PSDM
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Transcript of PSDM
PROBLEM SOLVING AND DECISION MAKING
Decision MakingHow to Make Good
DecisionsProblem SolvingBuilding Decision
Making Skills
Elements in Managerial Decisions
Decision: A conscious choice among alternative courses of action.
Therefore the 3 elements are:A conscious choice among alternatives
A specific purposeA course of action
Approaches to Decision Making
Rational (Logical Approach)
Intuitive ApproachUnable to decide
(Indecisive Approach)Impulsive Approach
Kinds of Decisions a Supervisor Makes
Routine data based decisions
Serious decisions having important consequences
Emergency decisions requiring distinctiveness
Problem- SolvingDecisions beyond
your authority* It is essential to recognize which decisions need to be made now and are most important
A Simple Version of Decision Making (The Logical Approach)
Define the problem (conditions and limitations) and the set of objectives
Analyze the problem: fact finding
Develop alternative solutions: brainstorming
Decide on the best solutionConvert the decision into
actionFollow up
Pattern of Problem Solving
Describe the problemSearch out the cause,
get the factsDefine the real problem
and set objectivesDevelop alternative
solutionsDecide on the best
solutionImplement the decisionFollow up
Participative Problem Solving
Argument for Group Decision Making :You get more info. And expertise
relevant to the decision You get more good ideas and can
generate more and better alternatives
People thinking together can arrive at better decisions because of the stimulation and interplay of different points of view
Participants are more committed to carrying out
Coordination and communication are simpler and better because everyone understands
Participative Problem Solving
Criticism of group decision making:It takes longer in a groupThere is usually a
dominator in a groupGroup participants get
involved in winning arguments and showing off
If consensus is required people may conform to get the meeting over
Consensus leads to mediocre decisions
Group Decision Making Works Best When:
Members are accustom to working together as a team and having differing expertise and point of view but common goals
The leader is skillful at keeping the meeting on target
The group is rewarded for making good decisions
Solving Peoples ProblemsPersonal problems
are not yours to resolve but LISTENING can help.
Keep your own emotions out of it.
Try to identify the real problem.
If possible eliminate friction (ex. Food Expeditor).
Win-Win Problem SolvingWin-Lose: You win, worker
losesLose-Win: You lose, worker
wins (retreat and appeasement, no stand)
Lose-Lose: The compromiseWin-Win problem solving
means you find a decision that satisfies both of you.Include worker from the
beginning: From defining the problem to carrying out an agreement
Guidelines for Building Decision Making Skills
Be sure of your authority for making decisions
Accept responsibility fullyDistinguish what's
importantMake the decision at the
time it is neededBe alert to signs of
problems needing solutionsKeep an open mind
Guidelines for Building Decision Making Skills
Don’t solicit advise but do consult your supervisor when a problem is beyond your ability to solve
Make sure that you are not part of the problem
Learn from your mistakesEvaluate your decisions
when carried out