Reciprocating Pump Reciprocating Pump &

Swing ValveSwing Valve

NAME- ANNWESH GHOSHROLL- 15/CH/413

DEPT- CHEMICAL ENGG COLLAGE- NIT,DURGAPUR

WHAT IS THE PUMPWHAT IS THE PUMP??

The hydraulic machine which converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic

energy are called pumps. The hydraulic energy is in the form of pressure

energy.

Function of pump-1. Flow from a region or low pressure to one of high pressure.2. Flow from a low level to a higher level.3. Flow at a faster rate.

CATAGORIES OF PUMP:

Rotodynamic pumpsPositive displacement pumps

Diaphragm

Piston

Plunger

Reciprocating Rotary

Mixed flow

Gear

Lobe

Sliding Vane

Screw

Axial flow

Centrifugal

Rotodynamic

Turbine

Positive displacement

PUMPS

RECIPROCATING PUMPRECIPROCATING PUMP

In pump mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy. The

hydraulic energy is in the form of pressure energy

If the mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy by sucking

the liquid into a cylinder where piston is reciprocating which exerts

thrust and increases its hydraulic energy is called reciprocating

pump.

For industrial purposes, they have become obsolete due to their high pumping initial and maintenance costs

MAIN COMPONENTS OF RECIPROCATING PUMPMAIN COMPONENTS OF RECIPROCATING PUMPThe following are the main parts of a reciprocating pump as shown in figThe following are the main parts of a reciprocating pump as shown in fig::

1 )A cylinder with a piston, piston rod, connecting rod and a crank

2 )Suction pipe

3 )Delivery pipe

4 )Suction valve

5 )Delivery valve.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PUMPSCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PUMP.

WORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMPWORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMP

When the crank rotates, piston moves to & fro.When the crank is at A, the piston is at extreme left. As the crank rotates from A to C)Ɵ=0o

to Ɵ=180o) piston moves towards right .

The movement of the piston creates a vacuum less than the atmospheric pressure. Hence the suction valve open & the liquid moves up in suction

pipe .

When crank rotates for C to A )Ɵ=180o to Ɵ=360o) piston moves from right to left. This movement increases the pressure on the liquid which is

more than the atmospheric pressure.

Hence, suction valve closes and the delivery valve opens. The liquid is forced into the delivery pipe .

CLASSIFICATION OF RECIPROCATING PUMPCLASSIFICATION OF RECIPROCATING PUMP

Follow are the three fields in which the reciprocating are classified:

1 .According to the contact between water and plunger

2. According to the number of cylinders

3 .According to the air vessel

4 .According to the external power

According to the contact between water and plungerAccording to the contact between water and plunger

Single Acting Pump- This type of pump has one suction valve,

delivery valve and one suction and delivery pipe. It suck up the fluid only in

one direction, in single stroke and deliver it in single stroke .

Double acting pump-Double acting pump has two suction valves,

delivery valves .Liquid is receiving on both sides of the piston in the

cylinder and is delivered into the delivery pipes and two suction and

delivery pipes.

SIMPLEX PUMP SIMPLEX PUMP Working ofWorking of DUPLEX DUPLEX PUMPPUMP

According to the number of cylindersAccording to the number of cylinders

Single Cylinder Pump- Single cylinder pump is one in which their is

only cylinder connected to a single shaft. It could be a single acting or

double acting pump.

Double Cylinder Pump- Double cylinder pump is one which have two

cylinder attached to a single shaft. Separate suction and delivery valve is

provided to each cylinder .

Triple Cylinder Pump- When the pump has three cylinders attached to a

single shaft then the pump is called triple cylinder pump .

))Single cylinder pumpSingle cylinder pump))

))Triple cylindrical pumpTriple cylindrical pump))

.

According to the air vesselAccording to the air vessel

With Air Vessel-Some reciprocating pump are provided with a separate air

vessel attached to the suction and delivery valve. Its main function is

to accumulate excess quantity of water by compressing the air in the vessel.

