PSC November 15 · kn-°v- s]m-Xp-hn¬- A-`n-am-\n-°m-≥ h-en-b- tXm-Xn¬- h-I-bp≠v.- Im-c-Ww-...

$: PSC November 15 · kn-°v- s]m-Xp-hn¬- A-`n-am-\n-°m-≥ h-en-b- tXm-Xn¬- h-I-bp≠v.- Im-c-Ww- \-Ωp-sS- k-aq-l-Øn¬- ]-e-hn-[-Øn-ep-≈-Po¿-Æ-X-Iƒ- _m-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv.- A-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈-$
website: www.keralapsc.gov.in E-mail: [email protected] Circulation : 0471-2546270

Vol. 28 Issue 4 Fortnightly October 15, 2016 Page 24 ` 10

PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission

SINCE 1985

sdt°m¿Uv ]co£-bvs°m-cpßn ]n.-F-kv.-kn.

-k-tlm-Z-cn- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-tc,--tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-s‚- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Hm-

¨-sse-≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µ-Øn-s‚- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- Hu-]-Nm-cn-I-am-bn- \n¿-∆-ln-®-Xm-bn- B-Zy-am-bn- A-dn-bn-°p-∂p.-

-C-hn-sS- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-≥ sN-b¿-am-≥ ]-kv-Xm-hn-®-Xp-t]m-se- \-Ωp-sS- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- h-f-sc- Im-cy-£-a-am-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- H-cp- kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv.- \-Ωp-sS- cm-Py-Øp-X-s∂- G-‰-hpw- am-Xr-Im-]-c-hpw- A-gn-a-Xn-c-ln-X-hpw-Im-cy-£-a-hp-am-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- I-Ωo-j-≥,- tI-c-f-Øn-se- I-Ωo-j-\m-Wv- F-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- C-Xn-\v- ]n.-F-kv.-kn-°v- s]m-Xp-hn¬- A-`n-am-\n-°m-≥ h-en-b- tXm-Xn¬- h-I-bp≠v.- Im-c-Ww- \-Ωp-sS- k-aq-l-Øn¬- ]-e-hn-[-Øn-ep-≈-Po¿-Æ-X-Iƒ- _m-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv.- A-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- H-cp- L-´-Øn¬- A-sXm-∂pw- Im-cy-am-bn- _m-[n-°m-sX- H-cp- k-hn-

tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-s‚ tIm-gn-t°mSv- Hm¨-sse≥- ]co-£m- tIµØn-s‚ DZv-Lm-S\w- _lp.- ap-Jy-a¥n- ]n-Wdm-bn- hn-Pb≥- \n¿-∆ln-°p-∂p-

2016 H-tŒm-_¿- 6 \v- tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-s‚-

tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Hm- -sse-≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µw- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w-

sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v- _-lp.- ap-Jy-a-¥n- ]n-W-dm-bn- hn-P-b-≥

\-S-Øn-b- ]-kw-K-Øn-s‚- ]q¿-Æ-cq-]w

ti-j- kw-hn-[m-\-am-bn- Cu- `-c-W-L-S-\m- ÿm-]-\w- tI-c-f-Øn¬- X-e-bp-b¿-Øn- \n¬-°p-∂p- F-∂-Xv- A-`n-am-\-I-c-am-b- Im-cy-am-Wv.- C-Xv- I-f-¶-c-ln-X-am-bn- \n-e-\n¬-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- G-‰-hpw- ]-[m-\-am-Wv.- Im-c-Ww,- sXm-gn¬- c-ln-X-cm-b,-C-hn-sS- sN-b¿-am-≥ ]-kv-Xm-hn-®-Xp-t]m-se,- tIm-Sn-°-W-°n-\v- bp-h-Xo-bp-hm-°ƒ- A¿-∏n-°p-∂- hn-izm-k-am-Wv- Cu- ÿm-]-\-Øn-s‚- \n-e-\n¬-∏n-\v- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- A-Sn-ÿm-\w. A-t∏m-f-Xn¬- C-f-°w- X-´m-≥ ]m-Sn-√.- A-Xn¬- C-f-°w- X-´m-sX- ap-t∂m-´v- t]m-Im-≥ ]n.-F-kv.-kn-bv-°v- I-gn-b-s´- F-∂m-Wv- B-Zy-am-bn- B-iw-kn-°m-\p-≈-Xv.- C-hn-sS- A-t±-lw- ]-d-™- a-s‰m-cp- Im-cyw- i-cn-bm-Wv.- C-Xp-t]m-se- C-X-b-[n-Iw-]-co-£-Iƒ- \-S-Øn- \n-b-a-\-in-]m¿-i-Iƒ- \¬-Ip-∂- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-≥ \-Ωp-sS- cm-Py-Øv- th-sd- Im-Wm-\m-

t]Pv- 2

(-tijw- t]Pv- 24¬)-

tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Hm -sse≥- ]co-£m-tIµw-

\m-Sn-\v- ka¿-∏n-®p-

2 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

hm¿-jn-I hcnkwJy ˛ $ 200aWn-tbm¿U-dmbn Abt°≠ hnemkw:

]ªn-Iv- dn-tej≥-kv- Hm-ô-k¿,-tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- IΩnj≥,-

]´w- ]m-ekv- ]n.-H., Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-˛695004 h-cn-°m¿- _p-≈-‰n-≥ kw-_-‘n-®v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw-

t^m- - sN-øp-tºm-gpw- _p-≈-‰n-\n-s‚- te-_-en-ep-≈ k-_v-kv-ssI-_¿- \-º¿- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

Pn-√m- X-e- tkm¿-ń-Mn-\m-bn- h-cn-°m¿- hn-em-k-Øn¬- Pn-√-bp-sS- t]-cpw- ]n-≥tIm-Upw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.-

Im-em-h-[n- Xo-cm-dm-Ip-∂- h-cn-°m¿-°v- A-Xp- kw-_-‘-am-b- A-dn-bn-∏v- B-dp- e-°w- ap-ºv- ap-X¬- dm-∏-dn-se- hn-em-k-Øn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øp-≠v.-

h-cn-kw-Jy- Hm¨-sse\m-bpw- hn-hn-[- ]n-F-kv-kn- Hm-ô-kp-I-fn¬- t\-cn- pw- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- Un-.-Un,- sN°,v-t]m-kv-‰¬- Hm¿-U¿- kzo-Im-cy-a√.-

hcn°mcpsS i≤bv°v

]Xm[n]kanXn A[y-£≥-

io.- Atim-I≥- Ncp-hn¬saw-_¿-, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

]Xm[n]kanXn Aw-Kßƒ-

tUm.- sI Djsaw-_¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

io.- ]n- in-hZm-k≥-saw-_¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

io-aXn.- kn-an- tdm-kv-s_¬- tPm¨-saw-_¿, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

AUz.- C cho-µ\m-Y≥-saw-_¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn--j≥

FUn-‰¿

km-Pp -tPm¿-Pv-

skI´dn-,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩn-j≥ -

]ªnIv dntej≥kv Hmôk¿

sI.- B¿.- a-t\m-PvIpam¿ ]n-≈

t^m¨ : 0471 2546368 OR 9446412483k¿°ptej≥ (]n.B¿.bqWn‰v): 0471 2546270

Bÿm\ Hmôkv F≥Iz-b-dnP\-d¬ F≥Iz-b-dn 0471 2546400,0471 2546401(]h¿Ø\ kabw cmhnse 8 apX¬ sshIp-t∂cw 6 aWn-h-sc).

tImƒ sk‚¿tImƒ sk‚¿: 0471 2444428, 0471 2444438,04712555538(]h¿Ø\ kabw cmhnse 10.15 apX¬ sshIp-t∂cw 5.15 aWn-h-sc).

taJem Hm- o-kp-IƒsIm√w: 0474 2745674, F-d-Wm-Ipfw: 0484 2317435,tImgn-t°mSv: 0495 2371500

Pn√m Hm- o-kp-IƒXncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-: 0471 2448188/ 0471 2546402,sIm√w: 0474 2743624, ]Ø-\w-Xn´: 0468- 2222665,-B-e∏pg: 0477 2264134, tIm´bw: 0481 2578278,-C-Sp°n: 04868 272359,- F-d-Wm-Ipfw: 0484 2314500,Xr»q¿: 0487 2327505, ]me-°mSv: 0491 2505398,ae-∏pdw: 0483 2734308, tImgn-t°mSv: 0495 2371971,hb-\mSv: 04936 202539, IÆq¿: 0497 2700482,Imk¿tKmU:v 04994 230102

sk]vXw_¿ 1 e°-Øn¬ tZiob KmaoW Btcm-Ky-ZuXyw Bcw- n-®Xv 2013- ¬ F∂v tN¿Øn-cp-∂Xv2005 F∂v XncpØnhmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

sk]vXw_¿ 15 e°Øn¬ ]Xn -s\m∂mwt]Pn¬ tIc-f-N-cn-Xhpw hy‡n-Ifpw F∂]w‡n-bn¬ 1758¬- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- \m-Sp-\o-ßn-b-t∏mƒ- cm-Pm-hm-b- Im¿-Øn-I- Xn-cp-\mƒ- _m-e-cm-a-h¿-a-([¿-a-cm-Pm-hv-)-bp-sS- Im-e-Øpw- A-ø-∏-≥am¿-Øm-Wv-U-]n-≈- Z-f-hm-ÿm-\-Øp-Xp-S¿-∂pF∂v sImSpØn-cp-∂p. AXv Im¿ØnI Xncp-\mƒcma-h¿a F∂v XncpØnhmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

HIvtSm-_¿ 1 e°-Øn¬ 24-˛mw t]Pn¬ F.-sP.-tPm-Wn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-W-Øn¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ `c-W-L-S\m \n¿am-W-k-anXn cq]w-sIm-≠Xv 1920 am¿®v 20 F∂v tN¿Øn-cp-∂Xv 1948am¿-®v- 20 F-∂v- Xn-cp-Øn-hm-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

XncpØv

sF.-F-≥.-F-kv.- hn-Im-¥v- (H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 1,- t]-Pv- 22)-

Uo-I-Ωo-j-≥ sN-bv-X- C-¥y-bp-sS- F-b¿-Im-^v-‰v-Im-cn-b-dm-b- sF.-F-≥.-F-kv.- hn-Im-¥v- ^v-tfm-ńw-Kv- ayq-kn-b-am-bn- \n-e-\n¿-Øn-b-Xv- apw-ss_-bn-em-Wv- (1997˛-2012).-2012˛¬- kp-c-£m- Im-c-W-ß-fm¬- ayq-kn-bw- A-S-®p.-2014˛¬- I-∏¬- s]m-fn-®v- tem-lw- F-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- Hm-¨-sse-≥ te-e-Øn¬- \¬-In.-

(i-cn-bm-b- h-kv-Xp-X- A-dn-bn-®-Xv- [-\y- io-\m-cm-b-W-]p-cw,- iymw-Ir-jv-W- sh-™m-d-aq-Sv.- sX-‰v- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xn¬- tJ-Zn-°p-∂p-)-

HIvtSm-_¿ 1 e°-Øn¬ 12-˛mw t]Pn¬ kn-hn¬- FIv-sskkv- Hm-ô-k¿- (Im-‰Kdn- \º¿- 307/2016 ap-X¬309/2016 hsc)- Xkv-Xn-Ibp-sS hn-Pv-Rm-]\Øn¬- Hgn-hp-Ifp-sS FÆw- F∂ hn-`m-KØn¬- Im-‰Kdn- \º¿-307/2017,- 308/2017,- 309/2017 F∂Xv- 307/2016,- 308/2016,-309/2016 F∂v- Xn-cp-Øn- hm-bn-°m≥- A`y¿-∞n-°p-∂p.-

X]m¬ hcn-°m-cpsS FÆ-Øn¬ h¿[-\hv_p≈-‰ns‚ X]m¬ hcn-kwJy HSp-°p-

∂-Xn\v Hm¨sse≥ kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-ØnbtXmsS hcn-°m-cpsS FÆw h¿[n-®p. At∏mƒØs∂ k_vkvssI_¿enÃn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ sXm´-SpØe°w apX¬ _p≈-‰n≥ X]m-en¬ e`n-°psa∂Xv Hm¨sse-≥ kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚sa®-am-Wv. Pn√mXe tkm¿ń-Mn\v ]pdta,hnX-c-W-Øn\v thKw Iq´p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]o˛-t]m-ÃnMv tPmen-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip∂apdbv°v _p≈-‰n\p-Iƒ X]m¬ Hmô-kn¬FØn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ Iao-I-cWw sk]vXw-_¿ 15 e°w apX¬ \S-∏n¬h-cp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. DtZym-Km¿Yn-Iƒ°v GP≥kn-Iƒap-tJ\ _p≈-‰n≥hm-ßp-∂-Xn\v kuI-cy-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xn\v GP≥kn-sb-Sp-°m≥ k∂-≤-

cm-Ip-∂-h¿°v ]cn-]q¿W ]n¥p-Wbpw kl-I-c-Whpw ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv hn`m-K-Øn¬ \n∂v\¬In-h-cp-∂p-≠v. 300 cq] amX-amWv an\nawUnt∏m-kn-‰v. Un.-Un./Sjdn sNem≥/aWn-tbm¿U¿ aptJ-\tbm ]nFkvkn Hmô-kp-I-fn¬ t\cnt´m GP≥kn-Iƒ°v ]Ww AS-bv°mw.DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°v _p≈-‰n≥ e`y-am°p-∂-Xn\v hnZ-ym-`-ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ, dkn-U≥kvAtkm-kn-tb-j-\p-Iƒ, hmb-\-im-e-Iƒ, bqØv¢_p-Iƒ, DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n Iq´m-bva-Iƒ apX-em-b-h Ct∏mƒ kPo -h -ambn cwK -Øp -≠v .]nFkvknbpambn _‘-s∏´ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-sfbpw hyh-ÿ-I-sf-bpw-°p-dn®v sa®-s∏´ Ah-t_m[w DtZym-Km¿Yn-Ifn¬ krjvSn®v AXp-hgnHmôkv ]h¿Ø\w kpK-a-am-I-Ø-°-X-c-Øn¬_p≈-‰n-\ns‚ D≈-S°w Iao-I-cn-®n´p-≠v.

]co£m tIµ-ßƒ°mbn At]£ £Wn-°p∂ptIcf ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-j≥ \S-Øp∂ FgpØp ]co£Iƒ/H.-Fw.-B¿. ]-co-£-Iƒ F∂nh\S-Øm≥ Xm¬]-c-y-s∏-Sp∂ ]co£m kulr-Z-hpw, DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n kulr-Zhpw Bb tIc-f-ØnseF√m k¿°m¿, FbvU-Uv, A¨ FbvUUv kvIqfp-Iƒ, tImtf-Pp-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ta[m-hn-I-fn¬\n∂pw At]-£-Iƒ £Wn-°p-∂p. At]£m t^map-Iƒ Hm¨sse-\mbn e`n-°p-∂-Xn\vasexam.psc.kerala.gov.in F∂ C.-s-abn-en¬ IØp-Iƒ Ab-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. IØp-Iƒ e -y-am-°p∂ apdbv°v At]£m ^mdß-ƒ C -sa-bneneqsS e -y-am-°p-∂Xpw BbXv ]qcn-∏n®v ]kvXpXC -sa-bn¬ hnem Øn-tebv°v FXbpw thKw e -y-am-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. \ne-hn¬ tIcf ]ªnIv k¿∆okvIΩo-js‚ ]co£m tIµ-ß-fmbn A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏- n- p≈ kvIqfp-Iƒ, tImtf-Pp-Iƒ F-∂nh-bpsSta[m-hn-Iƒ ÿm]-\-Øns‚ t^m¨ \º¿, C -sa-bn¬ hnemkw F∂nh -IØnt\m-sSm∏w kqNn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ]co£m tIµ-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]q¿Æ Ah-Imiw IΩo-j-\n¬ \n£n-]v-Xam-bn-cn-°pw.

]n.-F-kv.kn. Adn-bn-∏p-Iƒ-

sdt°m¿Uv ]co£-bvs°m-cpßn ]n.-F-kv.-kn.tIcf tÃ‰v _nh-td-P-kn¬ (am-\p- m-IvN-dnwKv B‚ v am¿°-‰nwKv tIm¿∏-td-j≥ enan-‰-Uv) temh¿Unhn-j≥ ¢m¿°v XkvXn-I-bn-te°v (t\cn´pw XkvXn-I-am‰w hgn-bpw) 2016 HIvtSm-_¿ 22 \v\S-Øp∂ H.-Fw.-B¿. ]co-£-bn-eqsS G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ FÆw DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Isf ]co-£-bv°n-cpØn sdt°m¿Uv t\´w ssIh-cn-°phm≥ Hcp-ßp-I-bmWv tIcf ]n.-F-kv.-kn. 6,36,634 DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-I-sf-bmWv Cu ]co-£bv°v Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. 2016 sabv 24 \v \S∂ hnhn[bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fnse Akn-Ã‚ v XkvXn-I-bv°mWv CXn\v ap≥]v IqSp-X¬ DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-°mbn ]n.F-kv.-kn. ]co£ Hcp-°n-bncp-∂-Xv. 5,41,823 DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°mWv A∂v ]co£mIao-I-c-W-ßƒ \S-Øn-b-ncp-∂Xv.

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 3

tIc-f ]-ªn-Iv k¿-∆o-kv I-Ωo-j≥

I-gn-™ A-©p h¿jßƒ (2011- 2016)

Hcp Ahtem-I-\wIgn™ A©v- h¿-j-°m-ew- tI-c-f- ]-_v-fn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-s‚- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- k-aq-e-hpw- Kp-W-]-c-hp-am-b- am-‰-ßƒ- h-cp-Øp-hm-≥ km-[n-®p.- ]-Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fm-bn- Xp-S¿-∂p- t]m-∂- ]-e- ]m-No-\-co-Xn-I-sf-bpw- Im-tem-Nn-X-am-bn- ]-cn-jv-I-cn-®v- ]n.- F-kv.- kn.- ]-co-£-Iƒ-°pw- ^-e-]-Jym-]-\-ßƒ-°pw- Iq-Sp-X¬- th-K-X-bpw- kzo-Im-cy-X-bpw- \¬-In.- A-°m-Z-an-Iv- ˛- ]-co-£m-˛- A-Sn-ÿm-\- ku-I-cy-hn-I-k-\ ta-J-e-bn¬- H-t´-sd- am-‰-ß-fm-Wv- ]-_v-fn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-\n¬- C-°m-e-b-f-hn¬- D≠mbXv.

dm¶ven-Ãp-Iƒ thK-Øn¬Ign™ A©v h¿j-°m-e-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ hnhn[ XkvXn-I-I-fn-embn 4546

hn⁄m-]-\-ßƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. sXm´vap-ºp≈ A©v h¿j-ß-fn¬ CXv 3753 amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. 4546 hn⁄m-]-\-ßƒ ]Imcw 2,21,92,654DtZym-Km¿∞n-I-ƒ At]-£n-®p. 2006 ˛ 2011 ¬ At]-£-I-cpsS FÆw1,47,70,941 Bbn-cp-∂p. 50% iXam-\-Øn¬-°q-SpX¬ h¿≤-\-hmWv C°m-e-b-f-hn¬ D≠-m-b-Xv.

2852 ]-co-£-Iƒ- \-S-Øn.- 2006 - 11 ¬- 1019 ]-co-£-Iƒ- am-X-am-Wv- \-S-∂-Xv.- 180 i-X-am-\-tØm-fw- h¿-≤-\-hm-Wv- C-°m-cy-Øn¬- D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- 2,-23,-98,-941 D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- ]-co-£-sb-gp-Xn-b-t∏mƒ- 2006 -11 ¬- 1,-29,-47,-405 t]¿- ]-co-£-bv-°v- lm-P-cm-bn.- 75%- h¿-≤-\-hm-Wv- C-°m-e-b-f-hn¬- D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-

-I-gn-™- A-©v- h¿-jw- 3566 dm-¶v-en-Ãp-Iƒ- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.- 2006˛-11 ¬-2472 dm-¶v-en-Ãp-Iƒ- am-X-ta- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ I-gn-™p-≈q.- 6,-58,-044 D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- I-gn-™- A-©v- h¿-j-°m-ew- hn-hn-[- dm-¶v- en-Ãp-I-fn¬- Dƒ-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- 4,-82,-375 D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v- am-X-am-Wv- 2006˛-11 ¬- hn-hn-[- dm-¶v-en-Ãp-I-fn¬- C-Sw-]n-Sn-°p-hm-≥ km-[n-®-Xv.-

-I-gn-™- A-©v- h¿-j-ß-fn¬- 2848 C-‚¿-hyq-Iƒ- \-S-Øn.- F-∂m¬- 2006˛-11 ¬- tI-c-f- ]-_v-fn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-\v- 1761 C-‚¿-hyq-Iƒ- kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-hm-s\- km-[n-®p-≈q.- 70%- h¿-≤-\-hm-Wv- C-°m-cy-Øn¬- D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- 1,-61,-496 D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- hn-hn-[- C-‚¿-hyq-I-fn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Øp.-

-1,-57,-096 D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v- A-ssUz-kv- sa-tΩm- A-b-®p.- 2011˛-16 ¬- 2,-40,-62,-325 A-t]-£-I-fn¬- Xo¿-∏v- I¬-∏n-®-t∏mƒ- 2006 ˛-11 ¬- tI-h-ew- 1,-22,-82,-997 A-t]-£-I-fn¬- am-X-am-Wv- Xo¿-∏v- I-ev-]n-°m-\m-b-Xv.- 90%- h¿-≤-\-hm-Wv-C-°m-e-b-f-hn¬- D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- -

kz-¥-am-bn- kn-e-_-kv--N-cn-X-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn- ]n.- F-kv.- kn.- ]-co-£-Iƒ-°v- k-a-K-am-b- kz-¥w-

kn-e-_-kv- D-≠m-b-Xv- 2013 em-Wv.- ]n.- F-kv.- kn.- bp-sS- F-√m- ]-co-£-I-fn-epw-tI-c-f-Øn-se- \-thm-∞m-\- ]-ÿm-\-ß-fpw- tZ-io-b-k-a-c- N-cn-X-hpw- \n¿-_-‘n-X- hn-j-b-ß-fm-°n.- 20 tNm-Zy-ßƒ- Cu- hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬- \n-∂m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂- \n-_-‘-\- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- a-e-bm-fw- H-cp- hn-j-b-am-bn- km-[y-am-b- F-√m-]-co-£-I-fn-epw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn.-

-3146 F-kv.- kn.- /- F-kv.- Sn.- \n-b-a-\-ß-fn¬- \-S-]-Sn--27 h¿-j-ß-fm-bn- bm-sXm-cp-hn-[-Øn-ep-≈- \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw- kzo-I-cn-°m-sX-

A-\m-Y-am-bn- In-S-∂- 2015 h-sc-bp-≈- 3146 F-kv.- kn.- /- F-kv.- Sn.- H-gn-hp-Iƒ-]q¿-W-am-bn- \n-I-Øp-∂-Xn-\v- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- kzo-I-cn-®p.- C-Xn¬- 2040 t]¿-°v- A-ssUz-kv- A-b-®p.- 1106 H-gn-hp-Iƒ- \n-I-Øp-∂-Xv- kw-_-‘n-bm-b- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ-A-h-km-\-L-´-Øn-em-Wv.-

609 h-\-hm-kn-Iƒ-°v- ssS-_¬- hm-®¿- tPm-en-h\-hm-kn-Iƒ°v th≠n h\w hIp∏v krjvSn® 609 ssS_¬ hm®¿

XkvXn-I-fn-te-°p≈ sXc-s™-Sp∏v bp≤-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-®p.- ]n.- F-kv.- kn.- bp-sS- N-cn-X-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn- sN-b¿-am-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬-I-Ωo-j-≥ Aw-K-ßƒ- h-\-Øn-se-Øn- A-t]-£-I-sc- I-s≠-Øn- A-h-cn¬- \n-∂pw- t\-cn-´v- A-t]-£- kzo-I-cn-®v- C-‚¿-hyq- \-S-Øn-bm-Wv- \n-b-a-\-ßƒ- \-S-Øn-b-Xv.- B-sI- 9749 A-t]-£-Iƒ- e-`n-®p.- _o-‰v- t^m-d-Ãv- Hm-ô-k¿,- B-b,-kn-hn¬- t]m-eo-kv- Hm-ô-k¿,- kn-hn¬- F-Iv-ssk-kv- Hm-ô-k¿- X-kv-Xn-I-I-fn¬- F-kv.- Sn.- hn-`m-K-°m¿-°v- kw-h-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂- H-gn-hp-I-fn-te-°p-≈- \n-b-a-\- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- A-¥n-a- L-´-Øn-emWv.

2714 ]nt∂m° Hgn-hp-Iƒ \nIØnh¿j-ß-fmbn hn⁄m-]\w \S-ØmsX InS-∂n-cp∂ ]nt∂m° hn`m-K-

°m¿°p th≠n-bp≈ 4273 F≥. kn. F. Hgn-hp-I-fn-te°v hn⁄m-]\w \S-Øn. CXn¬ 2714 \nb-a-\-ßƒ°v AssUzkv Ab-®p. _m°n-bp≈ 1559Hgn-hp-I-fn¬ 963 Hgn-hp-Iƒ \nI-Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ k¿°m¿ Fs¥-¶nepw bp‡-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-t°≠-n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 596 XkvXn-I-I-fn-te-bv°p≈ \nb-

a\ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \n¿∆-l-W-L-´-Øn-em-Wv.

\mev - Hm¨sse≥ ]co£m tIµ-ßƒ`mcX N-cn-X-Øn¬- ]-co-£-Iƒ- Hm-¨-sse-\m-°p-∂- B-Zy- ]n.-F-kv.- kn.- bm-bn- tI-c-f-

]n.-F-kv.- kn.- am-dn-b-Xv- C-°m-e-Øm-Wv.- ]-co-£m-Xo-b-Xn- ap-X¬- 30 Zn-h-k-Øn-\-Iw- Np-cp-°-∏-ń-I,- dm-¶v-]-ń-I- F-∂- e-£y-hp-am-bn- B-ÿm-\,- ta-J-em-,- Pn-√m-- B-ô-kp-I-tfm-S-\p-_-‘n-®v-tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-≥ kz-¥w- Hm-¨-sse-≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µ-ßƒ- ÿm-]n-®v- ^-e-]-Z-am-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-®p- h-cp-∂p.-

-2013se- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- sN-b¿-am-∑m-cp-sS- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-em-Wv- bp.-]n.-F-kv.-kn- sN-b¿-am-≥Hm-¨-sse-≥ am-Xr-I-bn-te-bv-°v- ]-co-£-Iƒ- am-‰-Ww- F-∂v- \n¿-t±-in-®-Xpw- A-Xv- Aw-Kn-I-cn-®-Xpw.- tI-c-fw- H-gn-sI-bp-≈- kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ- Hm-¨-sse-≥ ]-co-£-bp-sS- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øw- TCS -t]m-ep-≈- kz-Im-cy- kw-cw-`-I-sc- G¬-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬- tI-c-f-Øn¬-Cu- co-Xn- \-S-∏n-em-°p-hm-≥ km-[y-a-√.- Im-c-Ww- H-cp- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-°v- 5001000 cq-]-bm-Wv-Cu- kw-c-`-I¿- h-kq-em-°p-∂-Xv.- am-X-a-√- tNm-Zy-°-S-em-kv- X-øm-dm-°p-∂-Xpw- ]-co-£-bpw- aq-ey-\n¿-Æ-b-hpw- \-S-Øp-∂-Xpw- dm-¶v- ]-ń-I- X-øm-dm-°p-∂-Xpw- Cu- kz-Im-cy- kw-c-`-I-cm-Wv.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- °v- t\-cn-´v- \n-b-¥-W-an-√m-Ø- A-Ø-cw- H-cp- ]-co-£m- k-º-Zm-bw- tI-c-fm- ]n.-F-kv.-kn-°v- A-kzo-I-cy-am-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- kz-¥-am-b- Hm-¨-sse-≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µw- \n¿-Ωn-®v-dn-Iq-´v-sa-‚ v- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- Xz-cn-X-K-Xn-bn-em-°m-≥ I-Ωn-j-≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®-Xpw- k¿-°m¿- A-Xn-\v-th-≠- [-\-k-lm-bw- \¬-Ip-∂-Xpw.- C-Xn-s‚- ]-[m-\yw- a-\- n-em-°n-bm-Wv- 5 tIm-Sn- cq-]- A-[n-I- tI-µ- k-lm-b-am-bpw- c-≠-c- tIm-Sn- cq-]- I-ºyq-´¿-h¬-°-c-W-Øn-\v- kw-ÿm-\- hn-ln-X-am-bpw- Iq-Sm-sX- ap-≥ k¿-°m¿- \-S-∏v- km-º-Øn-I- h¿-j-sØ- _-P-‰n¬- (201617)- 10 tIm-Sn- cq-]- h-I-bn-cp-Øn-b-Xpw- C-t∏m-g-sØ- k¿-°m¿- A-\p-h-Zn-®v- X-∂n-´p-≈-Xpw.-

--2014 B-K-kv-‰v- 28˛-\v- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- _-lp.- ap-≥ ap-Jy-a-¥n- io.-D-Ω-≥Nm-≠n- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-X- Hm-¨-sse-≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µw- "`m-c-X-Øn¬- k¿-°m¿- ta-J-e-bn-se- B-Zy-tØ-Xv-'- F-∂- Jym-Xn-tbm-sS- N-cn-X-Øn¬- C-Sw- ]n-Sn-®p.- c-≠m-a-sØ- Hm-¨-sse-≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µw-2014 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 29˛-\v- _-lp.- ap-≥ d-h-\yp- &- I-b¿- h-Ip-∏v- a-¥n- io.- A-Sq¿- ]-Im-iv- ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn-epw- aq-∂m-a-tØ-Xv- Un-kw-_¿- 14\v- _-lp.- tI-c-f- K-h¿-W¿- io.- P-kv-‰n-kv- (dn-´.-)- ]n.-k-Zm-in-hw- F-d-Wm-Ip-f-Øpw- Xp-S¿-∂v \mem-a-tØXv 2016 H-Iv-tSm_¿ 6-mw Xob-Xn _lp. ap-Jy-a-¥n. io. ]n-W-dm-bn hnP-b≥ tIm-gn-t°mSpw D-Zv-LmS-\w sN-bv-Xp. Cu tI-µ-ß-fp-sSC-cn∏n-S ti-jn b-Ym-Iaw 480, 210, 420, 640 F-∂n-ß-s\-bmWv.

tIm-gn-t°m-Sv knhn¬ tÃ-j-s‚ 'F' tªm-°n-\v ap-Ifn¬ D-]-tbm-K-iq-\y-am-bn In-S-∂ Hm-∏¨ sS-d-kn-em-Wv hn-]p-eam-b ku-I-cy-ß-fp-≈ \m-ema-sØ Hm¨-sse≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µw-ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f C-e-Œn-°¬-kv & A-sse-Uv F-©n-\n-b-dnw-Kv Iº-\n en-an-‰Uv(KEL) F-∂ kwÿm-\ k¿-°m-cn-s‚ D-S-a-kv-YX-bn-ep-≈ ÿm-]-\-am-Wv \n¿-Ωm-Ww Gs‰-Sp-Øv ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-®Xv. \nehn¬ H-tc sk-‰v tNm-Zy-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v 1750 D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°vHm¨-sse≥ ]-co-£ km-≤y-am-Ipw. C]-Im-cw ]q¿-Øn-bm°n-b \mev Hm¨-sse≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µ-ß-fp-sS ]-k-‡ hn-hc-ßƒ ]-ń-Im cq-]Øn¬ NphsS:-

Ia ÿ-ew sN-ehm-b ]-Wn sNbv-X C-cn∏n-S ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-®\-º¿ Xp-I ÿm-]-\ßƒ ti-jn XobXn1 Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw `4,56,06,698 KEL, KELTRON 480 27.08.20142 ]-Ø-\wXn´ `1,45,11,415 -do- 210 28.09.20143 F-d-Wm-Ipfw `3,29,76,202 BSNL, KEL & KELTRON 420 04.12.20144 tIm-gn-t°mSv `8,12,42,920 KEL 640 31.08.2016

BsI `17,43,37,235 1750 #

# Htc tNm-Zy-°-S-em-kn-s\ B-kv-]-Z-am-°n ]-co-£-bv-°n-cp-Ømhp-∂ B-sI D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-fp-sS FÆw.

At]£-Iƒ Hm¨-sse\n¬F√m hn-⁄m-]-\-ßƒ-°p-ap-≈ A-t]£-Iƒ Hm¨-sse-\m-°n am‰n.h¨ ssSw cPn-

kvtS-j\pw h¨ ssSw shcn-^n-t°-j\pw ka-K-am-°n. bqWnt^mw A[n-jvTnX tk\-I-fn-tebv°v F√m h¿jhpw sXc-s™-Sp∏v G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. emÃv tKUv, F¬. Un. ¢¿°v, skI-t´-dn-b‰v,- ]n-Fkv-kn- ap-Xem-bhbn¬- Akn-Ã‚ v, Iº\n/tIm¿∏-td-j≥ Akn-Ã‚ v XkvXn-I-I-fn-te-°p≈ dm¶v enÃpIfpsS Imem-h[n aq∂v h¿j-am-°n.

]co-£-I-fn¬ IrXyX]n.- F-kv. kn.- ]-co-£-I-fn¬- kp-Xm-cy-X-bpw- Ir-Xy-X-bpw- D-d-∏m-°m-\p-≈- \-ho-\- co-Xn-

Iƒ- kr-jv-Sn-®v- hn-izm-ky-X- h¿-≤n-∏n-®p.- A-t]-£-I-cm-b- kv-Xo-Iƒ-°v- A-h-c-h-cp-sS- Xm-eq-°p-I-fn¬- ]n.- F-kv.- kn.- ]-co-£-sb-gp-Xp-hm-\p-≈- A-h-k-cw- \¬-In.- A-X-Xv- Pn-√-I-fn¬- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- ]-cn-tim-[-\- \-S-Øm-\p-≈- kw-hn-[m-\w- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- C-‚¿-hyq-hn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-hm-≥ Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- F-Ø-W-sa-∂- co-Xn- am-‰n- A-X-Xv- Pn-√-I-fn-tem- A-Sp-Ø-Sp-Ø- Pn-√-I-fn-tem- do-Pn-b-\p-I-fn-tem- A-h-k-cw- \¬-In-b-Xv- h-S-°-≥ Pn-√-I-fn-se- A-t]-£-I¿-°v- G-sd- ku-I-cyw- \¬-In.- sh-cn-^n-t°-j-\pw- C-‚¿-hyq-hpw Hcp Znh-k-am-°n.

sI.]n X-¶a-Wn A-ΩtPm-bn‚ v sk-I´dn

4 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

Un∏m¿ vsa‚¬ ]co-£-Iƒ \ho-I-cn®pUn∏m¿ v--sa‚¬ ]co£m hn`m-KsØ kºq¿Æ-ambn

Hmt´m-ta-j≥ kwhn-[m-\-Øn-em°n, C˛-t]-bvsa‚ v coXnG¿s∏-Sp-Øn. Un∏m¿´-v-sa‚¬ ]co-£-I-ƒ H_vP-IvSohvcoXn-bn-ep≈ ]co£m kwhn-[m-\-Øn-em°n, H.- Fw. B¿.aqey-\n¿Æbw \S-∏n-em-°n. Un∏m¿´v--sa‚¬ ]co£IƒHm-W-sse-\m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ km-[yX-Iƒ ]-cn-tim-[n-®ph-cn-I-bmWv.

Iºyq-´-ssd-tk-j≥]n.-F-kv.kn. ]co-£-Ifpw A\p-_‘ tPmen-Ifpw

]q¿Æ-ambpw I-ºyq-´¿-h¬-°-cn-®p.- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v-F-kv.- Fw.- F-kv.- A-e¿-´p-Iƒ,- C-˛-th-°-≥kn- dn-t∏m-¿-ń-Mv,- Fw- ˛- K-th¿-W-≥kv,- hy-h-lm-c- s]-≥U-≥kn- tam-Wn- -dnw-Kv- kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ,- s]-‰o-j-≥kv- am-t\-Pv-sa-‚ v- kn-Ãw,- I-ºyq-´¿- s\-‰v-h¿-°n-ßv- \-ho-I-c-Ww,- Hm-¨-sse-≥]-co-£m- kw-hn-[m-\w,- Xp-f-kn,- C-˛- dn-kƒ-´v- t]m-˛-tkm-^v-‰v-sh-b-dp-Iƒ,- H-]v-‰n-°¬- ss^-_¿- kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-eq-sS- s\-‰v-h¿-°n-ßv- \-ho-I-c-Ww- F-∂n-h- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- ]-co-£-Iƒ-°pw- A-\p-_-‘- tPm-en-Iƒ-°pw- th-K-X- \¬-In.- Im-k-d-tKm-Uv Pn√m Hmô-kns\ kºq¿Æ Hmt´m-ta-j≥ Hmô-km°n Db¿Øn.

Poh-\-°m¿°v ]cn-io-e\w]n.- F-kv. kn.bpsS Ncn-X-Øn-em-Zy-ambn kz¥w

Poh-\-°m¿°v kºq¿Æ ]cn-io-e\ ]≤Xn G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. Akn-Ã‚ v apX¬ AUo-j-W¬ skI-´-dn- hsc-bp-≈-h¿°v hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ ]cn-io-e-\-¢m- p-Iƒ\¬In tamń-th‰v sNbvXXv IΩo-js‚ ka-K-amb]ptcm-K-Xn°v Imc-W-am-bn.

t£a ]≤-Xn-IƒF√m ]n.- F-kv. kn. AwK-ßƒ°pw HutZym-KnI

hml-\-Øn¬ ^vfmKv, _o°¨ emºv Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈kuI-cy-ßƒ t]mt´m-t°mƒ ]Imcw e`y-am-°n. ]n.-

F-kv. kn. AwK-ßƒ°v kzX¥ Npa-X-e-Iƒ \¬InA[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cWw \S-∏n-em-°n.

]n.-F-kv. kn. _p≈-‰n≥]n.- F-kv. kn. _p≈-‰n\ns‚ k¿°p-te-j≥ h¿≤n-

∏n-®p. tKmƒU≥ Pq_nen ]tXyI ]Xn∏v, hP-Pq-_n-en ]-tXy-I ]-Xn∏v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. sI. ]n.- F-kv. kn.am\p-h-ens‚ aq∂mw ]Xn-∏v, sdmt´-j≥, Xpfkntkm^v‰vshb¿ F∂n-h-bv°mbn ssI∏p-kvX-I-ßƒ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.

