quickly.

    On the red granite tiers with overflowing water, all surfaces with a

    constant flow of water became free of scale without any other cleaning.

    In many open fountains, a lot of biomass like leaves, bird droppings and pollen get mixed into the water. These accelerate algae growth. Where there is a constant nutrient load like

    this, the Pursanova Bio Disk probably wont totally stop emergence of new algae. But in fountains weve treated, most of the algae blooms typically last only a few days, turn brown and settle to the bottom.

    These residues are easily flushed out by draining the fountain and spraying surfaces with a water hose or pressure washer. Typically, the required time for cleaning such a fountain

    equipped with a Pursanova Bio Disk is less than half that it was before. Also, the Pursanova system totally eliminates costs for chemicals and the dosing systems used to inject them periodically. Water in the fountains is clearer, more appealing and chemical-free for

    visitors, who often splash in the water at these public sites.

    BEFORE

    AFTER

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    Scale in washing machine and dishwasher due to hard water Company: Divani Hotel Group, Greece

    The Divani Hotel Group has business hotels in cities,

    plus tourist hotels along the coastlines of Greece. The photo at left shows one of their large laundry

    systems. Lime scale accumulated in the washing drums, forcing an expensive cleanup with labor and chemicals twice a month.

    Lime scale also built up in the hotels dishwashers, requiring monthly chemical cleaning. Two Pursanova Disks were installed around the cold and hot water supply lines to the dishwashers and washing machines in this hotel.

    Here are results reported to us by hotel managers:

    Dishwashers no longer need extra chemical cleaning. No new lime scale develops on the inner surfaces.

    In the laundry washing machines, lime scale stopped accumulating, and existing deposits started to soften. The washing machines never had to be cleaned chemically again.

    After the first positive experiences, no more fabric softener was used, and laundry came out as soft as it had with the softener chemicals. New towels became soft after

    the first washing, and can be used right away instead of having to be washed at least twice before the fabric softens enough for guest use.

    Brown drinking water from the tap We find that carbon steel pipes or galvanized steel pipes are still used in older water

    systems. These corrode and emit brown, rusty water. This often shows up if there has been no water flow for some time, such as several weeks. If the brown water flushes out quickly,

    theres little concern as these are minor corrosion spots.

    But if brown water persists every morning, and leaves stains on sinks or other bathroom fixures, this indicates serious corrosion

    in the water system.

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    A Pursanova Disk can probably help, although it cant stop galvanic corrosion caused by

    mixed metals in the pipes and plumbing; this is a very aggressive form of corrosion. Old and impure metals in piping can also be difficult to deal with. Also, some well water contains large amounts of rust from the soil or well casing.

    But in most cases, the reason for this corrosion is only corrosive water, or extended times where water is not used. In these situations, the Pursanova Disk offers next to a 100%

    chance of solving the brown water problem. There are very easy ways to verify success of the Pursanova Disk. You can easily take a

    series of water samples in plastic bottles, as seen in the nearby photo. The bottles should be of the same type and size, and should be closed after taking the sample.

    Before installation of the Pursanova Disk, take samples from both the hot water tap and cold water tap, so you can learn if both hot and cold water have a problem. Take the first sample after the tap has been unused a day or two. Then, run some water for a few seconds

    and take further samples to get an idea of how fast the rust is flushed out. Repeat this for both hot and cold so you have a series of samples. Put the bottles in a row in the order they were sampled, and you can easily see if the water color lightens up as rust is flushed out.

    Keep the untreated water samples for comparison, and repeat this procedure after installing the Pursanova Disk (or a complete Pursanova system).

    Another simple check: Fill a sink and observe the water color. A white sink is best for this test. As you upgrade your system, repeat the observation under the same light conditions.

    In more complex installations like big apartment buildings, hotels or hospitals, Pursanova does such visual inspections and also documents our own laboratory analysis of iron

    content in the water. We have hundreds of industrial cases where we brought corrosion under control and reduced the corrosion rate to less then two millimeters per year.

