Psychology Emotion

EMOTION

CHAPTER VII

Emotion

• A distinct feeling or quality of consciousness.

• Reflects the personal significance of an emotion - arousing event.

What is What is Emotion?Emotion?

I.I. Elements of Elements of EmotionsEmotions

1.The BODY

2.The MIND

3.The CULTURE

ELEMENTS OF EMOTIONS

1.1. The The BODYBODY

•Primary Emotions – consist of fear, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, disgust, and contempt.

•Secondary Emotions – developed with cognitive memory and vary across individuals and cultures.


Areas of Areas of EmotionEmotion

1. Facial Expression - universal expression of human emotions.

2. Bran Regions & Circuits – “amygdala” is responsible for assessing any eminent threat. Damage to “amygdala” may result in abnormality to process fear. Damage to left prefrontal cortex, loss of joy; Damage to right prefrontal cortex, result in excessive mania & euphoria.

3. The Autonomic Nervous System – Lie detectors or Polygraph testing relies on ANS. During agitation, it includes galvanic skin response, increase/decrease in pulse, BP, breathing, and fidgeting.


2.2. The The MINDMIND


- thoughts may create emotions.

•Physiological Arousal (sweaty palms, increased heart rate, rapid breathing)

•Cognitive Labeling (attribute source of arousal to a cause)

TWO FACTOR THEORY – emotions are brought by:

3.3. The The CULTURECULTURE

- determines what people feel angry, sad, lonely, happy, and ashamed or disgusted about.


- differences in secondary emotions appear to be reflected in differences in languages.

II.II. Aspects of Aspects of EmotionsEmotions

1. Physiological Changes – involuntary reactions of the body. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other bodily reactions.2. Emotional Expressions – it is varied. Pleasant or unpleasant feeling can be communicated through gestures. The ability of individuals to express emotions is important because it is a means to send their feelings to others.3. Emotional Feelings – experiences that a person may gather will reflect on his responses when he or she is placed on different situations.

ASPECTS OF EMOTIONS

II.II. Theories of Theories of EmotionsEmotions

1. James-Lange Theory (1884-1885) – emotional feelings follow bodily arousal.

2. Cannon-Bard Theory (1927) – emotional feelings and bodily arousal are both organized by the brain.

THEORIES OF EMOTIONS

3. Schachter’s Cognitive Theory of Emotion (1971) – <Stanley Schachter> cognitive (mental) factors also enter into emotion. Assumes that when an individual is aroused; he has a need to interpret his feelings. Emotion occurs when label (anger, fear, or happiness) is applied to bodily arousal is influenced by past experience, situations, & reactions to others.

THEORIES OF EMOTIONS

4. The Evolutionary Perspective (19th Century) – <Charles Darwin> emotions evolved via natural selection for reasons of warning other creatures about their intentions. Emotions were no longer functional but are functional associated habits.

What

is this?

SADNESS

DISGUST

CURIOUS

SURPRISE

ACCEPTANCE

III. Classification of Emotions

(According to Robert Plutchik)

1. ANGER – a strong feeling of displeasure which usually goes with antagonism.

2. FEAR – an unpleasant and often strong emotion caused by anticipation or awareness of danger.

3. SADNESS – affected with or expressive of grief and unhapiness.

4. JOY – an unpleasant often strong emotion caused by anticipation or awareness of danger.

CLASSIFICATION OF EMOTIONS

5. DISGUST – marked aversion aroused by something highly distasteful.

6. CURIOSITY / INTEREST – inquisitive interest in other’s concerns which usually leads to inquiry.

7. SURPRISE –taking of unawareness.

8. ACCEPTANCE – an agreeing either expressly or by conduct to the act or offer of another so that a contract is concluded and the parties become legally bound.


A. Primary Emotions


- Considered as basic emotions because the emotions may blend in together to form other forms of emotion or reactions on different situations.

B. Mixed Emotions

- Adjacent emotions can be mixed to yield a thrid, more complex emotion and other mixture is still possible.Mixtures of Emotions:1. Awe – fear and

surprise.2. Disappointment – surprise and sadness.3. Remorse – sadness and disgust.4. Aggression – anger and anticipation.5. Jealousy – love, anger and fear.6. Optimism – anticipation and joy.7. Contempt – disgust and anger.8. Submission – acceptance and fear.9. Love – joy and acceptance. CLASSIFICATION OF

EMOTIONS

IV.IV. Functions of Functions of EmotionsEmotions

2. Emotions can be utilized to organize and motivate action – emotions tend to prepare and motivate individuals into facilitating action. There is an action urge connected to specific emotions that is hard-wired. “Hard-wired” is an automatic built-in part of behavior.

