Public Corp. Memory Aid

8/11/2019 Public Corp. Memory Aid

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ZPG & ASSOCIATES(Zambales.Pablo.Gonzales)

LAW ON PUBLIC CORPORATIONS

1. General Principles

1. CORPORATIONan artificial being created byo eration of la!" #a$ing t#e rig#t of %&cce%%ion andt#e o!er%" attrib&te% and ro ertie% e' re%%lya&t#ori(ed by la! or incident to it% e'i%tence.a. PUBLIC CORPORATIONone for)ed andorgani(ed for t#e go$ern)ent of a ortion of t#e State.

2. Classes of Corporation:a. Public or unicipal a body olitic

and cor orate con%tit&ted byincor oration of in#abitant% of city orto!n for &r o%e% of local go$ern)ent

t#ereof or a% agency of State to a%%i%tin ci$il go$ern)ent of t#e co&ntry* onefor)ed and organi(ed for t#ego$ern)ent of a ortion of t#e State.

b. Pri!ate one for)ed for %o)e ri$ate&r o%e" benefit" ai) or end.

c. "uasi#Public a ri$ate cor orationt#at render% &blic %er$ice or %& lie%

&blic !ant%.d. "uasi#corporation &blic

cor oration% created a% agencie% ofState for narro! and li)ited &r o%e.

$. %le&ents of unicipal Corporationa. Legal creation or incor orationb. Cor orate na)ec. In#abitant%d. Territory

'. (ual Nature of unicipal Corporation+,$ery local go$ern)ent &nit created or

organi(ed i% a body olitic and cor orate endo!ed !it# o!er% to be e'erci%ed by it in confor)ity !it#la!. A% %&c#" it %#all e'erci%e o!er% a% olitical%&bdi$i%ion of t#e National -o$ern)ent and a% acor orate entity re re%enting t#e in#abitant% of it%territory.

a. Public)Go!ern&enta lit act% a% anagent of t#e State for t#e go$ern)entof t#e territory and t#e in#abitant% !it#in t#e )&nici al li)it%* it e'erci%e%by delegation a art of t#e %o$ereigntyof t#e State.

b. Pri!ate)Proprietar* it act% in a%i)ilar category a% a b&%ine%%cor oration" erfor)ing f&nction% not%trictly go$ern)ental or olitical* it%tand% for t#e co))&nity in t#ead)ini%tration of local affair%. It act% a%a %e arate entity for it% o!n &r o%e%

and not a% a %&bdi$i%ion of t#e State.

+. Criterion to ,eter&ine - et er corporation ispublic:

T#e relation%#i of t#e cor oration to t#eState" i.e." if created by t#e State a% it% o!n agency to#el t#e State in carrying o&t it% go$ern)entalf&nction%" t#en it i% &blic" ot#er!i%e" it i% ri$ate.

. (e /acto unicipal Corporation

//a cor oration t#at )ay e'i%t in fact alt#o&g# notoint of la! beca&%e of certain defect% in %o)e

e%%ential feat&re% of it% incor oration.

0. %le&ents of (e /acto unicipal Corporation:a. A $alid la! a&t#ori(ing incor oration

b. An atte) t in good fait# to organi(e&nder itc. A colorable co) liance !it# t#e la!d. An a%%&) tion of cor orate o!er%

0. T ree for&s of ,ecentrali ation:

a. (e!olution / i% t#e tran%fer of o!er anda&t#ority fro) t#e national go$ern)ent toL-U% a% t#e territorial and olitical%&bdi$i%ion% of t#e State. T#e nat&re of

o!er tran%fer i% olitical and t#e a roac#i% territorial or areal.

b. (econcentration / i% t#e tran%fer of o!er"a&t#ority or re% on%ibility" or t#e di%cretionto lan" decide and )anage fro) central

oint or local le$el%" b&t !it#in t#e central ornational go$ern)ent it%elf. T#e nat&re oft#e tran%fer i% ad)ini%trati$e and t#ea roac# i% %ectoral.

c. (ebureaucrati ation / i% t#e tran%fer of%o)e &blic f&nction% and re% on%ibilitie%" !#ic# t#e go$ern)ent )ay erfor)" to

ri$ate entitie% or non/go$ern)entalorgani(ation%* it i% eo le % e) o!er)entor artici ation in local go$ernance.

(ecentrali ation of A,&inistration# t#e central

go$ern)ent delegate% ad)ini%trati$e o!er% toolitical %&bdi$i%ion% in order to broaden t#e ba%e of

go$ern)ent o!er.

+(ecentrali ation of Po-er 3Political(ecentrali ation4# in$ol$e% abdication of olitical

o!er in fa$or of L-U % declared a&tono)o&%.(Limbonas vs. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786)

NOT%:Local Autono&*# i% %elf/go$erning. It i%

t#e granting of )ore o!er%" a&t#ority" re% on%ibilitie%and re%o&rce% to t#e lo!er or local le$el% of a

go$ern)ent %y%te). T#e rinci le of local a&tono)y&nder t#e 1230 Con%tit&tion %i) ly )ean%decentrali(ation. It doe% not )a4e t#e localgo$ern)ent %o$ereign !it#in t#e %tate or an 5i) eri&)in i) erio.

A)ong t#e reg&latory o!er% of t#e National-o$ern)ent Agencie% tran%ferred or de$ol$ed to t#e L-U%incl&de t#e follo!ing6

7. T#e recla%%ification of agric&lt&ral land%/ 8AR to citie%and )&nici alitie%

9. ,nforce)ent of en$iron)ental la!%/ 8,NR to allL-U%

:. In% ection of food rod&ct% and ;&arantine/ 8O< tocitie% and )&nici alitie%

=. T#e enforce)ent of t#e National B&ilding Code/8PW< to citie% and )&nici alitie%

. T#e roce%%ing and a ro$al of %&bdi$i%ion lan%/


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0. T#e o eration of tricycle%/ LT>RB to citie% and)&nici alitie%

3. T#e e%tabli%#)ent of coc4 it% and #olding ofcoc4fig#t%/ P#ili ine -a)efo!l Co))i%%ion to citie%and )&nici alitie%

A&on5 t e basic ser!ices an, facilities ,e!ol!e, toLGUs inclu,e:

1. Agric&lt&ral e'ten%ion and on/%ite re%earc# of t#e8e art)ent of Agric&lt&re*

7. Co))&nity/ba%ed fore%try ro?ect of t#e 8,NR*9. >ield #ealt# and #o% ital %er$ice% and ot#er tertiary

#ealt# %er$ice% of t#e 8O RA 819 4

A licable to6

a. all ro$ince%b. citie%c. )&nici alitie%d. barangay%e. and ot#er olitical bodie% a%

)ay be created by la!" andf. to t#e e'tent ro$ided in t#e

L-C i.e. de$ol&tion of o!er% 6/official%/office%" or/agencie% of t#eNational -o$ern)ent

$. Rules of Interpretation 3=ec. +> RA 819 4a. Any ro$i%ion on a local go$ern)ent &nit%#all be liberally inter reted it%fa$or" and in ca%e of do&bt" any ;&e%tiont#ereon %#all be re%ol$ed in fa$or ofde$ol&tion of o!er% and of t#e lo!er localgo$ern)ent &nit. Any fair and rea%onabledo&bt a% to t#e e'i%tence of t#e o!er %#allbe inter reted in fa$or of t#e localgo$ern)ent &nit concerned*

b. In ca%e of do&bt" any ta' ordinance orre$en&e )ea%&re %#all be con%tr&ed %trictlyagain%t t#e local go$ t &nit enacting it" andliberally in fa$or of t#e ta' ayer. Any ta'e'e) tion" incenti$e or relief granted by any

local go$ t &nit &r%&ant to t#e ro$i%ion% oft#i% Code %#all be con%tr&ed %trictly again%tt#e er%on clai)ing it*

c. T#e general !elfare ro$i%ion% in t#i%Code %#all be liberally inter reted togi$e )ore o!er% to local go$ t &nit% inaccelerating econo)ic de$elo )entand & grading t#e ;&ality of life for t#e

eo le in t#e co))&nity.

d. Rig#t% and obligation% e'i%ting on t#edate of effecti$ity of t#i% Code andari%ing o&t of contract% or any ot#er%o&rce of re%tation in$ol$ing a localgo$ t &nit %#all be go$erned by t#eoriginal ter)% and condition% of %aidcontract% or t#e la! in force at t#e ti)e%&c# rig#t% !ere $e%ted.

e. In t#e re%ol&tion of contro$er%ie%ari%ing &nder t#i% Code !#ere no legal

ro$i%ion or ?&ri% r&dence a lie%"re%ort )ay be #ad to t#e c&%to)% andtradition% in t#e lace !#ere t#econtro$er%ie% ta4e lace.

'. (eclaration of =tate Polic* o!er LGU?s3=ec. 2> RA 819 4

a. T#e territorial and olitical%&bdi$i%ion% of t#e State %#allen?oy gen&ine and )eaningf&llocal a&tono)y to enable t#e)to attain t#eir f&lle%tde$elo )ent a% %elf/reliantco))&nication% and )a4et#e) )ore effecti$e artner% int#e attain)ent of national goal%.

b. To en%&re t#e acco&ntability of

local go$ t &nit% t#ro&g# t#ein%tit&tion of effecti$e)ec#ani%)% of recall" initiati$eand referend&).

c. To re;&ire all national agencie%and office% to cond&ct eriodiccon%&ltation% !it# a ro riatelocal go$ t &nit%" non/go$ern)ental and eo le %organi(ation% and ot#erconcerned %ector% of t#eco))&nity before any ro?ector rogra) i% i) le)ented int#eir re% ecti$e ?&ri%diction%.