    Millimeters per year (MPY) is a common U.S. standard to describe the corrosion rate in a pipe or other metallic surface. MPY - Mils per year or MPY is used to give the corrosion rate in a pipe, a pipe system or other metallic surfaces. To calculate the material loss or weight loss of a metal surface, there is a formula using the type of metal, the size of the sample area and the time of exposure, giving the value of mils per year. The expression MPY is mostly used in the United States. One Mil is equal to one thousandth of an Inch. (In metric expression, one MPY equals 0.0254 millimeters per year.)

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    In an open water system, a corrosion rate of around 1 MPY is normal. If your system has a corrosion rate of around 10 MPY, you should take action. With corrosion rates of 20 MPY and above, you should be very concerned, as the corrosion is eating the metal rather fast. Based on our experience from several hundred successfully solved cases, weve usually cleared brown water caused by light corrosion within 6 to 8 weeks or less. Investing in the

    Pursanova Disk could save you a lot of money compared with the cost of replacing a plumbing system.

    Cooling water systems Company: Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia

    Saudi Aramco is a government-owned company. Its the worlds largest crude oil producer, with the worlds largest proven crude oil and natural gas reserves making it the worlds

    most valuable company. With almost 60,000 employees, Aramco pumps from more than 250 oil and gas fields. The

    firm also operates a series of refineries such as the one at Riyad, where weve installed our Pursanova technology. This refinery was commissioned in 1981 and normally refines more than 100,000 barrels of crude daily.

    The cooling water system has a central cooling tower fed by a pipe network several kilometers long. The refinery has almost 300 heat exchangers, plus supporting pumps and

    control units. The total one-time water capacity in the system is around 5,500 cubic meters. Feed water for the cooling system is high in total dissolved solids: about 2,000 TDS. The evaporative or blowdown side has around 5,000 TDS, all of which indicates heavy fouling

    and scaling. The refinery schedules a planned maintenance shutdown every three years. During shutdowns, most of the heat exchangers on the water supply side are opened and inspected. Usually, heavy fouling and scaling is found in tubes and outer shell, plus the inlet and outlet pipes. Also, corrosion is a serious issue at some places. Cleaning is expensive: Workers must disassemble the heat exchanger, clean it chemically and physically, and re-assemble it with any new parts needed. The first trail with the Pursanova Disk was done at a few of the most critical heat exchangers which were designed to allow opening and checking the results during regular operation.

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    The two top pictures at left (marked before) show how inlets

    of the heat exchanger tubes normally look after scale buildup from the waters heavy load of

    dissolved solids. Corrosion and mud particles are found as well. The two bottom pictures at left

    were taken after six months of operation with the Pursanova Disk installed. They show a more

    general view of the inlet and outlet ends of one path (one set of tubes)

    of this 6-path heat exchanger. Internal surfaces and the surrounding shell were totally clean. No scale, fouling or trace of

    corrosion could be found. On the lower right photo, you can see a pile of sludge, which indicates that the sacrificial anode was effective. When taking these pictures, there was no mechanical cleaning done. We simply recorded the picture and closed the heat exchanger

    again, as a baseline to see if the Pursanova Disk would remove existing fouling. After seeing results in this Pursanova-treated heat exchanger, company managers broadened our test. We installed similar Pursanova Disk systems on another 50 heat

    exchangers. Then after several months of operation, the heat exchangers were opened for cleaning during a scheduled shutdown. The evidence was very clear: The Pursanova-treated exchangers were either totally clean, or far cleaner than untreated ones.

    The Pursanova Disk was installed on the U-shaped water feed line. To confirm its effect,

    pictures where taken upstream and downstream of the Pursanova Disk. (The Pursanova

    Disk effects only the water downstream of the water flow past the Disk.) The photos show

    that the upstream, untreated pipe still has fouling and scale. Downstream of the Pursanova Disk, all scale is gone.

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    The two photos below show the difference more clearly. Left photo: Upstream from the

    Pursanova effect, the pipe is still scaled and corroded. Right photo: Downstream, its clean and free of corrosion.

