Publishing your Research: Open

AccessWhat is it and what

requirements do you need to meet?

James Bisset james.bisset@durham.ac.ukAcademic Liaison Librarian (Research Support)

Session outline- What is “Open Access”?

- Paywalls, Terminology, Examples

- Why make your research Open Access?- Benefits for authors / Benefits for readers

- What Open Access requirements are there?- OA mandates, identifying your options, DRO

- Searching for open access articles- Repositories, OA Journals, Search engines

What is Open Access ?

An article that is Open Access can be freely accessed by anyone in the world using an internet connection.

no subscription...

...no login or password

Some Open Access articles may also allow full or limited re-use of the content in the publication...

“... free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.“

http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read Budapest Open Access Initiative.

Via Flickr Creative Commons, by © Stuti Sakhalkar. Original available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/theblackcanvas/2945878325/

Have a go...

http://www.plosone.org/browse/

http://dro.dur.ac.uk/view/departments/

Gold / GreenGold is not a measure of quality.

Gold often (but not always) incurs a cost for the author.

Gold is available from the journal

website

Green is available from an Open

Access repositor

y

Why a repository? Why can’t I do what I want with an article I have written?

- 53% of publishers request a copyright transfer

- 20.8% of publishers request a licence to publish

- 19.6% of publishers request a copyright transfer would on request provide a licence to publish document instead

http://www.alpsp.org/Ebusiness/ProductCatalog/Product.aspx?ID=44

Scholarly Publishing Practice 3 (2008).

Why a repository? Why can’t I do what I want with an article I have written?

- Elsevier issued 2,800 take-down notices at articles hosted by their authors on academia.edu

- Followed by notices to Calgary University & Harvard University to remove content from their servers.

- Elsevier is within its legal rights to do so.

http://wapo.st/19BbeRx “How one publisher is stopping academics from sharing their research” (19 December 2013) Washington Post.

Examples

Impact Factor = 10.353

- 14th of 290 in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology - 1st, Cell , allows Green Open Access, no embargo period & Gold Open Access (Elsevier/Cell Press) - 4th of 47 in Evolutionary Biology - 1st, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, allows Green Open Access, no embargo period (Elsevier/Trends) - 8th of 161 in Genetics & Hereditary - 1st, Nature Reviews: Genetics allows Green Open Access, embargo period of 6 months (Nature)

Free to access & re-use

Author can make his/her final peer-reviewed manuscript free to access from a repository (following 12 month embargo)

Impact Factor = 1.036

Ranked 2nd in History & in History of Social Sciences.

Pay $3000 to go GOLD

Go GREEN for free (12 month embargo)

Why make your research

Open Access?

“on average across the NHS, [only] about a third of relevant journals were available free at the point of use”

http://bit.ly/MnfGEY Finch Report (June 2012), from data originally

reported in Heading for the Open Road: costs and benefits of transitions in scholarly communications,

RIN, PRC, Wellcome Trust, RLUK and JISC, 2011.

“many researchers … in smaller and less research-intensive institutions … do not have access to a sufficiently- wide range of titles”

http://bit.ly/MnfGEY Finch Report (June 2012), from data originally reported in Access to scholarly content: gaps and barriers, RIN,

Publishing Research Consortium and JISC, 2011.

“across central Government and its agencies, some 17% of relevant articles are available free at the point of use.”

http://bit.ly/MnfGEY Finch Report (June 2012), from data originally reported

in Heading for the Open Road: costs and benefits of transitions in scholarly communications, RIN, PRC,

Wellcome Trust, RLUK and JISC, 2011.

“lack of access … may mean that advice and inputs to policy-making are delayed or incomplete."

http://bit.ly/MnfGEY Finch Report (June 2012), from data originally reported

in Rightscom. Benefits of Open Access to Scholarly Research Outputs to the Public Sector, Report for the

Open Access Implementation Group, , 2012

“the voluntary sector … [often has to] rely on reports from research organisations and Government departments"

http://bit.ly/MnfGEY Finch Report (June 2012), from data originally reported

in Office for Public Management, Benefits of open access to scholarly research for VCS organisations, JISC

2012.

“ Every year, JSTOR turns away almost 150 million attempts to gain access to articles...”

http://bit.ly/1grt1MV

“JSTOR Tests Free, Read-Only Access to Some Articles”(13 January 2012), Chronicle of Higher Education.

why?“Because the cost of the current

publication system cannot continue to be supported without change.”

