PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem Solving
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Transcript of PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem Solving
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Thinking and
Problem Solving
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Thinking
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Thinking-is type of behavior that uses as “inner representations” of objects and events.
-the symbolic reference deals with remembered,absent or imagined things and events,including those and elaborates on what is present in perception and movement
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THINKING
Directed Thinking
Critical Thinking
Creative Thinking
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Thinking Process Involves:a) The presence of a problemb) A definition of the problem, involving the arousal of relevant concepts
c) A weighing of relevance or probabilities and
d) verification
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Two theories that suggest differing functions of the brain:
Peripheralists
-hold that all thinking goes on muscular movement.
-all that psychology requires is a stimulus –response analysis of thinking.
Centralists
-hold that thinking goes on inside the brain and nervous system and that muscular movement merely accompanies the “central process”
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Problem Solving
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Problem Solving
*whenever goal-oriented activity is blocked,or whenever a need remained unfulfilled,or perplexity unresolved,there is a problem.
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* Solving a problems usually involves discovering a correct response to a new situation
*It involves the appropriate combination of concepts ,ideas and skills.
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Habitual Set
Functional Fixedness
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Preparation
Incubation
Illumination
Verification
Creative Thinking -is a process in which the individual generates an original, unusual and productive solution to a problem.
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Kinds of Higher Mental Process
*Autistic -thinking refers to fantasy and to the kind of imaginative productions not primarily concerned with reality or the solutions of problems.
*Dreams-common with autistic thinking in that they are motivated but not bound by reality.
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Autistic Thinking
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Dreams
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Heuristics
Algorithm
Trial and Error
Insight
Solving
Problems
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Lacaden,Judy AnnDis-ing,LaureneAjan,Juliet