PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION If you were to design an efficient breathing system, what would the...
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PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION
If you were to design an efficient breathing system,
what would the requirements be?
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'I lived in an iron lung for seven years'By John Prestwich for CNN
Monday, November 14, 2005 Posted: 1600 GMT (0000 HKT)
CNN) -- John Prestwich was diagnosed with polio at the age of 17 in 1955, which made him paralyzed from the chin down. He has spent 50 years on an artificial ventilator, including seven in an iron lung.
Iron lungs work on negative pressure. In other words the iron lung is sealed and attached to bellows, which lower the air pressure inside the iron lung to create a negative pressure
http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/11/10/john.prestwick/
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PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION
If you were to design an efficient breathing system,
what would the requirements be?
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What would a machine need to do?
• Collect new air• Get rid of old air• Hold/store air• Connect to body via transportation system
(circulatory system)
FUNCTION: move oxygen from the outside
environment into the body remove carbon dioxide from the body
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1.External respiration
2.Internal respiration
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RESPIRATIONExternal= breathing Internal
Between environment and lungs
Between blood and cell
http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html
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EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
AKA- BREATHING
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RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Bronchi
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TRACHEA
TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR
Bronchioles
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DIAPHRAGMDome-shaped muscle attached to rib cage that contracts& flattens out during breathing
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Observe what happens to the
diaphragm.
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Breathing – The Lungs
• Breathing animation video• http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf
Pay attention to the role of the ribcage and the diaphragm and how these creates a pressure difference so breathing can take place.
"nature hates a vacuum" http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html
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BREATHING
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Breathing in - inhaling
• Rib cage– expands
• Diaphragm– moves downward
• Pressure– reduces inside lung
• Result – air is drawn into the lungs
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Breathing out - exhaling
• Rib cage– contracts
• Diaphragm– moves upward / inward
• Pressure– increases inside lung
• Result – air is pushed out of the lung
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1.External respiration
2.Internal respiration
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RESPIRATIONExternal Internal
Between environment and lungs
-inhale -exhale
Between blood and cell
http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html
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RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Bronchi
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RESPIRATORY
TRACT
Bronchi
Epiglottis
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TRACHEA
TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR
Bronchioles
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AlveoliCO2 and O2 exchanged at the same
time
pulmonary artery
(deoxygenated blood)
Pulmonary vein
(oxygenated blood)
bronchioles
alveolus
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bronchioles
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0Respiration Video
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TRACHEA
TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR
Bronchioles
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Air Composition
Inhaled air
Nitrogen N2 – 79%
Oxygen O2 – 20%
CO2 – 0.04%
Others - 0.96%
Exhaled air
Nitrogen N2 – 79%
Oxygen O2 – 16%
CO2 – 4%
Others - 1%
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INTERNAL RESPIRATIONAKA CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Between blood and cell
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Breathing – The Alveoli
• Diffusion– The movement of gas from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration.
http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html
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DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION
http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html
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Gaseous exchange requires:
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HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Large surface millions of alveoli
• Thin Epithelium 2-cell layer• Ventilation maintains
diffusion gradient
• Capillary network concentration gradient
favors diffusion
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Gaseous Exchange
Alveoli – Capillary Interface
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Breathing – The Alveoli
O2
O2 O2
O2
O2 CO
2
CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
Breathing in Breathing outhigh concentrationof oxygen
high concentrationof carbon dioxide
low concentrationof oxygen
low concentrationof carbon dioxide
Diffusion
To the heart
From the heart
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Thin membrane between
air and bloodMoist surface areaPermeable membrane between air and blood
Large surface areaAssociation with rich blood supply
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RespirationFood + Oxygen CO2 + water + ENERGY
Glucose + O2 CO2 + water + ENERGY
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ENERGY
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
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Cell Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO6CO22 + 6H2O + Energy
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http://sdfs.ucps.k12.nc.us/images/Lungs.htm
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Content
•Be able to label the mains parts of the respiratory system.•Know the gases in the air.•Know the percentages of the gases in inhaled air.•Know the percentages of the gases in exhaled air.•Know where gas exchange takes place•Understand the term diffusion•Understand the role of diffusion in the exchange of gases in the lungs•Explain how the alveoli have developed to allow for the exchange of gases.•Understand the structures involved in the breathing process.•Understand the role of pressure in the breathing process.•Describe how the composition of the blood changes as it passes through the lungs•Know the structures affected, causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment of various breathing disorders.
Study Guide: Grade 8 Science – Breathing and Respiration
Vocabulary
MouthEpiglottisLarynx
PharynxTracheaBronchusBronchioleAlveolus
CapillariesDiaphragm
ThoraxAbdomen
PneumoniaAsthma
BronchitisCancer
EmphysemaGlucoseNitrogenOxygen
Carbon DioxideInhaleExhale
Respiration
Note: Electronic copy saved in Student Resources Folder
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