Ahm¿Uv2015 ˛se kn. Fkv. sF. ˛ tKmƒU≥ Pq_nen

C˛ Kth¿W≥kv Ahm¿Uv Ic-ÿ-am-°n.

\n¿ΩmW ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-j≥ Bÿm-\sØ apJy-

I-hmSw ]p\cp-≤-cn-®p. At\z-jW hn`m-K-Øn\v apI-fn¬ H‰-Ø-hW shcn-^n-t°-j≥ tIµw ÿm]n-®p.IΩo-j≥ lmƒ, KXm-KX kwhn-[m\w F∂nh ]cn-jvI-cn®p. Poh-\-°m¿-°v B-tcm-Ky-I-cam-b ]-cn-X-ÿn-Xnbn¬tPm-en-sN-øp-∂-Xn\pw I-ºyq-´-dp-Iƒ i-cn-bm-b-co-Xnbn¬hn-\y-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-am-bn \q-X-\ h¿-Iv-kv-t‰-j-\p-Iƒ ÿm-]n®p. Bÿm-\ Hmô-kv h-f-∏v kmaq-ly h-\-h¬-°-c-W-Øn-eqsS l-cn-Xm-`hpw ]-cn-ÿn-Xn ku-lr-Z-hp-am°n.Fd-Wm-Ipfw taJ-em-tI-µ-Øn\v ]q¿Æ-ambn ioXo-I-cn® ]pXnb Hmôkpw ]me-°mSv, Imk-¿-tKm-Uv F-∂oPn√m B-ô-kp-Iƒ°vv kz-¥-am-bn- `q-an-bpw- e-`y-am-°n.-

-]-c-º-cm-K-X- ]-co-£m-co-Xn-°v- th-≠n- h-cp-∂- A-[n-I- A-[n-I-sN-e-hv,- A-an-Xm-[zm-\w,- Im-e-Xm-a-kw- F-∂o-L-S-I-ß-fpw- tNm-Zy-°-S-em-kp-I-fp-sS- \n¿-Ωm-Ww,- A-®-Sn,- ap-Z-Wm-e-b-Øn¬- \n-∂p-≈- F-Øn-®v-X-c¬,- hn-X-c-Ww,-]-co-£m-tI-µ-ßƒ- k-÷-am-°¬,- D-tZym-K-ÿ-hn-\ym-kw,-]-co-£m-\-S-Øn-∏v,- D-Ø-c-°-S-em-kn-s‚- Xn-cn-sI- G-ev-∏n-°¬,- aq-ey-\n¿-Æ-bw......- F-∂o- L-´-ß-fpw- Hm-¨-sse-≥

]-co-£m-co-Xn-bn¬- B-h-iy-an-s√-∂-Xv- i-t≤-b-am-Wv.-tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-≥ i-cm-i-cn- 600 ]-

co-£-I-fm-Wv- ]-Xn-h¿-jw- \-S-Øm-dp-≈-Xv.- C-h-bn¬-Ø-s∂- 400 F-Æ-tØm-fw- 1000˛-1500 D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂- F-≥.-kn.-F- hn-⁄m-]-\- ]-Im-c-ap-≈-h-bpw-km-t¶-Xn-I- tbm-Ky-X-Iƒ- th-≠- X-kv-Xn-I-Iƒ-°p-≈- ]-co-£-I-fp-am-Wv.- C-h-sb-√mw- Hm-¨-sse-≥ co-Xn-bn-te-°p-am-‰p-tºmƒ- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- Ir-Xy-X-bpw- kp-Xm-cy-X-bpw- ]-th-K-hpw- ssI-h-cpw.-

k¿-∆-k-÷-am-b- Hm- -sse-≥ ]-co-£-tI-µ-ß-fn¬- cm-∏-I¬- ]-co-£m-\-S-Øn-∏v- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠p-≈-tNm-Zy-_m-¶n-s‚- \n¿-Ωn-Xn- \-S-∂p- h-cn-I-bm-Wv.- C-Xp- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sS- Xp-f-kn- tkm-^v-‰v-sh-b¿- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-≈- h-¨-ssSw- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-≥/-h-¨-ssSw sh-cn-^n-t°-j≥/Hm¨-sse≥ ]-co-£/ C˛dn-kƒ-´v t]m/ C˛th-°≥-kn dn-t∏m¿-ńw-Kv F∂n-h G-tIm-]n-∏n-®v C-\nbpwK-Xn-th-Kw h¿-≤n-∏n-°mw.

k¿°m-cn-s‚ kv-am¿-´v ¢m- p-Ifn¬ ]Tn-®n-dßp-∂ m-hn-X-eap-dbnse D-tZymKm¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v D-X-Ipw-hn-[w tI-c-f ]-ªn-Iv k¿-∆o-kv I-Ωn-j≥ Hm¨ sse≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µ-ßƒ ÿm-]n-®v Zo¿-L-ho-£-W-tØm-sS ap-t∂-dp-I-bm-Wv. \n-e-hn-se ]-c-º-cm-K-X ]-co-£mco-Xn Im-en-I-am-bn ]-cn-jv-I-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sS Iq-Sp-X¬ D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ]-s¶-Sp°p-∂ ]-co-£-Ifpw Hm¨-sse≥ B°m-\p≈ap-s∂m-cp-°-Øn-em-Wv. Hm¨-sse≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µ-ß-fpsS Im-te-Iq-ń-bp-≈ \n¿-Ωm-Ww C-Xn-\v B-°w Iq-´p-sa-∂v ]-Xym-in-°p∂p.

2013˛14 ¬ H-‰Ø-h-W tI-µ-k-lm-b-am-bn 5 tIm-SnbpwI-ºyq-´¿-h¬-°c-W-Øn-\v c--≠c tIm-Snbpw Iq-Sm-sX ap≥-h¿-j-sØ _-P-‰n¬ 10 tIm-Sn A-\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw Cuh¿j-sØ _-P‰n¬ ]-kvXp-X Xp-I h-I-bn-cp-Øp-IbpwsN-bv-X tIµ, kwÿm-\ k¿-°m-cpI-tfm-Sp≈ I-S-∏m-SvC-Ø-cp-WØn¬ kv-a-cn-°p∂p.

Ahew-_n-X ÿn-Xn-hn-h-c-°-W-°p-Iƒ ]-ń-Im-cq-]-Øn¬ D-≈S-°w sN-øp∂p.

]tXy-I-X-Iƒh¿j-ß-tfmfw kq£n-®phbv°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Xc-Øn¬ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ ISem-kn¬ G‰hpw B[p-\nI kwhn-[m-\-Ønep≈ A®Sn.]nFkvkn kw_-‘-amb kmt¶-XnI \S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-fmb s]mss^¬ Intb-j≥, k¿ń- n-°‰v A]vtemUn-Mv, h¨ ssSw shcn- n-t°-j≥, Hm¨sse≥ ]co£ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn°p∂ B[n-Im-cnI teJ-\-ßƒ.cPX Pq_nen ]Xn-∏n¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb D≈-S-°hpw Ah-X-c-W-ssi-en-bpw. tIc-fsØ kw_-‘n® ASn-ÿm\ hkvXp-X-Iƒ,tIc-f-Ønse Pn√-Iƒ, tIcf \thm-∞m-\ \mb-I¿, tIc-f-Ønse tZiob ]ÿm-\w, kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-c-W-]-ÿm-\-ßƒ, ]t£m-

-ßƒ, `q]-cn-jvI-c-Ww, hnZym- ym-k-taJe, kmln-Xy-cwKw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v Bg-Øn-ep≈ A]-K-Y-\w.A\m-bmkw ]Tn-°m\pw Hm¿Øn-cn-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn BZy-tØ-Xv, A]-c-\m-a-ßƒ, kq∏¿te-‰o-hp-Iƒ, Ipg-∏n-°p∂ hkvXp-X-Iƒ, A]q¿h hkvXp-X-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[ io¿j-I-ßfn¬ tIc-fsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ hkvXp-X-I-fpsS thdn´ Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn.ap∂q-dn-e-[nIw ]nFkvkn tNmZy-t]-∏-dp-I-fn¬\n∂p≈ tIcf \thm-∞m-\w kw_-‘n®Ign™ A©p-h-¿jsØ 600 tNmZy-ßƒ. CXp-t]m-semcp tiJcwaebmfØn¬ BZyw.s]mXp-hn-⁄m\ \ne-hmcw kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v 100 tNmZy-ßƒ hoX-ap≈ aq∂v sk‰v ]cn-io-e\ tNmZy-t]-∏-dp-Iƒ. Ch Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xvap≥]-co-£m-tNm-Zy-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bm-Wv.temIw, C¥y, tIcfw F∂nh kw_-‘-ambn 1900 apX¬ 2015 hsc-bp≈h¿j-ßƒ DØ-c-ambn hcp∂ Bbn-c-tØmfw tNmZy-ßƒ. h¿j-ßƒ IrXy-ambn Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Xc-Øn¬ hkvXp-X-Isf ]c-kv]cw _‘n-∏n®v ]Tn-°m≥ klm-b-Iw.a’-c-∏-co-£-I-fn¬ dm¶v \n¿W-bn-°p∂ kp]-[m\ taJ-e-bmb tIcf \thm-∞m\w Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°m\pw tZiob ]ÿm\w kw_-‘-ambn Bh¿Øn-°p∂ ][m\ tNmZy-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw AXp-hgn anI® ]I-S\w ]co-£-I-fn¬ ImgvN hbv°m\pw hmb-\-°msc ]m]vX-cm-°p∂ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚tIm∏n-Iƒ ]cn-an-X-amWv F∂-Xn¬ ASp-Øp≈ _p≈-‰n≥ GP≥kn-bn¬\nt∂m]nFkvkn Hmô-kn-¬\nt∂m hnti-jm¬ ]Xn∏v FXbpw thKw hmßp-I.C\n- ]kn-≤o-I-cn-t®-°m-hp∂ hnti-jm¬ ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ°v ]qc-I-am-bn-cn°pw 15000-˛¬ A[nIw hkvXp-X-Iƒ AS-ßnb Cu ]pkvXIw F∂-Xn-\m¬ CXv kz¥-am°n\nßfpsS hn⁄m-\-ti-Jcw ka-K-am-°m≥ i≤n-°p-I.

]nFkvkn hP Pq_nen ]Xn∏vP\-]n-b-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p......

_p≈-‰n≥

cPX Pq_nen

hnti-jm¬

]Xn-∏n-s\-t∏mse

]nFkvkn

hP Pq_nen ]Xn∏pw

hmb-\-°m-cpsS

CjvS ]pkvX-I-ambn

amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

hne 150 cq].]nFkvkn

Hmô-kp-I-fnepw]apJ

_p°v Ãmfp-I-fnepwhnti-jm¬ ]Xn∏v

e`y-am-Wv.

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 5

kwi-b-ßƒ°v adp-]Sn

t\m¨ Ioao-se-b¿ k¿ń^n°‰v

tIµ k¿°m¿ k¿hoknepw kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ k¿∆o-knepw a‰v]n∂m° hn`m-K-°m¿°mbn A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p∂ kwh-cWw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n lmP-cm-t°≠ km£y-]-X-amWv t\mÏo-ao-se-b¿ k¿ń^n-°-‰v.DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n Dƒs∏-Sp∂ PmXn ]n∂m° hn`m-K-Øn-em-sW∂pw Abmƒ Ioan-se-b¿ hn`m-K-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂n-s√-∂p-amWv Cu km£-y-]-X-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv.

aWvU¬ tIkv F∂v ]cs° Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Indra SawhneyVs. Union of India & others (AIR 1993 SC 477) F∂ tIknse _lp.kp]o-tIm-SXn hn[nsb XpS¿∂mWv ]n∂m-°-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS kwh-c-W-Øn\v Ioan-se-b¿ hy-h-ÿ-h-cn-Ibpw ]n∂m° hn`m-K-ß-fnse Ioan-se-b-dns\ XcwXncn-°m≥ hy-‡-amb am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ cq]w sIm≈p-Ibpw sNbvXXv. t\m¨ Ioan seb¿ k¿ń- n-°‰v \¬Ip∂Xn\vdh\yq hIp-∏n¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ hyh-ÿ-I-sf-°p-dn®v Cu e°-Øn¬hni-Z-ambn a\- n-em-°mw.

s]mXp \n¿t±-ißƒ1. DtZym-Km¿-∞n-bp-sS- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-sf-

kw-_-‘n-®- am-\-Z-Wv-U-ßƒ- am-X-ta-k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- \¬-Im-≥ hn-e-bn-cp-Øm-≥ ]m-Sp-≈p.-

2.- -D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-bp-sS- h-cp-am-\w,- ]-Z-hn,-`m-cy-/- ¿-Øm-hn-s‚- h-cp-am-\w,- Ip-Spw-_-h-cp-am-\w,- k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fp-sS- h-cp-am-\w-Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sbm-∂pw- bm-sXm-cp- Im-c-W-h-im-epw- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-≥ ]m-Sn-√.-

3.- -kw-h-c-Wm¿-∞n-bp-sS- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-k¿-°m¿- D-tZym-K-ÿ-cm-sW-¶n¬- A-h¿- k¿-∆o-kn¬- t\-cn-´v- ]-th-in-®- ]-Z-hn-sb-bm-Wv- (dn-´-b¿- B-bm-epw-)- ]-cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv.- A-h-cp-sS- k¿-∆o-kn¬-]-th-in-®- Im-e-sØ- h-cp-am-\-tam,- \n-e-hn-se- h-cp-am-\-tam- \n-e-hn-se- ]-Z-hn-tbm- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-≥ ]m-Sn-√.- B-b-Xp-sIm-≠p- X-s∂- A-h-cp-sS- \n-e-hn-se- i-º-f- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂- co-Xn- i-cn-b-√.-

4.- -am-Xm-]n-°ƒ- k¿-°m¿- k¿-∆o-kn¬- ]-th-in-®-Xv- ¢m-kv- 1/-¢m-kv- 2 Hm-ô-k-dm-bn- t\-cn-´v- A-s√-¶n¬- A-h-cp-sS- a-°ƒ- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿l-cm-Wv.(Classification of state governmentemployees G.O.(MS) 95/09/SCSTDDdated 10-11-99)

5. ¢m-kv- 3 h-gn- ]-th-in-®m¬- ]-tam-j-≥ h-gn- ¢m-kv- 1/-¢m-kv- 2 B-bm-epw- A-h-cp-sS-a-°ƒ- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-cm-Wv.-

6. kwh-cm-Wm¿-∞n-bp-sS- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-Ir-jn-°m¿- B-sW-¶n¬- `q-an-bn¬- \n-∂p-≈- h-cp-am-\-a-√,- `q-]-cn-[n- \n-b-a-]-Im-c-ap-≈- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bm-Wv- am-\-Z-Wv-U-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv.- A-h¿-°v- kz-¥-am-bn- 5 sl-Iv-S-tdm- A-Xn¬- Iq-Sp-X-tem- `q-an-bp-s≠-¶n¬- kw-h-c-Wm¿-∞n-°v- t\m-¨- Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v-e-`n-°p-I-bn-√.-

7.- -k¿-°m¿- D-tZym-K-ÿ¿,- Ir-jn-°m¿,- q-hp-S-a-Iƒ,- kz-Im-cy- -s]m-Xp-ta-J-e- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-se- X-Øp-ey- D-tZym-K-ÿ¿,- ]-Xn-tcm-[-ta-J-e-bn-se- D-tZym-K-ÿ¿- F-∂n-h-scm-gn-®p-≈- B-fp-I-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-em-Wv- h-cp-am-\w- am-\-Z-Wv-U-am-t°-≠-Xv.- _n-kn-\-kv,- hy-h-km-bw,- s]m-^-j-W-ep-Iƒ,- \-K-c-]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se- h-kv-Xp-hpw- sI- n-S-hpw- h-gn- h-cp-am-\-ap-≈-h¿-Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-em-Wv- hm¿-jn-I- h-cp-am-\w- I-W-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xv.-A-ß-s\-bp-≈- h-cp-am-\w- Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn-3 h¿-jw- D-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂pw- hy-h-ÿ-b-p-≠v.DZm: amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS- i-º-f-h-cp-am-\w- 6 e-£-Øn¬- Iq-Sp-X¬,- A-h-cp-sS-Im¿-jn-I- h-cp-am-\w- 6 e-£-Øn¬- Iq-Sp-X¬,- a-‰v- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- h-cp-am-\w- 6e-£-Øn¬- Ip-d-hv,- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈-h-cp-sS- a-°ƒ-°v- t\m- - Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- e-`n-°pw.-

8.- -s]m-Xp-ta-J-em- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-epw- _m-¶p-I-fn-epw- C-≥jz-d-≥kv- I-º-\n-I-fn-epw-bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-I-fn-epw- Iq-Sm-sX- kz-Im-cy-ta-J-e-bn-se- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-se- tPm-en-°m-cp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-epw- X-Øp-ey-am-b- k¿-°m¿- Po-h-\-°m¿-°p-≈- am-\-Z-Wv-U-ßƒ- _m-[-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.-

9.- -PÃn-kv- cm-tP-µ-_m-_p.- I-Ωn-j-≥ dn-t∏m¿-´v- ]-Im-cw- X-øm-dm-°n-b- a-‰v- ]n-

∂m-°- hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS- en-Ãm-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn-e- t\m- -Io-an-se-b-dn-\v- am-\-Z-Wv-U-am-t°-≠-Xv.- ]-kv-Xp-X- en-Ãn¬- A-\p-_-‘w- _n-bn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂- (]-c-º-cm-K-X- sXm-gn¬- sN-øp-∂-)- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A-\p-_-‘w- kn-bn¬-Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂- (a-’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-)- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-sf-bpw- Io-an-se-b-dn¬-\n-∂pw- ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw- H-gn-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- (Pn.-H.- (]n-)- \w.-81/-09/-F-kv.-kn.- F-kv.-‰n.-Un.-Un.,- Xo-b-Xn- 26˛-10˛-2009)- tI-c-f- tÃ-‰v- t\m-¨- Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- \¬-Ip-∂-Xn-te-°m-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂v- k¿-°p-e¿- \w.- 27396/-F- v-3/-07/-F-kv.-kn.- F-kv.-‰n.-Un.-Un.- Xo-b-Xn- 14˛-06˛-2010 ¬- ]-Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.-

10.- -]n-∂m-°- hn-`m-K-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-∂- \n-c-£-c-cm-b- (\m-emw- ¢m-kv- ]m- m-Im-Ø-)- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS- a-°-sf-sb-√mw- t\m-¨- Io-an-se-b¿- B-bn-´m-Wv-]-cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv.-

11.- -t\m-¨- Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰n-\p-≈- A-t]-£-bn¬- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- \¬-Im-hp-∂-Xm-sW-¶n-epw- A-s√-¶n-epw- 7Zn-h-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬- Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øn-cn-°-Ww.-

12.- -tI-µ- k¿-°m¿- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-se- D-tZy-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v- X-l-ko¬-Zm¿- \¬-Ip-

∂- t\m-¨-Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ-°v- tI-µ- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®n- p-≈- ]n-∂m-°- en-Ãm-Wv- am-\-Z-Wv-U-am-t°-≠-Xv (9784/F3/2010/SCSTDDdated 18-05-2010)

13. tIµ- D-tZym-K-Øn-\pw- hn-Zym-`ym-k-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-se- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\pw- Io-an-se-b¿- hy-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- am-\-Z-Wv-Uw.-tI-c-f-Øn¬- D-tZym-K-Øn-\v- am-X-am-Wv-Io-an-se-b¿- hy-h-ÿ.- hn-Zym- ym-k- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- h-cp-am-\-am-Wv- am-\-Z-Wv-Uw.-

14.- -Pn.-H.-(]n-)- \w.- 81/09/SCSTDD -Xob-Xn-26˛-09˛-2009 F-∂- D-Ø-c-hm-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn¬- Io-an-se-b¿- hn- m-K-ß-sf- X-cw-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- kw-_-‘n-®v- \n-e-hn-ep-≈-Xv.-

15.- -s]m -^-j-W¬- tIm-g v -kp -I-fn -te-bv°p≈ AUvan-j\v Fkv.-kn.-_n.-kn.hn`m-K-ßƒ-°pw- H.-C.-kn.- hn-`m-K-ßƒ-°pw,- an-i-hn-hm-ln-X-cp-sS- a-°ƒ-°pw-t\m-¨-Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- \¬-tI-≠-Xm-Wv.- (Pn.-H.-(]n-)- \w.- 1/-15/-_n.-kn.-Un.-Un.- Xo-b-Xn- 01˛-01˛-2015).- Cu-B-h-iy-Øn-\v- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- \¬-Im-≥hn-t√-Pv- Hm-ô-k¿- ap-X¬- ap-I-fn-tem-´v-d-h-\yq- D-tZym-K-ÿ¿-°v- A-[n-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.- (k.-D.-(]n-)- \w.-3/-2015/-]n.-k-hn-h- Xo-b-Xn- 23˛-01˛-2015)-

16.- -t\m-¨- Io-an-se-b¿- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- \¬-

Ip-∂- Xo-b-Xn- ap-X¬- H-cp- h¿-j-tØ-bv-°m-Wv- k¿- n- n-°-‰n-\v- ]m-_-ey-ap-≠m-hp-I.- G-sX-¶n-epw- tIm-gv-kp-Iƒ-°v- tN-cp-∂-h¿-°v- ]-kv-Xp-X- tIm-gv-kv- I-gn-bp-∂-h-Xp-h-sc- k¿- n- n-°-‰n-\v- ]m-_-ey-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.- (k.-D.- (ssI-)- \w.-81/-2008/-]-P.-]-h.-hn.-h.- Xo-b-Xn- 25 -07 -2008)- H.-_n.-kn.- ]-Z-hn- kw-_-‘n-®pw,- Io-an-se-b¿- hn-`m-K-Øn¬-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-cp-am-b- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v- B-h-iy-ap-≈-k¿- n- n-°-‰v- \¬-Ip-∂-Xn-\v- Np-a-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-h¿- (Pn.-H.-(]n-)- \w.-81/09/SCSTDD Xo-b-Xn- 26˛-09˛-2009)-(a) - Un-kv-Sn-Iv-Sv- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰v-/-A-Uo-j-W¬- Un-kv-Sn-Iv-Sv- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰v-/-sU-]yq-ń- I-Ωo-j-W¿-/-I-f-Iv-S¿-/-sU-]yq-ń- I-f-Iv-S¿-/- -Ãv- ¢m-kv- ssÃ- -‚-dn- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰v-/-k-_v- Un-hn-j-W¬- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰v-/-Xm-eq-°v- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰v-/-F-Iv-kn-Iyp- o-hv- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰v-/-F-Iv-kv-Sm- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- a-Pn-kv-td-‰-‰-v.(b) No^v ]kn-U≥kn aPn-kvtd‰v/AUo-j-W¬ No^v aPn-kvtS‰v/]kn-U≥kn aPn-kvtS‰v(c) Xl-ko¬Zm-cn¬ Ipd-bmØ ]Z-hn-bp≈ dh-\yq DtZ-ym-K-ÿ≥.(d) km[m-c-W-bmbn DtZ-ym-Km¿∞nbpwIpSpw-_hpw Xma-kn-°p∂ ÿesØk_v Unhn-j-W¬ Hmô-k¿.

Ioan-se-b¿ hn`m-K-ßsfIs≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈

am\-Z-WvU-ßƒNphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ hn`m-K-ß-fn¬Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-h-sc-sb√mw t\m¨ Ioan-se-b¿ hn`m-K-ßfm-bn-´mWv ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv. (Pn. -H. (]n) \w.81/09/SCSTDD XobXn 26˛09˛2009) Annex-ure B, Annexure C

Annexure B 1. Blacksmith, 2. mason,3. Carpenter, 4. Goldsmith, 5. Potterymaker, 6. Cobbler, 7. Copper & BronzeSmith, 8. Kudumbi

Annexure C 1. Arayan, 2. Aravathi,3. Mukkuvan, 4. Mukkaya, 5.Mogaveera, 6. Valan, 7. Bovis, 8.Valinjiar, 9. Paniakel, 10. Nulayan, 11.Latin Catholic Mukkuva, 12. LatinCatholic Anjutikar, 13. District Sectionsof Muslim Community who are tradi-tionally engaed in fishing operations, ascertified by the competent authority.

a‰p-≈-h¿kwh-c-Wm¿∞n-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS hni-Zmw-i-ß-fmWv ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv. Bdv hn`m-K-ß-fm-bn-´mWv am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv (Pn.-H.( -]n) \w.81/09/SCSTDD XobXn26˛09˛2009)

H∂mw hn`mKw ˛-c-W-L-S\m XkvXn-I-Iƒ

C¥-y≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v,- ssh-kv- ]-kn-U-‚ v,- kp-]o-tIm-S-Xn-bn-te-bpw- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-te-bpw- P-Uv-Pn- am¿,- bq-Wn-b-≥ ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-s‚-bpw- sN-b¿-am-≥am¿-/-sa-º¿-am¿-/-C-e-£-≥ I-Ωo-j-W¿-am¿-/-Iw-]v-tSm-f¿- &- Hm-Un-‰¿- P-\-d¬- Hm-^v- C-¥y,- K-h¿-Æ¿-am¿,- ta¬-

6 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

kq-Nn-∏n-®-Xpw- Xp-ey-\n-e-bn-ep-≈-f-Xp-am-b- `-c-W-L-S-\m- ]-Z-hn-Iƒ- h-ln-°p-∂-Xp-am-b- hy-‡n-I-fp-sS- a-°ƒ- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-c-√.

c≠mw hn`mKw- tk-h\ hn`m-Kw(k¿°m¿ DtZ-ym-K-ÿ¿)

Kq∏v- F- C-≥Uym- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- k¿-∆o-kn-se-bpw- kw-ÿm-\- k¿-∆o-kn-se-bpw- t\-cn-´v- \n-b-a\w e`n® ¢mkv 1 Hmô-k¿am¿1. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ k¿∆o-kn¬ ]th-in-

®Xv t\cn´v ¢mkv 1 Hmô-k¿ Bbn-ń-s√-¶n¬ a°ƒ kwh-c-W-Øn\v A¿l-cm-Wv.

2. ANvO\pw- A-Ω-bpw- ¢m-kv- 1 Hm-ô-k¿-am¿- B-sW-¶n¬- A-h-cp-sS- a-°ƒ-kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-c-√.- F-∂m¬-k¿-∆o-kn¬- C-cn-s°- A-h¿- c-≠p-t]-cpw- a-c-W-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- Aw-K-ssh-I-eyw-kw- -hn-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xm¬- A-h-cp-sS-a-°ƒ-°v- kw-h-c-Ww- e- n-°pw.- A-]-Im-cwkw- -hn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ap-≥]v- A-h-cn-sem-cmƒ- bp.-F-≥,- sF.-Fw.-F-^v,- thƒ-Uv-_m-¶v- F-∂o- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬- A-©v-h¿-j-Øn¬- Ip-d-bm-Ø- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®m¬- A-h-cp-sS- a-°ƒ-°v- kw-h-c-Ww-e- n-°p-I-bn-√.- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬- H-cmƒ-am-Xw- a-c-W-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- Aw-K-ssh-I-eyw- kw-`-hn-°p-I-tbm- sN-b-Xm¬- a-°ƒ-°v- kw-h-c-Ww- e-`n-°p-I-bn-√.-

3. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬- H-cmƒ- am-Xw- ¢m-kv-1 Hm-ô-k¿- B-bn-cp-∂m-epw- A-h-cp-sS-a-°ƒ- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-c-√.- F-∂m¬- k¿-∆o-kn¬- C-cn-s°- B- hy-‡n-a-c-W-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- Aw-K-ssh-I-eyw- kw--hn-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xm¬- a-°ƒ-°v- kw-

h-c-Ww- e- n-°pw.- F-∂m¬- A-]-Im-cwkw--hn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºv- B- hy-‡n- bp.-F-

≥,- sF.-Fw.-F- v,- thƒ-Uv- _m-¶v- F-∂o-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬- A-©v- h¿-j-Øn¬- Ip-d-bm-sX- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®m¬- A-h-cp-sS-a-°ƒ-°v- kw-h-c-Ww- e- n-°p-I-b-n-√.

Kq∏v _n C≥Uym Kh¨sa‚ vk¿∆o-kn-sebpw kwÿm\ k¿∆o-kn-sebpw t\cn´v \na\w e`n® ¢m v 2Hmô-k¿am¿

1. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ k¿∆okn¬ ]th-in-®Xv t\cn´v ¢m v 2 Hmô-k¿ Bbn-´-s√-¶n¬ a°ƒ kwh-c-W-Øn\v A¿l-cm-Wv.

2. am]n-Xm-°ƒ c≠p-t]cpw ¢m v 2Hmô-k¿am-cm-bn-cp-∂m¬- A-h-cp-sS- a-°ƒ- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-c-√.- F-∂m¬- k¿-∆o-kn¬- C-cn-s°- A-h-cn-sem-cmƒ- a-cn-°-Ip-tbm- ÿn-c-am-bn- Aw-K-ssh-I-eyw- kw-`-hn-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-´p-s≠-¶n¬- a-°ƒ- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-cm-Wv.- A-]-Im-cwkw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ap-≥]v- A-h-cn-sem-cmƒ- bp.-F-≥,- sF.-Fw.-F-^v,- thƒ-Uv- _m-¶v- F-∂o- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬- A-©v- h¿-j-Øn-e- Ip-d-bm-sX- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®m¬- A-h-cp-sS-a°ƒ°v kwh-cWw e`n-°p-I-bn-√.

3. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ c≠p-t]cpw ¢mkv 2Hmô-k¿am-cm-bn-cn-°m¬ Ah-csSa°ƒ kwh-c-W-Øn\v A¿-l-c-√.F∂m¬ k¿∆o-kn¬ Ccns° Ah-¿c≠p-t]cpw acn-°p-Itbm As√-¶n¬ÿnc-ambn AwK-ssh-I-eyw kw -hn-°p-Itbm sNb-Xm¬ a°ƒ kwh-c-W-Øn\v A¿l-cm-Wv. Ah-cn-sem-cmƒbp.-F≥., sF.-Fw.-F- v, thƒUv _m¶vF∂o ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ A©v h¿j-Øn¬ Ipd-bmsX tkh-\-ap-\-jvTn-®n-cp-∂-h-cm-bmepw Ah-cpsS a°ƒ°vkwh-cWw e`n-°pw.

4. ]nXmhv amXw ¢mkv 2 Hmô-k¿Bbn-cn-°p-Ibpw 35 hb- n\v apºv¢mkv 1 Hmô-k¿ Bhp-Ibpw sNbvXn-

´p-s≠-¶n¬ a°ƒ kwh-c-WØn\vA¿l-c-√.

5. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬ Hcmƒ t\cn´v ¢mkv1 Hmô-k-dmbn \nb-a\w e`n® BtfmAs√-¶n¬ 35 hb- n\v aptºm ¢mkv1 Hmô-k-dmbn ÿm\-°-b‰w e`n®Btfm Bbn-cn-°p-Ibpw at‰bmƒ¢mkv 2 Hmô-k¿ Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒacn-°p-Itbm As√-¶n¬ ÿnc-abAwK-ssh-I-eyw h∂-bmtfm BsW-¶nepw Ah-cpsS a°ƒ°v kwh-cWwe`n-°p-I-bn-√.Ipdn-∏v: ÿnc-am-b- Aw-K-ssh-I-eyw- F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- D-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv- H-cp- D-tZym-K-ÿ-s\- k¿-∆o-kn¬- \n-∂pw- \o-°w-sN-tø-≠-Xm-b- im-co-cn-I- ssh-I-eyw- F-∂¿-∞-am-°p-∂p.- k¿-ho-kv- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b-Xn-\p- ti-j-am-Wv- a-c-W-tam- Aw-K-ssh-I-ey-tam- D-≠m-Ip-∂-sX-¶n¬- B-b-Xn-s‚- C-f-hv- a-°ƒ-°v- e- n-°p-I-bn-√.

Kq∏v kn s]mXp-ta-Je ÿm]-\-ß-fnse DtZ-ym-K-ÿ¿

s]mXp -ta -Jem ÿm]-\-ßƒ,_m¶p-Iƒ, C≥j-z-d≥kv Iº-\n-Iƒ,bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-Iƒ, kz-Im-cy ÿm]-\ -ßƒ F∂n -hn -Sßfn¬ tPment\m°p∂ DtZ-ym-K-ÿ-cpsS Imc-y-Øn¬ c≠mw hn`m-K-Ønse F.-_n.D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ_m[-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.Ipdn-∏v: k¿°m-cn-Xc ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬tPmen sNøp∂ B-fp-I-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- X-Øp-ey- k¿-°m¿- D-tZym-K-ÿ-cp-sS- Ãm-‰-kv- I-W-°m-°m-≥ I-gn-bm-sX- h-∂m¬- A-h-sc- h-cp-am-\w-/-[-\-ÿn-Xn- I-W-°m-°p-∂- B-dmw- hn- m-K-Øn¬-

Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-Im¿-jn-I- h-cp-am-\w- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-≥ ]m-Sn-√.- Cu- hn- m-K-Øn¬-s∏- -h-cp-sS- i-º-f- h-cp-am-\-hpw,- a-‰v- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- h-cp-am-\-hpw- ]-c-kv-]-cw- Iq- m-\pw- ]m-Sn-√.- C-h-bn¬- G-sX-¶n-epw- H-∂p- am-X-ta- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-≥ ]m-Sp-≈-p. (27396/F v3/07/SCSTDD Xob-Xn- 14 -06 -2010)-

aq∂mw hn`mKw˛]m-c-an-en-‰dnDƒs∏-sS-bp≈

kmbp-[-tk-\m-hn-`mKw(C-h-bn¬ knhn¬hn-`m-K-Øn¬s∏-

Sp-∂-h¿ Hgn-®v)amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ- c-≠p-t]-cp-tam- H-cm-tfm-B¿-an-bn¬- tI-W-tem,- t\-hn,- F-b¿-t^m-gv-kv,- ]m-cm-an-en-´-dn- hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬-X-Øp-ey- dm-t¶m- A-Xn-\p-ap-I-fn-tem- D-≈- D-tZym-K-ÿ-cm-sW-¶n¬- A-h-cp-sS-a-°ƒ- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-c-√.-

]n-Xm-hv- tI-W-tem- A-Xn-\p- ap-I-fn¬- dm-¶p-≈- B-tfm,- am-Xm-hv- A-Xn-\v-Xm-gv-∂- dm-¶p-≈- an-en-´-dn- D-tZym-K-ÿ-bp-am-bn-cp-∂m¬- `m-cy- tI-W-en-s‚- dm-¶n¬- F-Øp-∂-Xp-h-sc- a-°ƒ-°v- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v-A¿-l-X-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-

]-Xn-tcm-[- tk-h-\-bn¬-s∏- - Hm- o-k-dp-sS- `m-cy- k¿-∆o-kv- ¢m-kv- c-≠mw-hn-`m-K-Øn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬-A-h-cp-sS- a-°ƒ-°v- kw-h-c-Ww- e- n-°p-I-bn-√.-

\memw hn`mKw˛s]m- -j-W¬ hn`m-K-Ønepw

(sXm-gn¬ taJe-bn-epw)hmWn-P-y-Øn-epw

hy-h-km-b-ØnepwDƒs∏Sp-∂-h-cp-am-b-h-cpsS

hn`mKwF) s]m^-j-W¬ hn`mKw

(k¿°m¿ taJ-e-bnepw XØp-ey taJ-e-I-fnepw tPmen sNøp∂ s]m^-j-W-ep-Iƒ Hgn-sI. Ahsc c≠mw hn`m-

K -Øn -emWv Dƒs∏-SptØ-≠-Xv)tUmIvS¿, h°o¬, Nm¿tÚv A°u-≠‚ v/C≥Iw-SmIvkv I¨k¬´‚ v,ss^\m≥j-y¬ As√¶n¬ amt\-Pvsa‚ v I¨k¬ -‚ v, khn¬ k¿P≥,F©n-\o-b¿, B¿°n-sS-IvSv, Iº-yq-´¿kvs]j-y-en-Ãv, kn\na B¿ń-Ãp-Iƒ,kn\na s]m^-j-W-ep-Iƒ, Fgp-Øp-Im¿, kvt]m¿-´v-kv- Xm-c-ßƒ,- hm¿-Øm-

06˛10˛2009 se Pn.-H. (F.-F-kv) \w.430/2009/^n≥ ]Imcw Ioan-se-b¿k¿ń- n-°-‰n-\mbn 8 mw iºf-°-Ωo-js‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ 01˛07˛2004]m_-e-y-Øn¬ k¿°m¿ Poh-\-°msc NphsS tN¿°pw ]Imcw h¿§o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Kq∏v F Kq∏v _n Kq∏v kn Kq∏v Un

16650- 23200 10790- 18000 4630˛7000 4750˛7820 4510˛623020700˛26600 11070˛18450 5250˛8390 5650˛879023200˛31150 11910˛19350 6080˛9830 6680˛1079025400˛33100 12250˛19800 7480˛11910 7990˛1293026600˛33750 12930˛20250 8390˛13270 8790˛13610

13610˛20700 9190˛15510 9590˛16650

hn-X-c-W- cw-K-sØ- s^m- -j-W-ep-Iƒ,-Po-h-\-°m¿- Iq-Sm-sX- A-Xp-t]m-se- Xp-ey-]-Z-hn-bn-ep-≈- a-‰p- sXm-gn¬- ta-J-e-bn¬- ]-Wn- F-Sp-°p-∂-h¿-)-

am\-Z-WvUw: hcp-am\w/[\-ÿn-Xn-sb-bmWv am\-Z-WvU-am-t°-≠-Xv. hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ Bdmw hn`m-K-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

_n) hmWn-P-y-Ønepw, hy-h-km-b-Ønepw,I®-h-S-Ønepw- G¿-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-h¿--am-Z-Wv-Uw- - h-cp-am-\w-/-[-\-ÿn-Xn-sb-bm-Wv- am-\-Z-Wv-U-am-t°-≠-Xv.- hn-i-Zmw-i-ßƒ- B-dmw- hn- m-K-Øn¬- hn-h-cn-°p-∂p.-

(`m-c-ym- ¿-Øm-°-≥am-cn¬- H-cmƒ- sXm-gn¬- sN-øp-∂- B-fpw- a-t‰-bmƒ- ¢m- v- 2Hm- o-k-tdm- A-Xn¬- Xm-gv-∂- ]-Z-hn-bp-≈-D-tZym-K-tam- h-ln-°p-∂- B-tfm- B-bn-cp-∂m-epw- h-cp-am-\w- I-W-°m-°p-tºmƒ-sXm-gn¬- sN-øp-∂- B-fn-s‚- h-cp-am-\w- am-X-ta- I-W-°m-°m-≥ ]m-Sp-≈p)

A©mw hn`m-Kw--hkvXp DS-a-Iƒ

A. Irjn/tXm - qan DS-a-IƒCu hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-´-h-cpsS qan-bn¬\n∂p≈ hcp-am\w IW-°m-°m≥]mSn-√. `q]-cn-[n-bmWv am\-Z-WvU-am-t°-≠-Xv. 5 slIvStdm AXn¬ IqSp-Xtem Irjn/tXm´ qan ssIhi-ap≈hy‡n/hy-‡n-Iƒ/IpSpw_w Ch-cpsS aI\pw aIƒ°pw kwh-c-W-Øn\v A¿l-X-bn -√. (Ip -Spw_wF∂m¬ ]nXm-hv, amXm-hv, ]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-ImØ Ipń-Iƒ F∂n-h¿Dƒs∏-Spw)

B. Hgn-™p-In-S-°p∂ `qan/\K-c-]-tZ-isØ sIńS DS-a-Iƒam\-Z-WvUw- -Bdmw hn`m-K-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p∂ am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ F√m Cuhn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS a°ƒ°v_m[-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. (sI-ńSw XmakBh-i-y-Øn-t\m, hmWn-P-y- -h-y-h-kmbBh-i-y-Ønt\m As√-¶n¬ F√mwtN¿∂tXm BImw.)

