The Law on Public Officers1st Term, AY 2012-2013

Prof. Antonio P. Jamon, Jr.

References:

Constitution1987 Administrative Code

De Leon & De Leon Jr., Law on Public Officers and Election, Fifth Edition, 2008Gonzales, Neptali, A., Administrative Law, Law on Public Officers and Election Law, Third

Edition, 1972Agpalo, Ruben, Administrative Law, Law on Public Officers and Election Law (2005)

I. Introduction

Concepts and Principles

A. Public Office and Public Officers

1. Definitions2. Purpose & Nature

• Public office as a public trust• Constitution, Art XI• Public office, not property• Public office, not a contract• Security of tenure in public office as property for purposes of due process

Case:National Land Titles & Deeds Registration Administration v. Civil

Service Commission, 221 SCRA 145

3. Elements4. Creation of Public Office5. Kinds/Classifications

Cases:Maniego v. People, 88 Phil. 494 (1951)Segovia v. Noel, 47 Phil. 543 (1925)Dario v. Mison, 176 SCRA 84 (1989)Mathay v. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 703 (1999)

6. De Facto Officers

Cases:Malaluan v. COMELEC, 254 SCRA 397 (1996)Torres v. Ribo, 81 Phil. 44 (1948)Tuanda v. Sandiganbayan, 249 SCRA 342 (1995)

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Menzon v. Petilla, 197 SCRA 251 (1991)

II. Commencement of Official Relations

A. Eligibility & Qualifications

1. Definitions2. Nature of right to hold public office3. Power of Congress to prescribe qualifications4. Restrictions and construction5. General and particular qualifications

• Constitution• Administrative Code• RA 9225

Cases:Frivaldo v. COMELEC, 275 SCRA 727 (1996)Mercado v. Manzano, 307 SCRA 630 (1999)Rodriguez v. COMELEC, 259 SCRA 296 (1996)

B. Disqualifications

1. General disqualifications2. Specific disqualifications

Cases:Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317 (1991)Lecaroz v. Sandiganbayan, 305 SCRA 396 (1999)Flores v. Drilon, 223 SCRA 568 (1993)Abeto v. Garceza, 251 SCRA 539 (1995)Rabe v. Flores, 272 SCRA 415 (1997)Civil Service Commission v. Dacoycoy, 306 SCRA 425

C. Acquisition of right or title to office

1. Appointment

Cases:PLM v. IAC, 140 SCRA 22 (1985)Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327 (1986)Regis v. Osmeña, 197 SCRA 308 (1991)Gloria v. De Guzman, 249 SCRA 281 (1995)Erasmo v. Home Insurance, 388 SCRA 112 (2002)Padilla v. Civil Service Commission, 403 SCRA 116 (2003)Civil Service Commission v. Dela Cruz, 437 SCRA 403 (2004)Corpuz v. Court of Appeals, 285 SCRA 23 (1998)

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a. Appointment by the President

• Constitution, Art. VII, Sec. 16

Cases:Calderon v. Carale, 208 SCRA 254 (1992)A.M. No. 98-5-01-SC, Nov. 9 1998In Re. Hon. Mateo Valenzuela, G.R. 79974, Dec. 17, 1987In Re. Hon. Placido Vallarta, G.R. 79974, Dec. 17, 1987

b. Appointment under Civil Service Qualification Standard

• Constitution, Art. IX-B., 2(2)

Cases:Chua v. Civil Service Commission, 206 SCRA 65 (1992)Luego v. Civil Service Commission, supraAquino v. Civil Service Commission, 208 SCRA 240 (1992)Tria v. Sto. Tomas, 199 SCRA 833 (1991)Laurel v. Civil Service Commission, 203 SCRA 195 (1991)Griño v. Civil Service Commission, 194 SCRA 458 (1991)Civil Service Commission v. Salas, 274 SCRA 414 (1997)

c. Remedy to Question Title

Cases:Torrosa v. Singson 232 SCRA 553Mendoza v. Allas, 302 SCRA 623 (1999)Romualdez v. Civil Service Commission, 225 SCRA 285 (1993)

2. By Election

III. Duties & Responsibilities While in Public Office

A. Powers & Duties

1. Source of power and authority2. Construction of powers and duties3. Delegation of power4. Scope of Authority

• Constitution, Art. XI Sec.1; Sec.17; Sec. 18

5. Specific Duties

• R.A. 6713 and its IRR

Case:Rabe v. Flores, 272 SCRA 415 (1997)

6. Norms of Conduct - R.A. 6713

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B. Rights and Privileges

1. Right to office

• R.A. 6758 (Salary Standardization Act)• COA Government Auditing Rules and Regulations, Sec. 2671

Cases:Baybay Water District v. COA, 374 SCRA 482 (2002)Rodrigo v. Sandiganbayan, 303 SCRA 309 (1999)Tejada v. Domingo, 205 SCRA 138 (1992)Santos v. Court of Appeals, 345 SCRA 553 (2000)

