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Puget Sound Clean Cars Stormwater Partnership Working Group Meeting

Ken Zarker, Washington State Department of EcologyTom Lewandowski, Gradient

Gary Pollak, SAE International

Friday April 28, 2017

2Copyright Gradient 2017

• Introductions, Overview and Project Organization

Tom Lewandowski, Gradient

• Background

Ken Zarker, Ecology

• Stormwater Impacts and Possible Solutions

Jen McIntyre, Washington State University

• Overview of Automotive Drips/Leaks

Gary Pollak, SAE International

• Project Deliverables

Tom Lewandowski, Gradient

• Open Discussion

• Stakeholder Questions & Open Comments

• Next Steps and Follow Up

Web Meeting Agenda


• Project Goal: identify technologies and approaches to reduce stormwater impacts associated with automotive vehicle fluid leaks in the State of Washington

Fluid leaks only, not focusing on other emissions (e.g. brake dust, refrigerants, exhaust components)

Research focus, not proposing policy or regulation

• Project Strategy: work with a diverse panel of stakeholders to:

understand what we know and what we don't (data gaps)

understand the environmental and human health impacts

understand current technologies

identify possible new practices/technologies

identify drivers and barriers addressing the issue

consider safer fluid product alternatives

Project Overview


• Ecology, Gradient, and SAE

• Identify and recruit experts for the working group and stakeholder advisory group

• Coordinate meetings and communications among the groups, and

• Complete the final research report based on the findings of the Working Group and Stakeholder Group

Project Organization: Operations Team


Operations Team Organization Chart

Contact Name AffiliationProject Leads Ken Zarker Ecology

Gary Pollak SAETom Lewandowski Gradient

Project Support Staff Dave Mayfield GradientJoel Cohen GradientKeith Wilson SAEBlake Nelson EcologyJeffrey Gutschmidt EcologyJustine Asohmbom EcologyIan Wesley Ecology


• Small group of reps from government, academia, NGOs and automotive-related businesses, and chaired by Ken Zarker (WA Ecology) Attend quarterly web-meetings throughout the project

Function as a sounding board for ideas and information gathered

Identify sources of technical information (documents, people)

Potentially help in information gathering (e.g., conversations with other experts)

Review and potentially write small sections of the final report

Receive quarterly newsletters and email communications

Project Organization: Working Group


Working Group Organization Chart

Area of Expertise Contact Name AffiliationAcademic/Research Ed Kolodziej University of Washington - Tacoma

Michael Smith Clover Park Technical College

Sagi Hemi Advanced Test Concepts

Jen McIntyre Washington State University

Automotive design, manufacturing, maintenance and repair

Sheila Andrews/Tom Tucker Auto Care Association

Marcel Halberstadt Independent consultant; SAELaurie Holmes Motor & Equipment Manufacturers

Association (MEMA)Dan Selke Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC

Government Bill Malatinsky Seattle Public UtilitiesElsa Pond WS DOT

NGO Andy Gregory Puget Soundkeeper

Tere Carral Bridge Latino


Stakeholder Group Organization ChartArea of Expertise Affiliation

Academic/Research Washington Stormwater Center - WSU

Automotive design, manufacturing, maintenance and repair

Association of Global Automakers

Automotive Recyclers of Washington

Gage Products Company

Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association (MEMA)

Volkswagen

Automotive Service Association Northwest

Auto Alliance

Government City of Kirkland

US Fish and Wildlife Service

NGO Future Wise

Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission

Northwest Green Chemistry

NW Pollution Prevention Resource Center

California Stormwater Quality Association


• All meetings will be web-based• Goal is to listen to everyone, gather all relevant information

We are interested in data not personal views

All opinions are valuable, particularly if delivered respectfully

• Active participation in discussions is essential

• Decisions (which will be limited) are consensus based

• Working group members will be able to speak, visitors will have to type questions in the chat box We may use raised hand function or messaging during discussions

depending on how things progress

Chair (Ken Zarker) will direct the discussions

• Try to limit jargon to the extent possible

Working Group Meeting Ground Rules


Stakeholder Engagement & Collaboration

• Lead through a Consensus-based approach

• Ecology values your professional input so that we benefit from your knowledge.

• All stakeholder input is valued.

• Ecology is responsible for the final deliverables under the EPA grant.

• Who does What by When and how we Follow up so that assignments don’t fall through the cracks.


Overview of Aquatic Toxicity of

Urban Stormwater Runoff

Puget Sound Clean Cars Stormwater Partnership Working Group, April 28, 2017

Dr. Jenifer McIntyre | School of the Environment | WSU Puyallup Research Extension Center


12

Research PARTNERS & SUPPORTERS


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Coho pre-spawn mortality is widespread & recurrent in urban creeks

Longfellow Creek, 2003 Des Moines Creek, 2004

Longfellow Creek, 2005 Longfellow Creek, 2012

63%

84%

67%

72%


stormwater

clean well water

Adult coho exposures to road runoff


15

Linked to traffic density in watersheds


16

Zebrafish research model

days 0 1 2 3 4

Embryo Larva

Hatch

4 days1 day


Sublethal effects in zebrafish

Sublethal effects of runoff on developing fish include:• Inability/delay to hatch• Developmental delays• Small eye phenotype (*)• Pericardial edema (yellow arrow)• Deformed jaws and hearts (black arrows)

* *


Cardiac abnormalities from runoff

Urban runoff gives zebrafish bad hearts


A What chemical(s) in road runoff cause observed toxicity to aquatic animals?