“journal prices have risen four times faster than inflation since the mid-1980's”Peter Suber, Research Professor of Philosophy at Earlham College and

Director of the Harvard Open Access Project, quoting research conducted from ARL Statistics 2005-06, Association of Research

Libraries, Washington, D.C.

According to The Economist, Elsevier made $1.1 billion in profit in 2010 for a profit margin of 36%. Taylor & Francis’s reported their own profit margin of 25% in their 2010 Annual report

“The Price of information” Economist Feb. 4th 2012 . http://www.economist.com/node/21545974

p19 of Taylor and Francis’s annual report and financial statement 2010,

http://www.informa.com/documents/INF2570%20AR10%20cover%20AW05.pdf

2010 Operating Profit Margins

“Why have so many academics decided to boycott Elsevier”http://www.slideshare.net/scottsne/ecvp2012symposiumslideshare

Tesco 5%News Corp 7%British Gas9%BMW12%Coca Cola22%Apple35%Elsevier36%

why?“Because it can boost the visibility

and broaden access to your research.”

Benefits for authors...• 4633 articles across ecology,

applied mathematics, sociology and economics.

• 2280 were open access, and had an average citation count of 9.04

• 2353 were subscriptions journals, and had an average citation count of 5.76.

Norris, M. (2008) “The citation advantage of open access articles” Thesis. Available at https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/4089

Benefits for authors...

Terras, M. (2011) “What happens when you tweet an Open Access Paper” Melissa Terras’ Blog. Available at http://

melissaterras.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/what-happens-when-you-tweet-open-access.html

Benefits for authors...

Terras, M. (2011) “What happens when you tweet an Open Access Paper” Melissa Terras’ Blog. Available at http://

melissaterras.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/what-happens-when-you-tweet-open-access.html

By October 2012, the OA version had seen nearly 3 times more downloads than the version sitting behind a subscription

paywall.

Benefits for authors...

“My gold access papers have huge downloads, one staying in the top

20 for over 3 months”Dr David Selby, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University

(January 2014)

“the editor of the journal has emailed me to tell me that my article has

been one of the most downloaded in that year”

Dr Andy Byford, School of Modern Languages and Cultures, Durham University (August 2014)

Benefits for authors...

“"I am still surprised and continually delighted to find

many of my works in DRO have been downloaded by far more people than ever bought the

volumes.”

Dr Michael Crang, Department of Geography, Durham Universityhttp://dro.dur.ac.uk/testimonials/

why?“Because people want to read it and

use it but they aren’t able to.”

Why High School Students Need Access to Research: http://youtu.be/prTHDfqP_ng

why?“Because it can boost the visibility

and broaden access to your research.”

Because the cost of the current publication system cannot continue to be supported without change.

Because it can boost the visibility and broaden access to your research.

Because people want to read it and use it but they aren’t able to.

Because you can.

concerns?

Via Flickr Creative Commons, by © Stuti Sakhalkar. Original available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/theblackcanvas/2945878325/

What Open Access

requirements are there?

Things to do...• If your research is funded, check what

the funder requires..• Also check what your employer, or any

national assessments require... • Once you have identified how you

want to publish your research, and where, check what options that publisher allows.

• Once you have publications accepted, make sure you do what is needed to make your publications open access.

Required: 1

Check the requirements of your funder

Not limited to RCUK and Wellcome

Trust…- Action on Hearing Loss- Arthritis Research UK- Breakthrough Breast Cancer- British Heart Foundation- Cancer Research UK- Department of Health- Dunhill Medical Trust- European Commission- European Research Council- JISC- Marie Curie Cancer Care- Motor Neuron Disease Association- Parkinsons UK

Example policy: RCUK

Policy

Authors must…• include a statement providing

details of funding supporting the research;

• include a statement, if appropriate, on how underpinning research data can be accessed.

• publish in journals which are compliant with Research Council policy on Open Access;

Is the journal compliant?In order to be deemed compliant with RCUK Policy, a journal must either:

“[GOLD] provide, via its own website, immediate and unrestricted access to the final published version of the paper, which should be made available using the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This may involve payment of an ‘Article Processing Charge’ (APC) to the publisher.“

or...

[GREEN] permit the author to deposit their "final Accepted Manuscript in any repository, without restriction on non-commercial re-use and within a defined period. No APC will be payable to the publisher."