1. Emotions are used in order to communicate and influence others – individuals communicate their emotions to other individuals using verbal and non-verbal language.

3. Emotions can be self-validating – emotion usually gives us different information about a situation or event. Give signals to sense and know that there is something going on.

V. Factors Affecting Emotions

FACTORS AFFECTING EMOTION

FACTORS AFFECTING EMOTION

FACTORS AFFECTING EMOTIONS

Why do we have Why do we have Emotion?Emotion?- To serve different physical and psychological purposes.

- It gives color to people’s lives and give them their needed depth and differentiation.

- It may serve as motivation to the reaction and behavior in more specific ways.

- Helps people monitor their social behavior & regulate their interactions with others.


Effects of Emotion


1. Positive attitudes and emotions can help increase your health – positive and optimistic attitudes tend to promote positive impact on the body, result in the increase of the flow of communication and boosts immune system, and there is a higher level of “endorphins”-hormones related to health and well-being. Negative and pessimistic attitude can have a negative impact on the body.

2. Positive attitudes and emotions can help improve one’s self concept – this is the perception of an individual in his/her world, influenced the way he/she feels about him/herself.

VI. Development of Emotions

1. General excitement is the only emotional response newborn infants clearly express.

2. Emotional life blossom rapidly.

3. Adults control and develop gestures that can become unique to various cultures.

DEVELOPMENTS OF EMOTIONS

EMOTICONS

angry/frustrated face>_<a bored face(-_-)

big, potentially goofy face:Dnot happy or sad8I

a heart, or 'I love you'<3sad, shy._.

laughterXDshockedO.O

surprised=0kiss:-*

My lips are sealed, or "mum":-Xangry, bummed outx-(

one eyebrow raised`:-)tongue sticking out (silly):-P

winking smile with nose;-)"Ouch">O

surprised:-0no expression:-|

What??? (Seriously?):@evil smile>:3

smiley with glassesB-)scream:-@

confused%-( or :-Sclassic sad without nose:(

laughter:-Dclassic smile without nose:)

yawn| -Oclassic sad with nose:-(

happy crying (mockery):'-)classic smile with nose:-)

MeaningIconMeaningIcon


OTHER EMOTICONSCourtesy of

Yahoo!


at wits' end~X(smug:>

on the phone:)]angryX(

call me:-csurprise:-O

talk to the hand=;broken heart=((

nerd:-Bkiss:-*

angelO:-)tongue:P

rolling on the floor=))blushing:">

raised eyebrows/:)love struck:x

straight face:|confused:-/

laughing:))big hug>:D<

crying:((batting eyelashes;;)

devil>:)big grin:D

whew!#:-Swinking;)

worried:-Ssad:(

coolB-)happy:)

MeaningIconsMeaningIcons

OTHER EMOTICONSCourtesy of Yahoo!

pirate*:ar!

it wasn't me^#(^thinking:-?

thumbs up:-bddrooling=P~

thumbs down:-qyawn(:|

rock on!\m/party<:-P

hurry up!:!!silly8-}

I don't want to seeX_Xclown:O)

cowboy<):)no talking[-(

Phbbbbt!>:Pdon't tell anyone:-$

sigh:-<sick:-&

waiting:-wloserL-)

liar:^orolling eyes8-|

hypnotized@-)sleepyI-)

nail biting:-SSday dreaming8->

applause=D>time out:-t

d'oh#-owave:-h

MeaningIconsMeaningIcons


VII.VII. Controlling Controlling EmotionsEmotions

1. Change the cause of emotion.

2. Realize that thought is not the same as logic.

CONTROLLING EMOTIONS

3. Recognize that you have the right to have whatever feelings and emotions you want to have.

4. Increase your awareness of and look out for moments when you feel an irrational thought or attitude coming on.

CONTROLLING EMOTIONS

5. Choose the right time and place to express your emotions.

6. Learn to recognize and anticipate “triggers” that set you off on an irrational thought path.

7. Watch for “all or nothing” thinking.

The end!

Psychology Emotion

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