II. INT%R#GO@%RN %NTAL R%LATION=1. National Go!ern&ent an, Local Go!ern&ent Units

a. T#e Pre%ident %#all e'erci%e general %& er$i%iono$er L-U%.

i. T#e Pre%ident %#all e'erci%e%& er$i%ory a&t#ority directly o$er

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ro$ince%" #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% andinde endent co) onent citie%.

ii. T#e Pre%ident %#all e'erci%e %& er$i%iono$er co) onent citie% and)&nici alitie%" t#ro&g# ro$ince" ando$er barangay% t#ro&g# city and

)&nici ality. Sec. 7=T#e Pre%ident % o!er of general%& er$i%ion o$er L-U% incl&de% t#ea&t#ority to in$e%tigate and i) o%edi%ci linary )ea%&re% %&% en%ion orre)o$al & on electi$e local official%.

b. General responsibilities of t e NationalGo!ern&ent to-ar,s LGUs:

i. for)&late olicie% and %et %tandard%and g&ideline%

ii. ro$ide f&nding %& ort

iii. a&g)ent ba%ic %er$ice% a%%igned toL-U%i$. ro$ide t ec#nical and o t#er for)% of

a%%i%tance and coordinate on t#edi%c#arge of N-A f&nction%

$. en%&re t#e artici ation o f L-U% i nlanning and i) le)enting nationalro?ect%

$i. cond&ct )andatory con%&ltation% !it#L-U%

NOT%:+No ro?ect %#all be i) le)ented by go$ern)ent

a&t#oritie% !it#o&t con%&ltation !it# t#e local go$ern)ent &nit%and rior a ro$al of t#e Sangg&nian concerned. Sec.70

+T#e re;&ire)ent of rior con%&ltation a lie% only tonational ro?ect% andDor rogra)% !#ic# are to bei) le)ented in a artic&lar local co))&nity. Alt#o&g#%anctioned by t#e national go$ern)ent" t#e o eration of lotto i%neit#er a rogra) nor ro?ect of t#e national go$ern)ent b&t ofc#aritable in%tit&tion" t#e P#ili ine C#arity S!ee %ta4e% Office.T#e ro?ect% and rogra)% )entioned in Sec. 70 %#o&ld beinter reted to )ean ro?ect% and rogra)% !#o%een$iron)ental and ecological effect% are a)ong t#o%e)entioned in Sec. 7 and 70 of t#e L-C (Lina vs. Pano, G.R.No. 129093, August 30, 2001).

c. % tent of t e LC%?s aut orit* o!er NGAs an, t eirfunctionaries:

i. T#e LC, can call & on any e) loyee%tationed or a%%igned in #i% locality toad$i%e #i) on )atter% affecting t#e L-U a% !ell a% coordinate !it# %aid official%" lan%"

rogra)% and ro?ect%.ii. T#e LC, can enli%t t#e attendance of t#e

national official %tationed in t#e L-U on a)eeting of electi$e and a ointed official% oft#e L-U treating )atter% in t#e ro)otion of

t#e general !elfare of t#e re%ident%.iii. T#e LC, can al%o initiate ro er ad)ini%trati$eor ?&dicial action again%t national go$ern)entofficial or e) loyee !#o )ay #a$e co))ittedan offen%e !#ile %tationed or a%%igned in t#eL-U.

Po-er of Control an, Po-er of General

=uper!ision ,istin5uis e,:

2. Inter#Local Go!ern&ent Relations

a. T#e ro$ince" t#ro&g# t#e go$ernor" %#all en%&re t#ate$ery co) onent city and )&nici ality act% !it#in it%

o!er%.

b. T#e city or )&nici ality" t#ro&g# t#e )ayor" %#all en%&ret#at barangay% act !it#in t#e %co e of t#eir o!er%.

c. T#e go$ernor %#all re$ie! all e'ec&ti$e order%ro)&lgated by t#e )ayor. T#e )ayor %#all re$ie! order%ro)&lgated by t#e &nong barangay.

Ba%i% Po!er of Control

Po!er of-eneral

S& er$i%ionA. a% tonat&re of

o!erLegi%lati$e ,'ec&ti$e

B. a% to !#oe'erci%e%t#e o!er

Congre%%Pre%ident

a%%i%ted by t#e8IL- Secretary

C. a% to !#at t#e

o!erincl&de%

/creation"con$er%ion of

L-U% andalteration of it%

bo&ndarie%*/allocate o!er%"re% on%ibilitie%and re%o&rce%a)ong L-U%*/ ro$ide for

;&alification%"election"

a oint)ent"re)o$al" ter)"%alarie% andf&nction% andd&tie% of local

official%*/ ro$ide ot#er

)atter% relating tot#e organi(ationand o eration of

L-U%*/a)end)ent ofc#arter% of L-U%.

/o$er%ee !#et#er L-U%are erfor)ing

t#eir d&tie% inaccordance !it# la!*

/in$e%tigateand i) o%edi%ci linary

)ea%&re% & onerring electi$e

localgo$ern)ent

official%

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T#e Sangg&niang Panlala!igan of a ro$ince re$ie!%all ordinance% enacted by t#e Sangg&niang Panl&ng%od ofco) onent citie% and Sangg&niang Bayan of )&nici alitie%&nder t#eir ?&ri%diction. In t&rn" t#e Sangg&niang Panl&ng%odand Sangg&niang Bayan re$ie! all ordinance% a%%ed by t#eSanng&niang Barangay &nder t#e ?&ri%diction.

Li4e!i%e" t#e Sangg&niang Panlala!igan of aro$ince e'erci%e% t#e ;&a%i/?&dicial f&nction ad)ini%trati$edi%ci linary a&t#ority of #earing and deciding ad)ini%trati$eca%e% in$ol$ing electi$e )&nici al and co) onent city official%&nder t#eir ?&ri%diction. In t&rn" t#e Sangg&niang Panl&ng%odand Sangg&niang Bayan e'erci%e di%ci linary a&t#ority o$erelecti$e barangay official% !it#in t#eir ?&ri%diction.

$. Relations -it People?s Or5ani ations an, Non#Go!ern&ent Or5ani ations

a. Pri!ate =ector Participation in Local Go!ernanceP&r o%e6 to en%&re t#e $iability of local a&tono)y a% analternati$e %trategy for %&%tainable de$elo )ent. L-U%%#all enco&rage ri$ate/%ector artici ation in t#edeli$ery of ba%ic %er$ice%.

b. Role of POs> NGOs in t e LGUs:+L-U% %#all ro)ote t#e e%tabli%#)ent and o erationof eo le % and non/go$ern)ental organi(ation% a%acti$e artner%.

+L-U% )ay enter into ?oint $ent&re and coo erati$e

&nderta4ing% !it# eo le % and non/go$ern)entalorgani(ation% artic&larly in t#e follo!ing6

1. deli$ery of certain ba%ic %er$ice%7. ca ability b&ilding and li$eli#ood

ro?ect%* and

9. de$elo ing local enter ri%e% de%igned toi) ro$e rod&cti$ity and inco)e"di$er%ifie% agric&lt&re" % &r r&ralind&%triali(ation" and en#ance t#eecono)ic and %ocial !ell/being of t#e

eo le.

c. =pecial Local Bo,ies - ere t e pri!ate sector &a*participate in local 5o!ernance:

1. Local (e!elop&ent Council /a d&ly con%tit&ted body !#ic# %#all a%%i%t t#ecorre% onding Sangg&nian in %etting t#e direction of

econo)ic and %ocial de$elo )ent" and coordinatingde$elo )ent effort% in it% territorial ?&ri%diction.

2. Pre ualification> Bi,s an, A-ar,s Co&&ittee3PBAC4

+re% on%ible for t#e cond&ct of re;&alification ofcontractor%" bidding" e$al&ation of bid%" and t#ereco))endation of a!ard% concerning localinfra%tr&ct&re ro?ect%. +go$ernor or t#e city or )&nici ality )ayor6C#air)an

3. Local Peace an, Or,er Council> pursuant to

%.O. No.$ 6> as a&en,e,> =eries of 1600.'. Local =c ool Boar, T#e 8,CS %#all con%&lt t#e Board on t#ea oint)ent of di$i%ion %& erintendent%" di%trict%& er$i%or%" %c#ool rinci al%" and ot#er %c#ool official%.

+. Local 7ealt Boar,

9. People?s La- %nforce&ent Boar, 3PL%B4

III. CR%ATION> CON@%R=ION> (I@I=ION> %RG%R AN(CON=OLI(ATION> AN( ABOLITION O/ LGUs

A. Creation of LGUs: A local go$ern)ent &nit )ay be created" di$ided"

)erged" aboli%#ed" or it% bo&ndarie% %&b%tantially altered byla! enacted by Congre%% in t#e ca%e of a ro$ince" city")&nici ality" or ot#er olitical %&bdi$i%ion%" or by Sangg&nianPanlala!igan or Sangg&nian Panl&ng%od ordinance in t#eca%e of a barangay. Sec. NOT%:+nat&re of t#e o!er to create6 L,-ISLATIE,

1. W#ile t#e o!er to create barangay% #a% been delegatedto Sangg&nian Panlala!igan and Sangg&niang Panl&ng%od"Congre%%" in order to en#ance t#e deli$ery of ba%ic %er$ice%in indigeno&% c&lt&ral co))&nitie%" )ay create barangay% in%&c# co))&nitie% not!it#%tanding t#e re;&ire)ent% %et fort#by la!. Sec.93=a" L-C

7. T#e creation or con$er%ion of a local go$ern)ent &nit toanot#er le$el %#all be ba%ed on t#e follo!ing $erifiableindicator% of $iability and ro?ected ca acity to ro$ide%er$ice%6 a. =ufficient inco&e an, b. Population an,)or c. Lan, area NOT%: Co) liance !it# t#e abo$e/cited indicator% %#all beatte%ted by t#e 8e art)ent of >inance" t#e National Stati%tic%Office and t#e Land Fanage)ent B&rea& of t#e 8,NR"

re% ecti$ely.

$. Necessit* of /i in5 Corporate Li&its: A% a )atter of general r&le" )&nici al cor oration%cannot" !it#o&t legal a&t#ori(ation" e'erci%e it% o!er%beyond it% o!n cor orate li)it%. It i% nece%%ary t#at it )&%t#a$e it% bo&ndarie% fi'ed" definite and certain" in order t#at)ay be identified and t#at all )ay 4no! t#e e'act %co e or%ection of territory or geogra #ical di$i%ion e)braced !it#int#e cor orate li)it% and o$er !#ic# t#e )&nici al cor oration#a% ?&ri%diction. A de%cri tion of t#e bo&ndarie% of a)&nici al cor oration i% %aid to be an e%%ential art of it%c#arter and nece%%ary to cor orate e'i%tence. An

incor oration i% $oid !#ere t#e bo&ndarie% of t#e )&nici alcor oration are not de%cribed !it# certainty.

'. anner of Creation1. Creation of Baran5a*s:

a. Role: %er$e% a% t#e ri)ary lanning andi) le)enting &nit of go$ern)ent olicie%" lan% rogra)%"

ro?ect% and acti$itie% in t#e co))&nity" and a% a for&) !#erein t#e collecti$e $ie!% of t#e eo le )ay be e' re%%ed"cry%talli(ed and con%idered" and !#ere di% &te% )ay bea)icably %ettled.

b. o creates: a barangay )ay be created"di$ided" )erged" aboli%#ed or it% bo&ndary %&b%tantiallyaltered by la! or by an ordinance of t#e Sangg&niangPanlala!igan or Sangg&niang Panl&ng%od. W#ere abarangay i% created by an ordinance of t#e Sangg&niangPanlala!igan" t#e reco))endation of t#e Sangg&niangBayan concerned %#all be nece%%ary.

c. =ubstanti!e Re uisites:1. Po &lation/ at lea%t 7@@@ in#abitant%

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+,'ce t in citie% and )&nici alitie% !it#in FetroFanila or in #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie%)&%t be atlea%t =@@@ in#abitant%

7. Inco)e/ no )ini)&) inco)e re;&ire)ent

9. Land Area/ no )ini)&) re;&ire)ent" b&t it)&%t be contig&o&% b&t it need not becontig&o&% if t#e barangay i% co) ri%ed !it#t!o or )ore i%land%.