Clarifications:

GreenGoldEmbargo periodsNo Gold OA optionAHRC & ESRC: 12 monthsOther RCs: 6 months

Gold OA optionAHRC & ESRC: 24 monthsMRC: 6 monthsOther RCs: 12 months

Required: 2

Check the requirements of your institution

Durham University Policy• Durham Open Access Policy

http://dro.dur.ac.uk/du_oa_policy_summary.pdf

“Authors must provide an electronic copy of all peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers

published since 1st January 2013 within 3 months of acceptance for publication for deposit in Durham

Research Online (DRO)”

“Publications referred to for consideration in promotion applications: where published since 1st January 2013

the author’s final peer-reviewed manuscript must have been deposited in DRO”

Required: 3

Post-2014 REF

“Outputs submitted to the post-2014 REF must be made available in an open-access form”

- applies to journal articles & conference proceedings

- accepted for publication after 1st April 2016

- deposit the published version or final peer-reviewed manuscript in a repository “no later than 3 months after acceptance”.

- maximum embargo of 12 months (24 months for social sciences & humanities)

Failure to comply:

Will be given an unclassified score in

the REF

Have a go...• http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/ - identify research funder policies• http://roarmap.eprints.org/ - identify institutional OA policies• http://bit.ly/12SOYCw - Open Access pages (Durham) inc. REF info

Via Flickr Creative Commons, by © Stuti Sakhalkar. Original available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/theblackcanvas/2945878325/

What are you permitted to do,

and who’s permission do you

need?

Check what options your journal offers / the terms of any publishing agreement. - Sherpa/Romeo - Journal/Publisher agreement and guidelines

Your journal / publisher does not permit self-archiving or offer a paid open access option?

Ask them – it is your research. You may be able to negotiate (esp if your funder requires you to take action).

Have a go...• http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/ - identify journal’s green OA terms• http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/fact/ - identify gold/green OA options• http://www.doaj.org/ - Directory of Open Access Journals• http://bit.ly/THxAsz - Beall’s List of Predatory Publishers• have a look at some journals/publishers in your field

Via Flickr Creative Commons, by © Stuti Sakhalkar. Original available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/theblackcanvas/2945878325/

Durham Research Online

(DRO)

Durham Research Online

http://dro.dur.ac.uk/depositors/dro_depositguide.pdf

Durham Research Online• 12,508 records in DRO

- 5,903 full text (47%) - 282 further records embargoed (2%)

• Durham Open Access Policy http://dro.dur.ac.uk/du_oa_policy_summary.pdf

• Add bibliographic details; Tick the box; Attach your final accepted manuscript.

Durham Research OnlineDept Record

s in DRO

Full text deposited

% of records with full text

Publisher does not permit

% whereno OA option by jounal

% that should be achievable to make OA via DRO

Biological/Biomedical

347 111 31.99 47 13.54 86.46

Chemistry 398 125 31.41 123 30.90 69.10

Computer Sciences

154 80 51.95 8 5.19 94.81

Earth Sciences

319 73 22.88 36 11.29 88.71

Engineering 595 246 41.34 59 9.92 90.08

Mathematics 483 242 50.10 45 9.32 90.68

Physics 839 534 63.65 96 11.44 88.56

Psychology 409 134 32.76 44 10.76 89.24

Support at Durham• Checking compliance of journals (library)

• Managing and maintaining Durham Research Online (Durham’s institutional repository)

• RCUK Block Grant (£276,578 for 2013/14, £325,386 for 2014/15)

• Reporting back to RCUK/HEFCE

Searching for OA research

Concerns / Q & A

Image Credits[6] Via Flickr Creative Commons, and by jekert gwapo: Available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/jekert/4412533661/

[8] Via Flickr Creative Commons, by Nick Wheeler. Available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/7762644@N04/2295584401

[Slides 78-81] Vitae®, © 2010 Careers Research and Advisory Centre (CRAC) Limited‘ Available at www.vitae.ac.uk/rdf

[7] Via Flickr Creative Commons, and by Darwin Bell: Available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/darwinbell/1454251440/

[11-12] Via Flickr Creative Commons, by 110kr and tao_zhyn. Available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/tao_zhyn/442965594/in/photostream/ and http://www.flickr.com/photos/100kr/209708058/in/photostream/

[51] Via Flickr Creative Commons, and by Chris Devers: Available at http://www.flickr.com/photos/cdevers/5128003102/

Measuring Researche

r Developm

ent

Measuring Researcher Developm

ent

Measuring Researcher Development

Measuring Researcher Development