Bdmw hn`m-Kw--h-cp-am-\w-˛-[-\-ÿnXn

(1) \memw- hn- m-Kw,- A-©mw- hn- m-K-Øn-se- _n.- D-]- hn-`m-Kw,- B-dmw- hn-`m-Kw-F-∂n-h-sc- kw-_-‘n-®v- am-X-am-Wv- h-cp-am-\w-/-[-\-ÿn-Xn- ]-cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv.-Cu- hn-`m-K-Øn¬-s∏-´-h-cn¬- hm¿-jn-I-h-cp-am-\w- Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- 3 h¿-jw- 6 e-£w- cq-]-bn¬- (k.-D-(ssI-)- \w.-05/-2014/-]n.-k.-hn.-h- Xo-b-Xn- 31 -01 -2014)- Iq-Sp-X¬-D-≈-h-cp-sS- a-°ƒ- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-c-√.- h-cp-am-\w- I-W-°m-°p-tºmƒ-Im¿-jn-I- h-cp-am-\w- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-≥ ]m-Sn-√.- Cu- hn-`m-K-Øn¬-s∏-´-h-cp-sS- i-º-f- h-cp-am-\-hpw,- a-‰v- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- h-cp-am-\-hpw- ]-c-kv-]-cw- Iq- m-\pw- ]m-Sn-√.-C-h-bn¬- G-sX-¶n-epw- H-∂p- am-X-ta- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-≥ ]m-Sp-≈p.- sh¬-Øv- Sm-Iv-kv- B-Iv-Sv- ]-Im-c-ap-≈- ]-cn-[n-bn¬-I-hn-™- kz-Øv- Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- 3 h¿-jw-ssI-h-iw- h-bv-°p-∂-h-cp-sS- a-°-fpw- kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l--c-√.-

(2)- -1,- 2,- 3,- 5 (F-)- F-∂o- hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬- Dƒ-s∏-´v- kw-h-c-Wm-\p-Iq-eyw- e-`n-°m-≥A¿-l-X-bp-s≠-¶n-epw- ap-I-fn¬- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂- am-\-Z-Wv-U-ßƒ-°v- hn-t[-b-am-bn- a-‰v- h-gn-I-fn-eq-sS- ]-cn-[n-bn¬-I-hn-™- h-cp-am-\w- D-≈-h-cp-sS- a-°ƒ-kw-h-c-W-Øn-\v- A¿-l-c-√.- F-∂m¬-C-h-cp-sS- i-º-f- h-cp-am-\-hpw,- Im¿-jn-I- h-cp-am-\-hpw- a-‰v- h-gn-I-fn-eq-sS-bp-≈-h-cp-am-\-tØm-sSm-∏w- Iq-ń-t®¿-°m-≥]m-Sn-√.-

(A-h-ew_w : dh\yq ssKUv)

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 7

2015 se t^m-d-Ãv- k¿-sh- dn-t∏m¿-´v- ]-Im-cw- C-¥y-bn-se- h-\-`q-an- 701,-673 N-Xp-c-i- In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv.- C-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- `q-hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-sS- 21.-34 i-X-am-\-am-Wv.- B-sI- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-sS- 85,-904 N.-In.-ao.- (2.-61%-)-]-tZ-iw- \n-_n-U-h-\w- (sh-cn- sU-≥kv- t^m-d-Ãv-)- B-Wv.- 315,-374 (9.-59%-)- N.-In.-ao.- C-S-Ø-cw- \n-_n-U-h-\w- (tam-U-td-‰v-en- sU-≥kv-t^m-d-Ãv-)- F-∂- hn-`m-K-hpw- 300,-395 N.-In.-ao.- (9.-41%-)- Xp-d- m-b- (Hm-∏-¨- t^m-d-Ãv-)-F-∂- hn-`m-K-hp-am-Wv.-

cm-Py- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-sS- 2,-544,-228 N.-In.-ao.- h-\w- C-X-cw- (t\m-¨- t^m-d-Ãv-)- F-∂-hn-`m-K-Øn-epw- (77.-4%-)- 41,-363 N.-In.-ao.- ]-tZ-iw- Ip-‰n-°m-Sv- (kv-I-_v-)- F-∂- hn-`m-K-Øn-epw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.- (1.-26%-)- hn-kv-Xo¿-Æm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- t^m-d-Ãv- I-h¿- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w- a-[y-]-tZ-im-Wv- (77,-462 N.-In.-ao-)- c-≠mw- ÿm-\-Øp-≈- A-cp-Wm-N¬- ]-tZ-in-\v- (67,-321 N.-In.-ao-)- h-S-°p-In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bn-se- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn¬- h-\-ap-≈- kw-ÿm-\w- F-∂- ]-tXy-I-X-bpw- kz-¥-am-Wv.- O-Øo-kv-K-Vv- (55,-586 N.-In.-ao-)-a-lm-cm-jv-S- (50,-628 N.-Io.-ao-)- H-Un-j- (50,-534)- N.-In.-ao-)- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- h-\- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bn¬- sXm-´-Sp-Ø- ÿm-\-ß-fn-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ-

-kw-ÿm-\- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-sS- 88.-93 i-X-am-\w- m-K-Øv- h-\-ap-≈- an-skm-d-an-em-Wv- i-X-am-\-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-\-ap-≈-Xv.- A-cp-Wm-N¬- ]-tZ-iv- (80.-30%-),- \m-Km-em-≥Uv- (78.-21%-)- a-Wn-∏q¿- (76.-11%-)- Xn-]p-c- (74.-49%-)- F-∂o- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fm-Wv- i-X-am-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- h-\w- Iq-S-X-ep-≈-kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ.-

-h-\- q-an-bp-sS- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-hp-≈- kw-ÿm-\w- l-cn-bm-\-bm-Wv- (1584N.-In.-ao-)- C-Xv- kw-ÿm-\- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-sS-35.-8 i-X-am-\-am-Wv.- i-X-am-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬-h-\w- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-hv- ]-©m-_n-em-Wv- (3.-52%-)- C-Xv- kw-ÿm-\- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bn¬- 1771N.-In.-ao-‰-dm-Wv.-

-tI-µ- kw-ÿm-\- ]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬- h-\-hn-kv-Xo¿-Æw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- B-¥-am-≥ \n-t°m-_m¿- Zzo-]-k-aq-l-Øn-em-Wv.- B-

sI- hn-kv-Xo¿-Æ-Øn-s‚- 6,-751 N.-In.-ao- ]-tZ-iw- (81.-84%-)- C-hn-sS- h-\m-am-Wv.- i-X-am-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-\-ap-≈- tI-µ- `-c-W-]-tZ-iw- e-£-Zzo-]m-Wv-(84.-56%-)- C-hn-sS- h-\- q-an-bp-sS- hn-kv-Xo¿-Æw-27.-06 N.-In.-ao-‰-dm-Wv.-

-tI-µ- -c-W- ]-tZ-i-ß-f¬- h-\-hn-kv-Xo¿-Æw- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-hv- Zm-a-≥ -Zn-bp-hn-em-Wv- (19.-61N.-In.-ao-)- i-X-am-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- h-\w-G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-hp-≈- tI-µ- -c-W-]-tZ-iw- ]p-Xp-t®-cn-bm-Wv- (11.-54%-)-

-tI-c-f-Øn¬- 19,-239 N.-In.-ao- h-\-ap-≠v.-i-X-a-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- C-Xv- 49.-50 i-X-am-\-am-Wv.- B-sI- h-\-hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bn¬- 1,-523N.-In.-ao- ]-tZ-iw- sh-cn- sU-≥kv- t^m-d-Ãv-F-∂- hn-`m-K-Øn-epw- 9,-301 N.-In.-ao- tam-U-td-‰v-en- sU-≥kv- t^m-d-Ãv- F-∂- hn- m-K-Øn-epw- 8,-415 N.-In.-ao- Hm-∏-¨- t^m-d-Ãv- F-∂-hn-`m-K-Øn-epw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.- sXm-´p-ap-º-sØ- (2013)- dn-s∏m¿-´n-t\-°mƒ- 1317 N.-In.-ao- h¿-[-\-hp-≠v.- C-Xy-bn¬- X-an-gv-\m-Sv- I-gn-™m¬- (2501N.-In.-ao-)- h-\-hn-kv-Xo¿-Æ-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h¿-[-\-hv- tI-c-f-Øn-em-Wv.

hnhn[ Xcw h\-ßƒ

C¥ybn¬ A©p-Xcw h\-ß-fp-≠v

1. DjvW-ta-Je \nX-y-l-cnX h\-ßƒ(tSm-∏n-°¬ Fh¿Ko≥) A¿[ \nX-y-l-cnX h\-ßƒ(skan Fh¿ Ko≥)

2. DjvW-ta-Je Ce-s]-gnbpw h\-ßƒ(tSm-∏n-°¬ sUkn-Un-b-kv)

3. hc≠ apƒ°m-Sp-Iƒ4. NXp-∏p-\n-e-ßƒ AYhm Xoc-tZi h\-

ßƒ

5. lnam-e-b≥ ]tZ-isØ h\-ta-J-e-IƒCXp-Iq-sSmX h\-km-µ-X-bv°-\p-

kcn®v C]Im-chpw h\-ßsf Xcw Xncn-°m-dp-≠v.

\n_n-U-h\w :(h\-km-µX 70 iX-am-\-Øn-e-[n-I-ap-≈-`qan

CS-Øcw \n_nU h\w: h\-km-µX40 iX-am-\-Ønepw 70 \pw CS-bn¬

Xpd- mb h\w: h\-km-µX 10 iX-am-\-Ønepw 40 \pw CS-bn¬

Ip‰n-°m-Sv: ]Øp iX-am-\-Øn¬ Xmsg-amXw h\ kmµ-X-bp≈ ]tZiw

DjvW-ta-Je \nX-yl-cn-X-h-\-ßƒ:h¿j-Øn¬ 200 sk‚o-ao-‰-dn-e-[nIw age-`n-°p∂ ]tZ-i-ßfm-Wn-h. Db¿∂ B¿Z-Xbpw EPp-hmb Xm]-\n-e-bp-ap≈ Imem-hÿ ChnsS A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu taJ-e-I-fn¬ hnhn -[-bn\w h\-ßƒ Iq´-tØmsS hf-cp-∂p. ]›n-a-L-´-Øn\p apI-fnepw hS-°p Ing-°≥ C¥-y-bpsS ae-tbmc taJ-e-I-fnepw \nX-y-l-cnX h\-]-tZ-i-ßƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

A¿[ \nX-y-l-cn-X-h-\-ßƒ: \nX-y-l-cnX h\-ßƒ [mcm-f-ambn Ds≠¶nepwAh-bpsS km∂n-[yw ]q¿Wa-√mØ ]tZ-i-ß-fmWv Ch. ]›n-aL-´-Øns‚ hc≠`mK-ßƒ, _wKmƒ, HUn-j, hS-°p-In-g-

C¥-y-bnse h\-ßƒ

hmb-\-°m¿ Bh-iy-s∏´ hnjbw

C¥y-bnse h\-ßsf kw_-‘n® tNmZy-ßƒ a’-c-∏-co-£-I-fn¬ ]Xn-hm-Wv. ÿnXn-hn-h-c-°-W-°p-Iƒ amdp-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®vhkvXp-X-Iƒ°v hyXymkw hcp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ PmK-X-tbmsS]Tn-t°≠ Hcp hnj-b-am-Wn-Xv. hmb-\-°m¿ Bh-iy-s∏- -Xp-]-Imcw e`y-amb G‰hpw ]pXnb hnh-c-ßƒ ]ImcamWv CuteJ\w Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

°≥ C¥y F∂n-h-S-ß-fn¬ A¿[ \nX-y-l-cnX h\-ßƒ ImWmw. h¿j-Øn¬ 200sk‚o-ao--‰-dne-[nIw ag In´p∂ ]tZ-i-ß-fn-emWv CØcw h\-ßƒ ImWp-∂-Xv.

DjvW-ta-Jem Ce-s]-mgnbpw h\-ßƒ: hc≠ Imem-h-ÿ-bnepw XWp∏pImeØpw Ce-I-fn-√msX \n¬°p∂ h\-]-tZ-i-ß-fm-Wn-h. ChnsS h¿j-Øn¬ 100sk‚o-ao-‰-dn\pw 200 sk‚o-ao-‰-dn-epw A-[nIw ag e`n-°pw. DØ-c-`m-KØv knhm-enIv ae-\n-c-Iƒ apX¬ `£nW `mKØv]›n-a-L´w hsc CXv hym-]n®p InS-°p-∂p. tX°v, km¬, Nµ-\w, XpS-ßnb ac-ßƒ ChnsS hf-cp-∂p.

apƒ°m-Sp-Iƒ: Duj-chpw hc-≠-Xp-amb ag e`-yX 80 sk‚o-ao-‰dn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ ]tZ-i-ß-fmWv apƒ°m-Sp-Iƒ. ]Sn-™m-d≥ ]©m-_v, sX°p-]-Sn-™m-d≥

lcn-bm-\, cmP-ÿm≥, KpP-dm-Øv, a[-y-]-tZiv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnepw U°mƒ ]tZ-i-Øns‚ hc≠ taJ-e-I-fnepw Ch hym-]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂p.

NXp-∏p-\n-e-ßƒ AYhm Xoc-tZih\-ßƒ: CØcw h\-ßƒ \Zo-X-S-ß-fnepw Xpcp-Øp-I-fnepw hym-]-I-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. KwK-bp-sSbpw alm-\-Zn-bn-sebpwXpcp-Øp-Iƒ Xoc-tZi h\-ßƒ°p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

lnam-e-b≥ taJ-e-bnse h\-ßƒ:lnam-e-b≥ ]tZ-isØ h\-ßƒ Db-c-Øn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn hy-X-ym-k-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.inhm-enIv ]tZ-i-ßƒ DjvW-ta-Je B¿ZCe-s]m-gnbpw h\-ß-fm¬ Np‰-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.Ipd-®p-IqSn Db¿∂ mKØv Atim-Iw, HmIvXpS-ßnh ImWmw. GXm≠v 1600˛3300 ao‰¿Db-c-Øn-se-Øp-tºmƒ tZh-Zm-cp, ss]≥F∂n-h-bpsS km[-y-ap-≠v.

temI-Øn-se- B-sI- I-≠¬- h-\-ß-fp-sS- aq-∂v- i-X-am-\w- C-¥y-bn-em-Wv.- C-Xn¬- ]-Ip-Xn-bpw- C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b-I-≠¬-h-\-am-b- _w-Km-fn-se- kp-µ¿-_-≥kn-em-Wp-≈-Xv.- Kp-P-dm-Øn-\m-Wv- c-≠mw- ÿm-\w.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- Pn-√-I-fn¬- I-≠¬-Im-Sp-Iƒ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈-Xv- I-Æq-cn-e-m-Wv.

(teJ\w Bh-iy-s∏-´Xv:]im-¥v, IÆq¿)

8 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

* Xßfp-sS- ]-[m-\- a-Xm-Nm-cy-\m-b- a-lm-ho-c-\v- Xo¿-Y-¶-c-≥ F-∂p- hn-fn-°-s∏-´- 23 ap-≥Km-an-I-fp-s≠-∂v- ssP-\¿- hn-iz-kn-®p.- a-lm-ho-c-≥ F-‰-hpw- H-Sp-hn-e-tØ-Xpw-24a-tØ-Xp-am-b- Xo¿-Y-¶-c-\m-sW-∂p- I-cp-Xn-bm¬- ssP-\-a-X-Øn-s‚- Xp-S-°w- ]n-∂n-te-°v- t]m-bn- _n.-kn.- H-≥]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠m-Ipw.-

*- -E-j-`-tZ-h-\m-Wv- (B-Zn-\m-Y-≥)- B-Zy- ssP-\-a-Xm-Nm-cy-s\-∂v- Nn-e¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.- h¿-[-am-\- a-lm-ho-c-≥ssP-\-a-X- ÿm-]-I-\m-bn- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw- ssP-\-a-X-Øn-s‚- Nn-´-Iƒ- hy-h-ÿ- sN-bv-X-Xv- 23a-sØ- Xo¿-Y-¶-c-\m-b- ]m¿-iz-\m-Y-\m-Wv.-

*- C-£m-Ip- hw-i-Øn¬- P-\n-®- ]m¿-iz-\m-Y-≥ hm-cm-W-kn-bn-se- cm-P-Ip-am-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv- A-iz-tk-\-\pw- am-Xm-hv- hm-a-tZ-hn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ap-∏-Xmw- h-b- n¬- ù-Xn-I-Po-hn-X-ap-t]-£n-®p.- 84 Zn-h-k-sØ- [ym-\-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬- tI-h-e-⁄m-\w- ssI-h-∂p.- ap-∏-Øn-sbm-∂m-a-sØ- h-b- n¬-Ø-s∂- A-t±-lw-ssP-\-a-X- X-Øz-ßƒ- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®p.-

*- -In-kv-Xp-hn-\p-ap-ºv- G-I-tZ-iw- 877 \pw- 777 -\pw- a-t[y-bm-Wv- ]m¿-iz-\m-Y-≥ Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-sX-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

*- -A-lnw-k (Non-violence), kXyw (Truthfulness), A-kv -tX -bw (Non-stealing) , A-] -cn -Kr -l- (Non-materialism) F∂o- \m-ep- h-X-ßƒ- A-\p-jv-Tn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv- A-h-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]-[m-\w.- a-lm-ho-c-≥C-Xn-t\m-sSm-∏w- _-“-N--cyw (Celibacy) F∂- \n-jv-T-Iq-Sn- Iq-ń-t®¿-Øp.-

*- -a-lm-ho-c-≥ ssP-\-a-X-sØ- ]-cn-jv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s‚- ]-Nm-c-W-Øn¬- \n¿-Wm-b-I- ]-¶p-h-ln-°p-I-bpw-sN-bv-Xp.-

h¿[am\ almhoc≥* sshim-en-°p- k-ao-]-ap-≈- (C-t∏mƒ- _o-lm-dn¬-)- Ip-

≠-Km-a-Øn¬- _n.-kn.- 540˛¬- ⁄m-Xn-I- Ip-e-Øn-s‚-ta-[m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂- kn-≤m¿-[-s‚-bpw- en-—m-hn-Ip-e-Øn-se- cm-P-Ip-am-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂- Xn-im-e-bp-sS-bpw- a-I-\m-bn-h¿-[-am-\-≥ P-\n-®p- (h¿-[-am-\-≥ F-∂- hm-°n-\¿-Yw-h¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂-h-≥).- A-t±-lw- b-tim-[-sb- hn-hm-lw-I-gn-®p.- Cu- Z-º-Xn-Iƒ-°v- H-cp- ]p-Xn- (A-tPm-P- ]n-b-Z¿-i-\-)- P-\n-®p.- Xp-S¿-∂v- h¿-[-am-\-≥ X-s‚- ap-∏-Xmw-h-b- n¬- eu-In-I- kp-J-ß-sf-√mw- sh-Sn-™v- k-\ym-kn-bm-bn.-

*- ]-¥-≠p-sIm-√-sØ- k-\ym-k-Øn-\p-ti-jw- 42˛-a-sØ-h-b- n¬- Pnw- n-I- Km-a-Øn¬- H-cp- A-tim-I-a-c-®p-h- n¬-h-®v- h¿-[-am-\-≥ ]-c-a-am-b- ⁄m-\w- t\-Sn.- C-Xn-\p-ti-jw- A-t±-lw- Pn-\-≥,- a-lm-ho-c-≥ F-∂o- t]-cp-I-fn¬-A-dn-b-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßn.-

*- Pn-\-≥ F-∂- t]-cn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- ssP-\-a-Xw- F-∂- t]-cv-D-Zv-`-hn-®-Xv.- ap-∏-Xv- sIm-√-tØm-fw- X-s‚- k-tµ-iw- ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-≥ \n-c-¥-cw- ]-cn-i-an-®- A-t±-lw- 468 _n.-kn.- bn¬ 72˛-a-sØ- h-b- n¬- cm-P-Kr-l-Øn-\p-k-ao-]w-]m-h- ( _o-lm-dn¬-)-F-∂- ÿ-e-Øp-h-®v- A-¥-cn-®p.

ssP\aXØns‚ ASnÿm\ XØzßƒ1. thZ-hn-[n- ]-Im-c-ap-≈- F-√m- a-Xm-\p-jv-Tm-\-ß-fpw- \n-

jv-^-e-am-Wv.-2.- ssZ-hw- H-cp- an-Yy-bm-Wv.-3.-kp-J-Zp-:-J-ßƒ-°-Sn-ÿm-\w- I¿-a-am-Wv.- tam-£-]m-]v-Xn-

°v- k¬-°¿-aw- A-\p-jv-Tn-°-Ww.-4.- I¿-aw- Ip-‰-a-‰-Xpw- ip-≤-hp-am-°m-\p-≈- am¿-K-am-Wv- Xn-

c-Xv-\-ßƒ- (i-cn-bm-b- hn-izm-kw,- i-cn-bm-b- ⁄m-\w,-i-cn-bm-b- s]-cp-am-‰w-).-

5.-k-∂ym-kw,- kz-bw-]o-V-\w,- \n-cm-lm-c-h-Xw- F-∂n-h-bn-eq-sS- \n¿-hm-Ww- ]m-]n-°mw.-

6.- ssP-\-a-X-Øn-s‚- ]-c-a- ]-[m-\-am-b- X-Øzw- A-lnw-k-b-mWv.

ssP\aXØns‚ ]ptcmKXn* ssP\aX-Øn-\v- cm-Pm-°-≥am-cp-sS- t]m-’m-l-\w- e-

`n-®-Xv- A-Xn-s‚- ]-Nm-c-Øn-\p- k-lm-b-I-am-bn.- A-Pm-X-i-Xp,- N-µ-Kp-]v-X-au-cy-≥,- k-ºm-Xn,- J-c-th-e-≥,- A-tam-L-h¿-j-≥ ap-X-em-b-h¿- ssP-\-a-X-sØ- t]m-’m-ln-∏n-®- ]-ap-J- cm-Pm-°-≥am-cm-Wv.

* ssP\aXsØ- t]m-’m-ln-∏n-®- sX-t°- C-¥y-bn-se-

cm-P-hw-i-ß-fm-Wv- I-Zw-_,- Kw-K,- Nm-eq-Iy,- cm-jv-S-Iq-S-F-∂n-h.-

*- _n.-kn.-c-≠mw- i-X-I-Øn¬- ssP-\-a-Xw- a-t[y-¥y-bn-epw-]-›n-ta-¥y-bn-epw- h-ºn-®- tXm-Xn¬- ]p-c-tcm-K-Xn- ssI-h-cn-®p.-

*- ssP-\-a-Xw- U-°m-Wn¬- ]p-tcm-K-Xn- t\-Sn-b-Xv- F.-Un.-H-≥]-Xp-ap-X¬- 11 h-sc-bp-≈- i-Xm-_v-Z-ß-fn-em-Wv.-

*- Kp-P-dm-Øn¬- ssP-\-a-Xw- ]-N-cn-∏n-®- k-\ym-kn-bm-Wv-tl-a-N-µ-≥ (P-\-\w- F-Un- 1087).

ssP\aXw £bn°m\p≠mb ImcWßƒ1. kv]¿-[,- A-ss\-Iyw,- hn-`m-Ko-b-X- F-∂n-h- ssP-\-a-X-

Øn-s‚- X-I¿-®-bv-°v- B-°w- Iq-ń.-2.- tiz-Xw-_-c-≥am¿,- Zn-Kw-_-c-≥am¿- F-∂n-ß-s\- c-≠p-hn-

`m-K-ß-fm-bn- ]n-f¿-∂- ssP-\-a-X-Øn-\v- kw-L-S-\m- ]-c-

am-b- ta-∑-bpw- sF-Iy-Zm¿-Vy-hpw- \-jv-S-s∏-´p.-3.- i-‡n-a-Øm-b- a-X-]-Nm-c-W-Øn-s‚- A-`m-hw-4.- km-[m-c-W- P-\-ß-sf- B-I¿-jn-°m-≥ I-gn-bm-sX-t]m-

bn- F-∂- ]-cn-an-Xn.-5.- an-I-®- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-s‚- A-`m-hw-6.- C-X-c- a-X-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈- a-’-c-sØ- A-Xn-Po-hn-°m-

≥ I-gn-bm-sX- t]m-b- km-l-Ncyw.

ssP\aXØns‚ kw`mh\Iƒ* PmXnc-ln-X- k-aq-l-Øn-\p-th-≠n- \n-e-sIm-≠- ssP-\-

a-Xw- Pm-Xn-`n-∂-X-I-sf- e-Lq-I-cn-°m-≥ k-lm-b-I-am-bn.-*- -k-Zv-Kp-W-ß-fp-sS- ]-Nm-c-W-Øn-\v- ssP-\-a-Xw- ]p-e¿-

Øn-b- i-≤- A-Xn-s‚- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-°v- k-aq-l-Øn¬-am-\y-am-b- ÿm-\w- t\-Sn-s°m-Sp-Øp.-

*- -I-e,- km-ln-Xyw,- `m-j- F-∂n-h-bp-sS- h-f¿-®-bv-°v- kw-`m-h-\- \¬-In.- kw-kv-Ir-X-Øn-\p- ]-I-cw- ]m-Ir-X- `m-j-bm-Wv- ssP-\¿- B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\v- kzo-I-cn-®-Xv.-B- m-j-bp-sS- h-f¿-®-bv-°v- A-Xv- k-lm-b-I-am-bn.- an-°-ssP-a-X-Ir-Xn-I-fpw- ]m-Ir-X-`m-j-bn-em-Wv- c-Nn-°-s∏-´-Xv.- a-lm-ho-c-≥ X-s‚- B-i-b-ßƒ- ]-N-cn-∏n-°m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-®- `m-j- A¿-[-am-K-[n- F-∂- an-i-`m-j-bm-Wv.-

*- -X-an-gv,- I-∂-S- F-∂o- Zm-hn-U- `m-j-I-fp-sS- B-Zy-Im-e-h-f¿-®-bn-epw- ssP-\-a-Xw- kzm-[o-\w- sN-ep-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.-Nn-e-∏-Xn-Im-cw- c-Nn-®- C-f-t¶m- A-Sn-Iƒ- ssP-\-a-X-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- in¬-]-Ie,- hm-kv-Xp-hn-Zy- F-∂o- ta-J-e-I-fn-epw- ssP-\-a-Xw- i-t≤-b-am-b- kw- m-h-\-Iƒ- A¿-∏n-®p.- H-do- -bn-se-lm-Yn-Kpw- ,- J-Wv-U-Kn-cn,- D-Z-b-Kn-cn- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-i-se- a-Yp-c,- cm-P-ÿm-\n-se- au-≠v- A-_p,- a-[y-]-tZ-in-se- J-Pp-cm-tlm,- I¿-Wm-S-I-Øn-se- im-h-W-_-e-tKm-f- F-∂o-ÿ-e-ßƒ- ssP-\-I-e-bp-sS- ]-i-kv-X- tI-µ-ß-f-mWv.

ssP\aX hn`mKßƒ* ssP\aXw tizXw_c≥am¿ (literally means "white-

clad"), ZnKw_c≥am¿ (literally means "Sky-clad")F∂nßs\ c≠mbn ]ncn™p. tizXw_c≥am¿

shfpØ hkvXw [cn®hcpw ZnKw_c≥am¿ hkvXw[cn°mØhcpambncp∂p. BZy hn`mKsØÿqe`Z\pw c≠matØXns\ Z_mlphpw \bn®p.sXt° C¥ybn¬ ssP\aXw ]Ncn∏n®XvZnKw_c≥amcmbncp∂p.

ssP\aX ktΩf\ßƒ* BZysØ ssP-\-a-X- k-tΩ-f-\w- _n.-kn.- 300t\m-S-Sp-

Øv- ]m-S-eo-]p-X-Øp-\-S-∂p.- ÿq-e-`-Z-\m-Wv- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv.-

*- c-≠m-a-sØ- ssP-\-a-X-k-tΩ-f-\w- F-Un- 512˛¬- Kp-P-dm-Øn-se- h-e-`n-bn¬-\-S-∂p.- tZ-h-c-Yn- £-am-i-a-W-\m-bn-cp-∂p- A-[y-£≥.

ssP\aX kmlnXyw* BK-a,- Aw-K,- ]q¿-h- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- ssP-\-cp-sS- hn-ip-≤-

Ir-Xn-Iƒ.- Xo¿-Y-¶-c-≥am-cp-sS- h-N-\-ß-fm-Wv- Aw-K- F-∂- t]-cn¬- A¿-[- am-K-[n- `m-j-bn¬- k-am-l-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- C-h- 12 F-Æ-ap-≠v.- ssP-\-a-X-[¿-a-im-kv-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p- ]-Xn- ]m-Zn-°p-∂- ]q¿-h-ßƒ- 14 F-Æ-ap-≠v.-

*- I¬-]-kq-Xw- c-Nn-®-Xv- `-Z-_m-lp-hm-Wv.- ]m¿-iz-\m-Y-≥,- a-lm-ho-c-≥ ap-X-em-b- ssP-\-Xo¿-¶-c-≥am-cp-sS- Po-h-N-cn-X-am-Wv- I¬-]-kq-X-Øn-s‚- ]-Xn-]m-Zyw.-

*- \ym-b-N-µ-kq-cn- F-∂- k-\ym-kn-bm-Wv- l-Ωn-c- a-lm-Im-hy-Øn-s‚- I¿-Ø-mhv.

][m\s∏´ Nne hkvXpXIƒ* ssP\a-Xw- ap-t∂m-´p-h-®- X-Øz-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- im-kv-

Xo-bw- F-√m- h-kv-Xp-Iƒ-°pw- Po-h-\p-≠v- F-∂-Xm-Wv.-Ir-jn- \n-tcm-[n-®-Xm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- A-im-kv-Xo-b-am-b- X-Øz-am-bn- hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- ssP-\-X-a-Øn-\v- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv- hym-]m-cn- k-aq-l-Øn-e-mWv (Mercantile community)

* 22 asØ Xo¿Y¶c\mb t\an\mYs‚ Nn”w iwJvBbncp∂p. ]m¿iz\mYs‚Xv ]mºv. almhoct‚Xvknwlw.

* almhocs‚ ]pXn AtPmP ]nbZ¿i\sb hnhmlwIgn® PamenbmWv almhocs‚ BZy injy≥.

* ssP\aXw kzoIcn® BZy aucy NIh¿ØnNµKp]vX aucy\mWv.

* ssP\aXmiaßƒ _kvXnIƒ (Basadis)F∂dnbs∏´p. Bcm[\m tIµßƒ t£XßfmWv.

* alm-ho-c≥ A¥-cn-°p∂ ka-bØv aK[ cmPmhvAPmX iXp-hm-Wv.

A\p_‘hnhcßƒ

* _p≤aX°mcpsS ]men `mjbnep≈ tcJIfn¬almhocs\ ]cma¿in°p∂Xv Nigantha NataputtaF∂ t]cnemWv.

* cmPÿm-\n-se- au-≠v- A-_p-hn-em-Wv- Zn¬-hm-cm- ssP-\-t£-X-ßƒ.- ]-Xn-s\m-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n-\pw- ]-Xn-aq-∂mw-\q-‰m-≠n-\pw- C-S-bv-°v- Nm-eq-Iy-hw-i-Øn-se- cm-Pm-°-≥am-cm-Wv- Cu- t£-X-ßƒ- am¿-_n-fn¬- \n¿-an-®-Xv.-

*- -Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-[m-\- ssP-\-tI-µw- im-h-W-_-e-tKm-f-bm-Wv.- C-hn-sS- tKm-a-tX-iz-c-≥ A-Y-hm-_m-lp-_-en-bp-sS- ò-a-Im-c-am-b- ]-Xn-a-bp-≠v.- C-Xn-\v-55 A-Sn- (17 ao-‰¿-)- D-b-c-ap-≠v.- B-Zy-sØ- ssP-\- Xo¿-Y-¶-c-\m-b- E-j-`-tZ-h-s‚- \q-dp-a-°-fn¬- c-≠m-a-\m-bn-cp-∂p- _m-lp-_-en.- cm-P-]-Z-hn- D-t]-£n-®v- k-∂ym-kn-bm-bn-Øo¿-∂-bm-fm-Wv- _m-lp-_-en.-

*- -im-h-W-_-e-tKm-f-bn-se- ]-[m-\- D-’-h-am-b- a-lm-a-kv-X-Im- n-tj-Iw- \-S-°p-∂-Xv- 12 h¿-j-Øn-sem-cn-°-em-Wv.-

*- -`-K-hm-≥ a-lm-ho¿- km-Mv-Nz-dn- tKm-h-bn-em-Wv.-*- -a-lm-ho-c-s‚- P-∑-Zn-\w- a-lm-ho¿- P-b-¥n-bm-bn- B-tLm-

jn-°p-∂p.- ssN-X-am-k-Øn-se- 13 a-sØ- Zn-h-k-am-Wv-A-t±-lw- P-\n-®-Xv.- C-Xv- am¿-®v- am-k-Øn-tem- G-]n¬-B-Zy-tam- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂p.-

*- -a-lm-ho-c-s‚- am-Xm-hv- Xn-im-e,- ssh-im-en-bn-se- cm-Pm-hv- tN-X-I-s‚- k-tlm-Z-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -a-lm-ho-c-s‚- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ- ]m¿-iz-\m-Y-s‚- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -N-µ-Kp-]v-X-au-cy-≥ ssP-\-a-X-Øn-se- Zn-Kw-_-c- hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚- A-\p-bm-bn-bm-bncp∂p.

ssP\aXw ]mNo\C¥y-

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 9

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* What is the other name of the ‘three-parent’ technique ?-Mitochondrial donation (Mitochondrial ReplacementTherapy)

* Who heads the committee constituted by the cntrl govto study silt in the river ganga in Bihar?A.K sinha

* The first BRICS film festival was held in which indian city?New Delhi

* As per the statistics of the Central Government, which statewas visited by most number of tourists in 2015? Tamil Nadu

* Who is the Goodwill Ambassador of Mritasanjivani, the or-

gan donation project of Kerala Government? Mohanlal* Which is the proposed first differently abled tourist destina-

tion in Kerala? Kochi* India’s first disabled-friendly luxury train-The Golden Chariot* Which country cooperate with India in the Chandrayaan-2?