With Out Air Vessel- Some pump lack the air vessel because of the nature

of their work. for example the reciprocating boiler feed pumps does not have

air vessel because they may introduce air into the deaerated water.

According to the external powerAccording to the external power

Direct Acting- In this case the pump is directly driven by steam/power.

This type of pump are mostly use in industrial applications sector.

Power pump- In this case the pump is driven by another pump. This

type of pumps are very costly to run and handle during it’s operation.

DISCHARGE THROUGH SINGLE ACTING DISCHARGE THROUGH SINGLE ACTING PUMPPUMP

LetA = cross sectional area of cylinderr = crank radiusN = r.p.m of the crank L = stroke length )2r)

Discharge through pump per second= Area x stroke length x r.p.m / 60

Qth= A x L x N 60

This will be the discharge when the pump is single acting reciprocating pump.

DISCHARGE THROUGH DOUBLE ACTING DISCHARGE THROUGH DOUBLE ACTING PUMPPUMP

Discharge in case of double acting pump.

Discharge/Second=

Where, Ap = Area of cross-section of piston rod

However, if area of the piston rod is neglected

Discharge/Second=

60

))60

LNAAALNQ Pth

60)2) LNAA

Q Pth

602ALN

SLIP OF RECIPROCATING PUMPSLIP OF RECIPROCATING PUMP

Slip of a reciprocating pump is defined as the difference between the

theoretical and the actual discharge . Slip =Theoretical discharge - Actual discharge

Slip= Qth - Qa

Slip can also be expressed in terms of % age and given by

Where Cd is known as co-efficient of discharge )ratio of the actual discharge to the theoretical discharge).

Cd =Qa / Qth .

10011001

100%

dth

act

th

actth

CQQ

QQQ

slip

POWERPOWERConsider a reciprocating pump .

Let hs=Suction head.

hd =Delivery head

Hst=Total static head

= hs + hd

Theoretical work done)Single Acting) by the pump = Theoretical work done)Double Acting) by the pump =

Power input to )Single acting) pump KW

Power required for )Double Acting) pump= KW

ds hhgALN

1000*60

ds hhgALN

1000*602

ds hhgALN

602

dhshgALN

60

ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGEADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE

Advantages No priming is needed

Can deliver water at high pressure

Can work in wide pressure range

Continuous rate of discharge

Disadvantages High maintenance cost

More parts mean high initial cost

Low discharging capacity

Difficult to pump viscous fluid

High wear in parts

SWING VALVESWING VALVE.

VALVESA valve is a device that regulates, directs or regulates the flow of fluid by

opening, closing or partially obstructing passageway.

VALVE FUNCTION.

Stopping or starting fluid flow-

Controlling direction of fluid

Varying)throttling) the amount of fluid flow.

Allowing flow in one direction .

SWING VALVE It is a check valve which prevents flow reversal.

It consists of flapper hinged at the top by hinge pin

The disk swings freely in the form of arc.

The valve opens during upstream flow and closes during reverse fluid

flow.

DIMENSIONS OF SWING VALVE.

SPECIFICATION OF SWING VALVE.

INNER VIEW OF SWING VALVEINNER VIEW OF SWING VALVE.

RECOMMENDED USE

Swing valve is used where pressure difference )∆P )is minimal

It is used when the flow velocity is low

Swing valves are used when fluid flow reversal in infrequent.

Low installation space.

SELECTION CRITERIA.

Factors considered when selecting a check valve are :

Material compatibility with the medium

Valve rating

Application data )flow, design/operating conditions) ;

Installation )horizontal, vertical flow up or down) ;

End connection and cleaning

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES.ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES.

AdvantagesAdvantages It can be used at a very low velocity

They open and close automatically. They do not need exterior force to

open or close.  They move quickly.

Swing valve maintain slow pressure inside the valve

Disadvantages It is hard to determine if the valve is open or closed, because all the

moving parts of the valve are placed in a closed area.

Check valves have restrictions during assembly.

 Valve disc can get stuck in open position.