2. Security of tenure3. System of incentives and rewards4. Rights under the Civil Service Law & the Rules under the Administrative Code5. Personnel Actions

a. Promotion

• Sec. 13, Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V, E.O. 292

Cases:Panis v. Civil Service Commission, 229 SCRA 589 (1994)Divinagracia v. Sto. Tomas, 244 SCRA 595 (1995)Santiago, Jr., v. Civil Service Commission, 178 SCRA 102 (1989)Abila v. Civil Service Commission, 198 SCRA 102 (1991)Medenvilla v. Civil Service Commission, 194 SCRA 278 (1991)Lustero v. IAC, G.R. 74814, July 16, 1991

b. Transfer

Cases:People v. Reyes, 247 SCRA 328 (1995)Vinzons-Chato v. Natividad, 224 SCRA 787 (1995)Vinzons-Chato v. Zenorosa, 344 SCRA 18 (2000)

c. Detail

Case:Republic v. Court of Appeals, 182 SCRA 721 (1990)

d. Reassignment

Cases:Teotico v. Agda, 197 SCRA 675 (1991)Cariño v. Daoas, 380 SCRA 355 (2002)Pastor v. City of Pasig, 382 SCRA 232 (2002)

e. Reinstatement

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Cases:Cristobal v. Melchor, 78 SCRA 175 (1997)Sabelto v. DECS, 180 SCRA 623 (1989)Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 (1989)Cavangot v. Civil Service Commission, 233 SCRA 59 (1993)

f. Reemployment

6. Right to Self Organization

Cases:Tupas v. NHA, 173 SCRA 35 (1989)SSS v. CA, 175 SCRA 686 (1989)Bangalisan v. CA, 276 SCRA 617 (1997)

7. Other rights: Leave of Absence, GSIS Retirement, Absences, Insurance, Employees Compensation - R.A. 6713

Cases:Borromeo v. Civil Service Commission, 199 SCRA 911 (1991)Mancenido v. CA, 330 SCRA 419 (2000)Lopez v. CA, 215 SCRA 512 (1992)Santos v. CA, 345 SCRA 553 (2000)People v. Galoshes, 324 SCRA 689 (2000)Cena v. Civil Service Commission, 211 SCRA 179 (1992)

C. Liabilities

1. In general - R.A. 67132. Administrative Liability3. Civil Liability

Cases:Cojuanco v. CA, 309 SCRA 602 (1999)Tecson v. Sandiganbayan, 318 SCRA 80 (1999)Ocampo v. Office of the Ombudsman, 322 SCRA 17 (2000)Rodrigo v. Sandiganbayan, 303 SCRA 309 (1999)Lacson v. Executive Secretary, 301 SCRA 298 (1999)

4. Criminal Liability

• Civil Code Arts. 27, 32, 34• Administrative Code Book I, Secs. 38-39• RPC, Title VII• R.A. 3019• R.A. 1379

D. Disabilities & Inhibitions

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1. Under the constitution2. Under special laws

IV. Termination of Official Relations

• R.A. 6713• R.A. 7160

A. Expiration of Term

Cases:Achocoso v. Macaraig, 195 SCRA 235 (1991)Lecaroz v. Sandiganbayan, supraGloria v. De Guzman, supra

B. Retirement

C. Death or permanent disability

D. Resignation

Cases:Ortiz v. COMELEC, 162 SCRA 812 (1988)Estrada v. Arroyo, 353 SCRA 452 (2001)

E. Acceptance of incompatible office

F. Abandonment of Office

Case:Canonizado v. Aguirre, 351 SCRA 359 (2001)

G. Prescription of right to office

H. Removal

Cases:Aquino v. Civil Service Commission, 208 SCRA 240 (1992)Fabella v. Court of Appeals, 282 SCRA 256 (1997)Aguinaldo v. Santos, 212 SCRA 768 (1992)Gloria v. CA, 306 SCRA 287 (1999)Secretary of Education v. CA, 342 SCRA 40 (2000)Hagad v. Gozo-Dadole, 251 SCRA 242 (1995)The Sangguniang Barangay of Barangay Don Mariano Marcos v.

Martinez, G.R. 170626, March 3, 2008

I. Impeachment

Case:Francisco Jr., v. House of Representatives, G.R. 160261,

415 SCRA 44 (2003)

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J. Abolition of Office

• Absent on Reorganization of GovernmentCase:

Canonizado v. COA, 226 SCRA 356 (1993)

K. Conviction of crime

Case:Garcia v. COA, 226 SCRA 356 (1993)

L. Recall

Cases:Garcia v. COMELEC, 227 SCRA 100 (1993)Angobung v. COMELEC, 269 SCRA 254 (1997)

Disciplinary Cases:Ombudsman v. CA, G.R. 168079 17 July 2007Marohomsalic v. Cole, G.R. 169918, 27 February 2008Joson v. Torres, 290 SCRA 279 (1998)Socrates v. Sandiganbayan, 263 SCRA 775 (1996)Layus v. Sandiganbayan, 320 SCRA 233 (1999)Castro v. Gloria, 363 SCRA 417 (2001)Nalupta, Jr., v. Tapec, 220 SCRA 505 (1993)Office of the Court Administrator v. Librado, 260 SCRA 624 (1996)RTC Makati Movement v. Dumlao, 247 SCRA 108 (1995)Santos v. Macaraig, 208 SCRA 74 (1992)Garciano v. OE, 102 SCRA 195 (1981)

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