NOT%:+T#e creation of t#e ne! barangay %#all not #o!e$er red&cet#e o &lation of t#e original barangay to le%% t#an t#e)ini)&) re;&ire)ent re%cribed in t#e Code. Sec.93 "L-C

2. Creation of unicipalities a. Role: %er$e% ri)arily a% a general &r o%ego$ern)ent for t#e coordination and deli$ery of ba%ic" reg&larand direct %er$ice% and effecti$e go$ernance of t#ein#abitant% !it#in it% territorial ?&ri%diction.

b. o creates: )ay be created" di$ided" )erged"aboli%#ed or it% bo&ndary %&b%tantially altered only by an actof Congre%% %&b?ect to t#e criteria e%tabli%#ed by t#e Code.

c. =ubstanti!e Re uisites:1. Po &lation/ at lea%t 7="@@@ in#abitant%7. Inco)e/ a$erage ann&al inco)e of at lea%t

P7.= )illion for t#e la%t t!o con%ec&ti$e year%ba%ed on t#e 1221 con%tant rice%.

9. Land Area/ a contig&o&% territory of =@ %;&are

4ilo)eter%.

$. Creation of Co&ponent Cities a. Role# %er$e% ri)arily a% a general &r o%ego$ern)ent for t#e coordination and deli$ery of ba%ic" reg&larand direct %er$ice% and effecti$e go$ernance of t#ein#abitant% !it#in it% territorial ?&ri%diction.

b. o creates# )ay be created" di$ided" )ergedor aboli%#ed" or it% bo&ndary %&b%tantially altered only by anact of Congre%% %&b?ect to t#e criteria ro$ided in t#e Code.

c. =ubstanti!e Re uisites:

1. Po &lation/ at lea%t 1=@"@@@ in#abitant%7. Inco)e/ at lea%t P1@@ )illion for t#e la%t t!ocon%ec&ti$e year%

9. Land Area/ contig&o&% territory of at lea%t1@@ %;&are 4ilo)eter%

NOT%: +T#e Internal Re$en&e Allot)ent% %#all be incl&dedin t#e co) &tation of t#e a$erage ann&al inco)e of t#e)&nici ality for &r o%e% of deter)ining !#et#er t#e)&nici ality )ay be $alidly con$erted into a city. Inco)e i%defined in t#e L-C to be all re$en&e% and recei t% collectedor recei$ed for)ing t#e gro%% accretion% of f&nd% of t#e local

go$ern)ent &nit. T#e IRA% are reg&lar and rec&rring inco)eand not )erely % ecial f&nd% or tran%fer% andDor b&dgetaryaid% fro) t#e national go$ern)ent or non/rec&rring inco)e.T#e IRA% reg&larly and a&to)atically accr&e to t#e localtrea%&ry !it#o&t need of any f&rt#er action on t#e art of t#elocal go$ern)ent &nit (Alvarez vs. Guingona, ! SCRA6"!) .

'. Con!ersion of a Co&ponent Cit* into a 7i5 l*Urbani e, Cit*

a. If a co) onent city %#all #a$e )et t#e )ini)&)re;&ire)ent% for a #ig#ly &rbani(ed city" it %#all be t#e d&ty oft#e Pre%ident to declare t#e city a% #ig#ly &rbani(ed city& on6 1 ro er a lication and 7 & on ratification in a

lebi%cite by t#e )a?ority of regi%tered $oter% t#erein.

b. =ubstanti!e Re uisites:1. Po &lation/ at lea%t 7@@"@@@ in#abitant%7. Inco)e/ at lea%t P=@ )illion

+. Creation of Pro!inces a. Role# a% a olitical and cor orate &nit ofgo$ern)ent" it %er$e% a% a dyna)ic )ec#ani%) forde$elo )ent roce%%e% and effecti$e go$ernance of localgo$ern)ent &nit% !it#in it% territorial ?&ri%diction.

b. o creates# )ay be created" di$ided" )erged"or aboli%#ed" or it% bo&ndary %&b%tantially altered" only by anact of Congre%%" %&b?ect to t#e %ati%faction of t#e criteria %etfort# by t#e L-C.

c. =ubstanti!e Re uire&ents:1. Po &lation/ not le%% t#an 7=@"@@@ in#abitant%7. Inco)e/ a$erage ann&al inco)e of at lea%t

P7@ )illion3. Land Area/ a contig&o&% territory of at lea%t

7@@@ %;&are 4ilo)eter%

NOT%: +BP 33=" !#ic# created t#e Pro$ince of Negro% delNorte !a% declared &ncon%tit&tional beca&%e it did not co) ly !it# t#e land area criterion re%cribed &nder t#e L-C. T#e&%e of t#e !ord territory in Sec. 10 of t#e L-C refer% only tot#e #y%ical )a%% of land area" not to t#e !ater% co) ri%ing a

olitical entity. It e'cl&de% t#e !ater% o$er !#ic# t#e olitical&nit e'erci%e% control (#an vs. Comele$, 1% SCRA 7 7).

9. =tatus of =ub#pro!inces ,'i%ting %&b/ ro$ince% are con$erted into reg&lar

ro$ince% & on t#e a ro$al by a )a?ority $ote% ca%t in alebi%cite to be #eld in t#e %aid %&b/ ro$ince and t#e originalro$ince directly affected. Sec.: 7" L-C

8. Autono&ous Re5ions T#e P#ili ine Con%tit&tion )andate% t#e creation ofa&tono)o&% region% in F&%li) Findanao and in t#e

Cordillera% con%i%ting of ro$ince%" citie%" )&nici alitie%" angeogra #ical area% %#aring co))on and di%tincti$e #i%toricaland c&lt&ral #eritage" and econo)ic and %ocial c&lt&re%.

Sec.1=" Art.1@" PC NOT%:

+RA 09:" t#e organic act e%tabli%#ing t#eA&tono)o&% Regional -o$ern)ent of F&%li) Findanao !a%#eld $alid by t#e S& re)e Co&rt.(&a'u ir ausi Abbas vs.C*M+L+C, 17" SCRA 87).


6/20


NOT,6 +Wit# t#e a%%age of RA 027:" Fetro olitan Fanila !a% declared a% a 5% ecial de$elo )ent and ad)ini%trati$eregionH and t#e ad)ini%tration of 5)etro!ide ba%ic %er$ice%affecting t#e region !a% laced &nder a 5de$elo )enta&t#orityH referred to a% t#e Fetro olitan Fanila 8e$elo )ent

A&t#ority FF8A " !#o%e f&nction% !ere !it#o&t re?&dice tot#e a&tono)y of t#e affected local go$ern)ent &nit%. T#e la!doe% not grant olice nor legi%lati$e o!er% to FF8A. ,$ent#e Fetro Fanila Co&ncil" t#e go$erning board of t#e FF8A"#a% not been delegated any legi%lati$e o!er. Clearly" FF8Ai% not a olitical &nit. T#ere i% no grant of a&t#ority to enactordinance% and reg&lation% for t#e general !elfare of t#ein#abitant% of t#e )etro oli%. FF8A cannot o en for &blic&%e a ri$ate road in a ri$ate %&bdi$i%ion(MM&A vs. el-Air

illage Asso$ia'ion, /n$., G.R. o. 1 !"6 , Mar$2 7, 000).

6. AttacD a5ainst in!ali,it* of incorporationNo collateral attac4 %#all lie* an in;&iry into t#e legal

e'i%tence of a )&nici al cor oration i% re%er$ed to t#e Statein a roceeding for ;&o !arranto or ot#er direct roceeding.B&t t#i% r&le a lie% only !#en t#e )&nici al cor oration i%" atlea%t" a de facto )&nici al cor oration.

[email protected]%BI=CIT% R%"UIR% %NT: W#o %#all artici ate Sec. 1@ of t#e L-C ro$ide% t#at t#e creation" di$i%ionand )erger" abolition or %&b%tantial alteration of t#ebo&ndarie% of local go$ern)ent &nit% )&%t be a ro$ed by a)a?ority of $ote% ca%t in a lebi%cite in t#e olitical &nit or&nit% directly affected. S&c# lebi%cite %#all be cond&cted byt#e COF,L,C !it#in 17@ day% fro) t#e date of t#e effecti$ityof t#e la!. T#e co) letion of t#e &blication of t#e la!

%#o&ld be t#e rec4oning oint in deter)ining t#e 17@/dayeriod !it#in !#ic# to cond&ct t#e lebi%cite" not fro) t#e

date of it% a ro$al !#en t#e la! #ad not yet been &bli%#ed.Since &blication i% indi% en%able for t#e effecti$ity of a la!" a

lebi%cite can be %c#ed&led only after t#e la! creating a citytoo4 effect.(Ca3aling vs. C*M+L+C, *$'. 6, 00 ) T#e lebi%cite for t#e creation of a ne! ro$ince or)&nici ality %#all incl&de t#e artici ation of t#e re%ident% oft#e )ot#er ro$ince or )ot#er )&nici ality in order toconfor) to t#e con%tit&tional re;&ire)ent.(4a illa vs.C*M+L+C, 1% SCRA 7 !)

+In t#e con$er%ion of a )&nici ality into a co) onent

city" #o!e$er" only t#e regi%tered $oter% of t#e )&nici ality%o&g#t to be con$erted into a co) onent city" %#all artici atein t#e lebi%cite.

=u&&ar* of =ubstanti!e Re uire&ents in t e Creation ofLGUs

L-U Created Inco)e Po &lation Land area

Barangay No )ini)&)re;&ire)ent

7"@@@ b&t="@@@ for

FetroFanila and

#ig#ly&rbani(ed

citie%

No )ini)&)re;&ire)ent

F&nici ality P7.= )illion 7="@@@" and =@ %;.4)Co) onent

City P1@@ )illion 1=@"@@@ or 1@@ %;.4).


7/20


%tate )ay be re;&ired to %#are in t#e ay)entof %aid indebtedne%%.

=. On t#e debt% and obligation% of t#e anne'edterritory/ It #a% been %tated t#at debt% andobligation% of a )&nici al cor orationcontracted before it% anne'ation to anot#er

territory %#all be a%%&)ed by t#e anne'ingterritory in t#e ab%ence of any ro$i%ion to t#econtrary. T#e %a)e r&le a lie% ofcon%olidation !#ere t#e con%olidating)&nici al cor oration i% #eld re% on%ible fort#e indebtedne%% and obligation% inc&rred byt#e territorie% !#ic# are con%olidated.