B Can we generate a phenotypically-anchored synthetic stormwater runoff?


Which are most toxic? Which contribute most to toxicity?

Tire Wear Exhaust Brakes Washer Fluid

Automobile Leaks:• Fuel• Engine Oil• Brake Fluid• Engine Coolant• Transmission Fluid

Leaks

Car Sources of Toxics to Road Runoff


Relative Toxicity of Sources of ToxicsToxics Source LC50 Length Eye

AreaPVA Heart

RatepCVA

Impairment v/v -10% -30% +50% -20% +20%

Concentration Standardized to LC50

Windshield fluid 5.3% 0.5 0.5 0.5 TBD TBD

Antifreeze 1.8% 0.5 0.5 0.3 TBD TBD

Used motor oil 1.8% 0.3 0.4 0.02 TBD TBD

Transmission fluid 0.5% 1.9 1.6 1.4 TBD TBD

Brake fluid 0.4% Promoted growth 1.1 0.7 TBD TBD

Tire dust >100 g/L 7 g/L 8 g/L >10 g/L 2 g/L 0.1 g/L


Continuing Work on Sources of Toxics

Next Toxicology Steps:• Definitive tests for acute lethal and sublethal toxicity• Finish ‘leaks’ (remaining: gear oil, steering fluid, HR, CVA)• Test remaining ‘dusts’ (brake dust, exhaust particulates)

Concurrent:• How much does each source contribute to the mixture

of urban stormwater runoff?• Literature reviews of percent material in runoff/road dust• Using analytical chemistry to determine contributions

• Dr. Ed Kolodziej (UW – Tacoma)• Quadrupole Time of Flight (Q-TOF)• ‘Fingerprint’ sources, compare to whole runoff• Test synthetic mixtures for phenotypic responses


Validate synthetic mixture on coho salmon!


Automotive Fluid Leakage Sources

• Engine Oil• Antifreeze• Transmission Fluid• Brake Fluid• Power Steering Fluid• Fuel (gasoline, ethanol)• Differential Gear Oil• Windshield Washer Fluid


Automotive Fluid Leakage

Some Recent Studies Indicate:

40-50% of all vehicles on the road have some type of minor or major leak.

Engine oil is the predominant leak



SAE International:

Professional society for the exchange of ideas for advancing the engineering of mobility systems.

Technical Expertise:

Industry Experts making up Technical Standards Committees

Authors presenting Technical Papers at SAE Technical Conferences



SAE Technical Committees

Over 500 committees, 9000 committee members, 2900 companies

Some activity in all systems previously mentioned

Primarily new vehicle design standards

SAE Technical Authors

Over 25 major conferences per year, over 2600 technical papers per year



Suggested Strategy of this Project Working Group:

Identify the area(s) for deeper dive

• For possible technical committee input/response

• For more targeted lit search

• For contact with selected authors

Work through the SAE Consultant WG member (Marcel Halberstadt) to help coordinate these requests


• Data will be collected as part of an ongoing literature search and review, interviews with outside parties and through stakeholder discussions

• Quarterly web-meetings (April 2017 – June 2018)

30-60 minutes in length

Discuss project related tasks, information needs and progress updates

• Final Report and Presentation

Findings and information collected will be summarized in a final report delivered to Ecology in June 2018.

Findings will also be presented at a future SAE conference (date TBD)

Project Deliverables


• Background on automobile fluid leaks

Environmental and human health impacts

Vehicle leak data (sources, frequency, volume)

Automotive designs relevant to fluid leaks (gaskets, seals)

Maintenance efforts related to automobile leaks

• Approaches to reduce vehicle leaks

Innovative technologies and onboard diagnostics

Policy options (incentives, case studies)

• Drivers and barriers to reducing leaks

Institutional (adaptability of design and manufacturing processes), regulatory, market

• Safer chemical alternatives - lubricants, gaskets, seals, adhesives, etc.

Broad Research Areas for Final Report


Open Discussion

• As a working group member, what are your particular interests in this project? What do you think you will be able to contribute?

• What do you see as the largest challenge to addressing this issue?

• Do you have any suggestions for how the project should proceed (e.g., technical resources to investigate)?


Next Steps and Follow-Up

• Operations Team (Ecology, Gradient, SAE) will follow up with Working Group members via email/phone to: Provide meeting minutes

Confirm technical data gathering assignments and proposed timeline for completion

Poll possible dates for the next quarterly web meeting

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