ニッケル水素電池のシンプルモデル(PSpice)
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Transcript of ニッケル水素電池のシンプルモデル(PSpice)
Nickel-Metal Hydride BatterySimplified SPICE Behavioral Model
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 1
Contents
1. Benefit of the Model
2. Model Feature
3. Concept of the Model
4. Parameter Settings
5. Ni-Mh Battery Specification (Example)
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 2
1. Benefit of the Model
• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize Ni-MH battery runtime and circuit performance.
• The model can be easily adjusted to your own Ni-MH battery specifications by editing a few parameters that are provided in the datasheet.
• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation time.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 3
• This Ni-MH Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who require the model of a Ni-MH Battery as a part of their system.
• The model accounts for Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, so it can perform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate conditions.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are neglected.
2. Model Feature
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 4
3. Concept of the Model
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 5
Ni-Mh batterySimplified SPICE Behavioral Model
[Spec: C, NS]
Adjustable SOC [ 0-1(100%) ]
+
-
• The model is characterized by parameters: C which represent the battery capacity and SOC which represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog behavioral model (ABM).• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Ni-mh cells are in series to increase battery voltage level.
Output Characteristics
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 3 5 0 MTS C A L E = 1
N S = 1S O C = 1
4. Parameter Settings
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery
(battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for a full
charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world) into a second(in simulation)
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real world) into a second(in simulation), TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second.
• From the Ni-Mh Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 6
Model Parameters:
(Default values)
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 3 5 0 M
TS C A L E = 1
N S = 1
S O C = 1
5. Ni-Mh Battery Specification (Example)
• The battery information refer to a battery part number HF-A1U of SANYO.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 7
Battery capacity [Typ.] is input as a model parameter
Battery capacity [Typ.] is input as a model parameter
Nominal Voltage 1.2V
Capacity
Typical 1350mAh
Minimum 1250mAh
Charging Current Time 1350mA about 1.1h
Discharge cut-off voltage 1.0V
Time
0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80sV(HI)
1.0V
1.1V
1.2V
1.3V
1.4V
1.5V
1.6V
1.7V
1.8V
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 8
• Charging Current: 1350mA about 1.1h
(min.)
Measurement Simulation
SOC=0 means battery start from 0% of capacity (empty)
SOC=0 means battery start from 0% of capacity (empty)
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 3 5 0 MTS C A L E = 6 0
N S = 1S O C = 0
Charge: 1350mA
PARAMETERS:ra t e = 1C A h = 1 3 5 0 m
0
V in3 V
I B A TT0
C 11 0 n
H I
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G 1L im it (V (% I N +, % I N -)/ 1 m , 0 , ra t e * C A h ) 0
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 3 5 0 MTS C A L E = 6 0
N S = 1S O C = 0
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting
*Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 62 0 25m .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 9
1 minute into a second (in simulation)
1 minute into a second (in simulation)
Charge VoltageCharge Voltage
A constant current charger at rate of capacity (e.g.
11350mA)
A constant current charger at rate of capacity (e.g.
11350mA)
Time
0s 60s 120s 180s 240s 300s 360sV(HI)
0.9V
1.0V
1.1V
1.2V
1.3V
1.4V
1.5V
1.6V
H I
0
0
0IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G 1
lim it (V (% I N + , % I N -)/ 1 m , 0 , ra t e * C A h )G V A L U E
PARAMETERS:ra t e = 1C A h = 1 3 5 0 m
C 11 0 n
s e n s e
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 3 5 0 MTS C A L E = 6 0
N S = 1S O C = 1
5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
*Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 360 0 100m .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,1,2 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 10
0.2C
1C
2C
(min.)
TSCALE turns 1 minute into a second(in simulation), battery starts
from 100% of capacity (fully charged)
TSCALE turns 1 minute into a second(in simulation), battery starts
from 100% of capacity (fully charged)
• Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 1.0C, and 2.0C discharge rates.
