Classification of Matter Matter Flowchart Pure Substances Mixtures.
Pure Substances vs. Mixtures - WordPress.com · 10/2/2017 · Mixtures A mixture is comprised of...
Transcript of Pure Substances vs. Mixtures - WordPress.com · 10/2/2017 · Mixtures A mixture is comprised of...
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Pure Substances vs.
Mixtures
Using the characteristic
properties of substances to
separate mixtures
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Characteristic Properties
What are some characteristic properties of
substances?
Appearance
Odor
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Heat Capacity, Heat of Fusion, Heat of
Vaporization
Magnetic
Solubility
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Solubility
Will something dissolve in something else?
Will sugar dissolve in water?
Will sugar dissolve in ethanol?
Solvent- the substance that is doing the
dissolving
Water is universal solvent
Solute- what is being dissolved
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Pure Substances
How do we define the word “pure?”
unmixed with any other matter
The simplest of pure substances are
elements.
Elements cannot be broken down into
simpler substances.
A single particle of an element is
called an atom.
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Pure Substances
Elements can be combined through
chemical reactions to form compounds.
We can use the word molecule for particles
of compounds.
Compounds are pure substances because
they contain only type of molecule.
Compounds must be separated by chemical
means and cannot be separated by physical
means.
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Pure Substances
The most famous compound:
WATER
H2O
What evidence do you have
that the formula is H2O?
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Hoffman Apparatus
A Hoffman Apparatus is
used to break down
water into hydrogen and
oxygen gas. A chemical
reaction must take place
to do this and it
happens because of the
electricity that is applied
to the water.
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Mixtures
A mixture is comprised of two or more pure
substances.
Composition can be described as variablemeaning the substances composing a mixture can
be combined in any amount.
Example: saltwater can be made of one grain of salt in
a gallon of water or a cup of salt in a gallon of water.
Mixtures can be separated by physical means
because the substances that are mixed keep their
individual properties.
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Type of Mixtures
Mixture Example
Gas-Gas Air is primarily a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor, carbon dioxide, and argon gases
Gas-Liquid Carbonated beverages contain carbon dioxide gas dissolved in solution.
Liquid-Liquid Vinegar contains acetic acid dissolved in water.
Solid-Liquid Sweetened powder drink contains sugar and other solid ingredients dissolved in water.
Solid-Solid Steel is an alloy of iron containing carbon. Brass is an alloy containing copper and zinc.
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Mixtures
There are two types of mixtures:
Heterogeneous Mixtures – can have substances in
the same phases or different phases. When you look
at a heterogeneous mixture, you can see that two or
more substances have been mixed.
Lucky Charms Cereal
Bowl of Mixed Candy
Ethanol & Sugar Cube
Homogeneous Mixtures- have only substances in the
same phase. When you look at them, you see a
uniform substance.
Milk
Ethanol & Water
Sugar & Water
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Separating Mixtures
We can exploit individual substances’properties in order to separate a mixture.
Separation depends on a difference of physical
properties.
Let’s say we had a mixture of ethanol and
water.
Ethanol has a boiling point of 78.4oC and water
has a boiling point of 100.0oC.
The different boiling points can be used to
separate the mixture by using distillation.
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Distillation Apparatus
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Heat Curve of Ethanol and
WaterT
em
pera
ture
(o
C)
100.0
78.4
0.0
Time
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Other Methods of Separation
How could you separate a mixture of salt and
sand?
Start by listing some properties of salt and of
sand. Differences in this list can be exploited to
separate the mixture.
Is salt water-soluble?
Is sand?
Could water be used to separate the two?
How could the water be recovered from the salt?
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Filtration
Filtration is a technique
that uses a porous
barrier to separate a
solid from a liquid
Used for separation of
solids present in a liquid
Heterogeneous
mixtures composed of
solids and liquids are
easily separated by
filtration
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Particle Diagrams
How can we represent the mixing of sugar
and water?
Sugar + Water = Sugar & Water Mixture
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Iron & Sulfur Mix vs. Compound
What are the properties of the iron & sulfur
mixture?
How can the mixture be separated?
What are the properties of the iron (II)
sulfide?
What would have to happen to separate this
compound?
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Particle Diagrams
How can we represent a sample of the
iron/sulfur mixture and the iron (II) sufide.
Iron/Sulfur Mix Iron (II) Sulfide
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Summary Questions
Can a mixture be separated? If
so, how?
Can a compound be
separated? If so, how?
Can an element be separated?
If so, how?