Russia* World Maritime Day- September 29* International Day of Charity- September 5* Whose death anniversary falls on September 5? Mother

Theresa* World Rabies Day? September 28* Who has been re-appointed as President of World Bank for

a second five-year term? Jim Yong Kim* The nationality of Jim Yong Kim- South Korea* Which has become Asia-Pacific’s only and one of the world’s

few airports to achieve a carbon neutral status ? The IndiraGandhi International (IGI) Airport

* The new name of Gurgaon- Gurugram* The theme of 2016 Tourism Day-‘Tourism for all – promot-

ing universal accessibility’* India’s largest civilian research and development agency

that celebrated its platinum jubilee- Council of Scientific andIndustrial Research (CSIR)

* Which country has built world’s largest radio telescope nick-named Tianyan (Heavenly Eye” or “The Eye of Heaven)?China

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* Name the Tamil film that has been selected as the India’sofficial entry to Oscars 2017 (89th Academy Awards) in theForeign Language Film category? Visaranai

* Who was appointed as Ambassador to the United States?Navtej Sarna

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* The new director of State Institute for Encyclopaedia-Dr A R Rajan

* The cleanest state as per the report of the National SampleSurvey? Sikkim

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Tikhor* The British trio of physicists who have won the 2016 Nobel

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* The History writer who has won the prestigious 2016 John

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* The chairman of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India(IBBI)- MS Sahoo

* The Japanese Scientist who has won the 2016 Nobel Prizefor physiology or Medicine for his pioneering work on au-tophagy- Yoshinori Ohsumi

* The Union Urban Development Ministry The state has de-clared urban areas of two Indian states open defecationfree (ODF). These are the first states to become open def-ecation free in urban areas. Name these states- Gujarat,Andhra Pradesh

* Who was appointed as the Chairman of Kerla Youth Wel-fare Board- P.Biju

* Who was appointed as the Green Ambassador of HarithaKeralam Project-KJ Yesudas

* Name the second Novel of Arundhathy Roy-The Ministry ofUtmost Happiness

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ism Department of India Government-Gangtok* Who will be the chief guest of the 2017 Republic Day Cel-

ebrations of India- Sheikh Muhammad Bin Sayyid Al Nahyan* Which cricketer was appointed as the brand ambassador

of Punjab National Bank-Virat Kohli

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away on 28 September 2016- Shimon Peres* In association with which country India has developed barak-

8 missile -Israel* Who has been elected as the chairman of the Audit bureau

of circulation for 2016-17- I.Venkit* Who ranks first in the list of wealthiest 100 millionaires in

India, published by Forbes Magazine-Mukesh Ambani* Which country was defeated by India at its 500th test Cricket

match which was held in Kanpur-New Zealand* National blood donation day-October 1* World music day-October 1* Name the place where the statue of Dr.K.B.Menon was un-

veiled recently- Vadakara* Who got the first Jesse Owens Olympic Spirit Award-

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plant? Adani Group* The new Director of Oushadhi- KR Viswambharan* Who got P Bhaskaran Award of P Bhaskaran Foundation-

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Indian Navy that was built indigenosly- Mormugao

10 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

tIcfNcn-Xhpw hy‡n-I-fpw- 4AΩp kzman\mY≥

(1894--˛1978)sk≥S¬- e-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-ªn,- tIm-

¨-Ãn-‰yp-h-‚ v- A-kw-ªn,- C-S-°m-e- ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v,- tem-Iv-k-`,- cm-Py-k-`- F-∂n-ß-s\-C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v- N-cn-X-Øn-se- F-√m-k-`-I-fn-epw- Aw-K-am-b- G-I- a-e-bm-fn- h-\n-X-bm-Wv- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥.-

s]m-∂m-\n-bn-se- B-\-°-c- h-S-°-Øp-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬- 1894 G-]n¬- 22˛-\v- A-Ωp-P-\n-®p.- kzm-X-¥y- k-a-c-\m-bn-I- Ip-ń-am-fp-A-Ω- A-\p-P-Øn-bm-Wv.- ]m-e-°m-Sv- kz-tZ-

in- tUm-Iv-S¿- kzm-an-\m-Y-s\- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-®-tXm-sS- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-\m-bn.-

ho- n-en-cp-∂m-Wv- A-Ωp- hn-Zym- ym-kw- t\-Sn-b-Xv.- km-am-\y- hn-Zym- ym-k-ta- B¿-Pn-°m-≥ I-gn-™p-≈p.- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-™v- ¿-Øm-shm-∂n-®v- sN-ss∂-bn¬- Xm-a-k-am-°n.- ho-ń¬- H-Xp-ßn-°q-Sm-≥ A-h¿- C-jv-S-s∏-ń-√.-A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ s]m-Xp-]-h¿-Ø-\-cw-K-Øv- k-Po-h-am-bn.- ¿-Øm-hv- A-Xv- t]m¬-km-ln-∏n-®p.-

tUm.- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ 1930˛¬- A-¥-cn-®p.-\m-ep-a-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿-°v- - e-£v-an,- ar-Wm-fn-\n,- tKm-hn-µ-≥,- kp-∫-cm-a-≥.- ¿-Øm-hn-s‚- hn-tbm-Kw- X-f¿-Øn-sb-¶n-epw- A-h¿-]-h¿-Ø-\- ]m-X-bn¬-\n-∂v- ]n-≥am-dn-bn-√.-C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-Im-e- h-\n-Xm- kw-L-S-\-I-fn-sem-∂m-b- a-Zm-kv- hn-a-≥kv- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-\n¬- A-h¿- Aw-K-am-bn.- ]n-∂o-S-Xn-s‚-ssh-kv- ]-kn-U-‚p-am-bn.-

1936 -se- s]m-Xp-Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-e-Øv-A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ a¬-k-cn-®n-s√-¶n-epw- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- ]-Nm-c-W-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- v- C-¥y-sbm- m-sI- k-©-cn-®p.- A-Jn-te-¥ym-X-e-Øn¬- h-\n-X-I-sf- kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- cq-]w- \¬-In-b- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- sk-I- -dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿.- cm-Pv-Ip-am-cn- A-ar-Xv-Iu¿- B-bn-cp-∂p- ]-kn-U-‚ v.- 1942˛¬- Izn-‰n-¥ym- k-a-c-Im-e-Øv- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥A-d-Ãn-em-bn.- c-≠p-h¿-j-sØ- X-S-hn-\p-ti-jw- 1944˛¬- B-Wv- A-h¿- tam-Nn-X-bm-b-Xv.-

1945˛¬- \-S-∂- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- a-Zm-kv-kn-‰n- \n-tbm-P-I- a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ sk-≥S¬- e-Pn-t…-‰o-hv-A-kw-ªn-bn-te-°v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- tIm- -Ãn-‰yp-h-‚ v- A-kw-ªn-bn-epw- C-S-°m-e- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-epw- Aw-K-am-bn.- 1952˛-se- s]m-Xp- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- X-an-gv-\m- n-se-Zn-≠n-°¬- a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v- tem-Iv-k-`mw-K-am-bn.- 1957˛-se- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- a¬-k-cn-®n-√.- ]n-∂o-Sv- cm-Py-k-`mw-K-am-bn.-

C-¥ym- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®- ]-e-hn-Z-Kv-[-k-an-Xn-I-fn-epw- A-Ωp- kzm-an-\m-Y-≥ ]-h¿-Øn-®n-´p-≠v.- kw-ÿm-\-˛-tZ-io-b-X-e- ^n-enw- sk-≥k¿- t_m¿-Uw-K-am-bpw-

tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®p.- 1960˛-63 Im-e-Øv- `m-c-Xv- kv-Iu-´v- B-‚ v- ssK-Un-s‚- ]-kn-U-‚m-bn.- Cw-•o-jv,- ln-µn,- X-an-gv- F-∂o- `m-j-I-fn¬- ]m-ho-Wy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- \n-c-h-[n- hn-tZ-i- cm-Py-ß-fpw- k-µ¿-i-n®p.

k¿-Zm¿- sI Fw- ]Wn-°¿-(1894˛ 1963)

Hcp- bm-Ym-kv-Yn-Xn-I- \m-b¿- X-d-hm- n¬-P-\n-®v- kv-Yn-tcm¬-km-l-hpw- I¿-a-ti-jn-bpw-sIm-≠v- D-∂-X-]-Z-hn-I-fn-se-Øn-t®¿-∂- a-lm-\m-Wv- k¿-Zm¿- sI- Fw- ]-Wn-°¿.- tI-c-f- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an-bp-sS- kv-Ym-]-Im-[y-£-≥,- ssN-\-bn-te-°p-≈- kz-X-¥- C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- kv-Ym-\-]-Xn,- kw-kv-Ym-\- ]p-\-kw-L-S-\m- I-Ωo-j-≥ Aw-Kw- F-∂o- \n-e-I-fn¬- ]-h¿-Øn-®- A-t±-lw- Im-iv-ao¿- cm-Pm-hn-s≥d- D-]-tZ-jv-Sm-hv,- ]-Sym-e-cm-Pm-hn-s≥d- hn-tZ-i-Im-cy-a-¥n,- _n-°m-\o-dn-se- Zn-hm-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b- ]-Z-hn-I-fn-epw- X-s≥d- I¿-a-ti-jn- sX-fn-bn-®n-´p-≠v.- cm-Py-k-`mw-Kw,- ssh-kv- Nm-≥k-e¿,- ]-Xm-[n-]¿,- tI-µ-km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an- Aw-Kw- F-∂o- \n-e-I-fn-epw- Xn-f-ßn-b- Cu- ]-Xn- m-[-\-≥ Cu-Pn-]v-Xv,- ^m-≥kv- F-∂o- cm-Py-ß-fn¬- kv-Ym-\-]-Xn-bpw- B-bn-´p-≠v.- ]-Sym-e- cm-Pm-hv-`q-t]-µ-knw-Km-Wv- sI- Fw- ]-Wn-°¿- F-∂- Im-hm-ew- am-[-h-∏-Wn-°¿-°v- "-k¿-Zm¿-_-lp-a-Xn- \¬-In-b-Xv.-

1894 Pq-¨- aq-∂n-\v- A-º-e-∏p-g- Xm-eq-°n¬- Im-hm-e-Øv- Nm-e-bn¬- X-d-hm- n¬- am-[-h-∏-Wn-°¿- P-\n-®p.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw,- X-e-h-Sn,- tIm-´-bw,- a-Zm-kv,- e-≠-≥ F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-em-bn-cp-∂p- hn-Zym-`ym-kw.- A-en-K-Uv-k¿-∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬- N-cn-X-hn-`m-Kw- ta-[m-hn-bm-bpw- "-kz-cm-Py-',- "-ln-µp-kv-Ym-≥ ssSw-kv-'- ]-X-ß-fn¬- ]-Xm-[n-]-cm-bpw- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®p.-

kzm-X-¥y-e-_v-[n-°p-ap-\v- sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k-`-bn-se- C-¥y-≥ ]-Xn-\n-[n-kw-L-Øn-s≥d- t\-Xm-hm-bn- A-t±-lw- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.-

`-c-W-cw-K-Øpw- \-b-X-¥-a-Wv-U-e-Øn-epw- Pz-en-®p--\n¬-s°-X-s∂- a-e-bm-f- km-ln-Xy-Øn-\v- k¿-Zm¿- sI- Fw- F-Wn-°¿-A-aq-ey-am-b- kw- m-h-\-Iƒ- \¬-In.- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥ F-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ- N-cn-X-Im-c-≥F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-S-Ø-°-hn-[w- B-g-hpw- hym-]v-Xn-bp-am¿-∂- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- A-t±-lw- \-S-Øn-bn- p-≠v.- K-Zy-Øn-epw- ]-Zy-Øn-ep-am-bn- A-t±-lw- ssI-Im-cyw-sN-øm-Ø- km-ln-Xy-im-J-Iƒ- hn-c-f-am-Wv.- t\m-h¬,- \m-S-Iw,- D-]-\ym-kw,- hn-a¿-i-\w,- bm-Xm-hn-h-c-Ww,- B-Xv-a-I-Y,- J-Wv-U-Im-hyw,- Ko-X-Iw,-ap-Iv-X-Iw,- k-tµ-i-Im-hyw,- N-ºp- F-∂n-ß-s\- hy-Xy-kv-X- km-ln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fn-em-bn- A-º-tXm-fw- a-e-bm-f- Ir-Xn-Iƒ- A-t±-lw- c-N-

cn-®p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥d- i-t≤-b-am-b- N-cn-X-t\m-h-em-Wv- "-tI-c-f-knw-lw-'.- ]p-W¿-tIm-´p- kz-cq-]w- (1928),- [q-a-tI-Xp-hn-s≥d- D-Z-bw- (1929),- ]-d-¶n-∏-S-bm-fn- A-Y-hm- k-ap-Zm-b- ]-Xn-Im-cw- (1932),- I-eym-W-a¬- (1937),-Qm-≥kn-dm-Wn-bp-sS- B-Xv-a-I-Y- (1957),- D-K-i-]-Yw- (1961)- F-∂n-h-bpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥d-N-cn-Xm-Jym-bn-I-I-fm-Wv.- B-]¬-°-c-am-b- bm-X-'- (1944),- "-ssN-\-bn-se- H-cp- bm-X-'- (1954)-F-∂n-h- bm-Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.-

A-º-e-∏p-g- cm-P-hw-iw- Io-g-S-°n-b-ti-jw- sN-º-I-t»-cn- cm-Pm-hv- ]p-W¿-tIm- p-kz-cq-]w- ssI-°-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p- sN-øp-∂- i-a-ß-fm-Wv- "-]p-W¿-tIm- p- kz-cq-]-'-Øn¬- B-Jym-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- tI-c-f-°-c- ap-gp-h-≥ sh-ń-∏n-Sn-°m-≥th-≠n- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- a-d-h-∏-S-bp-am-bn- h-S-°-≥ Zn-°p-I-fn-te-°v- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw- tXm-´-∏-≈n-F-∂- kv-Y-e-Øp-h-®v- F-Xn-cm-fn-I-sf- t\-cn-Sp-∂-Xpw- B- kw-L- -\-Øn¬- tXm¬-°p-sa-∂m-b-t∏mƒ- ssl-Z-cm-en-bp-sS- k-lm-bw- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-am-b- h-kv-Xp-X-I-fm-Wv- "-[q-a-tI-Xp-hn-s≥d- D-Z-bw-'- F-∂- t\m-h-en-se-N-cn-Xmw-i-ßƒ.- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- tX-h-e-°-c- t£-Xw- I-h¿-∂- N-cn-X-]-[m-\-am-b- kw-`-hw- B-kv-]-Z-am-°n- c-Nn-®- I¬-]n-X-I-Y-bm-Wv- "-]-d-¶n-∏-S-bm-fn-'.- a-e-_m¿- N-cn-X-Øn-s≥d- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-e-Øn¬- a-e-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠m-b- G-‰-hpw- an-I-®- t\m-h-em-bn- "-tI-c-f-knw-lw-'- hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p.- ]-g-»n-cm-Pm-hv- Cu-kv-‰n-¥ym-I-º-\n-bp-am-bn- \-S-Øn-b- Zo¿-L-k-a-c-Øn-s≥d- H-cp- h-i-am-Wv- C-Xn¬- Nn-Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- "-I-eym-W-a¬-'- ap-Kƒ- N-cn-Xw- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-e-am-°n-c-Nn-®-Xm-Wv.- Qm-≥kn-dm-Wn-bp-sS- Po-hn-X-I-Y- A-h-ew-_n-®m-Wv- "-Qm-≥kn-dm-Wn-bp-sS- B-Xv-a-I-Y-'- c-Nn-®-Xv.- C-h- c-≠pw- tI-c-f- N-cn-Xw- hn-´v- A-t±-lw- c-Nn-®- t\m-h-ep-I-fm-Wv.- H-a¿-J-bm-an-s≥d- "-dp-_m-bn-b-Øn-'-\v- ]-Wn-°¿- \¬-In-b- X¿-P-a-bm-Wv- "-c-kn-I-c-km-b-\w-'.- dp-_m-bn-b-Øn-\v- Cw-•o-jn¬- n-‰v-kv-sP-dmƒ-Uv- \¬-In-b- hn-h¿-Ø-\-am-Wv- ]-Wn-°¿- aq-e-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- tkm-t^m-¢o-kn-s≥d- "-F-e-Iv-S-bpw-'- Im-fn-Zm-k-s≥d- "-Ip-am-c-kw- -h-'-hpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥d- X¿-P-a-I-fn¬-s]-Sp-∂p.- sI- Fw- ]-Wn-°-cn-se-N-cn-X-Im-c-\pw- I-hn-bpw- H-∂p-tN¿-∂-t∏m-gp-≠m-b- Im-hy-ß-fm-Wv- Aw-_-]m-en,- th-ep-Ø-ºn- Z-f-hm,- ssl-Z¿- \m-bn-°-≥ N-ºp-Xp-S-ßn-b- Ir-Xn-Iƒ.- "- q-]-k-tµ-iw-'- k-tµ-i-Im-hy-am-Wv.- ò-jv-a¿- (1988),- a-Wv-tUm-Z-cn-(1941),- [p-h-kzm-an-\n- (1945)- F-∂n-h- C-Xn-lm-kw- A-h-ew-_n-®v- c-Nn-®- \m-S-I-ß-fm-Wv.-"-\q¿-P-lm-≥',- "-\m- p-Im-cy-kv-Y-≥,- F-∂o- \m-S-I-ß-fpw- A-t±-lw- c-Nn-®p.- t]-a-Ko-Xn,- _m-en-Im-a-Xw,- k-‘ym-cm-Kw- F-∂n-h- J-Wv-U-Im-hy-ß-fm-Wv.- "-A-]-Iz- -ew-',- "-I-hn-Xm-Iu-Xp-Iw-',- "-Ip-cp-t£-X-Øn-se- Km-\v-[m-cn-'- F-∂n-h- e-Lp- I-hn-X-I-fp-sS- k-am-lm-c-am-Wv.-kz-Po-hn-Xm-Jym-\-am-Wv- "-B-Xv-a-I-Y-'.-

˛-ssa-kq¿- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- H-cp-tbm-K-Øn¬- ]-kw-Kn-°p-tºmƒ- X-f¿-∂p-ho-W- ]-Wn-°¿-1963 Un-kw-_¿- ]-Øn-\v- A-¥-cn-®p.-

hn.]n.tat\m≥ (1894˛1965)1894 sk]vXw_¿ 30\v ]me°m´v

P\n®p.- ap-gp-h-≥ t]-cv- hm-∏m¬- ]-¶p-Æn-ta-t\m-≥.- 1914¬- U¬-ln- sk-I-t -dn-b-‰n¬-¢m¿-°m-bn- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- Po-hn-Xw- B-cw-`n-®- A-t±-lw- ]n-∂o-Sv- sk-≥S¬- sd-t°m¿-Uv-kn¬- kq-]-≠v,- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- sk-I-´-dn,-K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d-en-s‚- U-]yq-ń- sk-I-´-dn,-

dn-t^mw-kv- I-Ωo-j-W¿- F-∂o- \n-e-I-fn¬-tPm-en- t\m-°n.- kzm-X-¥ym-\-¥-cw- B-`y-¥-c- a-¥n- k¿-Zm¿- ]-t´-en-s\- \m-´p-cm-Py-h-Ip-∏p- sk-I-´-dn-sb-∂- \n-e-bn¬- \m-´p-cm-Py-ß-fp-sS- kw-tbm-P-\-Øn-\p- h-ew-ssI-bm-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.- 1951¬- H-do-k- K-h¿-W-dm-bn- \n-b-an-X-\m-bn.- K-h¿-W¿- ]-Z-hn-bn-se-Øn-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn-bm-Wv- hn.-]n.-ta-t\m-≥. Story of the Integration of IndianStates, Transfer of Power in India F∂ohAt±lw cNn® ]pkvXIßfmWv.

1965 Unkw_¿ 31˛\v A¥cn®p.

sI._n.tat\m≥(1897˛1966)

1897˛¬ sNdpXpcpØnbnse Hcp]pcmX\- X-d-hm-Sm-b- tIm-∂-\m-Øv- P-\n-®p.-lm¿-hm¿-Uv- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bn¬- s]m-^-k-dm-bn- tPm-en- t\m-°-sh,- A-hn-sS- D-]-cn-]-T-\-Øn-s\-Øn-b- P-b-]-Im-iv- \m-cm-b-Wn-s\- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- kzm-[o-\-X-bm¬- tPm-en- D-t]-£n-®v- C-¥y-bn-se-Øn- kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬- A-Wn-tN-cp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- A-[y-£-\m-bp-≈- ]u-c-kzm-X-¥y- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- sk-I-´-dn-bm-bn.- \m-´p-cm-Py- ]-Pm-k-

tΩ-f-\-Øn-s‚- ap-J-]-X-am-b- "-tÃ-‰v-kv- ]o-∏n-fn-'-s‚- ]-Xm-[n-]-cm-bpw- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.- Izn-‰n-¥ym-k-a-c-Im-e-Øv- a-e-_m-dn-se- k-a-c-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ-°v- t\-Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-b- A-t±-lw-Io-g-cn-bq¿- t_mw-_v- tI-kn¬- H-∂mw-]-Xn-bm-bn.- 1952˛¬- Xr-Øm-e-bn¬- P-bn-®v- a-Zm-kv- \n-b-a-k- mw-K-am-bn. 1957˛¬- h-S-I-c-bn¬-\n-∂v- tem-Iv-k-`mw-Kw.- 1965˛¬- sIm-bn-em-≠n-bn¬-\n-∂v- tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k- -bn-te-°v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-s´-¶n-epw- A-Ø-h-W- k-`-tN¿-∂n-√.-

1966˛¬- A-¥-cn®p.

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 11

1. In certain code ‘SOLVED’ is written as‘LOSVDE’ . How ‘WEIGHT’ will be writtenin that code?(a) EIGHTW (b) IEWGTH(c) TIGHEW (d) WITHEG

2. Which one of the following does notbelong to the group? Heavy, High,Short,Low,Tall(a)Heavy (b) High(c) Short (d) Low

3. Which one of the given responses wouldbe a meaningful words in ascendingorder? (1) Patient (2) Diagnosis (3) Bill(4) Doctor (5) Treatment(a) 4,1,2,3,5 (b) 1,4,2,3,5(c) 1,4,3,2,5 (d) 1,4,2,5,3

4. Which is different from others?(a) (48,6) (b) (21,7)(c) (24,3) (d) (56,7)

5. Find next in the series: QPOS, RQPT,SRQU,?(a) TRSU (b) TRWS(c) TSRW (d) TSRV

6. Receptionist: Office:: Hostess:?(a) Crew (b) Host(c) Airport (d) Aircraft

7. If 3=6, 4=7, 5=8; then 6=?(a) 4 (b) 8

Test of Reasoning(c) 9 (d) 12

8. EGIK: LJHF:: SUWY:?(a) ZXVT (b) LNPR(c) MOQS (d) TVXZ

9. Unscramble the following words and findthe odd one out:(a) RIEGT (b) IOLN(c) RTOARP (d) BIBTRA

10. Bulb: Fuse:: Life:?(a) Rebirth (b) Death(c) Years (d) Longevity

11. A man starts from a point and walks 2kmstowards north. He turns right and walks3km. Then he turns left and travels 2km.The direction now he is facing is:(a) East (b) West(c) South (d) North

12. If CAT is coded as DEBCUV, then DOGis equivalent to:(a) VUCBED (b) CBEDUV(c) EFPQHI (d) EFIJKL

13. Girija was standing next to her friend infront of a woman’s painting. She told herfriends, “I have no brothers or sisters. Thiswoman’s mother is my mother’s daughter”.Who was on the painting?(a)Her daughter (b) Her mother(c) Herself (d) Her grand daughter

14. If ‘5’ is related to ‘36’ in the same way, ‘6’is related to:(a) 48 (b) 50(c) 49 (d) 56

15. Find the next term in the series:KPA,LQB,MRC,NSD,.......(a) OET (b) OTE(c) TOE (d) EOT

16. Minu in an evening was standing facinga pole. If her shadow is to her left, whichdirection she was facing?(a) North (b) South(c) West (d) East

17. P is Q’s brother. R is Q’s mother. S is R’sfather. T is S’s mother. How is P related to T?(a) Grand-daughter (b) Great-Grandson(c) Grandson (d) Grandmother

18. Find out the odd set:(a) ABZY (b) BCYX(c) CDVW (d) DEWV

19. Peace: Chaos:: Creation:?(a) Build (b) Construction(c) Destruction (d) Manufacture

20. Life: Death:: Beginning: ?(a) Era (b) End(c) Time (d) Commerce

21. Which one of the given responses wouldbe a meaningful words in ascending

order? 1. Cure 2. Doctor 3. Disease 4.Diagnosis 5. Medicine(a) 2,4,3,5,1 (b) 3,2,4,5,1(c) 4,2,3,5,1 (d) 4,3,2,1,5

22. Select the one which is different fromothers:(a) Carbon (b) Graphite(c) Diamond (d) Gold

23. If SMART is coded as TNBSU thenPENCIL is equivalent to:(a) QRAMJ (b) TFORLM(c) QICNEM (d) QFODJM

24. A man walks 30m towards south. Thenturning to his right , he walks 30m. Thenturning to his left, he walks 20m, againhe turns to his left and walks 30m. Howfar is he from the initial position?(a) 20m (b) 30m(c) 60m (d) None of these

25. Find the odd one out from the givenalternatives:(a) Insurance (b) Provident Fund(c) Salary (d) Shares

Answers1(b) 2(a) 3(d) 4(b) 5(d) 6(d) 7(c) 8(a) 9(c)10(b) 11(d) 12(c) 13(a) 14(c) 15(b) 16(b) 17(b)18(c) 19(c) 20(b) 21(b) 22(d) 23(d) 24(a) 25(c)

1. If 28 men can complete a work in 16 days,how many days will 8 men take tocomplete that work?(a) 14 (b) 48(c) 56 (d) 128

2. Jessy spent Rs.12000 on medicalexpenses , Rs.4600 on goods, Rs.8200on air tickets and the remaining 20% onsavings. What is her total income?(a) Rs.28000 (b) Rs.24800(c) Rs.31000 (d) Cannot bedetermined

3. The cost price of an article is Rs.450. Ifa shopkeeper gains 20% profit even aftera discount of 10%, find the market priceof the article:(a) Rs.600 (b) Rs.585(c) Rs.575 (d) Rs.540

4. The difference between a number and itstwo thirds is 78. What is the number?(a) 156 (b) 117(c) 234 (d) Data inadequate

5. Ten years ago, the ages of A and B were inthe ratio 13:17 respectively. 17 years fromnow the respective ratio of their ages willbe 10:11. What is the age of B at present?(a) 23 (b) 40(c) 27 (d) 44

6. The average age of a man and his son is54 years. The ratio of their ages is 23:13respectively. What will be the ratio of theirages after 6 years?(a) 10:7 (b) 5:3(c) 4:3 (d) 3:2

7. The average of 11 numbers is 10.8. If theaverage of first 6 numbers is 10.4 and thelast six is 11.5, then the middle number is:

Quantitative Aptitude(a) 10.3 (b) 12.6(c) 13.5 (d) 15.5

8. The difference in the simple interest andcompound interest on a certain amountfor 2 years at 6% per annum is Rs.3600.Find the amount:(a) 10,00,000 (b)50,000(c) 1,00,000 (d) 5,00,000

9. The cost price : selling price of an articleis A:B. If B is 200% of A then thepercentage of profit on cost price is:(a) 75% (b) 125%(c) 100% (d) 200%

10. A canteen requires 42 dozen bananas aweek. How many dozen bananas it willrequire for 30 days?(a) 2160 (b) 1800(c) 180 (d) 1260

11. What is the compound interest accruedon an amount of Rs.8500 in two years @interest 10 % per annum?(a) Rs.1875 (b) Rs.1885(c) Rs.1775 (d) Rs.1785

12. A mother is three times the age of thedaughter. Four years back, the daughterwas one fourth the age of the father. Ifthe father is four years older than themother, what is the age of the daughter?(a) 15 (b) 16(c) 17 (d) 118

13. A sum of money is divided among A,B,Cand D in the ratio of 4:5:7:11 respectively.If the share of C is Rs.1351, then what isthe total amount of money of A and Dtogether?(a) 2123 (b) 2316(c) 2565 (d) 2895

14. The average age of 10 members of acricket team is 30 years. If the age of thecaptain is included there is an increaseof one year in the average. What is theage of the captain?(a) 31 (b) 41(c) 51 (d) 40

15. In a test a candidate attempted only 15questions and secured full marks in all ofthem. If he obtains 60% marks in thetest and all the questions in the testcarried equal marks, the number ofquestions in the test is:(a) 20 (b) 25(c) 27 (d) 30

16. The average age of a woman and herdaughter is 44 years. Their ages are inthe ratio 5:3. What will be the respectiveratio of their ages after 11 years?(a) 2:1 (b) 4:3(c) 2:3 (d) 3:2

17. A student needs 35% marks to pass anexamination. He got 250 marks and failedby 30 marks. Then, what is the total marks?(a) 800 (b) 1000(c) 620 (d) 720

18. Of the three numbers , whose average is60, the first is one fourth of the others.The first number is:(a) 30 (b) 36(c) 42 (d) 45

19. A and B started a business investingamounts of Rs.150000 and 250000respectively. What will be B’s share inthe profit of Rs.160000?(a) Rs.100000 (b) Rs.60000(c) Rs.80000 (d) Rs.110000

20. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 6and 144 respectively. If one of the numberis 18, what is the other number?(a) 48 (b) 36(c) 24 (d) 150

21. The cost of 10 chairs and 15 tables isRs.15525. What is the cost of 8 chairsand 12 tables?(a) Rs.13560 (b) Rs.12420(c) Rs.14840 (d) Cannot be determined

22. A dealer allows 10% discount on a shelfwith marked price of Rs.5000 and heearns a profit of 20%. What was the costprice of the shelf?(a) 5625 (b) 4625(c) 3750 (d) 4090

23. In a girl’s hostel everyone possesseseither cell phone or scooter or both. If 90%of the girls owns a cell phone and 15%owns a scooter, what is the percentageof cell owners who also own scooters?(a) 10 (b) 5(c) 15 (d) 20

24. What percent of a kilogram is 12 gram?(a) 0.12% (b) 12%(c) 1.2% (d) 0.012%

25. The average age of a woman and herdaughter is 16 years. The ratio of theirage is 7:1. What is the women’s age?(a) 28 (b) 6(c) 4 (d) 32

Answers1 (c) 2(c) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5(c) 6(b) 7(b) 8(a) 9(c)10(c) 11(d) 12(b) 13(d) 14(b) 15(b) 16(d) 17(a)18(b) 19(a) 20(a) 21(b) 22(c) 23(b) 24(c) 25(a)

Degree Level

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

abn¬* Gjy-bnepw B^n-°-bn-ep-amWv abn-ep-Isf (Peafowl) s]mXpth I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

Gjy≥ abn-ens‚ c≠n-\-ß-fmWv \oe abnepw (C-¥y≥ abn¬) ]® abn-epw.* tZiob ]£n-bmb C¥y≥ abn-ens‚ imkvX-\maw ]mthm InÃm-‰kv ( Pavo chistatus).

]® abn¬ (]mthm ap‰n-I-kv) Hcp A]q¿h C\-am-Wv. CXv Ak-anepw Ct¥m-\n-jy-bnse Pmhm Zzo]nepw aym≥a-dnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. UmK¨]£n F∂pw CXv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. a[y-B-^n-°-bn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ C\-amWv tImwtKm abn¬ (B-t^m-]mthmsIm¨sP≥kn-kv).

* B¨ abnemWv \rØw sNømdp≈Xv. Bä-bnepw (]o-tIm-°v) s]ä-bnepw (]o-sl≥) XΩn¬ cq]-Øn¬ hfsc hyXym-k-ap-≠v. Bä-bn-ep-Iƒ°v \o≠ h¿Wm-`-amb ]oen-Iƒ D≠v. CXmWv hmembn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. s]ä-bn-en\v \o≠ ]oenC√. hf-sc-°p-d®p Zqcw amXta abn-en\p ]d-°m\m-hp-≈q. tIƒhn-˛-ImgvN i‡nhfsc kq£va-am-Wv. abn-ep-Iƒ ani-`p-°p-I-fm-Wv.

* tIcfØn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ G‰hpw henb ]£nbmWv abn¬.* C¥y≥ abn-ens\ sIm√p-∂Xpw ]oen ico-c-Øn¬ AWn-bp-∂Xpw h\y-Pohn kwc-£-

W-\n-b-a-]-Imcw Ip‰-I-c-am-Wv.* `mc-Xob ]pcmWßfn¬ kp_aWys‚ hml\w abnemWv. io-Ir-jvW-s‚ Inco-S-Ønepw

abn¬∏o-en-bp-≠v.

]d-h-I-fpsS hnkvabtemIw

`w-Kn-bp-≈- cq-]w-sIm-≠pw- kz-c-am-[p-cn-sIm-≠pw- A-\p-Kr-lo-X-am-b- Po-hn-h¿-K-am-Wv- ]-£n-Iƒ.- Np-dp-Np-dp-°n-s‚-bpw-km-a¿-Yy-Øn-s‚-bpw- I-Tn-\-]-b-Xv-\-Øn-s‚-bpw- I-Y-Iƒ- ]-£n-Iƒ-°p-ap-≠v.- Zo¿-L-Zq-c- k-©m-cn-I-sf-bpw- hn-cp-∂p-Im-sc-bpw- Iu-i-e-°m-sc-bpw- a-Sn-b-≥am-sc-bpw- C-°q-´-Øn¬- Im-Wm-≥ km-[n-°pw.- ]-d-h-I-fp-sS- hn-kv-a-b-tem-I-am-Wv- Cu- e-°-Øn¬- hn-i-Z-am-bn- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-

B¿.-kn.-kp-tc-jvIp-am¿ [email protected]

* ]£n-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\w- Hm¿-Wn-tØm-f-Pn.-*- -]-£n-I-tfm-Sp-≈- t]-Sn-bm-Wv- Hm¿-Wn-tØm-t^m-_n-b.-*- -]-£n-I-fp-sS- ap-≥Km-an-I-fm-Wv- B¿-°n-tbm-]v-s‰-d-nIvkv

(Archaeopteryx).* ]£n-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- £-a-X- Ip-d-™- C-µn-bw- Lm-

tW-µn-b-am-Wv.-*- -]-£n-I-fp-sS- lr-Z-b-Øn-se- A-d-I-fp-sS- F-Æw- \m-ev.-*- -]-£n-I-fp-sS- A-ÿn-I-fp-sS- Dƒ-`m-Kw- s]m-≈-bm-Wv.-

C-Xv- Im-c-Ww- `m-cw- Ip-d-bp-∂-Xn-\pw- A-Xp-h-gn- ]-d-°p-∂-Xn-\v- k-lm-b-I-am-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-

*- -sX¿-t]m-Uv- Zn-t\m-k-dp-I-fn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- ]-£n-Iƒ- D-cp-Øn-cn-™-sX-∂m-Wv- im-kv-X-⁄-cp-sS- \n-K-a-\w.-

*- -]-£n-I-sf- ]m-Sm-≥ k-lm-bn-°p-∂- A-h-b-h-am-Wv- kn-dn-≥Iv-k-v (Syrinx).

* -G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- Im-ep-I-fp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wv- I-cn-©n-d-I-≥ ]-hn-g-°m-en.- C-¥y-bn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b- Im-ep-≈-Xv- k-c-k-≥sIm-°n-\m-Wv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- sIm-°p-≈ (beak)]£n- Hm-kv-tS-en-b-≥ s]-en-°-≥ B-Wv- (18.-5 C-©v-).-

*- -t^m-kn¬- sd-t°m¿-Uv- ]-Im-cw- `q-ap-J-Øv- C-∂p-h-sc-D-≠m-bn-´p-≈- ]-£n-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- h-ep-Xv- a-U-Km-kv-I-dn¬- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂- hw-i-\m-iw- kw-`-hn-®- B-\-∏-£n-A-Y-hm- F-en- -‚ v- t_-Uv (Elephant Bird)BWv. 300h¿-jw- ap-ºm-Wv- A-h-km-\-sØ- ]-£n- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.-

*- -\yq-kn-e-‚n¬- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xpw- 200 h¿-jw- ap-ºv- hw-i-\m-iw- kw-`-hn-®-h-bp-am-b- P-b-‚ v- tam-h (Giant Moa)BWv- C-Xp-h-sc- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂- ]-£n-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b-Xv.-

*- -th-´-bm-Sp-∂- ]-£n-I-f-n¬ (birds of prey) G‰-hpw- `m-cw- Iq-Sn-b-Xv- B-≥Un-b-≥ tIm-≠m-d-pw (Andean Con-dor) G‰hpw- h-ep-∏-ap-≈-Xv- bq-td-jy-≥ ªm-°v- hƒ-®-dpw- (Eurasian Black Vulture) BWv.- C-Xn-\v- 14 In-tem-Kmw- h-sc- `m-c-hpw- 100 ap-X¬- 120 sk.-ao.-h-sc- \o-f-hpw- F-´p-ap-X¬- ]-Ø-Sn-h-sc- Nn-d-Ip-ho-Xn-bpw- D-≠v.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- ho-Xn-bn¬- (12 A-Sn-)- Nn-d-Ip-hn-cn-bv-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wv- B¬-_-tSm-kv (Albatross ). G‰hpw-km-h-[m-\-Øn¬- ]m-b-]q¿-Øn-bm-Ip-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv-

tdm-b¬- hm-≥U-dn-Mv- B¬-_-tSm-kv (Royal and Wan-dering Albatross).

* G-‰-hpw- h-ep-∏w- Iq-Sn-b- I-S¬-∏-£n-bp-am-Wv- hm-≥U-dn-Mv- B¬-_-tSm-kv (Wandering Albatross).

* B¬_-tSm-kv- I-∏-en-s\- ]n-¥p-S-cp-∂-Xv- ip-`-kq-N-I-am-sW-∂pw- A-Xn-s\- D-]-Z-hn-®m¬- X-ßƒ-°v- Zp-tcym-K-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-∂pw- \m-hn-I-cp-sS- C-S-bn¬- hn-izm-k-ap-≠v.-tIm-f-dn-Uv-Pn-s‚- "-B-≥jy-‚ v- a-ssd-\¿-'- Cu- ]-ta-bw-B-kv-]-Z-am-°n-bp-≈- Im-hy-am-Wv.-

*- -B¬-_-tSm-kn-\v- h-f-sc- Zq-cw- A-¥-co-£-Øn-eq-sS- hn-i-a-an-√m-sX- ]-d-°m-\v- I-gn-bpw.- C-h- sh-≈-Øn-\p- ap-I-fn-en-cp-∂-d-ßp-∂p.- sN-dn-b- I-S¬-Po-hn-I-fm-Wv- B-lm-cw.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Zq-cw- tZ-im-S-\w- \-S-Øm-≥ I-gn-hp-≈-]-£n-bm-Wv- B¿-ń-Iv- tS-¨ (Artctic Tern).