1+. %ffects of (i!ision of LGUs On t#e legal e'i%tence of t#e original cor oration6 T#edi$i%ion of )&nici al cor oration e'ting&i%#e% t#e cor oratee'i%tence of t#e original )&nici ality. On t#e ro erty" o!er% and rig#t% of t#e originalcor oration6 Unle%% t#e la! ro$ide% ot#er!i%e" !#en a)&nici al cor oration i% di$ided into t!o or )ore)&nici alitie%" eac# )&nici ality ac;&ire% title to all t#e

ro erty" o!er%" rig#t% and obligation% falling !it#in it%territorial ?&ri%diction.

I@. G%N%RAL PO %R= AN( ATTRIBUT%= O/ LGUsA. Po-ers in 5eneral

1. =ources: a. Sec. 7=" Art II6 Sec%. =" and 0" Art. G" P#ili ineCon%tit&tion b. Stat&te%" e.g." R.A. 01 @

c. C#arter artic&larly of citie% d. 8octrine of t#e rig#t of %elf/go$ern)ent" b&t a lie%only in State% !#ic# ad#ere to t#e doctrine.

2. Classifications: a. ,' re%%" i) lied and in#erent b. P&blic or go$ern)ental" ri$ate or ro rietary c. Intra)&ral or e'tra)&ral d. Fandatory and directory" )ini%terial and di%cretionary

9. ,'ec&tion of o!er%6 a. W#ere t#e %tat&te re%cribe% t#e )anner of e'erci%e"

t#e roced&re )&%t be follo!ed. b. W#ere t#e %tat&te i% %ilent" local go$ern)ent &nit%#a$e di%cretion to %elect rea%onable )ean% and )et#od% ofe'erci%e.

B. GO@%RN %NTAL PO %R=:1. General elfare Clause# t#e %tat&tory grant of olice

o!er to local go$ern)ent &nit%.Li&itations:

a. ,' re%% grant by la!b. ,'erci%able only !it#in t#e territorial li)it% of t#e L-U"e'ce t for rotection of !ater %& lyc. ,;&al rotection cla&%ed. 8&e roce%% cla&%ee. F&%t not be contrary to t#e Con%tit&tion and t#e la!%.

NOT%:A local go$ern)ent &nit )ay e'erci%e delegated

go$ern)ental o!er%6+Police o!er &nder t#e -eneral Welfare Cla&%e+ Po!er of Ta'ation+ Po!er of ,)inent 8o)ain

a. Re uisites for t e !ali,it* of a &unicipal or,inance:

1. F&%t not contra$ene t#e Con%tit&tion and any%tat&te*

7. F&%t not be &nfair or o re%%i$e*9. F&%t not be artial or di%cri)inatory*:. F&%t not ro#ibit" b&t )ay reg&late trade !#ic# i%

not illegal er %e*

=. F&%t not be &nrea%onable* and. F&%t be general in a lication and con%i%tent !it#&blic olicy.

+An ordinance e'tending b&rial a%%i%tance of P=@@ to aberea$ed fa)ily !#o%e gro%% inco)e doe% not e'ceedP7"@@@ a )ont#" #a% been & #eld by t#e S& re)e Co&rt a% a$alid e'erci%e of olice o!er. T#i% o!er i% organic andfle'ible. T#e care for t#e oor i% generally recogni(ed a% a

&blic d&ty. T#e %& ort for t#e oor #a% long been anacce ted e'erci%e of olice o!er in t#e ro)otion ofco))on good. T#e olice o!er of a )&nici al cor orationi% broad and co))en%&rate !it# t#e d&ty to ro$ide for t#ereal need% of t#e eo le in t#eir #ealt#" %afety" co)fort" andcon$enience a% con%i%tently a% )ay be !it# ri$ate rig#t%. Ite'tend% to all t#e great &blic need% and in a broad %en%eincl&de% all legi%lation and al)o%t e$ery f&nction of t#e)&nici al go$ern)ent. ( ina5 vs. &omingo, 01 SCRA!08)

2. Basic =er!ices an, /acilities: 10" L-C a Local go$ern)ent &nit% %#all endea$or tobe %elf/reliant and %#all contin&e e'erci%ing t#e o!er% anddi%c#arging t#e d&tie% and f&nction% c&rrently $e%ted & ont#e). T#ey %#all al%o di%c#arge t#e f&nction% andre% on%ibilitie% of national agencie% and office% de$ol$ed to

t#e) &r%&ant to t#i% Code. Local go$ern)ent &nit% %#allli4e!i%e e'erci%e %&c# ot#er o!er% and di%c#arge %&c#ot#er f&nction% and re% on%ibilitie% a% are nece%%arya ro riate" or incidental to efficient and effecti$e ro$i%ion oft#e ba%ic %er$ice% and facilitie% en&)erated &nder t#e Code.

+8e$ol&tion refer% to t#e act by !#ic# t#e nationalgo$ern)ent confer% o!er% and a&t#ority & on t#e $ario&%local go$ern)ent &nit% to erfor) % ecific f&nction% andre% on%ibilitie%. T#i% incl&de% t#e tran%fer to t#e locago$ern)ent &nit% of t#e record%" e;&i )ent and ot#er a%%et%and er%onnel of national agencie% and office%.

$. Po-er to 5enerate an, appl* resources 3E10> LGC4 T#e e'erci%e by local go$ern)ent% of t#e o!er to ta'i% ordained by t#e re%ent Con%tit&tion =" Art. G" P#il.Con%tit&tion . Only g&ideline% and li)itation% t#at )ay bee%tabli%#ed by Congre%% can define and li)it %&c# o!er oflocal go$ern)ent%. B&t local go$ern)ent% #a$e no o!er tota' in%tr&)entalitie% of t#e National -o$ern)ent. PA-CORbeing an in%tr&)entality of t#e National -o$ern)ent i%t#erefore e'e) t fro) local ta'e%. ( as$o vs. 4AGC*R,1"7 SCRA ! )

ain =ources of Re!enues of LGUsA. Under t#e Con%tit&tion

1. ta'e%" fee% and c#arge% =" Art. G2. %#are in t#e national ta'e%/ Internal

Re$en&e Allot)ent$. %#are in t#e roceed% of t#e &tili(ation

and de$elo )ent of t#e national !ealt# !it#in t#eir area% 0" Art. G

B. Under t#e Local -o$ern)ent Code1. floating of bond%2. grant%Daid%

7


8/20


+All L-U% are e) o!ered to create t#eir o!n %o&rce% ofre$en&e and to le$y ta'e%" fee% and c#arge% %&b?ect to t#e

ro$i%ion% on local ta'ation con%i%tent !it# t#e ba%ic olicy oflocal a&tono)y. T#e Sangg&nian concerned t#ro&g# anordinance #a% t#e o!er to i) o%e a ta'" fee or c#arge. T#e

roced&ral re;&ire)ent% of &blic #earing and &blication

)&%t be ob%er$ed for &r o%e% of co) liance !it# t#ere;&ire)ent% of d&e roce%%.

C. /un,a&ental Principles on Local ta ation1. Ta'ation %#all be &nifor) in eac# local go$ern)ent

&nit*7. Ta'e%" fee%" c#arge% and ot#er i) o%ition% %#all6a. be e;&itable and ba%ed a% far a% racticable on t#e

ta' ayer % ability to ay*b. be le$ied and collected only for &blic &r o%e%*c. not be &n?&%t" e'ce%%i$e" o re%%i$e or

confi%catory*d. not be contrary to la!" &blic olicy" national

econo)ic olicy" or in re%traint of trade.9. T#e collection of ta'e%" fee%" c#arge% and ot#er

i) o%ition% %#all in no ca%e be let to any ri$ateer%on%*

:. T#e re$en&e collected &r%&ant to t#e ro$i%ion% oft#e L-C %#all in&re %olely to t#e benefit of" and be%&b?ect to di% o%ition by" t#e local go$ern)ent &nitle$ying t#e ta'" fee" c#arge or ot#er i) o%ition&nle%% ot#er!i%e % ecifically ro$ided #erein* and

=. ,ac# local go$ern)ent &nit %#all" a% far a%racticable" e$ol$e a rogre%%i$e %y%te) of

ta'ation.

NOT%=:

= ares of LGUs in t e procee,s of national ta es T#e %#are of t#e L-U in Internal Re$en&e Ta'e% i%:@J. T#e :@J IRA i% allocated to L-U% a% follo!%6 for

ro$ince% and citie%/ 79J* for )&nici alitie%/ 9:J* forbarangay%/ 7@J. No le%% t#an 7@J of t#e IRA i% allotted forde$elo )ent ro?ect by t#e local &nit fro) t#e IRA.

= ares in National ealt :@J of t#e gro%% collection fro) )ining ta'e%"royaltie%" fore%try and fi%#ery c#arge%" and fro) eac# %#are inany ?oint effort in &tili(ing and de$elo ing t#e national !ealt# !it#in t#e L-U % ?&ri%diction and %#all be re)itted !it#o&t

need for f&rt#er action to t#e local trea%&rer on a ;&arterlyba%i% !it#in fi$e day% after t#e end of e$ery ;&arter. L-U% %#all recei$e 1J of t#e gro%% %ale or recei t% oft#e receding calendar year and :@J of ta'e%" fee% orc#arge% t#at -OCC% !o&ld #a$e aid if not ta' e'e) t" !#ic#e$er i% #ig#er.