    The picture at right shows the disassembled header of a heat exchanger after several

    months of operating downstream of a Pursanova Disk. When this header was dropped onto a truck for transporting to a cleaning shop,

    all the scale and fouling fell to the bottom. No scale clung to the surfaces, and no corrosion was seen. The company found that periodic

    cleaning of heat exchangers in Pursanova-treated systems has been very easy. Theres no need of aggressive chemicals. In most cases the

    mud and debris can be removed with a simple high-pressure washer. After this extended trial, we discussed several ways forward with the company. The

    ultimate goal: Treat the entire cooling system with Pursanova technologies, including the Pursanova Disk. The project is divided into four phases spread over three years. When all evidence is gathered from this project, the company will know if its possible to lengthen

    the service cycles for the heat exchangers on the water side. Keeping the refinery in operation more days without shutdowns can add large amounts of revenue to the company!

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    Energy saving steam boiler - less downtime

    Company: MPOB Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia About the customer The Malaysian Palm Oil Board is a national organization of the government of Malaysia to support and promote palm oil plantations and use of palm oil products. Palm oil is used locally for cooking, and the food industry uses it in processed food products. The Board sponsors Centers of Excellence where researchers test new technology that could improve palm oil plantations and processing mills. Malaysia is the global technology leader in palm oil. As Malaysian plantations crowd existing land, the industry is expanding into Indonesia. In each mill there is a steam boiler with capacity to produce 20 to 40 cubic meters of water per hour into steam. Steam is used for power generation and in the refining process of the palm fruits or seeds. Steam is used to cook the seeds and separate the desirable seed from the unwanted covering husk. Palm oil mills are located all over the country. The Problem Because palm mills are located in many remote areas, they rely on a wide variety of water sources for steam boiler feed water: Surface water, water from reservoirs, or ground water. In most of these steam boilers, corrosion and scaling is never brought really fully under control. Thick encrustations are a costly headache as they interfere with heat transfer.

    The solution Pursanova got the chance to do a 12-month case study monitored closely by the Palm Oil Board in one mill to see if the Pursanova Ring is able to improve source water quality and save money. We installed just one 4-inch Pursanova Disk at the feed line of the boiler. To assure that this was the only change, the mill continued chemical treatment of the water. The result and findings Over the 12-month trial, the customer found that the five types of chemicals used could be reduced 15% to 55% with less scale and corrosion. This alone contributed to big savings. After 12 months, the scheduled annual cleaning was far easier, faster and with less manpower because encrustations were very soft compared to buildup before installing the Pursanova Disk. Also, the Board determined that there was more efficient steam generation due to fewer deposits on boiler tubes and in the heat drum, for improved heat transfer.

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    Closed cooling water systems

    There are two main types of cooling water systems. In an open cooling water system, water is cooled either in a cooling tower with atmospheric air, or by using a fresh supply of stream water, well water or seawater. In the closed cooling water loop we will describe here, the water is cooled by a chiller or another heat exchange method. No makeup water is added; the same water is continually recirculated. Technically its easier to assure water quality in a closed loop system than in an open system. Closed loop systems are essential when the supply water must be so cool that its difficult to chill enough with open-source water such as well water. Also there are many systems where heat exchangers are so valuable, or continuous performance is so critical, that the owner cant risk fouling or blockage due to uncertain water quality from an open loop. For example, a large ship could easily use seawater directly for cooling, but the risk of scaling within the engine is far too high. Thus a closed loop is chosen. Corrosion is the biggest issue in a closed cooling loop. We see many cases where customers have problems with corrosion in spite of extensive chemical treatment. Corrosion creates several problems in the closed loop. Rust breaks loose and is transported by water into parts of the system where it can cause blockage or malfunctions. Mold can build up a closed loop, blocking the heat exchange channels. Performance quickly degrades. When installing Pursanova Disks, we analyze the water, especially for iron content. When starting a project, we often find the iron content is far above 10 parts per million. Pursanova Disks are installed at the most efficient points, depending on the size of the chilled cooling water loop. Often, this is directly upstream of the chiller itself. In a big system like a shopping mall or large apartment building, we have to install several Pursanova Disks throughout the chilled water system path. After installation, Pursanova technicians check the quality of the recirculating water to measure results. That includes content of iron and other minerals, as well as examining water turbidity and color. Usually we find the water almost totally clear, with iron content stabilized below two parts per million. Most of our customers stop using anti-corrosion chemicals after seeing these reports and the quality of the water. The return on investment normally is less then one year, counting only the savings on chemicals and reduced maintenance,.

