Psychological Disorders
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Transcript of Psychological Disorders
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Psychological Disorders
liudexiang
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Overview
• Perspectives on psychologcal disorders• Mood disorders• Anxiety disorders• Psychosomatic and somatoform disorders • Dissociative disorders
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Perspectives on psychologcal disorders
• Biological model• Psychoanalytic model• Cognitive-behavioral model• Diathesis-stress model • Systems approach
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Biological model
• Biological model : View that psychological disorders have a biochemical or physiological basis.
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Psychoanalytic model
• Psychoanalytic model: View that pscychological disorders result from unconscious internal conflicts.
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Cognitive-behavioral model
• Cognitive-behavioral model: View that psychological disorders result from learning maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving.
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Diathesis-stress model
• Diathesis-stress model: View that people biologically predisposed to a mental disorder will tend to exhibit that disorder when particularly affected by stress.
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System approach
• System approach: View that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combining to produce psychological disorders. Also known as the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders.
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Mood disorders
• Depression • Suicide • Mania and bipolar disorder
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Mood disorders
• Mood disorders: Disturbance in mood or prolonged emotional state.
• Depression: A mood disorder characterized by overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in activities, and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness.
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Mood disorders
• Mania : A mood disorder characterized by euphoric states, extreme physical activity, excessive talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes grandiosity.
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Mood disorder
• Biopolar disorder: A mood disorder in which periods of mania and depression alternate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening.
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Anxiety disorders
• Anxiety disorders: Disorders in which anxiety is a characteristic feature or the avoidance of anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behavior.
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Specific phobia
• Specific phobia: Anxiety disorder characterized by an intense, paralyzing fear of something.
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Agoraphobia
• An anxiety disorder that involves multiple, intense fears of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a souce of security such as the home.
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Panic disorder
• An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks in which the person suddenly experiences intense fear or terror without any reasonable cause.
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Generalized anxiety disorder
• An anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged vague but intense fears that are not attached to any particular object or circumstance.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• An anxiety disorder in which a person feels driven to think disturbing thoughts or to perform senseless rituals.
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Pcychosomatic disorders
• Disorders in which there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety.
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Somatoform disorders
• Disorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which there is no organic basis.
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Conversion disorders
• Somatoform disorders in which a dramatic specific disability has no physical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems.
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Dissociative disorders
• Disorders in which some aspect of the personality seems separated from the rest.
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Dissociative identity disorder
• Also called multiple personality disorder which is characterized by the separation of the personality into two or more distinct personalities.
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Depersonalization disorder
• A dissociative disorder whose essential feature is that the person suddenly feels changed or different in a strange way.
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Personality disorders
• Disorders in which inflexible and maladptive ways of thinking and behaving learned early in life cause distress to the person or conflicts with others.
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Schizoid personaltiy disorder
• Personality disorder in which a person is withdrawn and lacks feelings for others.
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Paranoid personality disorder
• Personality disorder in which the person is inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others.
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Dependent personaltiy disorder
• Personality disorder in which the person is unable to make choices and decisions independently and cannot tolerate being alone.
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Avoidant personality disorder
• Personality disorder in which the person’s fears of rejection by others lead to social isolation.
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Narcissistic personality disorder
• Personality disorder in which the person has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and needs constant admiration.
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Borderline personality disorder
• Personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships.
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Antisocial personality disorder
• Personality disorder that involves a pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical and exploitative behavior and an inability to feel affection for others.
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The End