7o- National ealt is (istribute, If t#e national !ealt# i% located in one ro$ince" t#e

ro$ince %#all recei$e 7@J" t#e co) onent cityD)&nici ality%#all recei$e :=J and t#e barangay% 9=J. If t#e national !ealt# i% located in t!o or )ore L-U%"di%trib&tion %#all be ba%ed on t#e follo!ing6 o &lation/ 0@Jand land area/ 9@J. If t#e national !ealt# i% located in #ig#ly &rbani(ed cityor inde endent co) onent city" t#e or &blic &%e or &r o%e or !elfare" for t#e benefit of t#e

oor and t#e landle%%*9. Only after a $alid and definite offer #ad been )ade to" andnot acce ted by" t#e o!ner*:. An L-U %#all file a co) laint for e' ro riation on t#e%trengt# of an ordinance and not a )ere re%ol&tion a%%ed byt#e Sangg&nian. F&nici ality of Parana;&e $%. EF RealtyCor ." 727 SCRA 0

8


9/20


+T#e ro)&lgation of t#e ordinance a&t#ori(ing t#e localc#ief e'ec&ti$e to e'erci%e t#e o!er )&%t be ro)&lgated

rior to t#e filing of t#e co) laint for e)inent do)ain !it# t#ero er co&rt" and not after t#e co&rt %#all #a$e deter)ined

t#e a)o&nt of ?&%t co) en%ation to !#ic# t#e defendant i%

entitled.( eirs o Sugui'an vs. Ci'5 o Man alu5ong, 8

SCRA 1 7)

NOT%:+An L-U )ay i))ediately ta4e o%%e%%ion of t#e ro erty& on filing of e' ro riation roceeding% and de o%it in co&rtof 1=J of t#e >FE of t#e ro erty. +. Ot er po-ers

a. Reclassification of lan,s 3E2 > RA 819 4 A city or )&nici ality )ay" t#ro&g# an ordinance

a%%ed after cond&cting &blic #earing% for t#e&r o%e" )ay a&t#ori(e t#e recla%%ification of

agric&lt&ral land% and ro$ide for t#e )anner oft#eir &tili(ation or t#eir di% o%ition6

i. W#en t#e land cea%e% to be econo)icallyfea%ible and %o&nd for agric&lt&ral

&r o%e% a% deter)ined by t#e8e art)ent of Agric&lt&re*

ii. W#ere t#e land %#all #a$e %&b%tantiallygreater econo)ic $al&e for re%idential"co))ercial or ind&%trial &r o%e% a%deter)ined by t#e %angg&nian* provided t#at%&c# recla%%ification %#all be li)ited to t#efollo!ing ercentage of t#e total agric&lt&ralland area at t#e ti)e of t#e a%%age of t#eordinance6

+for #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% and inde endentco) onent citie%6 1=J+for co) onent citie% and 1%t to 9rd cla%%)&nici alitie%6 1@J+for : t# and t# cla%% )&nici alitie%6 =J

Provided t#at agric&lt&ral land di%trib&ted to land refor)beneficiarie% %#all not be affected by %&c# recla%%ification.

b. Closure an, openin5 of roa,s 3E21> RA 819 4A local go$ern)ent &nit )ay" &r%&ant to

an ordinance" er)anent or te) orarily clo%e or o en any

local road" alley" ar4" or %;&are falling !it#in it% ?&ri%diction"ro$ided t#at in ca%e of er)anent clo%&re" %&c# ordinance)&%t be a ro$ed by at lea%t 7D9 of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e%angg&nian" and !#en nece%%ary" and ade;&ate %&b%tit&tefor t#e &blic facility %#all be ro$ided.

NOT%: +Additional li)itation% in ca%e of er)anent clo%&re6

i. Ade;&ate ro$i%ion for t#e )aintenance of &blic%afety )&%t be )ade*

ii. T#e ro erty )ay be &%ed or con$eyed for any&r o%e for !#ic# ot#er real ro erty )ay be

la!f&lly &%ed or con$eyed" b&t no freedo) ar4%#all be clo%ed er)anently !it#o&t ro$i%ion for it%tran%fer or relocation to a ne! %ite.

+Te) orary clo%&re )ay be )ade d&ring an act&ale)ergency" fie%ta celebration%" &blic rallie%" etc.

c. Na&in5 of LGUs> public places> streets an,structures

1. Pro!inces / T#e %angg&niang anlala!igan )ayc#ange t#e na)e of t#e follo!ing !it#in it% territorial ?&ri%diction6

i. Co) onent citie% and )&nici alitie%"& on t#e reco))endation of t#e %angg&niangconcerned*

ii. Pro$incial road%" a$en&e%" bo&le$ard%"t#oro&g#fare% and bridge%*

iii. P&blic $ocational or tec#nical %c#ool%

and ot#er o%t %econdary and tertiary %c#ool%*i$. Pro$incial #o% ital%" #ealt# center%"and ot#er #ealt# facilitie%* and

$. Any ot#er &blic lace or b&ildingo!ned by t#e ro$incial go$ern)ent.

2. 7i5 l* Urbani e, an, In,epen,entCo&ponent Cities# T#e %angg&nian% of


10/20


+In any c#ange of na)e" t#e Office of t#e Pre%ident" t#ere re%entati$e of t#e legi%lati$e di%trict concerned" and t#eB&rea& of Po%t% %#all be notified. 19" L-C

,. =ettle&ent of boun,ar* ,isputes 3E110 a#,>RA 819 4:

Bo&ndary di% &te% bet!een and a)onglocal go$ern)ent &nit% %#all" a% )&c# a% o%%ible"be %ettled a)icably. To t#i% end6

a. Bo&ndary di% &te% in$ol$ing t!oor )ore barangay% in t#e %a)ecity or )&nici ality %#all bereferred for %ettle)ent to t#e%angg&niang anl&ng%od or%angg&niang bayan concerned.

b. Bo&ndary di% &te% in$ol$ing t!oor )ore )&nici alitie% !it#in t#e%a)e ro$ince %#all be referredfor %ettle)ent to t#e%angg&niang anlala!iganconcerned.

c. Bo&ndary di% &te% in$ol$ing)&nici alitie% or co) onentcitie% of different ro$ince% %#allbe ?ointly referred for %ettle)entto t#e %angg&nian% of t#e

ro$ince% concerned.d. Bo&ndary di% &te% in$ol$ing a

co) onent city or )&nici alityon t#e one #and and a #ig#ly&rbani(ed city on t#e ot#er" ort!o or )ore #ig#ly &rbani(edcitie%" %#all be ?ointly referred for

%ettle)ent to t#e re% ecti$e%angg&nian% of t#e artie%.

Proce,ure:In t#e e$ent t#e %angg&nian fail% to effect an

a)icable %ettle)ent !it#in @ day% fro) t#e date t#e di% &te !a% referred t#ereto" it %#all i%%&e a certification to t#at effect.T#ereafter" t#e di% &te %#all be for)ally tried by t#e%angg&nian concerned !#ic# %#all decide t#e i%%&e !it#in @day% fro) t#e date of t#e certification referred to abo$e.

Wit#in t#e ti)e and )anner re%cribed by t#e R&le%of Co&rt" any arty )ay ele$ate t#e deci%ion of t#e%angg&nian concerned" any arty )ay ele$ate t#e deci%ion oft#e %angg&nian concerned to t#e ro er Regional Trial Co&rt

#a$ing ?&ri%diction o$er t#e area in di% &te. T#e RegionalTrial Co&rt %#all decide t#e a eal !it#in one 1 year fro)t#e filing t#ereof. Pending final re%ol&tion of t#e ca%e" t#edi% &ted area rior to t#e di% &te %#all be )aintained andcontin&ed for all legal &r o%e%. 112" L-C

e. Aut orit* o!er police units 3E9> Art. F@I>P ilippine Constitution4

T#e State %#all e%tabli%# and )aintain one oliceforce" !#ic# %#all be national in %co e and ci$ilian inc#aracter" to be ad)ini%tered and controlled by a NationalPolice Co))i%%ion. T#e a&t#ority of local e'ec&ti$e% o$ert#e olice &nit% in t#eir ?&ri%diction %#all be ro$ided by la!.

9. LOCAL L%GI=LATI@% PO %RA. Pro,ucts of le5islati!e action

1. Or,inance# re%cribe% a r&le ofcond&ct.

7. Resolution# of te) orary c#aracter" ore' re%%e% %enti)ent.

B. Re uisites for !ali,it*:1. F&%t not contra$ene t#e Con%tit&tion

and any %tat&te

7. F&%t not be &nfair or o re%%i$e9. F&%t not be artial or di%cri)inatory:. F&%t not ro#ibit" b&t )ay reg&late

trade=. F&%t not be &nrea%onable

. F&%t be general in a lication and

con%i%tent !it# &blic olicy. Appro!al of or,inances:

Ordinance% a%%ed by t#e %angg&nianganlala!igan" %angg&niang anl&ng%od or %angg&niang

bayan %#all be a ro$ed6If t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e a ro$e% t#e %a)e" affi'ing #i%%ignat&re on eac# and e$ery age t#ereof.If t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e $etoe% t#e %a)e" and t#e $eto i%o$erridden by 7D9 $ote of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e %angg&nian.

+W#ere etitioner !a% c#arged !it# fal%ification of a &blicdoc&)ent for a ro$ing a re%ol&tion !#ic# &r ortedlya ro riated )oney to ay for t#e ter)inal lea$e of 7e) loyee% !#en act&ally no %&c# re%ol&tion !a% a%%ed" t#e

etitioner arg&ed t#at #i% %ignat&re on t#e re%ol&tion !a%)erely )ini%terial. T#e S& re)e Co&rt di%agreed" %ayingt#at t#e grant of t#e $eto o!er accord% t#e Fayor t#edi%cretion !#et#er or not to a ro$e t#e re%ol&tion.(&e LosRe5es vs. San iganba5an, G.R. 1 1 1!, ov. 1 , 1""7)

NOT%=:

1. T#e $ice go$ernor" t#e $ice )ayor and t#e &nongbarangay %#all be t#e re%iding officer of t#e %angg&nian% b&t%#all $ote only in ca%e of tie.

7. In ca%e of inability of t#e re%iding officer" t#e )e)ber%%#all elect a te) orary re%iding officer fro) a)ongt#e)%el$e%. :2

9. >or di%orderly be#a$ior and ab%ence !it#o&t ?&%tifiableca&%e for : con%ec&ti$e %e%%ion%" a )e)ber )ay becen%&red" re ri)anded" e'cl&ded fro) t#e %e%%ion"%&% ended for not )ore t#an @ day%" or e' elled.S&% en%ion or e' &l%ion %#all re;&ire conc&rrence of at lea%t7D9 of all %angg&nian )e)ber%. A )e)ber %entenced by final ?&dg)ent to i) ri%on)ent for at lea%t one year for a cri)ein$ol$ing )oral t&r it&de %#all be a&to)atically e' elled.

=@

:. ,$ery %angg&nian )e)ber" & on a%%&) tion of office%#all )a4e a f&ll di%clo%&re of #i% b&%ine%% and financiaintere%t%.


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)ay be recon%idered at t#e % ecial %e%%ion e'ce t t#o%e%tated in t#e notice. =7

. A )a?ority of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e %angg&nian %#allcon%tit&te a ;&or&). =9

0. An ordinance %#all be a ro$ed by t#e local c#ief

e'ec&ti$e by affi'ing #i% %ignat&re in eac# and e$ery aget#ereof.

3. T#e go$ernor or )ayor )ay $eto any ite) in t#e follo!ingca%e%6

a. Partic&lar ite) or ite)% in an a ro riation%ordinance

b. Ordinance ado ting a local de$elo )ent lan and&blic in$e%t)ent rogra)

c. Ordinance directing t#e ay)ent of )oney orcreating liability. ==

2. T#e gro&nd% for $eto are6a. T#e ordinance i% &ltra $ire%b. Or t#at it i% re?&dicial to &blic !elfare

1@. T#e $eto %#all be co))&nicated to t#e %angg&nian !it#in1= day% in t#e ca%e of a ro$ince and 1@ day% in t#e ca%e of acity or )&nici ality* ot#er!i%e" t#e ordinance %#all be dee)eda ro$ed" a% if #e %igned it. T#e %angg&nian )ay o$erridet#e $eto by 7D9 of all it% )e)ber%. =:

11. Ordinance% enacted by t#e %angg&niang barangay %#all"& on a ro$al by a )a?ority of all it% )e)ber%" be %igned byt#e P&nong Barangay. T#e latter #a% no $eto o!er.

