Public Policy in Nigeria Delia Trimble Pd.1. Outline Employment Oil and Environmental Consequences...
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![Page 1: Public Policy in Nigeria Delia Trimble Pd.1. Outline Employment Oil and Environmental Consequences HIV/AIDS Democratization Ethnic and Religious Tensions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551b53e6550346d31b8b5191/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Public Policy in NigeriaDelia Trimble Pd.1
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Outline
• Employment
• Oil and Environmental Consequences
• HIV/AIDS
• Democratization
• Ethnic and Religious Tensions
• Welfare State
• Gender Issues
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Employment
• In 2011, trade unions sought to address issues in workplace.
• Still facing unresolved problems:
o Unemployment rate: 23.9%
o Laws favor rights of employer over employee
o Minimum wage is $0.55 but cost of living is high
o Literacy rate: 61.3% (limiting job selection)
o Highest number of citizens living on less than two dollars per day, compared to other regional African countries
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Oil
•In 1970s, abundance of oil gave Nigeria large international leverage
•Member of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
•Advantages:
o Relied on heavily by developed countries when Middle Eastern tensions come about
o Opportunity for vast wealth creation
•Disadvantages:
o Over reliance on oil
o Times of low oil prices have come with large debt
o Unstable situation in the Niger Delta, violent methods and protests
o Harmful environment effects
o Piracy
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Democratization
• Last military regime ended in 1999, signs of democracy since then
o Legislature rejected President Obasanjo’s attempt to alter the constitution
o Civic and religious groups openly criticized way in which government handled the 2007 election
o Media involvement in preventing election fraud
o Peaceful presidential transition for first time in Nigeria’s history between President Obsanjo and Umaru Yar’Adua.
o Freedom House score of 4, “partly free”
o Successful elections in Fourth Republic
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Ethnic and Religious Tensions
•Regions primarily separated on the basis of religion
•Three major ethnic groups (Hausa-Fulani, Igbo, Yoruba) possess unique and different cultures, strong sense of tribal cohesion
•Boko Haram
o “western education is sinful”
obased in the North
oKnown for attacking Christians and govt. targets, bombing churches, attacking schools and police stations, kidnapping Western tourists
o recent control by Al-Qaeda
o100,000 widows created by Boko Haram
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Hw0_UISxUY
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HIV/AIDS Epidemic • Second highest number of new infections of HIV every year.
• 3.7% of the population living with HIV.
• In 2011, 210,000 Nigerians died from AIDS, increase from the 170,000 that died in 2001.
• Strategies in place to help prevent so many infections:
o education
o protected sex
o media campaigns and public awareness
o prevention of mother-to-child blood transfusions
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People Living with HIV/AIDS Worldwide
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Malaria and Infant Mortality
• Estimated 100 million malaria cases per year, followed by over 300,000 deaths per year
• Malaria contributes to estimated 11% of maternal mortality
• Estimated over 65% of population living in poverty, making prevention and treatment difficult
• Life expectancy at birth: 52 years
• 78 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 2012, 16th highest in the world
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Gender Issues
• 49% women, 51% men
• 38% of women in Nigeria lack a formal education
• DFID gender report in Nigeria
• Women’s rights dependent on regional differences
• North: Islam based, women have far less opportunities to pursue education, employment, etc.
• South: more common that women have access to a good education, wider variety of job opportunities, etc.
• Women tend to be leaders within extended families, often remain at home to manage family matters, especially in rural areas
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Welfare State
• Current Pension System: all public-sector employees, private-sector employees in firms with five or more workers
• Old-Age Pension, Disability Pension, Survivor Pension
• Unemployment: no statutory benefits are provided
• still very persistent insecurity challenges
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Works Cited
•https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html
•http://www.humanrights.de/doc_en/countries/nigeria/background/transition_democracy.html
•AP Comparative Government and Politics: Nigeria Briefing Paper written by Paul J. Kaiser, University of Pennsylvania
•http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7840310.stm
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Nigeria
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta
•http://www.avert.org/hiv-aids-nigeria.htm
•http://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/231771/Public/December-MalariaFactSheet2.pdf
•http://nigeriamasterweb.com/blog/index.php/2012/11/07/gender-inequality-the-nigerian-case
•http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2012-2013/africa/nigeria.html