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 3 5 0 MTS C A L E = 6 0
N S = 1S O C = 1
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
Cel
l Vo
ltag
e [V
]
Discharge Capacity [mAh]
0.2C (270mA)1.0C (1350mA)2.0C (2700mA)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0 1 2 3 4 5
Act
ual C
apac
ity(%
of R
ated
Cap
acity
)
Discharge Rate (Multiples of C)
Mesurement
Simulation
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 11
• Nominal Voltage: 1.2V• Capacity: 1350mAh• Discharge cut-off voltage: 1.0V
2700mA
Measurement Simulation
Simulation
1350mA270mA
H I
0
0
0IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G 1
lim it (V (% I N + , % I N -)/ 1 m , 0 , ra t e * C A h )G V A L U E
PARAMETERS:ra t e = 0 . 2C A h = 1 3 5 0 m
C 11 0 n
s e n s e
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 3 5 0 MTS C A L E = 6 0
N S = 1S O C = 1
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic Simulation Circuit and Setting
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 12
*Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 296.4 0 100m .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
A constant current discharger at rate of
capacity (e.g. 11350mA)
A constant current discharger at rate of
capacity (e.g. 11350mA)
1 minute into a second (in simulation)
1 minute into a second (in simulation)
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 5 0 0 M
TS C A L E = 3 6 0 0
N S = 7
S O C = 1
6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
• The battery information refer to a battery part number HHR-150AAB01F7
of Panasonic.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 13
The number of cells in series is input as a model parameter
The number of cells in series is input as a model parameter
Voltage - Rated 8.4V
Capacity 1500mAh
Structure 1 Row x 7 Cells Side to Side
Number of Cells 7
Basic Specification
Ni-MH needs 7 cells to reach
this voltage level
Ni-MH needs 7 cells to reach
this voltage level
2.1
4.8
VoltageNominal MH-NiRatedVoltage
NS
Time
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10sV(HI)
7.0V
7.7V
8.4V
9.1V
9.8V
10.5V
11.2V
11.9V
12.6V
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7
• Charging Current: 300mA (0.2 Charge)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 14
Voltage
(hour)
The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged
PARAMETERS:ra t e = 0 . 2C A h = 1 5 0 0 m
0
V in1 2 V
I B A TT0
C 11 0 n
H I
0
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G 1L im it (V (% I N +, % I N -)/ 1 m , 0 , ra t e * C A h )
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 5 0 0 MTS C A L E = 3 6 0 0
N S = 7S O C = 0
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7 Simulation Circuit and Setting
*Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 5.2 0 2.5m .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 15
Charge VoltageCharge Voltage
1 hour into a second (in simulation)
1 hour into a second (in simulation)
• Voltage - Rated: 8.4V• Discharging Current: 300mA(0.2C), 750mA(0.5C), 1500mA(1.0C)
Time
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0sV(HI)
6.3V
7.0V
7.7V
8.4V
9.1V
9.8V
10.5V
11.2V
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 16
(hour)
0.2C
1C
0.5C
H I
0
0
0IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G 1
lim it (V (% I N + , % I N -)/ 1 m , 0 , ra t e * C A h )G V A L U E
PARAMETERS:ra t e = 1C A h = 1 5 0 0 m
C 11 0 n
s e n s e
-+
U 1
N I -M H _ B A TTE R Y
C = 1 5 0 0 MTS C A L E = 3 6 0 0
N S = 7S O C = 1
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7 Simulation Circuit and Setting
*Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 6 0 2.5m .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,0.5,1 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 17
Parametric sweep “rate” for multiple rate discharge simulation
Parametric sweep “rate” for multiple rate discharge simulation
1 hour into a second (in simulation)
1 hour into a second (in simulation)
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2011 18
Simulations Folder name
1. Charge Time Characteristic.................................
2. Discharge Time Characteristic.............................
3. Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic..................................
4. Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7.......................
5. Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7...................
Charge_Time
Discharge_Time
Discharge_SOC
Charge_Time(NS)
Discharge_Time(NS)