* Hm-K-Ãv,- sk-]v-Xw-_¿- am-k-ß-fn-em-Wv- B¿-Sn-Iv- tS-¨-D-Ø-c-[p-h-ta-J-e-bn-se- Ko-≥em-≥Un¬-\n-∂v- bm-X- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv.- Z-£n-W- [p-h-Øn-se- sh-U¬- I-S-em-Wv- e-£yw.- \m-e-©p-am-kw- C-hn-sS- sN-e-h-gn-®-ti-jw- a-S-°-bm-X- Xp-S-ßpw.- sa-bv,- Pq-¨- am-k-ß-fn¬- kz-tZ-i-Øv- Xn-cn-s®-Øp-∂- ]-£n- C-Xn-\-Iw- 71000 In-tem-ao-‰¿- ]n-∂n-ń-´p-≠m-Ipw.-

*- -a-c-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Iq-Sp-≠m-°p-∂- ]-£n- _mƒ-Uv- Cu-Kn-ƒ (Bald Eagle). G‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-cp-Øp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.- A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ]-£n-bm-Wv- _mƒ-Uv- Cu-Knƒ.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- _p-≤n-bp-≈- ]-£n- ªq- ‰n‰v (Blue Tit).* ]£n-I-fn¬- "-]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- tXm-ń-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xv- Im-° (Crow). tIc-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.- q-´m-s‚- tZ-io-b- ]-£n- Im-°-bm-Wv.- ]-£n-h¿-K-Øn¬- i-co-c-h-ep-∏-sØ- A-t]-£n-®v- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- sk-dn-_¬- sl-an-kv-^n-b-dp-Iƒ- (a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw-)- D-≈-Xv- Im-°-bv-°m-Wv.-

*- -Im-°-bp-sS- ]-[m-\-i-Xp- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- B-\-dm-©n.-*- -hw-i-\m-iw- kw-`-hn-®- tUm-tUm- ]-£n-bp-sS- kz-tZ-iw-

au-do-jy-kv.- Cu- ]-£n-sb-°p-dn-®v- "-B-eo-kv- C-≥ h-≠¿-em-≥Uv-'- F-∂- eq-bn- I-tcm-fn-s‚- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬-]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.- tUm-tUm-bv-°v- ]-d-°m-≥ I-gn-hn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- ]-Xn-t\-gmw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- A-h-km-\-tØm-

sS-bm-Wv- C-h-bv-°v- hw-i-\m-iw- kw-`-hn-®-Xv.-*- -k-tµ-i-hm-l-I-cm-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv- ]mhv

(Dove).* kam-[m\Øns‚ ]XoIambn (Symbol of Peace)

]mhn-s\- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- Nn-X-Im-c-\m-Wv- ]m-tªm- ]n-°m-tkm.-

*- -]m-hn-s\- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- k-tµ-i-ßƒ- ssI-am-dp-∂- kw-hn-[m-\w- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w- H-do-k.-

*- -]m-ep¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- ]-£n- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- ]m-hm-Wv.-

*- -H-∂pw- c-≠pw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤-Im-e-Øv- X-]m-en-\v- D-]-tbm-Kn-®- ]-£n- ]m-hm-Wv.-

*- - ]m -hv - ap -´ - hn -cn -bm -≥ 18 Zn -hkw (IncubationPeriod)Bhiy-am-Wv.-

*- -"-]-£n-I-fp-sS- cm-Pm-hv-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- ]-cp-¥-v(Eagle). almhn-jv-Wp-hn-s‚- hm-l-\-am-bn- ]p-cm-W-ß-fn¬- Nn-Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv- K-cp-U-s\-bm-Wv.-

*- -]-cp-¥n-s\- `-£n-°p-∂- a-‰v- ar-K-ß-fn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬- `-£y-iyw-J-e-bp-sS (Food Chain) G‰-hpw- ap-I-fn-em-Wv-C-h-bp-sS- ÿm-\w.-

*- -D-b-c-Øn¬- c-≠mw- ÿm-\-Øp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wv- F-ap-(Emu). ico-c-h-ep-∏-hp-am-bn- Xm-c-X-ayw- sN-øp-tºmƒ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ap- - F-ap-hn-s‚-Xm-Wv.- ]-®- \n-d-am-Wv- ap- -bv-°v.- Hm-kv-tS-en-b-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ]-£n- F-ap-hm-Wv.- F-ap-hn-s‚- Im-ep-I-fn¬- aq-∂v- hn-c¬- ho-X-am-Wp-≈-Xv.-

*- ]-]-©-\n-b-a-Øn¬- A-\n-hm-cy- ]-In-b-bm-b- ]-cn-Wm-a-Øn-\v (evolution)hnt[-b-cm-ImØ GI ]£n-bmWv Fap.

* Hmkv-tS-en-b-bn-em-Wv- F-ap- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- B-¨-]-£n-bm-Wv- ap-´-bv-°v- A-S-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- C-d-®n,- ap-´,- Xp-I¬,- F-Æ- F-∂n-h-bv-°m-bn- C-h-sb- h-f¿-Øp-∂p.- F-ap-hn-s‚- ap-Xp-In¬- A-Sn-™p-Iq-Sp-∂- sIm-gp-∏v- D-cp-°n-bm-Wv- F-Æ- F-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.- C-Xv- ku-µ-cy-h-kv-Xp-°-fn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.-

*- -`m-c-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- c-≠m-a-sØ- h-en-b- ]-£n- k-tX- - Im-tkm-hcnbmWv (Southern Cassovary).Fap,- H- -I-∏-£n- F-∂n-h-bp-am-bn- km-Zr-iyw- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂p.- In-g-°-≥ Hm-kv-tS-en-b,- \yq-Kn-\n-b- F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬- I-≠p-h-cp-∂p.-

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 13

s]-≥Kzn-≥* Nnd-Ip-Iƒ- \o-¥m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- ]-£n-bm-

Wv- s]-≥Kzn-≥.- B-¨- s]-≥Kzn-\p-Iƒ- Im¬-]m-Z-Øn-\p-ap-I-fn¬-h-®v- ap-´- hn-cn-bn-°p-∂p.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Xm-gv-∂- Du-jv-am-hn¬- Po-hn-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n- F-º-d¿- s]-≥Kzn-≥.- G-‰-hpw- B-g-Øn¬- ap-ßm-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-bpw- F-º-d¿- s]-≥Kzn-\m-Wv. Xq-h-en-s‚- km-µ-X- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b-]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.-

*- -s]≥Kzn-s‚- hm-k-ÿ-e-am-Wv- "-dq-°-dn-'- (Rookery).* G‰hpw \∂mbn \o¥p∂ ]£n s]≥-Kzn-\m-Wv.

G‰hpw thK-Øn¬ \o¥p∂ ]£n-bmWv sK≥Sqs]≥Kzn≥ (Gentoo Penguin).

* \o¥m-≥ I-gn-hp-s≠-¶n-epw- ]-d-°m-≥ I-gn-hn-√m-Ø- G-I- ]-£n-bm-Wv- s]-≥Kzn-≥.-

*- -\n-h¿-∂p-\-S-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- H-tc-sbm-cp- ]-£n-s]-≥Kzn-\m-Wv.-

*- -Z-£n-Wm¿-[-tKm-f-Øn¬,- ]-tXy-In-®v- A-‚m¿-ń-°-bn¬- am-Xw- Im-Wp-∂- Po-hn-bm-Wv- s]-≥Kzn-≥.-

* G‰hpw- h-ep-∏-ap-≈-Xpw- m-cw- Iq-Sn-b-Xp-am-b- ]-£n-bm-Wv- H-´-I-∏£n (Ostrich). H´-I-∏-£n-°v- ]-d-°m-≥ I-gn-hn-√.- C-Xn-s‚- im-kv-X-\m-aw- kv-Sp-Xn-tbm-I-ta-e-kv (Struthio camelus). acp-`q-an-bn-em-Wv- H-´-I-∏-£n-Iƒ- Iq-Sp-X-em-bpw- Po-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- B-^n-°-bn¬- C-h- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p.- C-d-®n-°pw- ap- -bv-°p-am-bn- H- -I-∏-£n-I-sf- h-f¿-Øm-dp-≠v.-C-Xn-s‚- Xq-h-epw- N¿-a-hpw- A-e-¶m-c-]-Wn-Iƒ-°v-D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v.-

* G‰hpw- th-K-Øn-tem-Sm-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-bm-b- H--I-∏-£n-bm-Wv- c-≠p- Im-en¬- Hm-Sp-∂- Po-hn-I-fn¬-

G-‰-hpw- th-Kw- Iq-Sn-b-Xv.- "-kv-]m-tcm- Iym-a¬-'- (SparrowCamel) F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.- ]-£n-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- B-bp- p-Iq-Sn-b-Xv- H- -I-∏-£n-bm-Wv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- h-ep-∏-ap-≈- ap-´-bn-Sp-∂- ]-£n- H-´-I-∏-£n-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- i-co-c-h-ep-∏-hp-am-bn- Xm-c-X-ayw-sN-øp-tºmƒ- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- ap-´-bn-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.- H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-sS- ap-´-bv-°v- H-∂-c- In-tem-Km-tam-fw- `m-c-ap-≠m-Ipw.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- I-ń- Iq-Sn-b- tXm-Sp--≈- ap-´- H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-

tS-Xm-Wv.- B-¨-]-£n-bpw- s]-¨-]-£n-bpw- am-dn-am-dn- A-S-bn-cn-°pw.- "-A-S-bn-cn-°p-∂- A-—-≥'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n- H-´-I-∏-£n-bm-Wv.-

*- -H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-sS- Im-en¬- c-≠p- hn-c-ep-I-tf-bp-≈p,-G-‰-hpw- i-‡n-bm-bn- sXm-gn-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.-

*- -I-c-bn-se- I-ti-cp-In-I-fn¬- (vertebrates) G-‰-hpw-h-en-b- I-Æv- H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.- X-e-t®m-dn-s\-°mƒ- h-en-b- I-Æp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- B-bp- p-≈- ]-£n,- ,- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b- ]-£n,- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Ir-jv-W-a-Wn-bp-≈- ]-£n- F-∂o- ]-tXy-I-X-Iƒ- H-´-I-∏-£n-°p-kz-¥-am-Wv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- G-I-tIm-iw- H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-sS- ap-´-bp-sS- a-™-°-cp- (yolk) B-Wv.- G-‰-hpw- h-ep-∏-ap-≈- Np-h-∂- c-‡m-Wp (red blood corpuscles)- D-≈-]-£n- H-´-I-∏-£n-bm-Wv.-

*- -H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-sS- ap-´-tØm-Sv- I-e-lm-cn- a-cp-`q-an-bn-se- _p-jv-sa-≥ hn-`m-K-°m¿- P-ew-kq-£n-°p-∂- P-§p-I-fm-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.-

H- -I-∏£n

*- -tIm-gn- I-gn-™m¬- C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-f¿-Øp-∂- ]-£n- Xm-dm-hv (Duck)BWv.- I-c-bn-epw- sh-≈-Øn-epw- C-c-tX-Sm-\pw- k-©-cn-°m-\pw- C-h-bv-°v- I-gn-hp-≠v.- ]m-S- t]m-ep-≈- N¿-aw- hn-c-ep-Iƒ- X-Ωn¬- tbm-Pn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- C-Xv- th-K-Øn¬- \o-¥m-≥ k-lm-bn-°p-∂p.- Xm-dm-hv- A-S-bn-cn-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬- tIm-gn-ap- -tbm-sSm-∏w- h-®m-Wv- ap-´-Iƒ- hn-cn-bn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.- Xm-dm-hn-s‚- ap-´- hn-cn-bm-≥ 28 Zn-h-kw- th-Ww.- tI-c-f-Øn¬-Xm-dm-hv- h-f¿-Ø¬- tI-µw- \n-c-W-Øm-Wv.-

*- -k-ky-Øn-s‚-bpw- P-¥p-hn-s‚-bpw- kz-`m-h- hn-ti-j-ß-fp-≈- Po-hn-bm-Wv- bq-•n\ (Euglina).

* Iq-Sp-≠m-°m-sX- a-c-s°m-ºn¬- ap- -bn-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv-s^-b-dn- tS-¨.- Z-£n-W- ]-›n-a- ]-k-^n-Iv- B-Wv- C-h-bp-sS- kz-tZ-iw.-

*- -i-Xp-°-fn¬-\n-∂v- c-£-s∏-Sm-≥ Xp-∏p-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv-^mƒ-aƒ.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- ^v-fm-anw-tKm- (A-c-b-∂-s°m-°v-)- ]-£n-I-sf- Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bp-∂-Xv- Kp-P-dm-Øn-se- dm-¨- Hm-^v-I-®n-em-Wv.- C-Xn-s‚- sIm-°p-Iƒ- sN-dp-Xpw- Xm-dm-hn-t‚-Xp-t]m-se- ]-c-∂-Xp-am-Wv.- R-≠v,- I-°- Xp-S-ßn-b-Po-hn-I-sf- sh-≈-Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-cn-®p-]n-Sn-°m-\p-X-Ip-∂-X-c-Øn¬- C-h-bp-sS- Np-≠n¬- A-cn-∏- t]m-se- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- ]-S-e-ß-fp-≠v.- B- -]-£n-bpw- s]- -]-£n-bpw- am-dn-am-dn- ap-∏-Xv- Zn-h-kw- A-S-bn-cp-∂v- ap-´- hn-cn-°p-∂p.- Im-kv-]n-b-≥ I-S¬,- t]¿-jy-≥ Dƒ-°-S¬,- Z-£n-Wm-^n-°- F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-epw- C-h- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

*- -a-\p-jy-≥ C-W-°n- h-f¿-Øn-b- B-Zy-sØ- ]-£n-bm-Wv-h-mØ (Geese). CXv- A-c-b-∂w.- Xm-dm-hv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-sS- Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.-

*- -]-d-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- h-ep-X- v- tK-‰v- _-Ãm¿-Uv (Great Bustard).

* tIc-f-Øn-s‚- kw-ÿm-\- ]-£n-bm-Wv- a-e-ap-g-°n- th-gm-º-¬ (Hornbill). C-Xv- a-te-jy-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ]-£n-bm-Wv.-

*- -]n-∂n-tem-´v- ]-d-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wv- l-Ωnw-Kv-]-£-n (Humming Bird-).- G-‰-hpw- h-ep-∏w-Ip-d-™- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.- l-Ωnw-Kv- ]-£n-I-fp-sS- \m-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- Sn-\n-Um-Uv.- i-co-c-h-ep-∏-hp-am-bn- Xm-c-X-ayw-sN-øp-tºmƒ- G-‰-hpw- h-ep-∏-ap-≈- a-kv-Xn-jv-I-ap-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.-

*- -l-Ωn-ßv- ]-£n-bp-sS- lr-Z-b-an-Sn-∏v- \n-c-°v- an-\n- n¬- 1000]m-h-iy-Øn¬- Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv.-

*- -tX-\o-®-°q-ń¬- ap-´-bn-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv- s]m-≥a-m≥(Kingfisher).

* LmW-i‡n (power of olefaction)G‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- ]-£n-bm-Wv- In-h-n (Kiwi). G‰-hpw- Im-gv-N-i-‡n- Ip-d-™- ]-£n-bpw- In-hn-bm-Wv.- \yq-kn-em-≥Un-em-Wv- In-hn- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- B- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- tZ-io-b- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.-

*- -Nn-d-Ip-I-fn-√m-Ø- ]-£n-bm-Wv- In-hn.-

*- -cm-Xn-bn-em-Wv- In-hn- ]-[m-\-am-bpw- C-c- tX-Sp-∂-Xv.- C-c-sb- a-W-Øm-Wv- I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xv.- C-Xn-\m-bn- Np-≠n-s‚-A-‰-Øm-bn- \m-km-Zzm-c-ßƒ- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p.- Cu- co-Xn-bn¬- C-c- ]n-Sn-°p-∂- ]-£n-Iƒ- A-]q¿-h-am-Wv.- B-¨-In-fn-Iƒ- D-≠m-°p-∂- i-_v-Z-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- In-hn- F-∂- t]-cv- cq-]-s∏-´-Xv.- B-¨-In-fn-bpw- s]-¨-In-fn-bpw- X-Ωn¬- Im-cy-am-b- hy-Xym-k-ß-fn-√.- ]-Xyp¬-]m-Z-\- Im-e-Øv- am-X-ta- C-h- C-W-I-fm-bn- k-©-cn-°m-dp-≈p.-

*- -Im-°-°q-ń¬- ap-´-bn-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv- Ip-bn-¬ (Koelor Cuckoo). C¥y-≥ ]-£n-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- kw-Ko-X-]-c-am-bn- I-W-°m-°p-∂-Xv- Ip-bn-en-s\-bm-Wv.-

*- -Ip-bn-ep-I-fn¬- ]p-≈n-°p-bn-em-Wv- s]-¨-]-£n.- I-cn-¶p-bn-em-Wv- B-¨-]-£n.-

*- -"-Nn-cn-°p-∂- ]-£n-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- Ip-°m-_p-c-(Kookaburra). Hmkv-tS-en-b-bpw- \yq- Kn-\n-b-bp-am-Wv-kz-tZ-i-w.

* "hn-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚- ]-Xo-I-'-am-bn- I-W-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv- a-qß (Owl). G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-gp-Øv- Xn-cn-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv- (270 Un-Kn-).- c-≠p- I-Æp-I-fpw- ap-J-Øn-s‚- ap-≥`m-K-Øp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wn-Xv.-

*- -an-°- aq-ß-I-fpw- ]-I¬- hn-i-an-®v- cm-Xn- C-c- ]n-Sn-°p-∂- kz-`m-h-°m-cm-Wv.- sN-dn-b- k-kv-X-\n-Iƒ,- a-‰v- ]-£n-Iƒ- Xp-S-ßn-h-sb-bm-Wv- aq-ß-Iƒ- B-lm-c-am-°p-∂-Xv.-

*- -aq-ß-Iƒ- Im-W-s∏-Sm-Ø- `q-J-Wv-U-am-Wv- A-‚m¿-ń-°.-Ko-≥em-≥Un-s‚- an-°- `m-K-ß-fn-epw- Nn-e- hn-Zq-c- Zzo-]p-I-fn-epw- C-h-bp-sS- km-∂n-[y-an-√.-

*- -sP.-sI.- du-fn-Mn-s‚- "-lm-cn- t]m-´¿- ko-cn-kn-'-eq-sS- A-\-iz-c-am-°-s∏-´- ]-£n- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- aq-ß-sb- B-Wv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- an-I-®- tIƒ-hn-i-‡n-bp-≈- Po-hn- _m-¨- Hu-ƒ(Barn Owl). "Im-e-t¶m-gn-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- H-cn-\w-aq-ß-bm-Wv.- ]-tXy-I- kw-c-£-W-∏-ń-I-bn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂- aq-ß-bn-\-am-Wv- sh-≈n-aq-ß.-

*- -sIm-°n¬- k-©n- t]m-se- `m-K-ap-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wv- s]-en-°≥ (Pelican).

* G-‰-hpw- th-K-Øn¬- N-en-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-bm-Wv-s]-cn-Ko-≥ m¬-°¨ (Perigrine Falcon). `qan-bn-se-Po-hn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- th-K-Øn¬- N-en-°m-≥ I-gn-hp-≈-Xpw- Cu- ]-£n-°m-Wv.- a-Wn-°q-dn¬- 200 In-tem-ao-‰¿-h-

sc- th-K-Øn¬- N-en-°m-≥ C-h-bv-°v- I-gn-bpw.- ]-d-°-en-s‚- i-cm-i-cn- th-Kw- I-W-°n-se-Sp-Øm¬,- G-‰-hpw-th-K-Øn¬- ]-d-°p-∂- ]-£n- kzn-^v‰v (Swift) B-Wv.-

*- -temI-Øv- G-‰-hpw- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- Im-Wp-∂- ]-£n-kv-]o-jo-km-Wv- tImgn (Chicken).

* C¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h-f¿-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv- tIm-gn.-

*- -tIm-gn -sb- _m-[n-°p-∂- tcm-K-am-Wv- dm-Wn-tJXv(Ranikhet)tcm-Kw.- C-sXm-cp- ssh-d-kv- tcm-K-am-Wv.-tIm-gn-ap-´- hn-cn-bm-≥ 21 Zn-h-k-hpw- Im-S-ap-´- hn-cn-bm-≥18 Zn-h-k-hpw- th-Ww.-

*- -tIm-gn-I-sf- X-Ωn¬- A-¶w- sh-ń-°p-∂-Xv- hn-t\m-Z-hpw-hy-h-km-b-hpw- B-Wv.- C-Xn-\m-bn- ]-cn-io-en-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂- tIm-gn-I-sf- A-¶-t°m-gn-Iƒ- F-∂p- hn-fn-°p-∂p.- ssh-‰v-e-tKm-¨,- Kn-cn-cm-P-≥ F-∂n-h- tI-c-f-Øn¬- h-f¿-Øp-∂- k-¶-c-bn-\w- tIm-gn-I-fm-Wv.-

*- -"-A-ta-cn-°-≥ H-´-I-∏-£n-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- dn-b-(Rhea). Fap-hn-s‚-bpw- H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-sS-bpw- _-‘p-hm-b- dn-b-bp-sS- kz-tZ-iw- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bm-Wv.-

*- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- hm-´¿- û-ƒ (Waterfowl)F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- ayq-´v- kzm-≥ (Mute Swan).

* G‰hpw Db-c-Øn¬ ]d-°p∂ ]£n Igp-I-\mWv(Vulture)

* Igp-I-≥am-cn-√m-Ø- h-≥I-c-I-fm-Wv- Hm-kv-tS-en-b-bpw- A-‚m¿-ń-°-bpw.-

*- -]-d-°p-∂- I-gp-I-≥am-cp-sS- Iq-´-sØ- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- hm-°m-Wv- "-sI-‰-n¬' (kettle). ac-ß-fn¬- hn-i-an-°p-∂- I-gp-I-≥am-cp-sS- Iq- -sØ- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- hm-°p-I-fm-Wv- I-Ωn-‰n,-thmƒ- v,- sh-\-yp (committee, volt, venue)F∂n-h.-

*- -sk-]v-Xw-_-dn-se- B-Zy- i-\n-bm-gv-N- "-C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬-hƒ-®¿- A-h-b¿-s\-kv- tU-'- B-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂p.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- th-K-Øn¬- ]-d-°p-∂- ]-£n- A-ta-cn-°-≥ hp-Uv-tIm°v (American woodcock).

* "Im-ń-se- a-c-∏-Wn-°m-c-≥' (Carpenter of Forest) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n-bm-Wv- a-cw-sIm-Øn.- "-]-Ir-Xn- tjm-°v- A-_v-tkm¿-_¿- \¬-In- A-\p-K-ln-®- ]-£n-'- F-∂pw- C-Xv- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

*- -D-dp-ºn-≥Iq-ń¬- ap-´-bn-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv- sN-º-≥ a-cw-sIm-Øn-Iƒ-

14 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

Indian Polity

cmjvS]Xn \nebw, cmjvS]Xn \nhmkv

C-¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-‚n-s‚- A-[n-Im-c-ßƒ-\nb-a-\n¿am-Wm-[n-Im-c-ßƒ

]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ Ccp-k-`-Ifpw hnfn-®p-Iq-´p-∂-Xn\pwt]mtdmKv sNøp-∂-Xn\pw cmjvS-]-Xn°mWv A[n-Im-cw. c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°-\p-k-c-W-ambn][m-\-a¥n Xe-h-\m-bp≈ a¥n-k-`-bpsS D]-tZ-i-]-Imcw cmjvS-]-Xn°v temIvk` ]ncn-®p-hn-Sm≥ A[n-Im-c-ap≠v. GsX-¶nepw hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-ap-≈-]£w cm-jvS-]-Xn°v B¿ń-°n-ƒ 143 ]Imcw kp]owtImS-Xn-bpsS D]-tZiw tXSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

s]mXp Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p-tijw cmjvS-]Xn ]m¿e-sa‚ vktΩ-f\w DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂p. F√m h¿j-sØbpwBZy skj-s‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ cmjvS-]Xn C]-Imcwk`sb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXv ]kw-Kn-°pw.Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ]pXnb \b-ß-fpsS cq]-tc-J-bmWvXs‚ ]kw-K-Øn-eqsS cmjvS-]-Xn- hni-Z-am°p-∂-Xv.

]m¿e-sa‚ v ]mkm-°p∂ F√m _n√p-Ifpw cmjvS-]-Xn-bpsS A\p-aXn e`n-°p-∂-tXm-sS-bmWv \nb-a-am-Ip-∂-Xv. cmjvS-]-Xn-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\bv°v ka¿∏n-°p∂_n¬ cmjvS-]-Xn°v H∏n-Sp-Itbm ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ ]cn-K-W-\-bv°mbn Xncn-®-b-bv°p-Itbm sN-ømw. F∂m-¬ ]kvXpX _n¬ t`Z-KXn kln-Xtam A√m-sXtbmcmjvS-]-Xn°v ho≠pw ka¿∏n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ A\p-aXn \¬Im-sX AXv XS™ph-bv°m≥ Ign-bn-√. _n¬BZy-ambn ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ]-kn-U‚n\v _n¬ H∏n-SmsX ssIhiw kq£n°mw.CXns\bmWv t]m°‰v hot‰m F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

]m¿e-sa‚ v skj-\n¬ A√mØt∏mƒ ASn-b-¥-c-km-l-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn®v ]kn-U‚ v Kh¨sa‚n-\p-th≠n\S-Øp∂ \nba \n¿am-W-amWv Hm¿Un-\≥kp-Iƒ(B¿ń-°nƒ 123). CXn\v ]m¿e-sa‚ v ]mkm-°p∂ \nb-a-Øns‚ AtX km[pX D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Bdp-am-k-tØt°m ]m¿e-sa‚ v ktΩ-f\w Bcw-`n®v Bdm-gvN-h-sctbm Hm¿Un-\≥kn\v ]m_-ey-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.]m¿e-sa‚ v AwKo-I-cn-°mØ ]£w Hm¿Un-\≥kvBdp-amkw XnI-bp∂ apdbv°v kzta-[bm d±m-Ipw.

FIvkn-Iyp- ohv A[n-Im-c-ßƒ B¿ń-°nƒ 53 ]Imcw cmPy-Øns‚ FIvkn-Iyp-óhv

A[n-Imcw \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]kn-U‚n-em-Wv.]kvXpX A[n-Imcw `c-W-L-S-\bv°v A\p-k-c-W-ambn ]kn-U‚n\v t\cnt´m kt_m¿Un-t\-‰mb DtZym-K-ÿ-cn-eq-sStbm hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m-hp--∂-Xm-Wv. ][m-\-a¥n Xe-h-\m-bn´p≈ bqWn-b≥ Iym_n-\‰v ]kn-U‚ns\ At±-l-Øns‚ I¿Ø-hy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬klm-bn-°p-Ibpw Bh-iy-amb D]-tZ-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

\nb-a\ A[n-Im-c-ßƒ temIvk-`-bn¬ `qcn-]-£-ap≈ ]m¿ń-bpsStbm ap∂-

Wn-bp-sStbm t\Xm-hn-s\ ][m-\-a-¥n-bmbn \nb-an-°p-∂Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv. ][m-\-a-¥n-bpsS D]tZi]Im-c-amWv ]kn-U‚ v a¥n-k-`mw-K-ßsf \nb-an-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v hIp-∏p-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. ]kn-U‚ns‚ ]oXn-bp-≈ Ime-tØmfw a¥n-k--`mw-K-ßƒ ]Z-hn-bn¬ XpS-cpw.

kmln-Xyw, imkvXw, Ie, kmaq-lnI tkh\w F∂otaJ-e-I-fn¬ \n]pW-cmb 12 hy‡n-Isf Ah-cpsS khn-tij ]cn-⁄m-\hpw ]mtbm-KnI ]cn-N-bhpw ]cn-K-Wn®vcmPy-k- mw-K-ß-fmbn \nb-an-°p-∂-Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv.

kwÿm\ Kh¿W¿amsc \nb-an-°p-∂Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv. At‰m¿Wn P\-d¬, Iw]vtSm-f¿ B≥Uv HmUn-‰¿ P\-

d¬, No^v Ce-£≥ IΩn-j-W¿, Ce-£≥ IΩn-j-W¿am¿, tZiob a\p-jym-h-Imi IΩn-j≥ sNb¿am≥,AwK-ßƒ, No^v C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩn -j-W¿,C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩn-j-W¿am¿, bqWn-b≥ ]ªnIv k¿-hokv IΩn-j≥ sNb¿am≥, AwK-ßƒ, tIµ k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fpsS sshkv Nm≥k-e¿am¿ XpS-ßn-b-hsc\nb-an-°p-∂Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv.

][m-\-a¥n \¬Ip-∂ ]ńI ]-Imcw hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Aw_m-k-U¿amscbpw ssl°-Ωn-j-W¿amscbpw \nb-an-°p-∂Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv.

No^v Hm^v Zn B¿an Ãm^ns\bpw Ic-˛-\m-hn-I-˛-thyma tk\m ta[m-hn-I-sfbpw \nb-an-°p-∂Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv.

[\-Imcy A[n-Im-c-ßƒ ]kn-U‚ns‚ in]m¿i-tbmsS amXta aWn _n¬

]m¿e-sa‚n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ hm¿jnI kmº-ØnI ]kvXm-h\

AYhm _P‰v ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xv ]kn-U‚ns‚ t]cn-em-Wv.

A]-Xo-£n-X-amb sNe-hp-Iƒ°mbn ]kn-U‚n\vI≠n-P≥kn ^≠n-¬\n∂v ]Ww ]n≥hen-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tIµ-Øn\pw kwÿm-\-ßƒ°p-an-S-bn¬ \nIpXn hoXwhbv°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n-amb in]m¿i-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v A©p-h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ ^n\m≥kv IΩn-js\ \nb-an-°p-∂Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv.

\oXn-\ym-bm-[n-Im-c-ßƒ kp]ow tImS-Xn-bn-sebpw sslt°m-S-Xn-bn-sebpw

No v PÃn-kp-amscbpw PUvPn-am-scbpw \nb-an-°p-∂Xv]kn-U‚m-Wv. Hcp sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬\n∂v as‰mcpsslt°m-S-Xn-bn-te°v PUvPn-amsc am‰n \nb-an-°p-∂Xpw ]kn-U‚m-Wv. ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ Ccp-k-`-Ifpwaq∂n¬c≠v `qcn-]-£-Øn¬ ]-tabw ]mkm-°n-bm¬PUvPnamsc Unkvankv sNøp-∂Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv.

B¿ń-°n¬ 143 ]Imcw Bh-iy-sa∂v tXm∂p∂kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ \nb-a-]-iv\-ß-fn¬tatem s]mXpXm¬]-cy-ap≈ a‰v hnj-b-ß-fntem ]kn-U‚n\vkp]ow tImS-Xn-bpsS D]-tZiw tXSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

\b-X¥ A[n--Im-c-ßƒ F√m A¥m-cmjvS DS-º-Sn-Ifpw Icm-dp--Ifpw H∏p-h-

bv°p-∂-Xv- ]-kn-U-‚n-s‚- t]-cn-em-Wv.- F-∂n-cp-∂m-epw,-]-tbm-K-Øn¬,- A-Xn-\p-≈- Iq-Sn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bpw- Iym-_n-\-‰p-am-Wv- (]-tXy-In-®v- hn-tZ-i-Im-cy-a-¥n-).- am-X-a-√,- A-Ø-cw- I-cm-dp-Iƒ-°v- ]m¿-

e-sa-‚n-s‚- Aw-Ko-Im-c-hpw- B-h-iy-am--Wv. Hu]Nm-cnIambn kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ A¥m-cmjvS NS-

ßp-I-fn¬ cmPysØ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv.

C¥y≥ hn-tZ-i-Im-cy- k¿-ho-kn-se- D-tZym-K-ÿ-sc- \-b-X-¥- Zu-Xy-ßƒ-°v- \n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xpw- hn-tZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈- \-b-X-¥- ]-Xn-\n-[n-I-sf- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw- ]-kn-U‚m-Wv.

ssk\nI A[n-Im-c-ßƒ C¥y-bnse kmbp[ tk\-I-fpsS k¿h-ssk-\ym-[n-

]≥ ]-kn-U-‚m-Wv.- ]-[m-\-a-¥n- X-e-h-\m-b- bq-Wn-b-≥ Iym-_n-\-‰n-s‚- D-]-tZ-i- ]-Im-cw- bp-≤w- ]-Jym-]n-°m-\pw- k-am-[m-\- D-S-º-Sn-I-fn¬- G¿-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\pw- ]-kn-U-‚n-\v- A-[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.- hn-hn-[- tk-\m-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS- X-e-h-≥am-sc- \n-b-an-°p-∂-Xpw- ]-kn-U-‚m-Wv.-

am∏p-\¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[n-Imcw bqWn-b≥ \nb-a-ßƒs°Xn-sc-bp≈ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ,

anen -´dn tImS -Xn -bpsS in£-Iƒ, h[-in£F∂nhbv°v am∏p \¬Im≥ B¿ń-°nƒ 72 ]Imcw]kn-U‚n\v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. am∏p \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈]kn-U‚ns‚ Xocp-am-\hpw a‰v Ah-Im-i-ßfpw ][m-\-a-¥n-bp-sStbm temIvk- -bnse qcn-]-£-Øns‚tbmA`n-]m-b-Øn¬\n∂v kzX-¥-amWv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw,H´p-an° Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw ][m-\--a-¥n-bp-sS-bpwIym_n-\-‰n-s‚bpw D]-tZ-i-]-ImcamWv ]kn-U‚ vFIvkn-Iyp-óhv A[n-Im-c-ßƒ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ ]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈A[n-Imcw

B¿ń-°nƒ 352 ]Imcw tZiob ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ,356 ]Imcw kwÿm\ßfn¬ `cW \n¿h-l-W-Øn\v ]Xn-k-‘n-bp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ kwÿm\ ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ, 360 ]Im-c-ap≈ kmº-ØnI ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ F∂nh ]Jym-]n-°m≥ ]kn-U‚-dn\vA[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

sslZcm_m-Zn-em-Wv- cm-jv-S-]-Xn- \n-e-bw.- cm-jv-S-]-Xn-bp-sS- Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn-se- h-k-Xn-bm--Wn-Xv.- cm-Py-X-e-ÿm-\-am-b- \yq-U¬-ln-bn¬-\n-∂v- h-f-sb-[n-Iw- Zq-c-Øn-ep-≈- Cu- a-µn-cw,- \m-\m-Xz- kz- m-h-ap-≈- H-cp- cm-Py-sØ- G-tIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬- ]-kn-U-‚p- h-ln-°p-∂-]-¶n-s\- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂p.- C-hn-sS- A-t±-lw- h¿-j-Øn-sem-cn-°-se-¶n-epw- Xm-a-kn-®v- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- Ir-Xy-\n¿-h-l-Ww- \-S-Ø-W-sa-∂m-Wv- D-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

sslZcm-_m-Zn-se- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂- \n-km-am-Wv- 1860˛¬- Cu- a-µn-cw- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®-Xv.- 90 G-°¿- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≈- F-tÃ-‰n-em-Wv- Cu- H-‰-\n-e-a-µn-cw.- 150 t]¿-°v- Xm-a-kn-°p-∂-Xn-ap-≈- ku-I-cy-ap-≠v.- ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-s\- 1948˛¬- C-¥y-≥ bq-Wn-b-\n¬- e-bn-∏n-®-tXm-sS- F-tÃ-‰n-s‚- \n-b-¥-Ww-]-kn-U-‚n-s‚- sk-I-t´-dn-b-‰n-\p- ssIamdn.

_nójn-¥y-bp-sS- th-\¬-°m-e- X-e-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂- jnw-e-bn¬- ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS- h-k-Xn-bm-bn- \n¿-an-®- ssh-kv-do-K¬- tem-Uv-Pv- B-Wv- kzm-X-¥ym-\-¥-cw- cm-jv-S-]-Xn- \n-hm-kv- B-b-Xv.- a-µn-c-Øn-s‚- \n¿-Ωm-Ww- 1880˛¬- B-cw- n-®v- 1888˛¬- ]q¿-Øn-bm-bn.- F-en-k-_-Ø-≥ ssi-en-bn¬- a-µn-cw- cq-]-I¬-]-\- sN-bv-X-Xv- _n- o-jv- hm-kv-Xp-in¬-]n-bm-b- sl-≥dn- C¿-hn-\m-Wv.- ssh-tkm-bn- U- -dn-≥ ]- p-hm-Wv- C-Xn-se-B-Zy- Xm-a-k-°m-c-≥ (1888 Pq-e-mbv 23).

tUm. Fkv.- cm-[m-Ir-jv-W-≥ cm-jv-S-]-Xn-bm-bn-cn-s°- Cu- sI-ń-Sw- sa-®-s∏-´- co-Xn-bn¬- ]-tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- hn-Zym- ym-k- a-¥m-e-b-Øn-\p- ssI-am-dn.- A-hn-sS- C-¥y-≥ C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v-A-Uzm-≥kv-Uv- Ã-Uo-kv- F-∂- ÿm-]-\w- ]-h¿-Ø-\-am-cw-`n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 15

tIcf NcnXhpw h¿j-ßfpw˛14

hnth-Im-\-µs‚ tIcf kµ¿i\hpw

satΩm-dn-bep-I-fpsS ka¿∏-Whpw

A-øm- ssh-Ip-Wv-T¿- sX-fn-bn-®- \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-s‚- Xn-cn-\m-fw- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- Im-e-am-b-t∏mƒ- Im-´p-Xo- t]m-se-B-fn-∏-S¿-∂p.- B- A-·n-tb-‰v-bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I- tI-µ-ßƒ- A-kz-ÿ-am-bn.- `r-Xy-P-\-t_m-[w-sh-Sn-™v- A-h-Im-i-t_m-[-ap-≈- ]u-c-≥am-cn-te-°p-≈- bm-X-bm-cw- n-®-Xn-s‚- ]-Xn- -e-\-sa-t∂m-Ww- -c-W- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ßƒ-°pw- km-aq-ln-I- \o-Xn-°pw- th-≠n-bp-≈- i-_v-Z-ßƒ- tI- p-Xp-S-ßn.- a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b-epw-Cu-g-h-sa-tΩm-dn-b-epw- B- Zn-i-bn-se- B-Zy- Np-h-Sp-h-bv-]p-I-fm-Wv.- tI-c-f-I-Y- Xp-S¿-∂p- hm-bn-°p-I.-

tIm¨K-kn-¬ Hcp Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ kztZin

1889 ˛ tIkcn- F.- _m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈- (1889˛-1960)- P-\n-®p.-

- - -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- e-£-W-sam-Ø- t\m-h-em-b- "-C-µp-te-J-',- H- N-¥p-ta-t\m-≥ c-Nn-®p.- 1889Pq-¨- 11 ap-X¬- B-K-kv-Xv- 17 h-sc-bp-≈- 67 Zn-h-kw- sIm-≠m-Wv- t\m-h¬- c-Nn-®-Xv.-

- - -"-B-bp¿-th-Z- ]m-T-im-e-'- F-∂- t]-cn¬- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- B-bp¿-th-Z- tIm-tf-Pv- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- kv-Ym-]n-X-am-bn.- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- kw-kv-Ir-X- tIm-tf-Pm-b,- kw-kv-Ir-X- ssl-kv-Iq-fpw- ]-h¿-Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®-Xv- C-tX- h¿-j-am-Wv.-

- - -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- km-ln-Xy- am-kn-I-I-fn-sem-∂m-b- "-hn-Zym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n-'- kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-≥ B-cw-`n-®p.- a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- km-ln-Xy- hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-\v- Xp-S-°w-Ip-dn-®-h-cn¬- ]-ap-J-≥ A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-\m-Wv.-

- - -_m-cn-Ã¿- Pn.-]n.-]n-≈- t_mw-s_-bn¬- \-S-∂- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Øp.- tIm-¨-K-kv- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø,-tIm- -K-kn¬- Aw-K-Xz-sa-Sp-Ø- B-Zy- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dp-Im-c-≥ F-∂o- hn-ti-j-W-ßƒ- A-t±-l-Øn-\p-kz-¥-am-W-v.

at\m-ca ]X-Øns‚ P\\w1890 ˛ I≠Øn¬- h-dp-Ko-kv- am-∏n-f- ]-Xn-hm-c-]-X-am-bn-

tIm-´-b-Øp-\n-∂v- a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-cw-`n-®p- (am¿-®v- 22).-

- - -sI- tI-f-∏-≥ P-\n-®p- (sk-]v-Xw- 9).--˛-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏v- B-cw-`n-°p-

I-bpw- kv-Iq-fp-I-fn¬- B-im-≥am¿-°v- ]-I-cw- A-[ym-]-I-sc- \n-b-an-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

- - -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- I-Ym-am-kn-I-bm-b- "-I-Ym-hm-Zn-\n-'- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n-∂v- B-cw- n-®p.- a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS- B-Zy- ]-Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp-∂- t]-´-bn¬-cm-a-≥]n-≈- B-im-\m-bn-cp-∂p- ]-Xm-[n-]¿.- 11 e-°-ß-tfm-sS- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- ap-S-ßn.-

aebm-fn- satΩm-dn-b¬1891 - - - m-c-X-kzm-X-¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n- \n-c-¥-c- bm-X-\-b-\p-

`-hn-®- hn-π-h-Im-cn-bm-b- sN-º-I-cm-a-≥]n-≈- (1891˛-1934)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Ø-v- P\n-®p.-

˛ Xn-cp-hnXmw-Iq-dn¬- ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-h-Ip-∏v- B-cw-`n-®p.-- - -a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- ]-t£m- -Ww.- "-"-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-

Iq¿- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dp-Im¿-°v-'-'- F-∂- ap-Zm-hm-Iy-hp-am-bn,- X-t±-io-b¿-°v- k¿-°m¿- \n-b-a-\-ß-fn¬- A-h-k-cw- th-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v- sI- ]n- i-¶-c-ta-t\m-\pw- \m-\m-Pm-Xn- a-X-kv-Y-cm-b- 10037 ]u-c-≥am-cpw- H-∏n-´- l¿-Pn- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ- cm-Pm-hn-\p- k-a¿-∏n-®p- (P-\p-h-cn-).- Pn- ]n- ]n-≈,- sI- ]n-i-¶-c-ta-t\m-≥ F-∂n-h-cm-Wv- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv.- l¿-Pn-bn-se- B-Zy- H-∏p-Im-c-≥ sI- ]n- i-¶-c-ta-t\m-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b-en-s\-Xn-sc-sIm-√-sØ- C.- cm-a- A-ø-cp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- F-Xn¿- sa-tΩm-dn-b-epw- k-a¿-∏n-°-s∏-´p.-

- - -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sN-dp-I-Y-bm-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂- "-hm-k-\-hn-Ir-Xn-'- hn-Zym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n-bn¬-]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.- c-Nn-®-Xv- th-ß-bn¬- Ip-™n-cm-a-≥ \m-b-\m¿.-

-˛- kn- hn- cm-a-≥]n-≈- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- N-cn-Xm-Jym-bn-I-bm-b- "-am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-Ω-'- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.-

- - -I-≠-Øn¬- h-dp-Ko-kv- am-∏n-f-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬-

`m-jm-t]m-jn-Wn-k-`- cq-]o-IrXambn.

tImgnt°mS≥ at\mca˛ kmaqXncn- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se- Nn-e-cpw- a-‰p- Nn-e-

s]m-Xp-Im-cy- ]-k-‡-cpw- tN¿-∂p- cq-]-h¬-°-cn-®-tI-c-f- a-lm-P-\-k-`-bp-sS- B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬- tIm-gn-t°m-´p-\n-∂v- "-a-t\m-c-a-'- F-∂- t]-cn¬- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- B-cw-`n-®p.- "-tIm-gn-t°m-S-≥ a-t\m-c-a-'- F-∂v-A-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂- C-Xv- A-®-Sn-®n-cp-∂-Xv- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b- ]-kn¬-\n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- c-≠mw-tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤w-aq-ew- I-S-em-kn-\p-£m-aw- t\-cn- -t∏mƒ-1940˛¬- C-Xv- \n-∂pt]mbn.