17. Re$ie!

a. T#e %angg&niang anlala!igan %#all re$ie!ordinance% and re%ol&tion of citie% and)&nici alitie% to deter)ine if t#ey are !it#in t#eir

o!er. =Proced&re6

Wit#in 9 day% after a ro$al" t#e%ecretary of t#e %angg&niang anl&ng%od inco) onent citie% or %angg&niang bayan %#allfor!ard to t#e %angg&niang anlala!igan for re$ie!co ie% of a ro$ed ordinance% and re%ol&tion%a ro$ing t#e local de$elo )ent lan% and &blicin$e%t)ent rogra)% for)&lated by t#e localde$elo )ent co&ncil%. T#e %angg&niang

anlala!igan %#all re$ie! t#e %a)e !it#in 9@ day%*if it find% t#at t#e ordinance or re%ol&tion i% beyondt#e o!er conferred & on t#e %angg&niang

anl&ng%od or %angg&niang bayan concerned" it%#all declare %&c# ordinance or re%ol&tion in$alid in !#ole or in art. If no action i% ta4en !it#in 9@day%" t#e ordinance or re%ol&tion i% re%&)edcon%i%tent !it# la!" and t#erefore" $alid.

b. T#e %angg&niang anl&ng%od or bayan %#all re$ie!%angg&niang barangay ordinance% to deter)ine ift#ey are la!f&l. =0

+Proced&re6Wit#in 1@ day% fro) enact)ent" t#e %angg&niang

barangay %#all f&rni%# co ie% of all barangay ordinance%to t#e %angg&niang anl&ng%od or %angg&niang bayanfor re$ie!. If t#e re$ie!ing %angg&nian find% t#ebarangay ordinance% incon%i%tent !it# la! or city or)&nici al ordinance%" t#e %angg&niang concerned %#all" !it#in 9@ day% fro) recei t t#ereof" ret&rn t#e %a)e !it#it% co))ent% and reco))endation% to t#e %angg&niangbarangay for ad?&%t)ent" a)end)ent or )odification" in !#ic# ca%e t#e effeti$ity of t#e ordinance i% %&% ended

&ntil t#e re$i%ion called for i% effected. If no action i%ta4en by t#e %angg&niang anl&ng%od or %angg&niangbayan !it#in 9@ day%" t#e ordinance i% dee)eda ro$ed.

1$. %nforce&ent of ,isappro!e, or,inances)resolutions:

Any atte) t to enforce an ordinance or re%ol&tiona ro$ing t#e local de$elo )ent lan and &blic in$e%t)entrogra)" after t#e di%a ro$al t#ereof" %#all be %&fficient

gro&nd for t#e %&% en%ion or di%)i%%al of t#e official ore) loyee concerned.

1'. %ffecti!it*a. Unle%% ot#er!i%e %tated in t#e ordinance" it %#all

ta4e effect after 1@ day% fro) o%ting at t#ero$incial ca itol or city" )&nici al or barangay #all

and t!o ot#er con% ic&o&% lace%.b. T#e gi%t of all ordinance% !it# enal %anction %#all

be &bli%#ed in a ne!% a er of general circ&lationin t#e ro$ince. In t#e ab%ence of %&c# ne!% a er"t#e ordinance %#all be o%ted in all )&nici alitie%and citie% of t#e ro$ince !#ere t#e %angg&nian oforigin i% %it&ated.

c. In #ig#ly &rbani(ed and inde endent co) onentcitie%" in addition to o%ting" t#e )ain feat&re% oft#e ordinance %#all be &bli%#ed in a localne!% a er of general circ&lation. In t#e ab%ence of%&c# ne!% a er" it %#all be &bli%#ed in anyne!% a er of general circ&lation. =2

C. Corporate Po-ers 3E22> RA 819 41. To #a$e contin&o&% %&cce%%ion in it% cor orate na)e7. To %&e and be %&ed

9. To #a$e and &%e a cor orate %eal:. To ac;&ire and con$ey real or er%onal ro erty

a. T#e local go$ern)ent &nit )ay ac;&ire real orer%onal" tangible or intangible ro erty" in any

)anner allo!ed by la!" e.g." %ale" donation"etc.

b. T#e local go$ern)ent &nit )ay alienate onlyatri)onial ro erty" & on ro er a&t#ority.

c. In t#e ab%ence of roof t#at t#e ro erty !a%ac;&ired t#ro&g# cor orate or ri$ate f&nd%"t#e re%&) tion i% t#at it ca)e fro) t#e State& on t#e creation of t#e )&nici ality and" t#&%"i% go$ern)ental or &blic ro erty.(Salas vs.

aren$io, %8 SCRA 7 %9 Rebu$o vs.illegas, !! SCRA 6!6)d. To!n la(a% are ro ertie% of &blic do)inion*

t#ey )ay be occ& ied te) orarily" b&t only fort#e d&ration of an e)ergency (+s:iri'u vs.Muni$i:al Coun$il o 4ozorrubio,4angasinan, 10 42il. 866).

e. A &blic la(a i% beyond t#e co))erce of)an" and cannot be t#e %&b?ect of lea%e orot#er contract&al &nderta4ing. And" e$ena%%&)ing t#e e'i%tence of a $alid lea%e of t#e

&blic la(a or art t#ereof" t#e )&nici alre%ol&tion effecti$ely ter)inated t#eagree)ent" for it i% %ettled t#at t#e olice

o!er cannot be %&rrendered or bargaineda!ay t#ro&g# t#e )edi&) of a contract( illanueva vs. Cas'ane a, 1!% SCRA 1% ).

=. Po!er to enter into contract%a. Re;&i%ite% of a $alid )&nici al contract%

i. T#e local go$ern)ent &nit #a% t#ee' re%%" i) lied or in#erent o!er toenter into t#e artic&lar contract.

11


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ii. T#e contract i% entered into by t#ero er de art)ent" board" co))ittee"

officer or agent. Unle%% ot#er!i%ero$ided by t#e Code" no contract

)ay be entered into by t#e local c#iefe'ec&ti$e on be#alf of t#e local

go$ern)ent &nit !it#o&t riora&t#ori(ation by t#e %angg&niangconcerned.

iii. T#e contract )&%t co) ly !it# certain%&b%tanti$e re;&ire)ent%" i.e." !#ene' endit&re of &blic f&nd i% to be)ade" t#ere )&%t be an act&ala ro riation and a certificate ofa$ailability of f&nd%.

i$. T#e contract )&%t co) ly !it# t#efor)al re;&ire)ent% of !rittencontract%" e.g." t#e Stat&te of >ra&d%.

b. Ultra !ires contracts W#en a contract i% entered into !it#o&tco) liance !it# t#e fir%t and t#e t#ird re;&i%ite%

abo$e " t#e %a)e i% &ltra $ire% and i% n&ll and $oid.S&c# contract cannot be ratified or $alidated.Ratification of defecti$e )&nici al contract% i%

o%%ible only !#en t#ere i% non/co) liance !it# t#e%econd andDor fo&rt# re;&ire)ent% abo$e.Ratification )ay be e' re%% or i) lied.

c. Aut orit* to ne5otiate an, secure contracts 3E2$>RA 819 4 T#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e )ay" & on a&t#ority oft#e %angg&nian" negotiate and %ec&re financialgrant% or donation% in 4ind" in %& ort of t#e ba%ic

%er$ice% and facilitie% en&)erated &nder 10" fro)local and foreign a%%i%tance agencie% !it#o&tnece%%ity of %ec&ring clearance or a ro$al fro)any de art)ent" agency" or office of t#e nationalgo$ern)ent or fro) any #ig#er local go$ern)ent&nit*Provided, t#at ro?ect% financed by %&c# grant%or a%%i%tance !it# national %ec&rity i) lication%%#all be a ro$ed by t#e national agencyconcerned.

9. To e ercise suc ot er po-ers as are 5rante, tocorporations> sub ect to li&itations pro!i,e, in t e Co,ean, ot er la-s.

@. UNICIPAL LIABILITH

A. =pecific pro!isions &aDin5 LGUs liable:a. E2'> RA 819 / Liability for da)age%/ Local

go$ern)ent &nit% and t#eir official% are not e'e) tfro) liability for deat# or in?&ry to er%on% or da)ageto ro erty.

b. Art. 2106> NCC/ T#e local go$ern)ent &nit i% liablein da)age% for deat# or in?&rie% %&ffered by rea%onof t#e defecti$e condition of road%" %treet%" bridge%"

&blic b&ilding% and ot#er &blic !or4%.c. Art. 713@" ar. " NCC/ T#e State i% re% on%ible

!#en it act% t#ro&g# a % ecial agent.d. Art. 9:" NCC/ T#e local go$ern)ent &nit i%

%&b%idiarily liable for da)age% %&ffered by a er%onby rea%on of t#e fail&re or ref&%al of a )e)ber of t#e

olice force to render aid and ro%ec&tion in ca%e ofdanger to life and ro erty.

2. Liabilit* for Torta. If t#e local go$ern)ent &nit i% engaged in

go$ern)ental f&nction%" it i% NOT liable.

b. If engaged in ro rietary f&nction%" local go$ern)ent&nit i% liable.+ RA 819 : Pro ibite, business an, pecuniar*interest# It %#all be &nla!f&l for any local go$ern)ent officialor e) loyee" directly or indirectly" to6

a. ,ngage in any b&%ine%% tran%action !it# t#e localgo$ern)ent &nit in !#ic# #e i% an official ore) loyee or o$er !#ic# #e #a% t#e o!er of%& er$i%ion" or !it# any of it% a&t#ori(ed board%"

12


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official%" agent%" or attorney%" !#ereby )oney i%to be aid" or ro erty or any ot#er t#ing of $al&ei% to be tran%ferred" directly or indirectly" o&t of t#ere%o&rce% of t#e local go$ern)ent &nit to %&c#

er%on or fir)*b. RA 819 4# T#e follo!ing aredi%;&alified fro) r&nning for any electi$e local o%ition6

a. T#o%e %entenced by final ?&dg)ent for anoffen%e in$ol$ing )oral t&r it&de or for anoffen%e &ni%#able by one year or )ore ofi) ri%on)ent" !it#in t!o year% after %er$ing

%entence*b. T#o%e re)o$ed fro) office a% a re%&lt of an

ad)ini%trati$e ca%e*c. T#o%e con$icted by final ?&dg)ent for $iolating

t#e oat# of allegiance to t#e Re &blic*d. T#o%e !it# d&al citi(en%#i *e. >&giti$e% fro) ?&%tice in cri)inal or non/

olitical ca%e% #ere or abroad*f. Per)anent re%ident% in a foreign co&ntry or

t#o%e !#o #a$e ac;&ired t#e rig#t to re%ideabroad and contin&e to a$ail of t#e %a)e rig#tafter t#e effecti$ity of t#e Code* and

g. T#e in%ane or feeble/)inded.

