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Transcript of PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau,...
![Page 1: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PSU / Middle SchoolsSolar Racers Workshop
Solar and Car Fundamentals
Andy Lau, [email protected] & Toby Short, SCASD
![Page 2: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Maximize power produced
• Minimize power needed
Solar cells → motor
→ gears → wheels
Makes power
Friction
Drag
Acceleration
Uses power
![Page 3: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Drive System Fundamentals
Wheel
Motor
Solar Cells
Gears
![Page 4: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gear Ratio
Axle Gear TeethMotor Gear
Teeth
=20
102= =
1 Turn2 Turns
Gear Ratio = 2Red gear spins twice as fast as blue
![Page 5: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Motor Speed
Wheel Speed
2 Turns
1 Turn
Motor SpeedWheel Speed
Gear Ratio
=
2 Turns
2= 1 Turn
![Page 6: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Circumference
Radius 6 cm
Radius 3 cm
2π x Radius
2 π 3 =
2 π 6 = 38 cm
19 cm
![Page 7: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How does wheel size affect the speed?
![Page 8: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Circumference
Radius 3 cm
Circumference = 2πr = 19 cm
Circumference = 2πr = 38 cm
• For each turn of the wheel your car travels the circumference of the drive wheel
• Doubling wheel radius also doubles circumference which will make your car go twice as far in one rotation
Radius 6 cm
![Page 9: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
So why not use really big wheels?!
• Because the motor performs best at a certain speed!
• Suggestion: 1. Pick a wheel size that you like.2. Experiment with different gears
and gear ratios to find the best for your car.
• The best gear ratio will depend on the sun’s intensity and whether you’re running on batteries.
![Page 10: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lessons learned at PSU
• In full sun cmcmr
GR/14.1
75.1
0.2
So if your wheel r = 6 cm, then the best GR isGR = 6 cm x 1.14/cm = 6.8
• In half sun cmcmr
GR/86.0
75.1
5.1
• With batteries
cmcmr
GR/69.0
75.1
2.1
![Page 11: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Getting the most power output from a PV panel
• Tilt towards sun
• Possibly increase solar input with reflectors
![Page 12: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Incidence angle
![Page 14: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Again
![Page 16: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Where is the sun?
![Page 17: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Where is the sun?
On May 20 the sun will rise to around 70 degrees at solar noon (1 p.m.).
![Page 18: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Car
Car Power Fundamentals
Air Drag
Friction Acceleration
![Page 19: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Reducing car power needsFriction: Low weight Axle bearings Skinny tires
Air Drag: Small frontal area Smooth shape
Acceleration: Low weight
Which body shape is fastest?
![Page 20: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What a fast car looks like
Light
Panel towards sun
Straight light wheels
Small frontal area
![Page 21: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What a slow car looks like
Panel not towards sun
Heavy crooked wheels
Way too BIG and heavy
Hot glue abuse
![Page 22: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
So that’s all there is to it …
![Page 24: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 25: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 26: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 27: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 28: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 29: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 30: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 31: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 32: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 33: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 34: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 35: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 36: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 37: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 38: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 39: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 40: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 41: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Examples of JSS Cars
![Page 42: PSU / Middle Schools Solar Racers Workshop Solar and Car Fundamentals Andy Lau, andylau@psu.eduandylau@psu.edu Dale & Toby Short, SCASD.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070306/5519dd62550346d67b8b470c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The End
Any questions?