Ihn-kam-Phpw `mjm-t]m-jn- -Wnbpw1892 ˛ N¥p-ta-t\m-s≥d- im-c-Z- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.- tIm-´-b-

Øv- "-I-hn-k-am-Pw-'- cq-]w- sIm-≠p.-- - -I-≠-Øn¬- h-dp-Ko-kv- am-∏n-f-bp-sS- ]-Xm-[n-]-Xy-

Øn¬- "- m-jm-t]m-jn-Wn-'- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-cw- n-®p.--

- - -kzm-an- hn-th-Im-\-µ-≥ tI-c-fw- k-µ¿-in-®p.- Xo-≠-epw- sXm-So-epw- I-≠v- "-C-hn-Sw- H-cp- `m-¥m-e-bw-'-F-∂v- A-`n-]mbs∏´p.

cmPm-c-hn-h¿-abv°v kΩm\w1893 ˛ tUm.- sl¿-a-≥ Kp-≠¿-´v- A-¥-cn-®p.-

- - -Nn-°m-tKm-bn¬- \-S-∂- tem-I- I-em-]-Z¿-i-\-Øn¬-

cm-Pm- c-hn-h¿-a-bv-°v- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®p.- tem-I-]-i-kv-X-\m-b- B-Zy-sØ tIcfob NnXImc\mWvcmPm chn h¿a.

Sn.am[hcmbcpsS ]Xnabpw ÃmNyp PwKv -j\pw

1894 ˛ s]m-^.- kp-µ-cw-]n-≈- tI-c-f-Øn-se- in-em-en-Jn-X-ß-sf-∏-‰n- B-Zy-am-bn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn.-

- - -Zn-hm-≥ i-¶-c-kp-∫-ø-cp-sS- 1069 ta-Sw- 30se- hn-⁄m-]-\-tØm-sS- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- Rm-b-dm-gv-N- A-h-[n- Zn-h-k-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-°-s∏- p.- ]u¿-W-an- \mƒ-Dƒ-s∏-sS- am-k-Øn¬- c-≠v- A-h-[n- Zn-h-k-ß-sf-A-Xp-h-sc- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p.-

- - -tI-c-f-h¿-a- h-en-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm-≥ Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- sk-I-t -dn-b-‰n-\p-k-ao-]w- ap-≥Zn-hm-≥ k¿-Sn.-am-[-h-cm-b-cp-sS- ]-Xn-a- A-\m-—m-Z-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- C-tXm-sS-bm-Wv- A-hn-Sw- Ãm-Nyq- Pw-Kv-j-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏- pp-S-ßn-b-Xv.-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- s]m-Xp-P-\-ßƒ-ÿm-]n-®- B-Zy-sØ- ]-Xn-a- am-[-h-dm-hp-hn-t‚-Xm-Wv.-

- - -]q-hm-S-≥ cm-a-≥ h-°o¬- kv-s]-Iv-tS-‰¿- ]-kv- tIm-gn-t°m-´v- ÿm-]n-®p.- C-hn-sS- A-®-Sn-®p- ]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- hm-cn-I-bm-Wv- "-sh-Ãv- tIm-Ãv- kv-s]-Iv-tS-‰¿-'- F-∂- t]-cn-epw- ]n-∂o-Sv- "-a-e-_m¿- kv-s]-Iv-tS-‰¿-'- F-∂- t]-cn-epw- ]-kn-≤n-bm¿-Pn-®- ]-Xn-I.-

- - -sk-øn-Zv- k-\m-D-≈- a-‡n- X-ßƒ- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b- "-Xp-lv-^-Øp¬- A-Jn-bm¿-˛-h-˛-ln-Zm-b-Øp¬- A-kv-dm¿-'- F-∂- am-kn-I-bm-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn¬- A-d-_n- a-e-bm-f-Ø-nep≈ BZysØ ]kn≤oIcWw.

Cu-gh satΩm-dn-b¬1896 ˛ cm-Py-Øn-s≥d- sam-Øw- P-\-kw-Jy-bp-sS- A-©n-sem-

∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n- pw- Cu-g-h¿-°v- k¿-°m-cp-tZym-K-ß-fn¬- \m-a-am-X- ]m-Xn-\n-[yw- t]m-ep-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.-X-ßƒ-°v- hn-Zym-`ym-k-˛- D-tZym-K-Im-cy-ß-fn¬- \o-Xn- e-`n-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-hn-s≥d- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- 13176 t]¿- H-∏n-´- l¿-Pn-X-øm-dm-°n- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ- cm-Pm-hn-\p- k-a¿-∏n-®p- (sk-]v-Xw- 3)- C-Xm-Wv- Cu-g-h- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv.-

- - -hn.-sI.- Ir-jv-W-ta-t\m-≥ tIm-gn-t°m-´v- ]-∂n-b-¶-c-bn¬- P-\n-®p- (sa-bv- 3).- ]-Xv-a-hn-`q-j-¨- t\-Sn-b-B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn-I-fn-sem-cmƒ.-

- - -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- P-∑n- ˛- Ip-Sn-bm-≥ sd-Kp-te-j-≥.- A-kw-L-Sn-X-sa-¶n-epw- Ip-Sn-bm-∑m¿- A-ßn-ßp-\-S-Øn-h-∂- A-h-Im-i- k-a-c-ßƒ-°v- H-cw-Ko-Im-c-am-bn.- P-∑n-Xz-sØ- \n-b-¥n-°m-\p-≈- k¿-°m-cn-s≥d- B-Zy-sØ- Im¬-sh-bv-]v.-

kzm-an- BKam-\µs‚ P-\\w˛ kzman- B-K-am-\-µ-≥ (]q¿-hm-i-a-Øn¬- Ir-jv-W-

≥ \-ºym-Xn-cn-)-sIm-√-Øv- N-h-d-bn¬- P-\n-®p- (B-K-kv-Xv- 27).- a-[y- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- a-e-bm-f- _m-lv-a-W- k-am-P-Øn-s≥d- kv-Ym-]-I-≥.-

1897 - - -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-an-j-≥ ÿm-]n-X-am-b-n.

Iht\mZbhpw Ntµm¬khhpw˛ hS°-≥ tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂p-≈- B-Zy-sØ- ]-kn-≤o-

I-c-W-am-b- "-I-h-t\m-Z-bw-'- I-S-Ø-\m-´v- cm-Pm-hm-b-D-Z-b-h¿-a-bp-sS- D-S-a-ÿ-X-bn¬- B-cw- n-®p.- sI.-kn.-\m-cm-b-W-≥ \-ºym¿- B-Zy- ]-Xm-[n-]¿.- 16 h¿-jw- Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.- ]m-No-\- a-Wn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-bm-b- N-tµm¬-k-hw- B-Zy-am-bn- I-s≠-Sp-Øp- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv- I-h-t\m-Z-b-Øn-em-Wv.-

16 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

26.- "am-fhn-Im-Kv-\n- an-Xw'- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- Im-fn-Zm-k≥- (_n)- Aacknw-l≥-(kn)- hn-im-JZØ≥- (Un)- `m-k≥-

27.- DØtc¥y-bn-se Ahkm-\sØ ln-µp-NIh¿-Øn-(F)- kv-IµKp-]v-X≥- (_n)- l¿-jh¿-≤\≥-(kn)- iim-¶≥- (Un)- lm-e≥-

28.- io-_p-≤≥- P\n-® kv-Yew-:(F)- km-c\m-Yv- (_n)- epw-_n-\n-(kn)- t_m-[v-Kb (Un)- Ip-in-\Kcw-

29.- tNccm-Pm-°∑m-cn¬- G‰hpw- ][m-\n-:(F)- s\Spw-tNgn-b≥- (_n)- sN¶p-´p-h≥-(kn)- Ip-tem-Øpw-K≥- (Un-) Icn-Im-e≥-

30.- ssP\aXØn-se BZy-sØ Xo¿-∞¶c≥-:(F)-- Ej`≥- (_n-)- `Z_m-lp-(kn)- alm-ho-c≥- (Un)- ]m¿-iz-\m-Y≥-

31.- am-kn-tUm-Wn-bbn-se cm-Pm-hm-b AeIv-km-≠¿- GXp-h¿-jam-Wv- C¥y- BIan-®Xv?-(F)- 326 _n.-kn- (_n)- 516 _n.-kn-(kn)- 72 _n.-kn- (Un-)- F.-Un.- 58

32.- "Aan-XLm-X'- F∂dn-bs∏´ au-cy- `cWm-[n-Im-cn-:(F)- Atim-I≥- (_n)- _n-µp-km-c≥-(kn)- NµKp-]v-Xau-cy≥- (Un)- _r-lZY≥-

33.- kpw-Khw-i kv-Ym-]I≥-:(F)- ]p-jy-an-X≥- (_n)- AKv-\n-an-X≥-(kn)- tZh`q-Xn- (Un)- ]p-jy-`q-Xn-

34.- iIh¿-jw- Bcw-`n-®Xv-:(F)- sa\m≥-U¿- (_n)- tKm-t≠m-s^¿-Wkv-(kn)- I\n-jv-I≥- (Un)- l¿-jh¿-≤\≥-

35.- Km-\v-[m-cw- F∂dn-bs∏ń-cp-∂ ]tZiw Ct∏mƒ-- GXp-cm-Py-Øm-Wv?-(F)- ]m-In-kv-Xm≥- (_n)- A^v-Km-\n-kv-Xm≥-(kn)- ssN\ (Un)- t\∏mƒ-

36.- AP¥ Kp-lIƒ- kv-Yn-Xn-sNøp-∂Xv- GXv- kw-kv-Ym-\Øm-Wv?-(F)-- alm-cm-jv-S (_n)-- Xan-gv-\m-Sv-(kn)- B\v-[]tZiv- (Un)- a[y-]tZiv-

37.- au-cy-km-am-Pyw- kv-Ym-]n-Xam-bXv- F∂m-Wv?-(F)- _n.-kn- 321 (_n)- _n.-kn.- 326(kn)- F.-Un.- 78 (Un)- _n.-kn.-168

38.- GXv- cm-Phw-iØn-s≥-d Hu-tZym-Kn-I Nn-lv-\am-bn-cp-∂p- "Kcp-U≥'?-(F)- iXhm-l\¿- (_n)- Kp-]v-X≥(kn-)- Ip-jm-\≥-am¿- (Un)- cm-jv-SIq-S¿-

39.- l¿-jh¿-≤\≥- DØtc¥y- `cn-®Im-ew- ..........-BWv-:(F)- F.-Un- 2˛mw- \q-‰m-≠v-(_n)- F.-Un- 7˛mw- \q-‰m-≠v-(kn)- F.-Un- 4˛mw- \q-‰m-≠v-(Un)- F.-Un- 10˛mw- \q-‰m-≠v-

40.- Bcy-`´≥- ]ikv-X\m-b ..............-Bbn-cp-∂p-:(F)- Kp-]v-Xcm-Pm-hv-(_n)- tPym-Xn-im-kv-XPv-R\pw- KWn-Xim-kv-XPv-R\pw-kn)- Ihn- (Un)- cm-Py-X¥Pv-R≥-

41.- NµKp-]v-Xs≥-d Im-esØ Ko-°v- Aw-_m-kU¿-:(F)- saKkv-X\o-kv- (_n)- skeq-°kv-(kn)- ^m-ln-bm≥- (Un-)- lp-bm≥-km-Mv-

42.- "Xo¿-∞¶c≥-am¿'- F∂ hm-°v- GXp-aXhp-am-bn- _\v-[s∏ń-cn-°p-∂p?-(F)- _p-≤aXw- (_n)- ssP\aXw-(kn)- sshjv-Whw- (Un-)- ln-µp-aXw-

43.- lm-c∏,- sam-l≥-PZm-tcm- kw-kv-Im-cw- Is≠Øn-b ]p-cm-hkv-Xp- KthjI≥-:

(F)- sPbn≥- (_n)- hn-eyw- _¿-´≥-(kn)- tPm¨- am¿-j¬- (Un)- B¿.-Un- _m-\¿-Pn-

44.- kn-\v-[p-\Zo-XS kkv-Im-cw- ][m-\am-bpw- XI¿-∂Xv-Bcp-sS BIaWtØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv-?(F)- ap-Kf¿- (_n)- Bcy≥-am¿-(kn)- au-cy-∑m¿- (Un)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿

45. Atim-Is≥-d ]n-Xm-hvv- :(F)- _n-µp-km-c≥- (_n)- _nw-_n-km-c≥-(kn)- atlµ≥- (Un)- \µ≥

46.- "cm-PXcw-Kn-Wn'-bp-sS I¿-Øm-hv-:(F)- I¬-lW≥- (_n)- _n¬-lW≥-(kn)- _m-W`´≥- (Un)- Im-fn-Zm-k≥-

47.- kn-\v-[p- \m-Kcn-I¿- ][m-\am-bpw- Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂ar-Kw-:(F)- ]q-® (_n)- HÍw-

(kn)- Im-f (Un)- B\48.- "Xo¿-∞m-SIcn-se cm-PIp-am-c≥'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-

∂Xv-:(F)- saKkv-X\o-kv- (_n)- lp-bm≥-km-Mv-(kn)- ^m-ln-bm≥- (Un)- sk≥-dv- tXm-akv-

49.- Bcy-`´≥,- `m-kv-Ic≥,- hcm-lan-ln-c≥,- Aacknw-l≥,- [\z-¥cn-˛Cu- ]ap-J hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ Im-ew-:(F)- Kp-]v-X km-am-Py-Im-ew-(_n)- Ip-jm≥- km-am-Py-Im-ew-(kn)- au-cy- km-am-Py-Im-ew-(Un)- ap-Kƒ- km-am-Py-Im-ew-

50.- thZßfn¬- G‰hpw- Ahkm-\tØX:v-(F)- EtKz-Zw- (_n)- km-athZw-(kn)- bPp¿-thZw- (Un)- AY¿-hthZw-

51.- Km-\v-[m-c-I-e- G-sXm-s°- I-em-ssi-en-I-fp-sS- k-¶-e-\-Øn-eq-sS- cq-]-w- ]m-]n-®Xm-Wv?(F)- t]¿-jy≥-˛ `m-cXw- (_n)- Ko-°v- ˛ `m-cXw-kn)- Ko-°v- ˛t]¿-jy≥- (Un)- Ko-°v- tdm-a≥-

52.- C¥y- kµ¿-in-® BZy-sØ hn-tZi k©m-cn-bm-cv?-(F)- saKkv-X\o-kv- (_n)- ^m-ln-bm≥-(kn)- \n-t°m-tfm- tIm-≠n- (Un-) lp-bm≥-km-Mv-

53.- Im-fn-Zm-ks≥-d BZy- ][m-\ Ir-Xn-:(F)- A`n-Pv-Rm-\ im-Ip-¥fw-(_n)- hn-Itam¿-hio-bw-(kn)- EXp-kw-lm-cw- (Un)- cLp-hw-iw-

54.- Ahkm-\sØ \µcm-Pm-hv-:(F)- alm-\µ≥- (_n)- \µn-h¿-≤\≥-(kn)- _r-lZY≥- (Un)- [\\µ≥-

55.- C¥ym- Ncn-XØn-se NIh¿-Øn-am-cn¬- G‰hpw- alm-\m-bn- IW°m-°s∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F)- NµKp-]v-X au-cy≥-(_n)- Atim-I≥-(kn)- hn-Iam-Zn-Xy≥- (Un)- l¿-jh¿-≤\h≥-

56.- iXhm-l\hw-iw- kv-Ym-]n-®X:v-(F)- kn-ap-J≥- (_n)- lm-e≥-(kn)- am-[ho-]p-X≥- (Un)- iXI¿-Wn-

57.- "Ael_m-Zv- ]ikv-Xn'-bn¬-\n-∂pw- GXp- `cWm-[n-Im-cn-sb°p-dn-®p-≈ hn-hcßfm-Wv- e`n-°p-∂Xv?-(F)- Atim-I≥- (_n)- kap-ZKp-]v-X≥-(kn)- APm-XiXp- (Un)- _nw-_n-km-c≥

58.- I\n-jv-Is≥-d Xekv-Ym-\w-:(F)- ]p-cp-j]p-cw- (_n)- Kn-cn-hPw-(kn)- im-hkv-Xn- (Un)- DPv-Pbn-\n-

59.- Atim-Is\ G‰hpw- alm-\m-b cm-Pm-sh∂p- hn-tijn-∏n® Ncn-XIm-c≥-:(F)- am-Iv-kv-ap-≈¿- (_n)- F®v- Pn- sh¬-kv-(kn)- hn≥-sk≥-dv- kv-an-Øv- (Un)- sdm-an-e Ym-∏¿-

60.- ]m-In-kv-Xm-\n-se dm-h¬-]n-≠n- \KcØn-\p- kao-]w-Im-Ws∏Sp-∂Xv- GXv- ]m-No-\ k¿-hIem-im-ebp-sSAhin-jv-Sßfm-Wv?-(F)- \fµ (_n)- hn-Iw-in-e(kn)- X£in-e (Un)- DPv-Pbn-\n-

61.- "bp-Nn'- h¿-KØn¬-s]´ hw-iw--:(F)- Ip-jm-\ (_n)- au-cy-(kn)- lq-W (Un)- Kp-]v-X

62.- Xs≥-d \m-Wbßfn¬- _p-≤s≥-d cq-]w- ap-ZWw-sNbv-X BZy- cm-Pm-hv-:(F)- Atim-I≥- (_n)- I\n-jv-I≥-(kn)- l¿-j≥- (Un- Ip-am-cKp-]v-X≥-

63.- ]p-cm-Wßfn¬- B\v-[P≥-am¿- F∂ t]cn¬- ]cm-a¿-in-°s∏Sp-∂ cm-Phw-iw-:(F)- Kp-]v-X≥-am¿- (_n)- iXhm-l\≥-am¿-(kn)- ]√h≥-am¿- (Un)- cm-jv-SIq-S¿-

64. - "ln-µp-Im-eL´Øn-se AIv-_¿'- F∂p- hn-fn -°s∏´Xv:(F)- Atim-I≥- (_n)- I\n-jv-I≥-(kn)- l¿-j≥- (Un)- hn-Iam-Zn-Xy≥

65.- "Ihn-cm-P'- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-:(F)- NµKp-]v-X≥- (_n)- kap-ZKp-]v-X≥-(kn)- Im-fn-Zm-k≥- (Un)- Atam-Lh¿-j≥-

66.- -cm-jv-SIq-S cm-Pm-hm-b Atam-Lh¿-j≥- cNn-® Ir-Xn-(F)- Ihn-cm-Pam¿-Kw- (_n)- k]v-XiXIw-(kn)- cXv-\m-hen- (Un)- cm-PXcw-Kn-Wn-

67.- Bcp-sS kZky-\m-bn-cp-∂p- ZWv-Un?-(F)- l¿-j≥- (_n)- I\n-jv-I≥-(kn)- \cknw-lh¿-a≥- (Un)- hn-Iam-Zn-Xy≥-

68.- C¥y-sb∂Xv- Hcp- cm-Py-am-sW∂pw- AXn-\v- Htc kw-kv-Im-cam-Wp-≈sX∂pw- BZy-am-bn- sXfn-bn-® cWm-[n-Im-cn:-(F)- _nw-_n-km-c≥- (_n)- _n-µp-km-c≥-(kn)- NµKp-]v-Xau-cy≥- (Un)- Atim-I≥-

69.- "G‰hpw- alm-\m-b cm-Pm-hv'- F∂v- F®v- Pn- sh¬-kv-hn-tijn-∏n-®Xm-scbm-Wv?-(F)- hn-Iam-Zn-Xy≥- (_n-) Atim-I≥-(kn)- I\n-jv-I≥- (Un-)- l¿-j≥-

70.- ]p-jy-an-X-kpw-K-s≥d- Im-e-sØ- \n-c-h-[n- kw-`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂- ]-X-Rv-P-en-bp-sS- Ir-Xn-:-(F)- _p-≤Ncn-Xw- (_n)- IYm-kcn-Xv- km-Kcw-(kn)- ZiIp-am-cNcn-Xw- (Un)- alm-`m-jyw-

71.- "iIm-cn'- F∂ _n-cp-Zw- kzo-Icn-® Kp-]v-Xcm-Pm-hv-:(F)- hn-Iam-Zn-Xy≥- (_n)- kap-ZKp-]v-X≥-(kn)- ]p-cKp-]v-X≥- (Un)- Ip-am-cKp-]v-X≥-

72.- ln-µp-aXw- kzo-Icn-® bh\ Aw-_m-kU¿-(F)- UaSn-bkv- (_n)- lo-en-tbm-tUm-dkv-(kn)- Ubam-°kv- (Un)- saKkv-X\o-kv-

73.- "an-en-µ ]m≥-tlm'- F∂ Ir-Xn-bp-sS CXn-hr-Øw-Bscm-s° XΩn-ep-≈ kw-`m-jWam-Wv?-(F)- io-_p-≤\pw- B\µ\pw-(_n)- alm-ho-c\pw- Pam-en-bpw-(kn)- sa\m≥-Udpw- \m-Km¿-Pp-\\pw-(Un)- NµKp-]v-Xau-cy-\pw- `Z_m-lp-hpw-

74.- _p-≤aX K\v-Yßƒ- ][m-\am-bpw- GXp- `m-jbn-em-Wv- cNn-°s∏´Xv-:(F)- ]m-en- (_n)- kw-kv-Ir-Xw-(kn)- Xangv (Un)- ln-µn-

75.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Bscbm-Wv- "C¥y≥- sF≥-kv-‰o≥'- F∂p- hn-tijn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?-(F)- Bcy-`S≥- (_n)- \m-Km¿-Pp-\≥-(kn)- hkp-an-X≥- (Un)- IWm-Z≥-

Answers26(a) 27(b) 28(b) 29(b) 30(a) 31(a) 32(b) 33(a) 34(c) 35(b) 36(a)37(a) 38(b) 39(b) 40(b) 41(a) 42(b) 43(c) 44(b) 45(a) 46(a) 47(c)48(b) 49(a) 50(d) 51(b) 52(a) 53(c) 54(d) 55(b) 56(a) 57(b) 58(a)59(b) 60(c) 61(a) 62(b) 63(b) 64(c) 65(b) 66(a) 67(c) 68(c) 69(b)70(d )71(a) 72(b) 73(c) 74(a) 75(b)

Ancient India - 2SSLC/HSC Level

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 17

Indian Geography-11.- kn-‘p-\Zn-°v- C¥y-bn-se ]©m-_n¬- FX t]m-

jI\Zn-Ifm-Wp-≈Xv?(F)- 5 (_n)- 6(kn-)- 10 (Un-)- 7

2. tK‰v-th Hm-^v- C¥y- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂p?-(F) -\yq-U¬-ln (_n)- sNss∂(kn-)- sIm¬-°Ø (Un-)- apw-ss_

3.-- \m-jW¬- ln-kv-‰dn- ayq-kn-bw- Fhn-sSbm-Wv?-(F)- sU¬-ln- (_n)- sIm-¬-°Ø(kn-)- ]q-sW (Un-)- Um¿-Pn-en-Mv-

4.-- C¥y≥- bq-Wn-bs‚ `m-Kam-b e£Zzo-]v- GXp- kap-ZØnem-Wv- ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂Xv-?(F)- Ad_n-°S¬- (_n)- _w-Kmƒ- Dƒ-°S¬-(kn-)- C¥y≥- alm-kap-Zw-(Un-)- am-∂m¿- Dƒ-°S¬-

5.-- Gjym-h≥-Icbn¬- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- `£y-[m-\yw-Ib‰p-aXn-sNøp-∂ cm-Pyw-:(F)- aym≥-am¿-- (_n)- ^n-en-ss∏≥-kv-(kn-)- atejy- (Un-)- C¥y-

6.-- `n-em-bv- kv-‰o¬- ^m-Œdn- GXv- kw-ÿm-\Øm-Wv?(F)- OØn-kv-K-Vv- (_n)- alm-cm-„(kn-)- DØ¿-]tZiv- (Un-)- Hdo-k

7.-- C¥y-bn-se A©m-asØ A¥m-cm-„ hn-am-\Øm-hfw-?-(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- eIv-\u-(kn-)- ]m-‰v-\ (Un-)- knw-e

8.-- GXv- C¥y≥- kw-ÿm-\Øm-Wv- au-≠v- A_p-?-(F)- Acp-Wm-N¬- ]tZiv-(_n)- Akw-(kn-)- cm-Pÿm≥- (Un-)- ln-am-N¬-]tZiv-

9.-- c≠p- Xeÿm-\ßfp-≈ C¥y≥- kw-ÿm-\w-?-(F)- a[y-]tZiv- (_n)- taLm-eb(kn-)- PΩp-Im-iv-ao¿- (Un-)- ]iv-Nn-a_w-Kmƒ-

10.-- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- h\]tZiap-≈ C¥y≥- kw-ÿm-\w-?-(F)- Akw- (_n)- a[y-]tZiv-(kn-)- I¿-Wm-SIw- (Un-)- tIcfw-

11.-- I≠¬- h\ßƒ- G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Im-Ws∏Sp-∂Xv?-(F)- DØcm-©¬- (_n)- I¿-Wm-SIw-(kn-)- ]iv-Nn-a_w-Kmƒ- (Un-)- a[y-]tZiv-

12.-- GXv- sX∂n-¥y≥- kw-ÿm-\Øm-Wv- t]m-bn‚ v- Im-en-sa¿- F∂ h\y-Po-hn- ]£n-kt¶Xw- ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂Xv?-(F)- t]m-≠n-t®cn- (_n)- Xan-gv-\m-Sv-(kn-)- I¿-Wm-SIw- (Un-)- tIcfw-

13.- - apw-ss_ \KcØn-ep-≈ Hcp- ]ikv-Xam-b h\w-Ct∏mƒ- Hcp- tZio-tbm-[ym-\am-Wv.- GXm-WXv?-(F)- _n¿-f \m-jW¬- ]m¿-°v(_n)- kRv-Pbv-Km-‘n- \m-jW¬- ]m¿-°v-(kn-)- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n- \jW¬-]m¿-°v-(Un-)- Sm-‰ \m-jW¬- ]m¿-°v-

14.-- Ko¿-h\ßƒ- GXv- kw-ÿm-\Øm-Wv-?-(F)- Kp-Pdm-Øv- (_n)- tIcfw-(kn-)- Akw- (Un-)- I¿-Wm-SIw-

15.-- `q -at[y-tcJbv-°Sp-Øv- ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂ C¥y≥-satSm-t]m-fn-‰≥- \Kcw-?-(F)- sU¬-ln- (_n)- apw-ss_(kn-)- sNss∂ (Un-)- sIm¬-°Ø

16.-- ap-√s∏cn-bm¿- Umw- X¿-°hp-am-bn- _‘s∏´ kw-ÿm-\ßƒ-?-(F)- tIcfw-˛ I¿-Wm-SIw-(_n)- tIcfw-˛ t]m-≠n-t®cn-(kn-)- tIcfw-˛ Xan-gv-\m-Sv-(Un-)- Xan-gv-\m-Sv-˛ I¿-Wm-SIw-

17.-- C¥y-bn¬- en-Kv-ss\‰v- Im-Ws∏Sp-∂ kw-ÿm-\w-?-(F)- a[y]tZiv-- (_n)- DØ¿-]tZiv-(kn-)- ]©m-_v- (Un-)- Xan-gv-\m-Sv-

18.-- k¿-Zm¿- ktcm-h¿- AWs°´v- GXv- \Zn-bn-em-Wv-?-(F)- alm-\Zn- (_n)- \¿-aZ(kn-)- Ir-jv-W (Un-)- k_¿-aXn-

19.-- C¥y-bn-te‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]cp-Øn- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂kw-ÿm-\w-?-(F)- DØ¿-]tZiv- (_n)- Kp-Pdm-Øv-(kn-)- cm-Pÿm-≥- (Un-)- a[y-]tZiv-

20.-- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXv- kw-ÿm-\Øm-Wv- FÆip-≤o-IcWim-e C√m-ØXv?-

(F)- B‘]tZiv- (_n)- tIcfw-(kn-)- a[y-]tZiv- (Un-)- Xan-gv-\m-Sv-

21.-- \m-kn-Iv- GXv- \Zn-bp-sS Xo-cØm-Wv-?-(F)- tKm-Zm-hcn-- (_n)- \¿-aZ(kn-)- X]v-Xn- (Un-)- Kw-K

22.- - DØ¿-]tZin-se ^n-tdm-km-_m-Zv - F¥n\m-Wv -]kn-≤w-?-(F)- Xp-I¬- hy-hkm-bw- (_n)- •m-kv-hy-hkm-bw-(kn-)- d_¿-hy-hkm-bw- (Un-)- ]cp-Øn-hy-hkm-bw-

23.-- hn-kv-Xo¿-Wm-Sn-ÿm-\Øn¬- tem-IØv- C¥y-bp-sSÿm-\w-?-(F)- H∂v- (_n)- ]Øv-(kn-)- Ggv- (Un-)- c≠v-

24.-- Xm-sg ]dbp-∂Xn¬- A¥m-cm-„ ]≤Xn- GXv-?-(F)- Nw-_¬- ]≤Xn- (_n)- Xpw-K`Z(kn-)- \m-Km¿-Pp-\km-K¿- (Un-)- tIm-kn-]≤Xn-

25.-- dm-° ]n-∂n- v- _w-•m-tZin-seØp-tºmƒ- Kw-K F¥p-t]cn¬- Adn-bs∏Sp-∂p-?-(F)- ]Zv-a (_n)- Kw-Km-km-K¿-(kn-)- kz¿-WKw-K (Un-)- taLv-\

26.-- Lm-\ ]£n-kt¶Xw- Fhn-sSbm-Wv-?-(F)- `cXv-]q¿-- (_n)- sNss∂

(kn-)- ssakq¿- (Un-)- kp¬-Øm≥-]q¿-27.-- C¥y-°pw- ]m-In-ÿm-\p-an-Sbv-°v- k¿-ho-kv- \SØp-

∂ Xo-h≠n-?-(F)- kw-tPm-[m- FIv-kv-]kv-(_n)- ssaXn- FIv-kv-]kv-(kn-)- cm-P[m-\n- FIvkv-]kv-(Un-)- kZv-`m-h\ FIv-kv-]kv-

28.-- e£Zzo-]n-se `m-j-?-(F)- ln-µn- (_n)- aebm-fw-(kn-)- sXep-¶v- (Un-)- Cw-•o-jv-

29.-- U®n-Kmw- h\y-Po-hn- kt¶Xw- Fhn-sSbm-Wv-?-(F)- eJnw-]q¿-tJcn-(bp-]n)- (_n)- io-\K¿-(kn-)- CSp-°n-- (Un-)- lkm-cn-_m-Kv-

30.-- Sm-‰m- Ab¨- B‚ v- kv-‰o¬- ^m-Œdn- ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂ÿew--?-(F)- `Zm-hXn- (_n)- dq¿-°e(kn-)- Nn-ØcRv-P≥- (Un-)- Pw-jUv-]p¿-

31.-- C¥y-bn¬- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- \Kch¬-Ir-Xam-b kw-ÿm-\w--?-(F)- alm-cm-„ (_n)- I¿-Wm-SIw-(kn-)- Xangv-\m-Sv- (Un-)- tKmh

32.-- ]Xn-io¿-j hcp-am-\w- G‰hpw- Ip-d™ C¥y≥- kw-ÿm-\w-?-(F)- _n-lm¿- (_n)- Im-iv-ao¿-(kn-)- cm-Pÿm≥-- Un-)- tIcfw-

33.-- ktX¨- sdbn¬-shbp-sS ap-Jy- Bÿm-\w- Fhn-sSbm-Wv-?-(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- sNss∂(kn-)- ]m-e°m-Sv- (Un-)- sjm¿-Wq¿-

34.-- PΩp-hn-s\bpw- I\ym-Ip-am-cn-sbbpw- _‘n-∏n-®v- Hm-Sp-∂ sSbn≥- GXm-Wv.--?-(F)- cm-P[m-\n- FIv-kv-]kv-(_n)- Pb¥n-P\X FIv-kv-]kv-(kn-)- tIcf FIv-kv-]kv-(Un-)- ln-akm-K¿- FIv-kv-]kv-

35.-- tIm-fm¿- kz¿-WJ\n- GXv- kw-ÿm-\Øn-em-Wv--?-(F)- tIcfw--- (_n)- B‘]tZiv-(kn-)- Xan-gv-\m-Sv-- (Un-)- I¿-Wm-SI

36.- - kq-tcym-Zbhpw- kq-cym-kv-Xabhpw- Im-Wm-hp-∂

ÿew?-(F)- tIm-hfw- (_n)- I\ym-Ip-am-cn-(kn-)- cm-taiz-cw- (Un-)- ln-am-ebw-

37.-- tem-IØn¬- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- kz¿-Ww- D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂ cm-Pyw- GXv---?-(F)- C¥y- (_n)- djy-(kn-)- ssN\ (Un-)- Atacn-°

38.-- "In-g°n-s‚ kv-tIm-Sv-e≥-Uv'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂ C¥y≥-kw-ÿm-\w---?-(F)- aWn-∏q¿- (_n)- an-skm-dw-(kn-)- taLm-eb (Un-)- ln-am-N¬-]tZiv-

39.-- _n-´o-jv- C-¥y-bp-sS- a-[y-`m-K-Øp-≈- \-K-c-ta-Xm-bn-cp-∂p?(F)- t`m∏m¬ (_n)- \mknIv(kn-)- \mKv]q¿ (Un-)- P_¬]q¿

40.-- d_¿-Ir-jn- G‰hpw IqSpX-ep≈ C¥y≥ kwÿm\w:(F)- I¿Wm-SIw (_n)- Xan-gv\mSv(kn-)- sXe-¶m\ (Un-)- tIcfw

41.-- Im-thcn-bp-sS t]m-jI\Zn---?-(F)- I_\n- (_n)- ]bkz-\n-(kn-)- s\øm¿- (Un-)- tKm-Zm-hcn-

42.-- C¥y-bn-se tem-I]kn-≤am-b [m-Xp-taJe--?-(F)- U°m¨- ]o-T`q-an-(_n)- tOm-´m- \m-Kv-]p¿- ]o-T`q-an-(kn-)- jn-t√m-Mv- ]o-T`q-an-(Un-)- hS°p-In-g°≥- AXn¿-Øn-