$. anner of %lectiona. T#e go$ernor" $ice/go$ernor" city or )&nici al

)ayor" city or )&nici al $ice/)ayor and&nong barangay %#all be elected at large in

t#eir re% ecti$e &nit%. T#e %angg&niang4abataan c#air)an %#all be elected by t#eregi%tered $oter% of t#e 4ati &nan ng4abataan.

b. T#e reg&lar )e)ber% of t#e %angg&nianganlala!igan" anl&ng%od and bayan %#all

be elected by di%trict" a% )ay be ro$ided byla!. T#e re%ident% of t#e leag&e% of%angg&nian )e)ber% of co) onent citie%and )&nici alitie% %#all %er$e a% e' officio)e)ber% of t#e %angg&niang anlala!iganconcerned. T#e re%ident% of t#e liga ng)ga barangay and t#e edera%yon ng )ga%angg&niang 4abataan elected by t#eirre% ecti$e c#a ter%" %#all %er$e a% e' officio)e)ber% of t#e %angg&niang anlala!igan"

anl&ng%od or bayan.c. In addition" t#ere %#all be one %ectoral

re re%entati$e fro) t#e !o)en" one fro) t#e

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!or4er%" and one fro) any of t#e follo!ing%ector%6 &rban oor" indigeno&% c&lt&ralco))&nitie%" di%abled er%on%" or any ot#er%ector a% )ay be deter)ined by t#e%angg&nian concerned !it#in 2@ day% rior tot#e #olding of t#e ne't local election% a% )ay

be ro$ided by la!. T#e Co)elec %#allro)&lgate t#e r&le% and reg&lation% toeffecti$ely ro$ide for t#e election of %&c#%ectoral re re%entati$e%.

'. (ate of %lection,$ery t#ree year% on t#e %econd Fonday of Fay"

&nle%% ot#er!i%e ro$ided by la!.

+. Ter& of OfficeT#ree year%" %tarting fro) noon of &ne 9@" 1227"

or %&c# date a% )ay be ro$ided by la!" e'ce t t#at ofelecti$e barangay official%. No local electi$e official %#all%er$e for )ore t#an t#ree con%ec&ti$e ter)% in t#e %a)e

o%ition. T#e ter) of office of barangay official% and)e)ber% of t#e %angg&niang 4abataan %#all be for fi$e year%" !#ic# %#all begin after t#e reg&lar election of barangayofficial% on t#e %econd Fonday of Fay" 1220. R.A. 3=7:

+T#e t#ree/ter) li)it on a local official i% to be &nder%tood torefer to ter)% for !#ic# t#e official concerned !a% elected.T#&%" a er%on !#o !a% elected Eice Fayor in 1233 and !#o" beca&%e of t#e deat# of t#e Fayor" beca)e Fayor in1232" )ay %till be eligible to r&n for t#e o%ition of Fayor in1223" e$en if elected a% %&c# in 1227 and 122=( or;a v.Comele$, G.R. o. 1 %"!, Se:'. , 1""8).

9. Rules on =uccession 3E''#'9> RA 819 4A. Per&anent !acancies: A er)anent $acancy ari%e% !#en an electi$e local official fill% a #ig#er $acant office"ref&%e% to a%%&)e office" fail% to ;&alify" die%" i% re)o$edfro) office" $ol&ntarily re%ign%" or i% er)anentlyinca acitated to di%c#arge t#e f&nction% of #i% office.a. -o$ernor and Fayor

i. Eice -o$ernor and Eice Fayorii. Sangg&nian )e)ber% according to ran4ing

b. P&nong barangayi. R.A. 819 4 T#e co) en%ation of local official% and er%onnel %#all bedeter)ined by t#e %angg&nian concerned" %&b?ect to t#e

ro$i%ion% of R.A. 0=3 Co) en%ation and Po%itionCla%%ification Act of 1232 . T#e electi$e barangay official%%#all be entitled to recei$e #onoraria" allo!ance% and ot#ere)ol&)ent% a% )ay be ro$ided by la! or barangay")&nici al or city ordinance" b&t in no ca%e le%% t#an P1"@@@

er )ont# for t#e &nong barangay and P @@ for t#e%angg&niang barangay )e)ber%.

+,lecti$e local official% %#all be entitled to t#e %a)e lea$eri$ilege% a% t#o%e en?oyed by a ointi$e local official%"

incl&ding t#e c&)&lation and co))&tation t#ereof.

8. Recall/ ter)ination of official relation%#i of an electi$e

official for lo%% of confidence rior to t#e e' iration of #i% ter)t#ro&g# t#e !ill of t#e electorate.

a. B* - o& e ercise, / by t#e regi%tered $oter% of alocal go$ern)ent &nit to !#ic# t#e local electi$e official%&b?ect to %&c# recall belong%. 2" R.A. 01 @b. T-o &o,es of initiatin5 recall: i. By a re aratory recall a%%e)bly ii. By t#e regi%tered $oter% of t#e local go$ern)ent&nitc. Preparator* recall asse&bl*# co&pose, of t e

follo-in5:i. Pro$incial le$el6 All )ayor%" $ice )ayor% and%angg&nian )e)ber% of t#e )&nici alitie% andco) onent citie%.ii. City le$el6 All &nong barangay and%angg&niang barangay )e)ber% in t#e city.iii. Legi%lati$e di%trict le$el6 W#ere %angg&niang

anlalal!igan )e)ber% are elected by di%trict" allelecti$e )&nici al official% in t#e di%trict* and inca%e% !#ere %angg&niang angl&ng%od )e)ber%are elected by di%trict" all electi$e barangay official%in t#e di%trict.

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i$. F&nici al le$el6 All &nong barangay and%angg&niang barangay )e)ber% in t#e)&nici ality.

d. Proced&re for initiating recall by re aratory recalla%%e)bly

A )a?ority of all t#e re aratory recall a%%e)bly)e)ber% )ay con$ene in %e%%ion in a &blic lace andinitiate a recall roceeding again%t any electi$e official in t#elocal go$ern)ent &nit concerned. Recall of ro$incial" city or)&nici al official% %#all be $alidly initiated t#ro&g# are%ol&tion ado ted by a )a?ority of all t#e )e)ber% of t#e

re aratory recall a%%e)bly concerned d&ring it% %e%%ioncalled for t#at &r o%e.

Case:It !a% #eld t#at notice to all t#e )e)ber% of t#e

Pre aratory Recall A%%e)bly i% i) erati$e* t#&%" !#ere t#ere%ol&tion !a% ado ted !it#o&t gi$ing notice to all t#e)e)ber% of t#e PRA" t#e %a)e i% fatally fla!ed(Gar$ia vs.Comele$, G.R. o. 111!11, *$'ober !, 1"" ) . R.A. 819 4#T#e local c#iefe'ec&ti$e %#all e%tabli%# a roced&re to in;&ire into" act & on"re%ol$e or %ettle co) laint% and grie$ance% re%ented bylocal go$ern)ent e) loyee%.

11. (iscipline 3E9 #90> R.A. 819 4 a. Groun,s for ,isciplinar* action: An electi$e local

official )ay be di%ci lined" %&% ended" or re)o$ed fro) officeon any of t#e follo!ing gro&nd%6 i. 8i%loyalty to t#e Re &blic of t#e P#ili ine%. ii. C&l able $iolation of t#e Con%tit&tion

iii. 8i%#one%ty" o re%%ion" )i%cond&ct in office"gro%% negligence" or dereliction of d&ty. i$. Co))i%%ion of any offen%e in$ol$ing )oralt&r it&de or an offen%e &ni%#able by at lea%t ri%ion )ayor.

$. Ab&%e of a&t#ority. $i. Una&t#ori(ed ab%ence for 1= con%ec&ti$e !or4ing day%" e'ce t in t#e ca%e of )e)ber% of t#e%angg&niang anlala!igan" anl&ng%od" bayan andbarangay.

$ii. A lication for" or ac;&i%ition of" foreignciti(en%#i or re%idence or t#e %tat&%K ,lecti$e barangayofficial%" %#all be filed before t#e %angg&iniang anl&ng%od or%angg&niang bayan concerned" !#o%e deci%ion %#all be finaland e'ec&tory.

c. Notice of 7earin5 3E92> R.A. 819 4#a Wit#in 0day% after t#e ad)ini%trati$e co) laint i% filed" t#e Officeof t#e Pre%ident or t#e %angg&nian concerned a% t#eca%e )ay be" %#all re;&ire t#e re% ondent to %&b)it #i%$erified an%!er !it#in 1= day% fro) recei t t#ereof" andco))ence t#e in$e%tigation of t#e ca%e !it#in 1@ day%after t#e recei t of %&c# an%!er of t#e re% ondent.

b W#en t#e re% ondent i% an electi$e official of aro$ince or #ig#ly &rbani(ed city" %&c# #earing and

in$e%tigation %#all be cond&cted in t#e lace !#ere #erender% or #old% office. >or all ot#er local electi$eofficial%" t#e $en&e %#all be t#e lace !#ere t#e%angg&nian concerned i% located.

c


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be dee)ed a&to)atically lifted & on t#e %tart ofafore%aid eriod.

,. Pre!enti!e =uspension 1. o &a* i&pose:

a. By t#e Pre%ident" if t#e re% ondent i% an

electi$e official of a ro$ince" a #ig#ly&rbani(ed or an inde endent co) onentcity*

b. By t#e go$ernor" if t#e re% ondent i% anelecti$e local official of a co) onent cityor )&nici ality*

c. By t#e )ayor" if t#e re% ondent i% anelecti$e official of t#e barangay.

2. en &a* be i&pose,: Pre$enti$e %&% en%ion)ay be i) o%ed at any ti)e6

a. After t#e i%%&e% are ?oined*b. W#en t#e e$idence of g&ilt i% %trong* andc. -i$en t#e gra$ity of t#e offen%e" t#ere i%

great robability t#at t#e contin&ance inoffice of t#e re% ondent co&ld infl&encet#e !itne%%e% or o%e a t#reat to t#e%afety and integrity of t#e record% andot#er e$idence.

+Pro$ided t#at any %ingle re$enti$e %&% en%ion%#all not e'tend beyond @ day%" and in t#e e$ent%e$eral ad)ini%trati$e ca%e% are filed again%t t#ere% ondent" #e cannot be %&% ended for )ore t#an2@ day% !it#in a %ingle year on t#e %a)e gro&nd orgro&nd% e'i%ting and 4no!n at t#e ti)e of t#e fir%t%&% en%ion.