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    The picture to the right shows a heat exchanger tube bundle from a chiller where the supply water is an open system cooled in a cooling tower. You can see a lot of scale and fouling coating the tubes. This is the open side of the cooling loop, connected to a cooling tower (where the debris is coming from.) Inside the tubes, the cooled water is protected by a Pursanova Disk. Internal the water is flowing and perfectly clean.

    Hot water pump four weeks after installation Same pump 10 weeks after installation

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    Scale in ships

    The Queen Elizabeth II and the Queen Mary II are famous as first-class luxury cruise liners. Queen Elizabeth II was retired from ocean passenger service in 2008 and is docked in Dubai. Queen Mary II, operated by Cunard Lines, is crossing the Atlantic from Southampton to New York regularly during summer. In winter, she cruises in the southern hemisphere. There is a lot of drinking water needed on these ships. Queen Mary II has a capacity of 2,600 passengers and a crew of 1500. In addition there are three swimming pools on board. This water has to be produced at sea because it would be impossible to carry enough water for all the people on extended voyages. The Queen Mary II converts sea water with six banks of evaporators, each with a capacity of 3,000 liters an hour. The common problem on such systems is buildup of scale, reducing performance of the evaporators. Salt and lime scale from the seawater reduce heat transfer and constrict water flow. Problem: The ships were experiencing increased energy cost to operate the evaporators, and output of fresh water was reduced. Also, the company was using a lot of chemicals to try to keep the evaporator clean. Solution: A 1-inch high capacity & 1.25 inch high capacity Pursanova Disk Disk was fitted on the cold water supply to the evaporator and one on the supply to the water clarifier. Results: After only 12 weeks of operation the ship experienced an increase in fresh water production. When engineers opened the evaporation chamber inspection cover, the results were amazing.

    Comments: The Disk was purchased and to our knowledge the components have not been replaced due to scale buildup.

    Evaporator 12 weeks after installation Evaporator befre installation of

    Pursanova Disk

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    Installation of Pursanova Disk in technical (industrial) applications PLEASE NOTE: The device you are going to install is a high-tech product. Please handle with care and protect from physical impact such as dropping. Keep the Disk away from contact with oil, chemicals, splashing water and strong electrical fields. To select the correct place for installation, please follow installation instructions carefully. (1) Clean pipe thoroughly with a dry cloth. (2) Put five to six layers household plastic wrap (any shrink-wrap) around the pipe. (3) Wrap enough tape around the pipe and the plastic to make the Disk fits snugly. Please make sure the Pursanova Disk will fit totally tight! No gap, even a small one, must remain.

    (4) Fit the Pursanova Disk according to the Installation Guidelines. (5) Wrap another 5 to 6 layers of plastic shrink wrap around the Pursanova Disk and the pipe to protect it. The purpose is to protect the Pursanova Disk against impacts and corrosive moisture. See the photos on the next page for an example of an installation on a large pipe.

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    (6) Tighten one or two strong tie-wraps on each side of the Disk to hold it in place and to reinforce the sealing tape. This Installation protects the PURSANOVA Disk against externals, like splash water, dirt, dust or rain. But this has to be done securely so no condensate is allowed underneath the cover. (7) If the Pursanova Disk is installed outside, open to the weather, add a second protection layer which will be completely watertight and resist degradation from sunlight.

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    Other examples of Pursanova Disk installations

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    Pursanova Disk