43.-- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- kw-ÿm-\ßfp-am-bn- AXn¿-Øn-]¶n-Sp-∂ C¥y≥- kw-ÿm-\w---?-(F)- _o-lm¿- (_n)- Hdo-k(kn-)- DØ¿-]tZiv- (Un-)- a[y-]tZiv-

44.-- GXv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚ km-t¶Xn-I klIcWtØm-sSbm-Wv- Hdo-kbn-se dq¿-t°e kv-‰o¬-πm‚ v- \n¿-an-®Xv--?-(F)- djy- (_n)- P¿-a\n-(kn-)- _n-´¨-- (Un-)- bp-Fkv-F

45.-- \m-jW¬- F≥-htbm¨-sa‚ v- F©n-\o-bdn-Mv- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-´v- Fhn-sSbm-Wv---?-(F)- Pw-jUv-]p¿- (_n)- I´°v-(kn-)- dm-©n- (Un-)- \m-Kv-]p¿-

46.-- hn-Iw- km-cm-`m-bv- kv-t]kv-sk‚¿- Fhn-sSbm-Wv---?-(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- AlΩZm-_m-Zv-(kn-)- io-lcn-t°m-´ (Un-)- _mw-•q¿-

47.-- "C¥y-bp-sS ]q-t¥m-´w'- GXv---?-(F)- Im-iv-ao¿- (_n)- Du-´n-(kn-)- _mw-•q¿- (Un-)- CsXm-∂p-a√

48.-- sIm-¶¨- sdbn¬-shbp-sS \o-fw---?-(F)- 600 Io.-ao.-- (_n)- 760 In.-ao-(kn-)- 800 In.-ao- (Un-)- 900 In.-ao-

49.-- GXp- \Zn-bp-sS t]m-jI\Zn-Ifn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- ]©m-_n-\v- B t]cp-e`n-®Xv---?-(F)- Kw-K (_n)- Ir-jv-W(kn-)- kn-‘p- (Un-)- Imthcn-

50.-- Kw-K,- bap-\,- kckz-Xn- \Zn-Ifp-sS kw-Kaw- GXv- kw-ÿm-\Øn-em-Wv---?-(F)- _n-lm¿-- (_n)- lcn-bm-\(kn-)- ]iv-Nn-a_w-Kmƒ-- (Un-)- DØ¿-]tZiv-

Answers1 (a) 2 (d) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (d) 6 (a)7 (a) 8 (c) 9 (c) 10 (b) 11 (c)12 (b) 13 (b) 14 (a)15 (c) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18 (b) 19 (b) 20 (c)21 (a) 22 (b) 23 (c) 24 (d) 25 (a) 26 (a) 27 (a) 28 (b) 29 (b)30 (d) 31 (d) 32 (a) 33 (b) 34 (d) 35 (d) 36 (b) 37 (a)38 (c)39 (c) 40 (d) 41 (a) 42 (b) 43 (c) 44 (b) 45 (d) 46 (a) 47 (a)48 (b) 49 (c) 50 (d)

SSLC/HSC Level

18 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

* Aßm-Sn-∏p-d-sØ- Xn-cp-am-‘mw-Ip-∂v- tZ-ho-t£-X-\-S-bn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- am-am-¶-Øn-\v- Nm-th-dp-Iƒ- ]p-d-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.-

*- -am-am-¶-k-a-b-Øv- km-aq-Xn-cn- \n¬-°p-∂-ÿ-e-am-Wv- \n-e-]m-Sv- X-d- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ssIw- ayq-kn-bw- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øm-Wv.-

*- -Xn-cp-h-ºm-Sn- _o-®v- h¿-°-e-bv-°v- k-ao-]-am-Wv.-

*- -A-ø-¶m-fn- P-tem¬-k-hw- \-S-°p-∂-Xv- aq-∂mw- Hm-W-\m-fn¬- sh-≈m-b-Wn-°m-b-en-em-Wv.- Nn-d-bn-≥Io-gv- P-tem¬-k-hw-\-S-°p-∂-Xv- A-©p-sX-ßv- Im-b-en-em-Wv.-hm-a-\-]p-cw- \-Zn- A-©p-sX-ßv- Im-b-en¬- tN-cp-∂- ]p-fn-aq-Sv- F-∂- ÿ-e-sØ-I-S-hn-em-Wv- P-tem-’-hw.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- F-Æ-°p-cp-°ƒ- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- kw-ÿm-\w- D-Ø¿- ]-tZ-im-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Pp-Un-jy¬-tImw-π-Iv-kv- sN-ss∂-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -a-\p-jy-cn-se- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- tIm-a-tkmw- 21 ˛-a-tØ-Xm-Wv.- G-‰-hpw- h-ep-Xv- H-∂m-a-sØ-bpw.-

*- -cm-jv-S- \-b- \n¿-t±-i-I- X-Øz-ß-sfInstruments of Instructions F-∂v- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv- tUm.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿- B-Wv.-

*- -]-Z-hn-bn-se-Øpw-ap-ºv- `m-c-X- c-Xv-\- e-`n-®- B-Zy- ]-kn-U-‚ v- tUm.-k-°o¿- lp-ssk-\m-Wv.-

*- -P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- I-gn-™m¬- Im-em-h-[n-bm-b- A-©p-h¿-jw- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b-ti-jw- ho-≠pw- A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-b- G-I- t\-Xm-hv.-

*- -Iym-a¬-kv- lw-]v- au-≠-≥kv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- sh-≈-cn-a-e- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-se- Xn-cp-h-ºm-Sn,- h-b-\m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-se- ta-∏m-Sn- ]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn-em-bn- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p.- sh-≈-cn-a-e-bn-se- G-‰-hpw-D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bm-b- hm-hpƒ-a-e- (2339 ao.-)- ]-›n-a- L-´-Øn¬-jy- \o-e-Kn-cn-°v- h-S-°m-bn-´p-≈- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b- `m-K-am-Wv.-

*- -"-an-\n- em-k-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- [¿-a-im-e.-

*- -J-\n-I-fp-sS- \-K-cw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-[-≥_m-Zv- B-Wv.-

*- -ln-am-e-b-≥ ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se- hr-£-ß-sf-bpw- Po-hn-I-sf-bpw- kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- cq-]w- \¬-In-b- ]-ÿm-\-am-Wv- Nn-]v-tIm- ]-ÿm-\w.- N-tam-en- Pn-√-bn-se-a-Wv-U¬- Km-a-Øn¬- 1973˛¬- B-Wv- kw-L-S-\- cq-]w-sIm-≠-Xv.- N-Wv-Un-]-km-Zv-`-´v- F-∂- Km-ao-W-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬-cq-]w-sIm-≠- Cu- ]-ÿm-\w- a-c-ß-sf-sI- n-∏n-Sn-®p-\n-∂v- A-h-sb- kw-c-£n-°p-∂- k-a-c-ap-d-bm-Wv- kzo-I-cn-®-Xv.- Nn-]v-tIm- F-∂- hm-°n-\¿-Yw- sI-ń-∏n-Sn-°p-I- F-∂m-Wv.- kp-µ¿-em¬- _-lp-Kp-W-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- Cu- ]-ÿm-\w-tem-I-i-≤-bn-se-Øn-b-Xv.-

*- -I-gp-I-≥am-cn-√m-Ø- h-≥I-c-I-fm-Wv- Hm-kv-tS-en-b-bpw- A-‚m¿-ń-°-bpw.-

*- -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- Nn-e- en-]n-Iƒ- Xp-fp-hn¬- C-√- F-¶n-epw- Xp-fp- en-]n-°v- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- km-Zr-iyw- D-≈-Xv- a-e-bm-f- en-]n-tbm-Sm-Wv.-

*- -ssl-t°m-S-Xn- P-Uv-Pn-bm-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- A-∂m-Nm-≠n-bm-Wv.- tI-c-f- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bn¬- 1959˛-67 Im-e-b-f-hn¬- P-Uv-Pn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- No-^v-P-Ãn-km-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- eo-em- tk-Øv-B-Wv.- ln-am-N¬- ]-tZ-iv- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bn-em-Wv- A-h¿- ap-Jy- \ym-bm-[n-]- B-b-Xv- (1991).-

*- -cp-Iv-an-Wn- tZ-hn- A-cp-t≠¬- sN-ss∂-bv-°-Sp-Øv- A-U-bm-dn¬- I-em-t£-X-ÿm-]n-®-Xv- 1936˛¬- B-Wv.-

*- -en-]n-I-fp-sS- dm-Wn- F-∂v- B-Nm-cy- hn-t\m-_- `m-sh- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv- I-∂-U-en-]n-sbbm-Wv.-

*- -tlm-¨-_n¬- s^-Ãn-h¬- (HornbillFestival -)- \-S-°p-∂- Xv- sIm-ln-a-bv-°-Sp-Øv- In-km-a-bn-em-Wv.- C-Xv- h-S-°p-In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- km-kv-Im-cn-I- D-’-h-am-Wv.-

*- -sk-]v-Xw-_-dn-se- B-Zy- i-\n-bm-gv-N- C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬- hƒ-®¿- A-h-b¿-s\-kv-tU- B-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂p.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k-©-cn-°p-∂-^p-Uv- sS-Ãn-Mv- e-t_m-d-´-dn- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øm-Wv- (2016 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-).-C-¥y-bn¬- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- ]-Y-a-kw-cw-`w- Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv- N-Wv-Un-K-Vn-em-Wv- (2016 G-]n¬-)-

*- -Xn-`m-jm- ]-≤-Xn- \-S-∏n¬-h-cp-Øm-Ø-kw-ÿm-\w- X-an-gv-\m-Sm-Wv.- kn.-F-≥.-A-Æm-Zp-ssc-bp-sS- \n-e-]m-Sm-bn-cp-∂p- C-Xn-\v- Im-c-Ww.-

*- -sX-e-¶m-\-sb-bpw- dm-b-e-ko-a-sb-bpw-th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂- \-Zn-bm-Wv- Ir-jv-W.-

*- -_-“-]p-X-bp-sS- ]m-´p-Im-c-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv- `q-]-≥ l-km-cn-I- (1926˛-2011)- B-Wv.-

*- -B-‘m-]-tZ-in-s‚- sX-t°- A-‰-sØ-a-e-\n-c-I-fm-Wv- \m-K-em-]p-cw- a-e-Iƒ.-

*- -]m-cm-enw-]n-Iv-kn¬- sa-U¬- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ h-\n-X- Zo-]m- am-en-Iv- B-Wv.- 2016˛¬- tjm-Sv-]p-ń¬- sh-≈n- sa-U¬- t\-Sn.-

*- -bq-tdm-]y-≥am¿- H-cn-°¬- sP-¥p- F-∂p-hn-fn-®n-cp-∂- `m-j-bm-Wv- sX-ep-¶v.-

*- -1949˛¬- _w-Km-fn-t\m-Sv- tN¿-°-s∏-´- \m-´p-cm-Py-am-Wv- Ip-®v- _n-lm¿.- P-bv-]q-cn-se- cm-P-am-Xm-hv- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- ]-kn-≤-bm-b- Km-b-Xn-tZ-hn- (1919˛-2009)-Ip-®v- _n-lm-dn-se- cm-P-Ip-am-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- P-bv-]q-cn-se- A-h-km-\-sØ- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂- k-hm-bv- am-≥kn-Mv- c-≠m-a-s\-bm-Wv- A-h¿- hn-hm-lw-I-gn-®-Xv.-

*- -A-l-Ω-Zm-_m-Zn¬- \n-∂v- A-®-Sn-®n-cp-∂-\-h-Po-h-≥ F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-em-Wv- Km-‘n-Pn-bp-sS- B-fl-I-Y- B-Zy-am-bn- a-jn-]p-c-≠-Xv.- ]n-∂o-Sv- Cw-Kv-fn-jv-]-cn-`m-j- b-Mv- C-¥y-bn¬- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.- Cw-•n-jv- X¿-P-a- X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv-a-lm-tZ-hv- tZ-im-bn-bpw- ]ym-tc-em-ep-am-Wv.- 29 ap-X¬- 43 h-sc-bp-≈- A-[ym-b-ß-fm-Wv- ]ym-tc-em¬- sam-gn-am-‰w- \-S-Øn-b-Xv.- Cw-•n-jv- ]-cn-`m-j- c-≠v- thm-fy-ß-fm-bn- m-Wv- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv.- B-Zy-tØ-Xv- 1927˛-epw- c-≠m-a-tØ-Xv- 1929˛-ep-am-Wv- ]p-d-Øp-h-∂-Xv.-

*- -Km-‘n-Pn-bp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-bp-sS- Kp-P-dm-Øn- m-j-bn-se- io¿-j-Iw- k-Xym-\- ]-tbm-K- A-Y-hm- B-fl-I-Y- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- B-Zy- ln-µn- ]-cn-`m-j- k-Xy- sI-]-tbm-Kv- F-∂pw- B-Zy- _w-Km-fn- ]-cn-`m-j- k-tXy¿- ]-tbm-Kv- F-∂pw- D-≈-t]-cp-I-fn-em-Wv- ]-kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-b-Xv.-B-Zy- X-an-gv- ]-cn- m-j- X-øm-dm-°n-b- I¬-°n- (B¿.-Ir-jv-W-aq¿-Øn-)- k-Xy- tim-

en]n-I-fpsS dmWn[-ss\- F-∂- t]-cm-Wv- kzo-I-cn-®-Xv.- \-h-i-‡n- F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-em-Wv-A-Xv- J-Wv-U-»- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- P-bn¬- ayq-kn-bw- ÿm-]n-°m-≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®-Xv- I-Æq¿-P-bn-en-em-Wv.-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ssl- sk-Iyq-cn-‰n- P-bn¬- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- hn-øq-cn-em-Wv-(2016).-

*- -Nq-e-∂q¿- a-bn¬- k-t¶-X-Øn-se- 200sl-Iv-S¿- ÿ-ew- Ip-©-≥ \-ºym-cp-sS-kv-a-c-W-bv-°m-bn- Ip-©-≥ \-ºym¿- kv-ar-Xn-h-\w- F-∂v- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.-

*- -C-‚¿-s\-‰v- e-`y-X- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-am-bn-sF-Iy-cm-jv-S- kw-L-S-\- ]-Jym-]n-®-h¿-j-am-Wv- 2011.-

*- -Pm¿-J-Wv-Un-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- `m-K-am-Wv- ]-c-kv-\m-Yv.- C-hn-sS- ]-kn-≤-am-b- H-cp- ssP-\-t£-X-ap-≠v.-

*- -Km-ao-W- ta-J-e-bn¬- k-ºq¿-W- iu-Nm-e-b- ]-≤-Xn- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Pn-√- Xr-»q-cm-Wv.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ- (A-kw,- A-cp-Wm-N¬,- \m-Km-em-≥Uv,- an-skm-dw-)- ]-cn-[n-bn¬- h-cp-∂- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- (4)- Kp-h-l-Øn-bm-Wv.- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-Uv-Pn-am-cp-≈-Xv- A-e-l-_m-Zv-ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bn-em-Wv.-

*- cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- i¿-°-c- ayq-kn-bw-ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xv- C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bn-se- a-d-bq-cn-em-Wv.-

*- -\m-ep- kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ- A-[n-Im-c- ]-cn-[n-bn¬- h-cp-∂- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- Kp-h-l-Øn.- c-≠v- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fpw- (a-lm-cm-jv-S,- tKm-h-)- c-≠v- tI-µ-`-c-W-]-tZ-i-ß-fpw- (Zm-a-≥˛-Zn-bp,- Z-Z-˛-\-K¿- l-th-en-)- Io-gn-ep-≈- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- apw-ss_.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- kw-ÿm-\-ßƒ- ]-cn-[n-bn¬- h-cp-∂- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- Kp-h-l-Øn.- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Pn-√-Iƒ- A-[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn-ep-≈- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- A-e-l-_m-Zv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Im¿-_- - \yq-S¬-hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw- F-∂- t\- w- ssI-h-cn-®-Xv- \yq-sU¬-ln-bn-se- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-am-Wv.-

* tIc-fØn-se- Z-fn-Xv- hn-tam-N-\-]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- k-ap-∂-X- t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂- ]m-ºm-Sn- tPm-¨- tPm-k-^v,- ]p-e-b- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v- a-X-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w- \-S-Ø-s∏-´- H-cm-fp-sS- a-I-\m-bn- 1887˛¬- Xn-cp-h-√-bv-°-Sp-Øv- P-\n-®p.-

*- -G-gmw- ¢m-kv- ]-T-\w- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b-ti-jw- A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn- tIm- -b-Øn-\-Sp-Øp-≈- ]m-ºm-Sn- F-∂- ÿ-e-Øv- tPm-en-bn¬-]-th-in-®p.- t]-cn-\v- ap-∂n¬- ]m-ºm-Sn- F-∂- ÿ-ew- h-∂-Xv- A-ß-s\-bm-Wv.-

*- -H-∂mw- tem-I- a-lm-bp-≤-°m-e-Øv- 1914˛¬-tPm-en- D-t]-£n-®v- ]-´m-f-Øn¬- tN¿-∂p.-]-´m-f-tk-h-\-Øn-\p-ti-jw- \m-ń¬- Xn-cn-s®-Øn-b- A-t±-lw- X-s‚- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- A-h-i-X-Iƒ- ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂- Im-cy-

ß-fn¬- k-Po-h-am-bn.-*- -1921 P-\p-h-cn- 14˛-\v- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- tN-

c-a¿- a-lm-k-`- ÿm-]n-®p.- 1919˛¬- tPm-¨- tPm-k- n-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- B-cw- n-®- km-[p-P-\-Zq-X-≥ F-∂- am-kn-I- ]n-∂o-Sv- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- ap-J-]-X-am-bn.- C-Xn-s‚-]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- 1924 h-sc- Xp-S¿-∂p.-

*- -]p-e-b¿- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zn-a- \n-hm-kn-I-fm-Wv- F-∂v- hn-iz-kn-®- tPm- - tPm-k- v- X-s‚- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- t]-cv- tI-c-f-Øn-se- P-\-ßƒ- F-∂¿-Y-ap-≈- tN-c-a¿- F-∂v- ]-cn-jv-I-cn-®p.- X-ß-fp-sS- \-jv-S-s∏- - A-h-Im-i-ßƒ-°m-bn- tN-c-a¿- a-lm-k- - t]m-cm-Sn.- tN-c-a¿,-]p-e-b¿,- ]-d-b¿,- Ip-d-h¿- Xp-S-ßn-b- k-ap-Zm-b-ßƒ- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zn-Zm-hn-U- hn- m-K-ß-fm-Wv- F-∂-t±-lw- hn-iz-kn-®p.-

*- -tI-c-f- \-thm-∞m-\-kw-`-h-Øn-se- H-cp-kp-]-[m-\-kw-`-h-am-Wv- X-s‚- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- B-flm-`n-am-\w- ho-s≠-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\v- tPm-¨- tPm-k-^v- sF-°-c- \m-Sp-hm-gn-°v- kzo-I-c-Ww- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®-Xv.- tN-c-hw-i-Øn-se- A-h-km-\-sØ- \m-Sp-hm-gn-bp-sS- ]n-∑p-d-°m-cm-Wv- sF-°-c-°p-dp-∏-≥am¿- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- A-h-cn¬- H-cm-fm-b- Ir-jv-Wm-Zn- B-im-\m-bn-cp-∂p- A-°m-e-Øv- sF-°-c- X-d-hm-´p- Im-c-W-h¿.-

*- -1923 am¿-®v- H-≥]-Xn-\v- sF-°-c- b-P-am-\-\v- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- kzo-I-c-Ww- kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- X-ß-fp-sS- ]p-Ø-≥ \m-Sp-hm-gn-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

*- -tPm- - tPm-k- v- F-gp-Xn-b- k-h¿-W- In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fpw- A-h¿-W- In-kv-Xym-\n-I-

fpw- F-∂- ]p-kv-X-Iw- k-h¿-W- In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- h-en-b- ]-Xn-tj-[-Øn-\v- C-S-h-cp-Øn.-

*- -km-d-bm-Wv- tPm-¨- tPm-k-^n-s‚- Po-hn-X- ]-¶m-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-

*- -1931˛¬- io-Nn-Øn-c- tÃ-‰v- Iu-¨-kn-en-te-°v- tPm-¨- tPm-k-^v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.- A-ø-¶m-fn-°pw- s]m-bv-I-bn¬- A-∏-®-\pw- H-∏w- `q-an- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®v- Z-fn-X¿-°n-S-bn¬- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-øp-∂- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- G¿-s∏-´p.-

*- -1935 G-]n¬- 24˛-\v- Z-fn-X¿-°v- a-‰p-≈-h¿-s°m-∏w- ]u-cm-h-Im-i-ßƒ- A-\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏- p-sIm-≠v- _n- n-jv- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n¬- \n-th-Z-\w- k-a¿-∏n-®p.-

*- -1940 Pq-sse-bn¬- A-¥-cn-®-p.

]mºmSn tPm¨ tPmk^vtIcf \thm-∞m\w

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 19

1.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h¿-°v- `m-c-X- c-Xv-\w- e-`n-®-Xn-s‚- i-cn-bm-b- I-aw- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°p-I-:- 1.- tUm.-cm-tP-µ-]-km-Zv- 2.- tUm.-F-kv- cm-[m-Ir-jv-W-≥ 3.- tUm.-k-°o¿-lp-ssk-≥ -(F-)- 1,-2,-3 -(_n-)- 2,-1,-3(kn-)- 2,-3,-1 -(Un-)- 1,-3,-2

2.- -B-Zy-sØ- io-X-Im-e- ]m-c-enw-]n-Iv-kv- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 1960 -(_n-)- 1924(kn-)- 1976 -(Un-)- 1988

3.- -K-h¿-W¿- ]-Z-hn-bn-en-s°- A-¥-cn-®- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn-:-(F-)- -]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈- -(_n-)- F.-sP.-tPm-¨-(kn-)- hn.-sI.-th-e-∏-≥(Un-)- tUm.-F.-B¿.-ta-t\m-≥

4.- -kz-cm-Pv-`q-an-bn¬- A-¥y-\n-Z- sIm-≈p-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- tUm.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿- -(_n-)- sI.-B¿.-\m-cm-b-W-≥(kn-)- a-lm-tZ-hv- tZ-im-bn- -(Un-)- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c- Xn-e-I-≥

5.- -tK-‰v-th- Hm-^v- C-¥y- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-X- ssh-tkm-bn-:-(F-)- - C¿-hn-≥ -(_n-)- U-^-dn-≥(kn-)- do-Un-Mv- -(Un-)- I-gv-k-¨-

6.- -D-Pn-\n- X-Æo¿-Ø-Sw- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-?-(F-)- a-lm-cm-jv-S- -(_n-)- a-[y-]-tZ-iv-(kn-)- H-Un-j- -(Un-)- Kp-P-dm-Øv-

7.- -G-Xv- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn-em-Wv- 1885˛¬- apw-ss_-bn¬- s^¿-Kp-k-≥tIm-tf-Pv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-?-(F-)- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- --(_n-)- sU-°m-¨- F-Uyp-t°-j-

≥ skm-ssk-‰n-(kn-)- Xn-tbm-k-^n-°¬- skm-ssk-‰n- -(Un-)- t_mw-s_- ]-kn-U-≥kn- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-≥

8.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-cn¬- B-cm-Wv- Pm-en-b-≥hm-em-_m-Kv- Iq-´-s°m-e-bp-sS- k-a-b-sØ- ]-©m-_v- K-h¿-W-dm-bn-cp-∂- ssa-°¬- H-U-b-dp-am-bn- \n-b-a-bp-≤-Øn¬-G¿-s∏-´-Xv-?-(F-)- hn.-]n.-ta-t\m-≥-(_n-)- kn.-i-¶-c-≥ \m-b¿-(kn-)- D-±w- kn-Mv- -(Un-)- sI.-tI-f-∏-≥

9.- -]-d-hq¿- Sn.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n-≈- cm-Pn-h-®-t∏mƒ- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b-Xv- B-cm-Wv-?-(F-)- F.-sP.-tPm-¨- -(_n-)- ]-\-ºn-≈n- tKm-hn-µ-ta-t\m-≥(kn-)- kn.-tI-i-h-≥ -(Un-)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈-

10.- -^n-tdm-kv- Po-Pm-`m-bv- S-th-gv-kn¬- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- ]-i-kv-X-am-b- ÿm-]-\w-:-(F-)- dn-k¿-hv- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y-(_n-)- \m-j-W¬- tÃm-°v- F-Iv-kv-tN-©v-(kn-)- t_mw-s_- tÃm-°v- F-Iv-kv-tN-©v--(Un-)- apw-ss_- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-

11.- -hn-eyw- tem-K-s‚- a-e-_m¿- am-\z¬- ]-kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-b- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 1887 -(_n-)- 1888(kn-)- 1889 -(Un-)- 1890

12.- -tKm-h-bp-sS- hn-tam-N-\-Øn-\v- t\-Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-b-Xv-?-(F-)- F.-F-kv.-ssh-Zy--(_n-)- sI.-sI.-tN-‰q¿-(kn-)- e-^v.-P-\-d¬- I-t≠-Øv- -(Un-)- tkm-a-\m-Yv- i¿-a-

13.- -£-W-°-Øv- tZ-h-\m-K-cn- en-]n-bn-em-b-Xn-

\m¬- ]-Zv-a-io- \n-c-kn-®- t\-Xm-hm-cv-?-(F-)- sI.-tI-f-∏-≥ -(_n-)- Fw.-Pn.-B¿.-(kn-)- kzm-an- cw-K-\m-Ym-\-µ- -(Un-)- _m-_m- Bw-sX-

14.- -D¬-°m- ]-X-\-Øn-s‚- ^-e-am-bn- cq-]w-sIm-≠- X-Sm-Iw-:-(F-)- Nn¬-°- -(_n-)- kmw-`m¿-(kn-)- hq-fm¿- -(Un-)- tem-Wm¿-

15.- -]-Zv-a- _-lp-a-Xn-Iƒ- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 1954 -(_n-)- 1950(kn-)- 1956 -(Un-)- 1947

16.- -\-km-Wn- km-ln-Xy- ]-Im-in-I- F-∂-t]-cn¬- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- Xp-S-ßm-≥ B-Zyw- D-t±-in-®n-cp-∂- ]-Xw-:-(F-)- a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a- -(_n-)- Zo-]n-I-(kn-)- tI-c-f- ]-Xn-I- -(Un-)- cm-Py-k-am-Nm-cw-

17.- -C-¥y-≥ D-]-`q-J-Wv-U-Øn-\p-sh-fn-bn¬-P-\n-°p-I-bpw- C-¥y-bp-sS-bpw- ]m-In-kv-Xm-s‚-bpw- ]-c-tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn-Iƒ-e-`n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- G-I- hy-‡n-:-(F-)- a-Z¿- sX-tc-k- -(_n-)- A-Xn¿-Øn- Km-‘n-(kn-)- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn- -(Un-)- s\¬-k-¨- a-t≠-e-

18.- -1888˛¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- B-Zy-sØ-dn-k¿-hv- h-\-am-bn- ]-Jym-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv-:-(F-)- s\-√n-°mw-]-ń- -(_n-)- sN-¥p-cp-Wn-(kn-)- A-K-kv-Xy-Iq-Sw- -(Un-)- tIm-∂n-

19.- -1949˛¬- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n- kw-tbm-P-\w- \-S-∂- k-a-b-Øv- sIm-®n-bn-se- `-c-W-km-c-Yn- B-cm-bn-cp-∂p-?-(F-)- sI.-A-ø-∏-≥ -(_n-)-C-°-≠-hm-cy¿-(kn-)- ]-\-ºn-≈n- tKm-hn-µ-ta-t\m-≥ -(Un-)- Sn.-sI.-\m-b¿-

20.- -1957 -se- tem-Iv-k- m- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- hn.-sI.-Ir-jv-W-ta-t\m-≥ P-bn-®- a-Wv-U-ew-:-

(F-)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw--(_n-)- t_mw-s_- t\m¿-Øv-(kn-)- t_mw-s_- ku-Øv- -(Un-)- Hu-´¿- sU¬-ln-

21.- -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- se-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- Iu-¨-kn-en-s‚- B-Zy- tbm-K-Øn¬- A-[y-£-X- h-ln-®- Zn-hm-≥:-(F-)- am-[-h-dm-hp- -(_n-)- kn.-]n.-cm-a-kzm-an- A-ø¿-(kn-)- ]n.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn- -(Un-)- cm-a-dm-hp-

22.-in-h-km-K¿- X-Sm-Iw- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv-?-(F-)- cm-P-ÿm-≥ -(_n-)- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Uv-(kn-)- a-lm-cm-jv-S- -(Un-)- I¿-Wm-S-Iw-

23.- -tPm¿-Pv- A-©m-a-≥ cm-Pm-hv- C-¥y-bn¬-h-∂- h¿-j-ta-Xv-?-(F-)- 1911 -(_n-)- 1912(kn-)- 1913 -(Un-)- 1914

24.- -sk-≥sk-Iv-kv- F-∂- ]-Zw- B-Zy-am-bn-D-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv-:-(F-)- Zo-]-Iv- sam-lm-\n- -(_n-)- sI.-F-≥.-cm-Pv-(kn-)- Pm-Iz-kv- sU-sk--(Un-)- a-l-e-t\m-_n-kv-

25.- -F-X- h¿-j-sØ- Im-em-h-[n- \n-›-bn-®m-Wv- 1885˛¬- ap-√-s∏-cn-bm¿- ]m-´-°-cm¿- H-∏p-h-®-Xv-?-(F-)- 100 -(_n-)- 99(kn-)- 999 -(Un-)- 1000

Answers1(b) 2(c) 3(b) 4(d) 5(c) 6(a) 7(b) 8(b) 9(c) 10(c)11(a) 12(c) 13(b) 14(d) 15(a) 16(b) 17(d) 18(d)19(b) 20(b) 21(d) 22(c) 23(a) 24(a) 25(c)

* _nńjp-Im¿-s°-Xn-sc- a-e-_m--dn-se- B-Zy-sØ- i-‡-hpw- P-\-Io-b-hp-am-b- k-a-cw- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- h-S-°-≥ tIm- -b-sØ- tI-c-f- h¿-a- ]-g-»n-cm-P-bm-Wv.- tIm-´-bw- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚- H-cp- im-J-bm-b- ]p-d-\m-´p- kz-cq-]-Øn-se- ]-Sn-™m-td- tIm-hn-e-I-Øm-Wv- ]-g-»n- cm-P-bp-sS- P-\-\w-(1753).- Cw-•n-jp-Im-cpw- ssa-kq-cp-am-bp-≈-bp-≤-Øn¬- ]-g-»n- cm-P- Cw-•n-jp-Im-cp-sS- ]-£-Øm-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬,- ]n-∂o-Sv- A-h¿- ]-g-»n-tbm-Sv- \o-Xn-c-ln-X-am-b-k-ao-]-\-am-Wv- ]p-e¿-Øn-b-Xv.- ]-g-»n-°v-kz-¥w- cm-Pyw- \-jv-S-am-bn.- am-X-a-√,- tIm-´-bw- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- G-Xm-\p- `m-K-Øp-\n-∂v- \n-Ip-Xn- ]n-cn-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw-Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n- Ip-dp-º-\m-Sv- cm-Pm-hm-b- ho-c-h¿-a-sb- G¬-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- ]-g-»n-bp-sS- am-Xp-e-\m-bn-cp-∂p- Ip-dp-º-\m-Sv- cm-Pm-hv.- A-\p-Zn-\w- Iq-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂- _n-ń-jv- hn-cp-≤-hn-Im-cw- ap-X-se-Sp-Øv- ]-g-»n-cm-P- H-cp- P-\-Io-b- k-a-cw- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®p.- \n-Ip-Xn- ]n-cn-hn-s\-F-Xn¿-Ø- ]-g-»n- I-º-\n-sb- [n-°-cn-®p-sIm-≠v- kz-¥w- \m-ń¬- `-c-Ww- \-S-Øn.-]-g-»n-bp-sS- I-em-]-sØ- A-a¿-®- sN-øm-≥ I-º-\n- \-S-]-Sn-I-fm-cw-`n-®p.- ]-g-»n- h-b-\m-S-≥ h-\m-¥-c-ß-fn-te-°v- ]n-≥hm-ßn-

H-fn-t∏m¿- X-¥w- ]-tbm-Kn-®p.- ]-g-»n-bp-sS- K-dn-√m- bp-≤-ap-d-I-fn-eq-sS- I-º-\n-°v- ]-e- Xn-cn-®-Sn-I-fpw- t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-∂p.-X-Xv-^-e-am-bn- 1797˛¬- I-º-\n- ]-g-»n-bp-am-bn- H-cp- Xm-Xv-Im-en-I- k-‘n-°v- X-øm-

dm-bn.- A-Xp-]-Im-cw- Ip-dp-º-\m-Sv- cm-Pm-hn-\v- \n-Ip-Xn- ]n-cn-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂- A-h-Im-iw- d-±m-°n.- Iq-Sm-sX,- ]-g-»n-°v- ]-Xn-h¿-jw- F-Æm-bn-cw- cq-]- s]-≥j-≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- Cu- bp-≤-hn-cm-a-Øn-\v- a-[y-ÿ-X- h-ln-®-Xv- Nn-d-bv-°¬- cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -1799˛¬- \m-emw- Bw-t•m-˛-ssa-kq¿- bp-≤m-\-¥-c-ap-≠m-b- D-S-º-Sn- ]-Im-cw- h-b-\m-Sv- ]-tZ-iw-Iq-Sn- Cw-•n-jp-Im¿-°v- e-`n-®p.- F-∂m¬,- ]-g-»n- h-b-\m-Sn-\p-ta¬-A-h-Im-i-ap-∂-bn-°p-I-bpw- _n- n-jp-Im-sc- F-Xn¿-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- c-≠mw- ]-g-»n- k-a-c-sa-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Cu- kw-L¿-jw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- 1800˛¬- B-Wv.- \m-b-∑m¿,- Ip-dn-Ny¿,- am-∏n-f-am¿- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cpƒ-s∏- - h-en-b- ssk-\y-sØ- A-t±-lw-k-÷-am-°n.- I-º-\n- ssk-\y-hpw- ]-g-»n-ssk-\y-hpw- X-Ωn¬- \n-c-h-[n- G-‰p-ap-´-ep-I-fp-≠m-bn.-

*- -X-e-t»-cn- k-_v-I-e-Iv-S-dm-bn- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰- tXm-a-kv- lm¿-hn- _m-_¿- ]-g-»n-sb-tXm¬-]n-°m-≥ X-¥-ßƒ- sa-\-™p.-1805 \-hw-_¿- 30\v- ]p¬-]-≈n- am-hn-e-tØm-Sn-\v- k-ao-]w-h-®p-≠m-b- G-‰p-ap-´-en¬- sh-Sn-tb-‰v- ]-g-»n- a-c-W-a-S-™p- (A-t±-lw- B-fl-l-Xy- sN-bv-X-Xm-sW-∂pw-

]g»n ka-c-ßƒ (1793- 1805)

]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-).-*- -]-g-»n- Ip-So-cw- am-\-¥-hm-Sn-bn-epw- ]-g-

»n- ayq-kn-bw- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Cu-kv-‰v- ln-√n-epw- ]-g-»n- A-W-s°-´v- I-Æq¿- Pn-√-bn-ep-am-Wv- .-

*- -I-Æ-h-Øv- i-¶-c-≥ \-ºym¿,- ssI-tX-cn-A-ºp- F-∂n-h¿- cm-P-bp-sS- D-Zy-a-ß-fn¬-]n-¥p-W-]-I¿-∂-h-cm-Wv.- ]-g-»n-bp-sS- h-ew-ssI-bm-bn-cp-∂- a-s‰m-cp- ]-ap-J-\m-Wv-F-S-t®-\- Ip-¶-≥.- ]-g-»n-sb- k-lm-bn-®-Ip-dn-Ny-t\-Xm-hm-Wv- X-e-bv-°¬- N-¥p.-

*- -]-g-»n- k-a-c-ß-fp-sS- th-Zn-bm-bn-cp-∂- ]p-c-fn-a-e- X-e-t»-cn- Xm-eq-°n-em-Wv.- tIm-´-bw- cm-Pm-°-≥am-cp-sS- a-s‰m-cp- t]-cm-Wv- ]p-c-fo-iz-c-≥am¿.- io-t]m¿-°-en- `-K-h-Xn-bm-Wv- `-c-tZ-h-X.-

*- -]-g-»n-sb- tXm¬-]n-°m-≥ ]-cn-i-an-®-_n-ń-jv- ta-P¿- P-\-d-em-b- B¿-X¿- sh-√-…n- A-°m-e-Øv- K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d-em-bn-cp-∂- dn-®m¿-Uv- tIm-fn- sh-√-…n-bp-sS-A-\p-P-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- dn-®m¿-Uv- tIm-fn- sh-√-…n-bp-sS- Im-em-h-[n- 1805 am¿-®n¬- A-h-km-\n-®-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂v- C-cp-h-cpw- kz-tZ-i-tØ-°v- a-S-ßn.-

*- -k¿-Zm¿- sI.-Fw.-]-Wn-°-cm-Wv- ]-g-»n- cm-P-sb- "-tI-c-f- knw-lw-'- F-∂v- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.

HtŒm-_¿-- 1 e°w _p≈-‰n-\ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ s]mXp-hn-⁄m\ \ne-hmcw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp tNmZy-t]-∏-dm-Wn-Xv. Hmtcm icn-bp-Ø-c-Øn\pw Hcp am¿°v. sX‰nbm¬ 0.33 s\K-‰ohvam¿°v.48 am¿°v apX¬ 50 hsc Excellent, 43- 47 Very Good, 36- 42- Good, 26˛35˛ Average. 25 -am¿°n\p Xmsg-bm-sW-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ a\- n-cpØnbpw Bh¿Øn®pap≈ hmb\ A\n-hm-cyw.

Test Your GK

tIc-f-N-cnXw

20 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

EXAMINATION PROGRAMME - DECEMBER 2016Sl Date &No. Time Name of Post, Department & Syllabus Category No.