Case:W#en t#e etitioner failed to file #i% an%!er de% ite

t#e )any o ort&nitie% gi$en to #i)" #e !a% dee)ed to #a$e !ai$ed #i% rig#t to an%!er and to re%ent e$idence. At t#at

oint" t#e i%%&e% !ere dee)ed ?oined" and it !a% ro er fort#e ,'ec&ti$e Secretary to %&% end #i)" ina%)&c# a% t#eSecretary fo&nd t#at t#e e$idence of g&ilt !a% %trong and t#atcontin&ance in office co&ld infl&ence t#e !itne%%e% and o%ea t#reat to t#e %afety and integrity of t#e e$idence again%t #i)( oson vs. #orres, "0 SCRA 7").

T#e a&t#ority to re$enti$ely %&% end i% e'erci%edconc&rrently by t#e O)b&d%)an" &r%&ant to R.A. 00@* t#e

%a)e la! a&t#ori(e% a re$enti$e %&% en%ion of %i' )ont#%( aga vs. Gozo-&a ole, G.R. no. 10807 , &e$. 1 , 1""!).

e. =uspen,e, electi!e official - en ,ee&e, reinstate,U on e' iration of t#e re$enti$e %&% en%ion" t#e

re% ondent %#all be dee)ed rein%tated in office !it#o&tre?&dice to t#e contin&ation of t#e roceeding% again%t #i)"

!#ic# %#all be ter)inated !it#in 17@ day% fro) t#e ti)e #e !a% for)ally notified of t#e ca%e again%t #i).

+Any ab&%e of t#e e'erci%e of t#e o!er ofre$enti$e %&% en%ion %#all be enali(ed a% ab&%e of

a&t#ority.

f. =alar* of respon,ent pen,in5 suspension 3E9'> R.A.819 4 T#e re% ondent official re$enti$ely %&% ended fro)office %#all recei$e no %alary or co) en%ation d&ring %&c#%&% en%ion* b&t" & on %&b%e;&ent e'oneration andrein%tate)ent" #e %#all be aid f&ll %alary or co) en%ationincl&ding %&c# e)ol&)ent% accr&ing d&ring %&c# %&% en%ion.

5. Ri5 ts of respon,ent 3E9+> R.A. 819 4 T#e re% ondent %#all be accorded f&ll o ort&nity toa ear and defend #i)%elf in er%on or by co&n%el" to

confront and cro%%/e'a)ine t#e !itne%%e% again%t #i)" and tore;&ire t#e attendance of !itne%%e% and t#e rod&ction ofdoc&)entary e$idence in #i% fa$or t#ro&g# co) &l%ory

roce%% of %&b oena or %&b oena d&ce% tec&).

. /or& an, notice of ,ecision 3E99a> R.A. 819 4

T#e in$e%tigation of t#e ca%e %#all be ter)inated !it#in 2@ day% fro) t#e %tart t#ereof. Wit#in 9@ day% after t#eend of t#e in$e%tigation" t#e Office of t#e Pre%ident or t#e%angg&nian concerned %#all render a deci%ion in !riting%tating clearly an di%tinctly t#e fact% and t#e rea%on% for %&c#deci%ion. Co y of %aid deci%ion %#all i))ediately bef&rni%#ed t#e re% ondent and all intere%ted artie%.

i. Penalt* T#e enalty of %&% en%ion i) o%ed & on t#ere% ondent %#all not e'ceed #i% &ne' ired ter)" or a eriodof )ont#% for e$ery ad)ini%trati$e offen%e" nor %#all %aid

enalty be a bar to t#e candidacy of t#e re% ondent a% longa% #e )eet% t#e ;&alification% re;&ired for t#e office. B&t t#e

enalty of re)o$al fro) office a% a re%&lt of an ad)ini%trati$ein$e%tigation %#all be a bar to t#e candidacy of t#ere% ondent for any electi$e o%ition.

Case:T#e S& re)e Co&rt & #eld t#e i) o%ition of t#e

ad)ini%trati$e enalty of %&% en%ion of not )ore t#an )ont#% for eac# offen%e" ro$ided t#at t#e %&cce%%i$e %er$iceof t#e %entence %#o&ld not e'ceed t#e &ne' ired ortion oft#e ter) of t#e etitioner%. T#e %&% en%ion did not a)o&nt tore)o$al fro) office (Salalima vs. Guingona, !7 SCRA!!).

. A,&inistrati!e appeal# (ecisions &a*> -it in $,a*s fro& receipt t ereof> be appeale, to:

i. T#e %angg&niang anlala!igan" in t#e ca%e ofdeci%ion% of co) onent citie% %angg&niang anl&ng%od andt#e %angg&iniang bayan*

ii. T#e Office of t#e Pre%ident" in t#e ca%e ofdeci%ion% of t#e %angg&niang anlala!igan and t#e%angg&niang anl&ng%od of #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% andinde endent co) onent citie%. 8eci%ion% of t#e Office of t#ePre%ident %#all be final and e'ec&tory.

Case:T#e S& re)e Co&rt r&led t#at certiorari !ill not lie

beca&%e t#ere i% %till an ade;&ate re)edy a$ailable in t#eordinary co&r%e of la!" i.e." a eal of t#e deci%ion of t#eSangg&niang Panlala!igan to t#e Office of t#e Pre%ident(Malinao vs. Re5es, !! SCRA 616).

D. % ecution pen,in5 appeal An a eal %#all not re$ent a deci%ion fro) being

e'ec&ted* t#e re% ondent %#all be con%idered a% #a$ing beenlaced &nder re$enti$e %&% en%ion d&ring t#e endency of

t#e a eal. B&t in Berce% $%. ,'ec&ti$e Secretary" 7:1 SCRA=92" t#e S& re)e Co&rt ointed o&t t#at Ad)ini%trati$e OrderNo. 13 a&t#ori(e% t#e Office of t#e Pre%ident to %tay t#ee'ec&tion of a deci%ion ending a eal. A.O. No. 13 !a% notre ealed by t#e Local -o$ern)ent Code.

l. Pre%idential o!er to grant e'ec&ti$e cle)ency). ,ffect of re/election

T#e re/election of a local official bar% t#e contin&ationof t#e ad)ini%trati$e ca%e again%t #i).

C. Appointi!e Local Officials 1. Re% on%ibility for #&)an re%o&rce% andde$elo )ent/ T#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e %#all be re% on%iblefor #&)an re%o&rce% and de$elo )ent in #i% &nit and %#all

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ta4e all er%onnel action% in accordance !it# t#e Con%tit&tion"ertinent la!%" incl&ding %&c# olicie%" g&ideline% and

%tandard% a% t#e Ci$il Ser$ice Co))i%%ion )ay e%tabli%#*Pro$ided t#at t#e local c#ief e'ec&ti$e )ay e) loye)ergency or ca%&al e) loyee% or laborer% aid on a daily !age or iece!or4 ba%i% and #ired t#ro&g# ?ob order% for

local ro?ect% a&t#ori(ed by t#e %angg&nian concerned" !it#o&t need of a ro$al or atte%tation by t#e CSC a% long a%t#e %aid e) loy)ent %#all not e'ceed )ont#%.

Case:B&t t#e Pro$incial -o$ernor i% !it#o&t a&t#ority to

de%ignate t#e etitioner a% A%%i%tant Pro$incial Trea%&rer forAd)ini%tration" beca&%e &nder :01 of t#e Local -o$ern)entCode" it i% t#e Secretary of >inance !#o #a% t#e o!er toa oint A%%i%tant Pro$incial Trea%&rer% fro) a li%t ofreco))endee% of t#e Pro$incial -o$ernor (&imaan al vs.Commission on Au i', "1 SCRA ).

7. Officials co&&on to all unicipalities> Cities an,Pro!inces 3E'96#'6 > R.A. 819 4

a. Secretary to t#e Sangg&nianb. Trea%&rerc. A%%e%%ord. Acco&ntante. B&dget Officerf. Planning and 8e$elo )ent Coordinatorg. ,ngineer#.


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%angg&nian concerned in a&blic lace in t#e local

go$ern)ent &nit.f. U on t#e la %e of t#e eriod"

t#e Co)elec %#all certify a% to !#et#er or not t#e re;&ired

n&)ber of %ignat&re% #a% beenobtained. >ail&re to obtain t#ere;&ired n&)ber of %ignat&re%defeat% t#e ro o%ition.

g. If t#e re;&ired n&)ber i%obtained" t#e Co)elec %#all %eta date for t#e initiati$e d&ring !#ic# t#e ro o%ition i%%&b)itted to t#e regi%tered$oter% in t#e local go$ern)ent&nit for t#eir a ro$al !it#in @day% in ca%e of ro$ince% " :=day% in ca%e of )&nici alitie% "and 9@ day% in ca%e ofbarangay% fro) t#e date ofcertification by t#e Co)elec.T#e initiati$e %#all be #eld ont#e date %et after !#ic# t#ere%&lt% t#ereof %#all be certifiedand roclai)ed by t#eCo)elec.

#. If t#e ro o%ition i% a ro$edby a )a?ority of t#e $ote% ca%t"it %#all ta4e effect 1= day% aftert#e certification by t#e Co)eleca% if affir)ati$e action #ad beenta4en t#ereon by t#e

%angg&nian and t#e local c#iefe'ec&ti$e concerned.

$. Li&itations:a. On local initiati$e6

i. T#e o!er of local initiati$e %#allnot be e'erci%ed )ore t#an once ayear.ii. Initiati$e %#all e'tend only to%&b?ect% or )atter% !#ic# are !it#int#e legal o!er% of t#e %angg&nianto enact.iii. If at any ti)e before t#e initiati$e

i% #eld" t#e %angg&nian concernedado t% in toto t#e ro o%itionre%ented and t#e local c#ief

e'ec&ti$e a ro$e% t#e %a)e" t#einitiati$e %#all be cancelled.


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a. Po-ers of t e Baran5a* Asse&bl*:i. Initiate legi%lati$e roce%%e% byreco))ending to t#e %angg&niangbarangay t#e ado tion of )ea%&re% for t#e !elfare of t#e barangay and t#e city or)&nici ality concerned*

ii. 8ecide on t#e ado tion of initiati$e a% alegal roce%% !#ereby t#e regi%tered$oter% of t#e barangay )ay directly

ro o%e" enact or a)end any ordinance*andiii.


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a .It )ean% t#e o$er%eeing or t#e o!er or a&t#ority of anofficer to %ee t#at t#e %&bordinate officer% erfor) t#eird&tie%.b. In relation to L-US" t#e Pre%ident only #a% t#e o!er of%& er$i%ion o$er L-US. T#&%" #e cannot interfere !it# t#elocal go$ern)ent% a% long a% t#ey act !it#in t#e %co e of

t#eir a&t#ority.c. Under t#e L-C 7= " t#e Pre%ident e'erci%e% direct%& er$i%ion o$er ro$ince%" #ig#ly &rbani(ed citie% andinde endent co) onent citie%.

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