8 08/12/2016 PHARMACIST GRADE II 515/2015Thursday INSURANCE MEDICAL SERVICES TVM, KLM07.30 AM* Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the EKM, TSR

to 09.15 AM qualification prescribed for the post. KKDPart I : Questions based on Educational qualification prescribedPart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.infrom 24/11/2016

9 08/12/2016 COMPOUNDER 165/2016Thursday (PHARMACIST)/COMPOUNDER07.30 AM* PLANTATION CORPORATION OF KERALA LIMITED/

to 09.15 AM STATE FARMING CORPORATION OF KERALA LIMITEDSyllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on thequalification prescribed for the post.Part I : Questions based on Educational qualification prescribedPart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.infrom 24/11/2016

10 08/12/2016 PHARMACIST GRADE II 244/2016Thursday (SR FOR ST ONLY) KTM07.30 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

to 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on thequalification prescribed for the post.Part I : Questions based on Educational qualification prescribedPart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.infrom 24/11/2016

11 08/12/2016 PHARMACIST GRADE II 245/2016Thursday (SR FOR ST ONLY) TVM, KLM,PTA07.30 AM* HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT ALP,KTM,IDK

to 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the EKM,TSR,qualification prescribed for the post. PKD, MPM,Part I : Questions based on Educational qualification prescribed KKD,WYD,Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala KNR, KGD(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.infrom 24/11/2016

COMMON TEST FOR SL.No. 8, 9, 10 & 11 ABOVE12 09/12/2016 LECTURER IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 187/2016

Friday (GOVT POLYTECHNICS) Further details07.30 AM* TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT regarding main

to 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the topics arequalification prescribed for the post. available onPart I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala the websitePart II(a) : Technical Mathematics Part II(b) : Basic Civil EngineeringPart II(c) : Basic Mechanical Engineering Part II(d) : Basic ElectricalEngineering Part II(e) : Basic Electronics EngineeringPart III: Questions based on Core Subject(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 25/11/2016

13 14/12/2016 LABORATORY TECHNICIAN GRADE II/LABORATORY ASSISTANT 240/2015Wednesday GRADE II WYD07.30 AM* ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT Further details

to 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the regarding mainqualification prescribed for the post. topics arePart I : Questions based on Educational qualification available on thePart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala website(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 30/11/2016

14 15/12/2016 TRADESMAN 530/2015Thursday (REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING) MPM,KNR07.30 AM* TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT EKM

to 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on thequalification prescribed for the post.Part I : Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : GeneralKnowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)

Sl Date &No. Time Name of Post, Department & Syllabus Category No.

1 01/12/2016 LIBRARIAN GRADE IV 504/2015Thursday KERALA COMMON POOL LIBRARY07.30 AM* (By Transfer from graduate with Degree in Library and Information Science)

to 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on thequalification prescribed for the post.Part I : Questions based on Educational Qualification Part II : GeneralKnowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 17/11/2016

2 01/12/2016 LIBRARIAN GRADE IV 505/2015Thursday KERALA COMMON POOL LIBRARY07.30 AM* (By Transfer from candidate with SSLC and Diploma in Library Science)


3 01/12/2016 LIBRARIAN GRADE IV 506/2015Thursday KERALA COMMON POOL LIBRARY07.30 AM* (By Transfer from candidates with SSLC and Certificate in Library Science)


4 01/12/2016 LIBRARIAN GRADE IV 507/2015Thursday KERALA COMMON POOL LIBRARY07.30 AM* (Direct Recruitment)


COMMON TEST FOR SL.No. 1, 2, 3 & 4 ABOVE5 02/12/2016 TRADESMAN (TURNING) 529/2015

Friday TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT IDK07.30 AM* Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the

to 09.15 AM qualification prescribed for the postPart I : Questions based on Technical Qualification Part II : GeneralKnowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 18/11/2016

6 06/12/2016 TECHNICAL SUPERVISOR 658/2014Tuesday KERALA ARTISANS DEVELOPMENT Further details

07.30 AM* CORPORATION LIMITED regarding mainto 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation)based on the topics are

qualification prescribed for the post. available onPart I : Electrical Engineering Part II : Mechanical Engineering the websitePart III : Electronics Engineering Part IV : General Knowledge,Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 22/11/2016

7 07/12/2016 DRAFTSMAN GRADE II/TOWN 428/2015Wednesday PLANNING SURVEYOR GRADE II07.30 AM * (SR FOR SC/ST)to 09.15 AM TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING

Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on thequalification prescribed for the post.Part I : Questions based on Educational qualification prescribedPart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 23/11/2016

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 21



Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 01/12/2016

15 16/12/2016 LECTURER IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 211/2015Friday (GOVT POLYTECHNICS) Further details

07.30 AM* TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT regarding mainto 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the topics are

qualification prescribed for the post. available onPart I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala the websitePart II(a) : Technical Mathematics Part II(b) : Basic Civil EngineeringPart II(c) : Basic Mechanical Engineering Part II(d) : Basic ElectricalEngineering Part II(e) : Basic Electronics EngineeringPart III: Questions based on Core Subject(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions- ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 02/12/2016

16 17/12/2016 U.P.SCHOOL ASSISTANT 386/2014Saturday (MALAYALAM MEDIUM) TVM, KLM

01.30 PM* EDUCATION DEPARTMENT PTA, ALP to 03.15 PM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the KTM, IDK

qualification prescribed for the post. EKM, TSRPart I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala PKD, MPMPart II : General Science Part III : Social Science Part IV : Simple Arithmetic KKD, WYDPart V : General English Part VI : Educational Child Psychology KNR, KGD(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-MALAYALAM)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 03/12/2016

17 20/12/2016 PLUMBER/PLUMBER CUM OPERATOR 91/2016Tuesday INSURANCE MEDICAL SERVICES TVM, ALP

07.30AM* Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the KTM, KKD to 09.15AM qualification prescribed for the post.

Part I:Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : GeneralKnowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions- MALAYALAM/TAMIL/KANNADA)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 06/12/2016

18 21/12/2016 U.P.SCHOOL ASSISTANT 413/2013Wednesday (KANNADA MEDIUM) KGD07.30AM * EDUCATION DEPARTMENTto 09.15AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the

qualification prescribed for the post.Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of KeralaPart II : General Science Part III : Social Science Part IV : Simple Arithmetic

Part V : General English Part VI : Educational Child Psychology(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-KANNADA)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 07/12/2016

19 22/12/2016 TRADESMAN (SM LAB) 518/2015Thursday TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT KKD07.30AM* Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the

to 09.15AM qualification prescribed for the post.Part I:Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : GeneralKnowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 08/12/2016

20 23/12/2016 TRADESMAN 521/2015Friday (AUTOMOBILE MECHANIC) PKD

07.30 AM* TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENTto 09.15 AM Syllabus : An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the

qualification prescribed for the post.Part I:Questions based on Technical qualification Part II : GeneralKnowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-ENGLISH)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 09/12/2016

NOTE:- 1) It may be noted that apart from the Main Topics in the Syllabus referred to in the ExaminationProgramme, questions from other topics related to the educational qualifications prescribed for thepost may also appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics mentionedunder the sub head “Main Topics” may be covered in the question paper.

2) In addition to the Admission Tickets, candidates have to produce the original of any one of thefollowing documents to prove their identity at the time of examination viz. Voters Identity Card, Pass-port, PAN Card, Driving License, Pass Book with photo issued by Nationalized Banks, Photo IdentityCard issued by Government Depart- ments, Photo Identity Card issued by Social Welfare Department,Govt. of Kerala to Physically Handi- capped persons, Photo affixed Identity issued to the Ex-service-men by the Zilla Sainik Welfare Officer /Discharge Certificate, Conductor License issued by MotorVehicles Department, Photo affixed pass book issued by Scheduled Banks/Kerala State Co-operativeBank/ District Co-operative Banks, Photo affixed Identity Card issued by Public Sector Undertakings(various companies/ corporations/boards/authori - ty)/ Govt. autonomous institutions to their employ-ees, Photo affixed Identity Card issued by Various Universities of Kerala to their employees, Photoaffixed Medical Certificate issued by Medical Board to P.H. candidates Photo affixed Identity Cardissued by Bar Council to those who are enrolled as Advo - cates, AADHAAR card issued by the CentralGovernment, One Time Verification Certificate issued by Kerala Public Service Commission Candi-dates who fail to produce Original Identity Proof will not be permitted to attend the examination.


1 05/12/2016 ASSISTANT ENGINEER 382/2014Monday (SR FOR PH) Further details

10.00 AM* KERALA WATER AUTHORITY regarding mainto Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed topics are

12.15 PM for the post. available on theMain Topics : Part I : Civil Engineering Part II : Chemical Engineering websitePart III : Mechanical Engineering Part IV : General Knowledge, CurrentAffairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-English)ONLINE EXAMINATIONDate of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before16/11/2016(Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 26/11/2016

2 19/12/2016 LECTURER IN VEENA 210/2015Monday COLLEGIATE EDUCATION

10.00 AM* (MUSIC COLLEGES)to Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the

12.15 PM qualification prescribed for the post.Main Topics :Part I : Questions based on Educational QualificationPart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-English)ONLINE EXAMINATIONDate of completion of OTR Verification should be on or before 30/11/2016(Circular 13/2015) Candidates can download the Admission Ticketsthrough their One Time Registration Profile in theWebsite www.keralapsc.gov.in from 09/12/2016

ONLINE EXAMINATION PROGRAMME - DECEMBER 2016Sl Date &No. Time Name of Post, Department & Syllabus Category No.

3 28/12/2016 II GRADE OVERSEER/ DRAFTSMAN (CIVIL) 537/2014Wednesday (SR FOR PH)10.00 AM* IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

to Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed12.15 PM for the post.

Main Topics : Part I : Questions based on Technical QualificationPart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-English)ONLINE EXAMINATION

4 28/12/2016 II GRADE OVERSEER/ DRAFTSMAN (CIVIL) 33/2015Wednesday (SR FOR PH)10.00 AM* PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

to ONLINE EXAMINATION12.15 PM Date of completion of OTR Verification on above Sl.Nos. 3 & 4 should be

on or before 09/12/2016(Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets on above Sl.Nos. 3 & 4through their One Time Registration Profile in the Websitewww.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/12/2016

COMMON TEST FOR SL.No.3 & 4 ABOVE5 29/12/2016 HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER-COMPUTER SCIENCE 99/2015

Thursday (SR FOR SC/ST)10.00 AM* HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION

to Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification12.15 PM prescribed for the post.

Main Topics : Part I : Questions based on Educational QualificationPart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-English)ONLINE EXAMINATION

22 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15

6 29/12/2016 HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER(JUNIOR) - 104/2015Thursday COMPUTER SCIENCE10.00 AM* (SR FOR SC/ST)

to HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION

Date of completion of OTR Verification on above Sl.Nos. 5 & 6 should beon or before 09/12/2016 (Circular 13/2015)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets on above Sl. Nos. 5 & 6through their One Time Registration Profile in the Websitewww.keralapsc.gov.in from 20/12/2016

COMMON TEST FOR SL.No.5 & 6 ABOVE7 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/LECTURER IN NEUROSURGERY 121/2015

Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION M

to Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed12.15 PM for the post.

Main Topics : Part I : Questions based on MBBS QualificationPart II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance of Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions-English)ONLINE EXAMINATION

8 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/LECTURER IN NEUROSURGERY 122/2015Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION E/T/Bto ONLINE EXAMINATION

12.15 PM9 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/LECTURER IN OBSTETRICS 307/2015

Friday AND GYNAECOLOGY10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) LC/AI

to MEDICAL EDUCATION12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION

10 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN CARDIOVASCULAR 383/2015Friday AND THORACIC SURGERY

10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) SCto MEDICAL EDUCATION

12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION11 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN PATHOLOGY 435/2015

Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION

to ONLINE EXAMINATION HN12.15 PM

12 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN PATHOLOGY 436/2015Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION Mto ONLINE EXAMINATION

12.15 PM13 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN PAEDIATRICS 437/2015

Friday SURGERY (NCA NOTIFICATION)10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION E/T/B

to12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION

14 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN RADIOTHERAPY 438/2015Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION STto

12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION15 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN GENERAL SURGERY 439/2015

Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION E/T/B


16 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 560/2015Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION OXto

12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION17 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 591/2015

Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION V


18 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 592/2015Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION OBCto

12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION19 30/12/2016 ASSISTANT SURGEON 058/2016

Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)10.00 AM* HEALTH SERVICES

to LC/AI12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION

20 30/12/2016 ASSISTANT SURGEON 059/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* HEALTH SERVICES Vto

12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATION



21 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN GENERAL 066/2016Friday SURGERY (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE OBCto


22 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN GENERAL SURGERY 067/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE Vto


23 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN GENERAL SURGERY 068/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE STto


24 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN GENITO URINARY SURGERY (UROLOGY) 123/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE OXto


25 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN ANAESTHESIOLOGY 124/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE OXto


26 30/12/2016 ASSISTANT INSURANCE MEDICAL OFFICER 135/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* INSURANCE MEDICAL SERVICES STto


27 30/12/2016 ASSISTANT INSURANCE MEDICAL OFFICER 136/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* INSURANCE MEDICAL SERVICES LC/AIto


28 30/12/2016 LECTURER IN PATHOLOGY 218/2016Friday MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE

10.00 AM*to


29 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN ANAESTHESIA 248/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE SCto


30 30/12/2016 SENIOR LECTURER IN FORENSIC MEDICINE 249/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE Vto


31 30/12/2016 LECTURER IN ANATOMY 250/2016Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE Mto


32 30/12/2016 LECTURER IN ANATOMY 251/16Friday (NCA NOTIFICATION)

10.00 AM* MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVICE Dto

12.15 PM ONLINE EXAMINATIONDate of completion of OTR Verification on above Sl.Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,

22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 & 32 should be on or before 09/12/2016 (Circular 13/2015)

Candidates can download the Admission Tickets on above Sl. Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 & 32 through their One Time Registration Profile in the

Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 21/12/2016

NOTE:- 1) It may be noted that apart from the Main Topics in the Syllabus referred to in the Examination Programme,questions from other topics related to the educational qualifications prescribed for the post may also appear in thequestion paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics mentioned under the sub head “Main Topics” may becovered in the question paper.2) In addition to the Admission Tickets, candidates have to produce the original of any one of the followingdocuments to prove their identity at the time of examination viz. Voters Identity Card, Passport, PAN Card, DrivingLicense, Pass Book with photo issued by Nationalized Banks, Photo Identity Card issued by Government Depart-ments, Photo Identity Card issued by Social Welfare Department, Govt. of Kerala to Physically Handicappedpersons, Photo affixed Identity issued to the Ex-servicemen by the Zilla Sainik Welfare Officer / Discharge Certifi-cate, Conductor License issued by Motor Vehicles Department, Photo affixed pass book issued by ScheduledBanks/Kerala State Co-operative Bank/ District Co-operative Banks, Photo affixed Identity Card issued by PublicSector Undertakings (various companies/ corporations/boards/authority)/ Govt. autonomous institutions to theiremployees, Photo affixed Identity Card issued by Various Universities of Kerala to their employees, Photo affixedMedical Certificate issued by Medical Board to P.H. candidates Photo affixed Identity Card issued by Bar Councilto those who are enrolled as Advocates, AADHAAR card issued by the Central Government, One Time Verifica-tion Certificate issued by Kerala Public Service Commission Candidates who fail to produce Original IdentityProof will not be permitted to attend the examination.

* Examination Time includes One hour as preparation time for the verification of Admission Tickets and originalID of the candidates appearing for the examination.

2016 HtŒm--_¿- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 23

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Bkv-Ym-\ Bô-kv,- ]´w,- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-

sl. category Name of Post & Dept. DateNo No 2016 Nov

1. 591//12 Lecturer in Political Science -KeralaCollegiate Education 02,03,04

2. 223/15 Lecturer in Electrical Engineering (SRfor ST only) - Technical Education(Polytechnics) 02

3. 339/14 Technical Assistant - Ayurveda MedicalEducation (Govt. Ayurveda Colleges) 02

4. 322/14 Sergeant (NCA - E) - Various * 025. 414/14 Lecturer in Textile Technology -

Technical Education (Polytechnics) * 036. 415/14 Lecturer in Printing Technology -

Technical Education * 03,047. 298/11 Accounts Manager - Apex Societies of

Co-operative Sector in Kerala(General Category) 03

8. 101/10 Deputy General Manager (GeneralCategory) - Kerala State Co-operativeBank Limited * 03

9. 578/14 HSST - Sociology (SR for SC/ST only)-Higher Secondary Education * 04

10. 002/12 Lecturer in Computer Science -Collegiate Education 04

11. 456/13 Superintendent (HR) - Kerala AgroMachinery Corporation Limited 04

12. 380/15 Forest Ranger (NCA - Dheevara) -Forest 04

13. 204/13 Drugs Inspector (Ayurveda) -Drugs Control 09,10,11

14. 230/15 Personnel Officer (Society Category) -Kerala Co-operative Milk MarketingFederation Limited. 10

15. 110/16 LD Typist (Ex-servicemen only)- 4th608/15 NCA - SC (DO KLM -3), Ist NCA- SC

(DO PTA-1) NCC Sainik Welfare 1016. 663/12 H.S.A (Malayalam) (Direct) - Education 10,11,16,

(DO TVM) 17,1817. 662/12 H.S.A (Hindi) (Direct) - Education

(DO TVM) 23,24,2518. 443/15 Full Time Junior Language Teacher

447/15 (Arabic) LPS - NCA-SC (TVM-3), NCA-343/15 E/B/T (TVM- 32), II NCA - SC (PTA-1,344/15 IDK-1), SIUC N (TVM-1), V NCA-SC392/15 (KLM-4) - Education 23,24

19. 386/15 Full Time Junior Language Teacher (Arabic)UPS III NCA - SC (KLM-5) - Education 24

20. 408/15 PTJLT (Arabic) LPS (III NCA - V) -Education (DO TVM) 24

20. 629/12 Nurse Gr.II (Ayurveda) - Indian Systemsof Medicine * (DO TVM) 24,25

21. 180/15 Peon/Peon Attender (Society Category)181/15 NCA - Ezhava-4, LC-2, SC-1, Muslim-4 -182/15 Kerala State Co-operative Bank183/15 Limited 25

22. 510/14 L.D Clerk (Ex-Servicemen only) NCA -OX - NCC/Sainik Welfare (DO TVM) 25

23. 015/14 Work Superintendent - Agriculture(SC Unit) (DO TVM) 30,01,02

24. 015/14 Work Superintendent - Agriculture(SC Unit) (DO TVM) 02

25. 174/13 Assistant Information Officer - (NCA -LC/AI)- Information and Public Relations 02

26. 56/15 Watchman (NCA-SC) -Kerala StateHandloom Development CorporationLimited 02

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- sIm-√w--1. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - Health

Services 09,10,112. 639/15 Last Grade Servants (Ex.Servicemen

only) - NCC/Sainik Welfare 233. 555/15 LDC SR for ST (Ex-Servicemen only) -

Sainik Welfare 234. 216/14 Chauffeur Grade II - Tourism 23,255. 491/14 Laboratory Technician Gr.II

(NCA-SIUC N)- Health Services * 25

C≥-d¿-hyq- t]m-Kmw- \hw-_¿- 2016

sl. category Name of Post & Dept. DateNo No 2016 Nov,Dec

sl. category Name of Post & Dept. DateNo No 2016 Nov,Dec

6. 402/15 Part Time Junior Language Teacher(Arabic) - UPS (I NCA-OBC) - Education 25

7. 271/15 Assistant Manager - Kerala FinancialCorporation 25

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- Be∏p-g1. 663/12 H.S.A (Malayalam) (Direct) - Education 09,10,112. 475/12 Librarian Gr.III- Kerala Municipal

Common Service 16,173. 015/14 Work Superintendent - Direct & NCA - 17,18,30

744/12 SIUC N - Agriculture (SC Unit) Dec 01,02sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- ]Ø\w-Xn-´

1. 354/15 Part Time Junior Language Teacher355/15 (Arabic) LPS (II NCA-LC,OBC)- 02

2. 207/14 education H.S.A (Mathematics)(Malayalam Medium) (B/T) - Education 02

3. 662/12 H.S.A (Hindi) (Direct) - Education 02,034. 664/12 H.S.A (English) (Direct) - Education 04,16,17,

18,305. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - Health

Services Dec 01,02sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- tIm-´bw-

1. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - HealthServices 23

2. 662/12 H.S.A (Hindi) (Direct) - Education 24,25sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- CSp-°n-

1. 662/12 H.S.A (Hindi) (Direct) - Education 09,10,11,232. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - Health

Services 23,24,25sI]n-Fkv-kn- do-Pn-bW¬-- Bô-kv,-FdWm-Ip-fw-

1. 371/15 Pharmacist Gr.II (Homoeo) -Homoeopathy(ALP-10, IDK-7, TSR-6, KTM-8) 02

2. 192/13 Confidential Assistant Gr.II (NCA-ST) -Various 02

3. 111/16 LD Typist (Ex-servicemen only)- Ist NCA -110/16 Muslim-9 & 4th NCA - SC (DO KTM-5) -

NCC/Sainik Welfare 034. 487/11 Sub Engineer (Electrical) (10%

Department Quota) - KSEB 03,04

5. 015/14 Work Superintendent - Agriculture(SC Unit) 04sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m -- Bô-kv,- FdWm-Ip-fw-

1. 015/14 Work Superintendent - Agriculture(SC Unit) 16,17,18

2. 663/12 H.S.A (Malayalam) (Direct) 18,30- Education Dec 01,02

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- Xr-»q¿-1. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - Health

Services 09,10,112. 341/15 Full Time Junior Language Teacher

342/15 (Arabic) LPS- II NCA -(E/B/T-20, V-1)443/15 & III NCA (SC-1) - Education 11

3. 662/12 High School Assistant (Hindi) (Direct) -Education 23,24

4. 401/15 Part Time High School Assistant (Urdu)Ist NCA - E/B/T - Education 25

5. 007/15 Public Relations Officer (Part I) -18/13 District Co-operative Bank, Palakkad -15,

(Thrissur-6, Kollam-2, Kannur-3) * 25sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- ]m-e°m-Sv-

1. 629/12 Nurse Gr.II (Ayurveda) - Indian Systemsof Medicine * 23

2. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - Health 24,25,30Services Dec 01

3. 216/14 Chauffeur Grade II - Tourism Dec 024. 440/14 Cinema Operator-Cum-Driver - Animal

Husbandry Dec 025. 387/15 Full Time Junior Language Teacher

(Arabic) UPS (II NCA-SIUC N) -Educationerator-Cum-Driver - AnimalHusbandry Dec 02sI]n-Fkv-kn- do-Pn-bW¬-- Bô-kv,- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

1. 371/15 Pharmacist Gr.II (Homoeo) -

Homoeopathy(ALP-10, IDK-7, TSR-6, KTM-8) 02

2. 456/15 Pharmacist Gr.II (Homoeo) Ist NCA -602/15 E - 15 (MLP-5 & KNR-10), SIUC N -7455/15 (KKD), M-2(KNR), ST-1(KNR),459/15 Homoeopathy 03

3. 320/15 H.S.A (Mathematics) (MalayalamMedium) 2nd NCA - ST - Education 03

4. 288/14 LP School Assistant (Mal) (B/T) -Education - PKD-2, KGD -1 04

5. 216/14 Chauffeur Grade II - Tourism 046. 377/14 L.D Clerk (Ex-Servicemen only) NCA -

SIUC Nadar - NCC/Sainik Welfare 047. 345/15 Full Time Junior Language Teacher

(Arabic) UPS (IV NCA-SC) - Education(DO MLP) 09

8. 388/15 Full Time Junior Language Teacher389/15 (Arabic) LPS (IV NCA-LC-18,E/B/T-33,390/15 OBC-2, SIUC N/AI-2) & (V NCA-SC-2391/15 & ST-3)- Education392/15 (DO MLP)393/15 09,10

9. 403/15 Part Time Junior Language Teacher406/15 (Arabic) LPS (I NCA -SC PKD-1, KGD-1),404/15 (I NCA - OX, KKD-1) & (I NCA - E/B/T

PKD-19,WYD-1, KGD-3)-Education 10,1110. 362/15 Part Time Junior Language Teacher

364/15 (Urdu) -I NCA- V-4, SC (KGD-2 &MPM-4) - Education 11

11. 397/15 Part Time High School Assistant (Urdu)-I398/15 NCA - OBC-1/SC-1/V-3 (MPM), III NCA-400/15 SC (MPM-1) -Education346/15 11

12. 337/155 H.S.A (Urdu) (I NCA-SC) - EducationDO MalappuramsI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

1. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - HealthServices 16,17,18

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- hb\m-Sv-1. 015/14 Work Superintendent - Agriculture 02,03,04

(SC Unit) 162. 662/12 H.S.A (Hindi) (Direct) - Education 16,17,18,

303. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - Health

Services Dec 01,02sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- IÆq¿-

1. 015/14 Work Superintendent - Agriculture SC744/12 Unit) (Direct& NCA-SIUC Nadar) 09,10,11

2. 665/12 Junior Health Inspector Gr.II - HealthServices 23,24,25

3. 407/12 H.S.A (English) (Ist NCA - LC/AI) -Education 25

4. 442/13 Teacher (Malayalam Medium) - NCA -SC - Jail 25

5. 194/13 Confidential Assistant Gr.II (NCA-LC) -Various 25sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- Im-k¿-tKm-Uv-

1. 662/12 H.S.A (Hindi) (Direct & B/T) - 02,03,04,210/14 Education 16

2. 77/13 Part Time Junior Language Teacher(Sanskrit) - Education 16,17,18

3. 569/14 Planning and Development Officer(Part I - Direct Recruitment) - DistrictCo-operative Bank * 18

4. 290/15 Pharmacist Gr.II (Ayurveda) (NCA - OX) -Indian Systems of Medicine/InsuranceMedical Services/Ayurveda Colleges * 18

5. 235/14 Laboratory Technician Gr.II236/14 (NCA- LC/AI -5, M-11, SIUC N -5,237/14 OBC -5)- Health Services *238/14 30

6. 745/12 Work Superintendent- NCA SC, 30015/14 Direct) -Agriculture (SC Unit) Dec 01,02

* Denotes Examination was conducted Online

PSC BULLETINFortnightly

1. R.N. 44588/86 Reg. No. KL/TV (N)34/2015-172. Licence No. for posting without pre payment - KL/TV(N)/WPP/165/2015-17

Rupees 10October 15, 2016

Views and ideas expressed in the articles published in PSC Bulletin are not, necessarily, those of the Commission. Edited and Published by Saju George, SecretaryKerala Public Service Commission on behalf of Kerala Public Service Commission and Printed by him at P. Krishna Pillai Memorial Printing & Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram.

hn-√.- A- y-kv-X-cm-b- sXm-gn¬-c-ln-X-cp-sS- B-[n-Iy-hpw- h¿-[n-®p-h-cp-∂- sXm-gn¬- km-[y-X-I-fpw- C-Xn-\v- Im-c-W-am-hmw.- G-Xm-bm-epw-kw-ÿm-\- -c-W- kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬- tbm-Ky-X-bp-sS-bpw- I-gn-hn-s‚-bpw- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬-D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v- ÿm-\w- \¬-Ip-∂-kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv- ]n.-F-kv.-kn-;- B- \n-e-bn¬-tI-c-f-Øn¬- km-aq-ly-cw-K-Øv- kp-]-[m-\-am-b- ]-¶m-Wv- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- h-ln-°p-∂-Xv.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- k¿-∆o-kv- cw-K-Øv-A-h-k-c-k-a-Xz-hpw- km-aq-ly- k-a-Xz-hpw- D-d-∏m-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂p-]-d-bmw.- C-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ,- Cu- A-h-k-c-k-a-Xz-hpw- H-∂pw- C-√m-Xn-cp-s∂m-cp- Im-ew,- A-Xn-hn-Zq-c-a-√m-Ø- \-Ωp-sS- `q-X-Im-e-Øv- \-Ωp-sS- tI-c-f-Øn¬- D≠m-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂-Xv- a-d-∂p-Iq-Sm.- C-hn-sS- \-Ωƒ- Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv- H-cp- ]m¿-∞-\m-Km-\w- B-e-]n-®p-sIm≠m-W-t√m,- B-Km-\w- F-gp-Xp-∂- Im-e-Øv- \-Ωp-sS- \m-Sn-s‚- A-h-ÿ- F-¥m-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂-Xv- \mw-a-\- n¬- Hm¿-°p-∂-Xv- \-√-Xm-Wv.- C-hn-sS-]-T-\-Øn-\v- Xp-ey- A-h-k-cw- D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- F-hn-sS-sb-¶n-epw- t]m-bn- ]-Tn-®v- ]m- m-bn- h-∂m¬- X-s∂- ]-Tn-∏n-s\m-Øp-≈-sXm-gn¬- e- n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. A-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-tUm-Œ¿- ]-ev-]p-hn-s\-t∏m-ep-≈- ]-Xn-`m-[-\¿-°p-t]m-epw- t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-∂- A-h-ÿ.-

C-Xv- Ip-d-®v- ]-Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv- \-Ωp-sS- tI-c-f-Øn¬- \n-e-\n-∂- H-cp- km-l-N-cy-am-Wv.- Cu- A-h-ÿ- am-dn-b-Xv- \n-c-h-[n- k-a-c-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw- ]-t£m- -ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-am-Wv.- ]-t£m- -ßƒ,- \n-th-Z-\- ]-t£m- -ßƒ.- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-\p-I-fp-sS- N-cn-Xw- ]-cn-tim-[n-®m¬- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-W¿-F-∂- H-cp- ]-Z-hn- B-Zy-am-bn- D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv-1935em-Wv.- A-Xv- \n-h¿-Ø-\- ]-t£m- -Øn-s‚-k-am-]-\-Øn-em-Wv.- a-s‰m-cp- co-Xn-bn¬- ]-d-™m¬- \n-h¿-Ø-\- ]-t£m- -am-Wv- C-sØm-c-sam-cp- kw-hn-[m-\w- \n-e-hn¬- sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv- F-∂¿-∞w.- k¿-°m¿- \n-b-a-\-ß-fn¬- \ym-b-am-b- ]m-Xn-\n-[yw- A-∂v- e- n-°m-Xn-cp-∂- Cu-g-h,- Ir-kv-Xy-≥,- ap-…nw- hn- m-K-ßƒ- kw-L-Sn-®v- \-S-Øn-b- k-a-c-am-bn-cp-∂p- \n-h¿-Ø-\-]-t£m- w,- a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬,- Cu-g-h- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬,- C-h-sbm-s°- C-tX- B-h-iyw- ap-≥\n¿-Øn- cq-]-s∏- p-h-∂- \n-th-Z-\- k-a-c-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.- km-[m-c-W-°m¿-°p-t]m-epw- km-aq-ln-I-am-bn- ]n-t∂m-°w- \n-∂n-cp-∂-h¿-°pw-A-h-k-c-ßƒ- e- n-°p-∂- A-h-ÿ-bp-≠m-°n-b-Xv- km-aq-ly-k-a-c-ß-fm-Wv- F-∂-Xm-Wv- \mw-Im-tW-≠- H-cp- Im-cyw.- \n-b-a-\-ß-fn¬- s]m-Xp-P-\-ßƒ-°m-sI- Xp-ey-am-b- A-h-k-cw- D-d-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p- th-≠n- D-t±-in-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv-]n.-F-kv.-kn- ÿm-]n-X-am-°p-∂-Xv.- C-t∏mƒ- A-Xym-[p-\n-I- km-t¶-Xn-I- kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ- h-cn-I-bm-Wv.- C-hn-sS- A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v- ]-kv-Xm-hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.- A-ß-s\- h-cp-tºmƒ- A-Xv- \-√- Im-cy-am-Wv.- A-Xv- t]m-’m-ln-°-s∏-tS-Xp-am-Wv.- ]-t£- A-Xn-s‚- a-s‰m-cp- `m-K-am-Wv- Rm-≥ kq-Nn-∏n-°m-\m-K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.- \-Ωp-sS- km-am-\y-P-\-ß-fn¬- H-cp- hn- m-K-Øn-\v-Xp-eym-h-k-cw- F-∂- kz-]v-\w- \n-tj-[n-°m-≥C-S-h-c-cp-Xv.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- A-t]-£-I-cn¬- \-Ωp-sS- kw-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- F-√m- m-K-Øp-ap-≈-F-√m- hn- m-K-ß-fn-epw-s]- -h-cm-Wv- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂-Xv.- F-∂p- ]-d-™m¬,- B-Zn-hm-kn-I-f-S-°-ap-≈- P-\-hn- m-K-ß-fm-Wv.- h-f-sc- Z-cn-Z-am-bn- ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬- I-gn-bp-∂- Km-ao-W-Ip-Sw-_-ß-fn¬-s∏- -h-cp-ap-≠v.-

A-t∏mƒ- F-√mw- Hm- -sse-\n-ep-sS- B-°p-tºmƒ- Cu- B-Zn-hm-kn- bp-hm-°-f-S-°-ap-≈-h¿-°v- Xp-ey- A-h-k-cw- D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm-≥ ]-tXy-I-am-bn- i-≤n-°p-∂- \n-e-bp-≠m-h-Ww.- km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv- h-f-sc- \-√- Im-cy-am-Wv.- A-t∏mƒ- ]n.-F-

kv.-kn-bp-sS- ku-I-cyw- A-Xn-s‚- `m-K-am-bn-\-√-Xp-t]m-se- h¿-[n-∏n-°m-\pw- I-gn-bpw.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- B-[p-\n-I- km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-bpw-A-Xp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- Hm-¨-sse-≥ kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I- X-s∂- th-Ww. ]n.-F-kv.-knbp-sS- Cu- D-b¿-∂-X-e-Øn-te-bv-°v- k-aq-l-Øn-se- ]m-¥-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-´- bp-h-Xo-bp-hm-°-sf-°q-Sn-D-b¿-Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm-≥ I-gn-b-Ww. km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS-bpw- ku-I-cyw- A-t]-£-I-cm-b,- t\-c-tØ- Rm-≥ ]-cm-a¿-in-®- Zp¿-_-e-hn-`m-K-ß-fn-te-°p-Iq-Sn- F-Øn-°m-≥ I-gn-b-Ww.- A-Xn¬- Cu- km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn¬-]-cn-N-bw- C-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠v- ]n-¥-≈-s∏-Sp-∂p- F-∂v- \n-cm-i- A-h-cn¬- D-≠m-I-cp-Xv.-A-Xn-\v- A-Ø-cw- ta-J-e-I-fn¬- km-t¶-Xn-I- ⁄m-\w- F-Øn-°p-I-bpw- A-h¿-°v- k-lm-b- tI-µ-ßƒ- D-≠m-hp-I-bpw- th-Ww.-am-X-a-√,- Nn-e-t∏mƒ- H-cp- \n-›n-X- Im-e-b-f-hp-h-sc- A-h¿-°v- ]-cn-io-e-I-cpw- th-≠-Xm-bn- p-h-cpw.- A-tXm-sSm-∏w,- \-Ωƒ- \n¿-Ωn-°p-∂- tkm-^v-‰v-sh-b¿- km-am-\y-P-\-X-bv-°v- ]-‰p-∂-Xm-h-Ww.- A-t]-£m- \-S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ-I-gn-bm-hp-∂-X- e-fn-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.-

H-cp- tkm-^v-‰v-sh-b¿- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- Xp-S-ßp-tºm-gm-hpw- A-Xn-se- _p-≤n-ap- p-Iƒ- i-≤-bn¬-s∏-Sp-∂- A-h-k-c-Øn¬- A-Xv- ]-cn-tim-[n-®v- _p-≤n-ap-´v- Xo¿-°m-\p-≈- kw-hn-[m-\-hpw- H-cp-°m-≥ I-gn-b-Ww.- C-ß-s\-sbm-s°- sN-bv-Xn-s√-¶n¬- k-aq-l-Øn-se- Zp¿-_-e-hn-`m-K-ßƒ-°v- sXm-gn-e-h-k-c- km-[y-X- D-d-∏n-°m-≥ th-≠n- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- \-Ωp-sS- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- X-ß-fp-sS- sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-km-[y-X-bv-°v- sN-dn-b- X-S- -am-bn- h-cp-∂p-F-∂v- A-h¿- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- co-Xn-bn-te-s°-Øpw.- A-Xv- H-cp- Im-c-W-h-im-epw- D-≠m-bn-°q-Sm.- A-t∏mƒ- Cu- I-gn-hv,- km-t¶-Xn-I-an-I-hv- h¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w- X-s∂- A-Xn-\-\p-kr-X-am-b- km-t¶-Xn-I- ⁄m-\w,- A-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- Zp¿-_-e- P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬-F-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- i-a-hpw- \-Ωp-sS- `m-K-Øp-\n-∂pw- D-≠m-tI-Xm-bn-´p-≠v.-

th-sdm-cp- Im-cyw- am-Xr- m-j-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. Rm-≥ a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv- a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- tNm-Zyw- tNm-Zn-°p-∂-Xpw-D-Ø-cw- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b- kw-hn-[m-\w,-A-Xn-\v- ]-‰n-b- tkm- v-‰v-sh-b¿- ]n.-F-kv.-kn-°v- C-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- hn-h-c- km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-bn¬- am-Xr-`m-j-bm-b- a-e-bm-fw- hn-P-b-I-c-am-b- \n-e-bn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂- km-l-N-cyw- C-t∏mƒ- D-b¿-∂v- h-∂n-´p-≠v.- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- X-e-Øn-em-bm-epw- A-\u-tZym-Kn-I- X-e-Øn-em-bm-epw- C-Xv- hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn-]-co-£n-®v- hn-P-bn-®n-´p-ap-≠v.- ]-t£,- ]-e-k¿-°m¿- kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fn-epw- hn-h-c-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s‚- t]-cn¬- a-e-bm-f-sØ- H-gn-hm-°m-\p-≈- i-aw- \-S-°p-∂p-≠v.- a-’-c- ]-co-£-I-fn¬- ]n.-F-kv.-kn-

a-e-bm-f- `m-j-sb- A-h-K-Wn-°p-∂p- F-∂-]-cm-Xn- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-fn¬- h-en-b- tXm-Xn¬- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p-≠v.-

C-Xv- ]-cn-l-cn-°m-\m-h-Ww.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn-bp-sS- Hm-¨-sse-≥ ]-co-£m- tkm-^v-‰v-sh-b-dp-I-fn¬- a-e-bm-fw- Iq-Sn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-≈- ku-I-cyw- D-≠m-h-Ww.- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- `-c-W-`m-j- a-e-bm-f-am-Wv.- k¿-°m-cn-s\- hn-hn-[- B-h-iy-ßƒ- ap-≥\n¿-Øn- k-ao-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬- a-lm-`q-cn-]-£-hpw- a-e-bm-f-am-Wv.-A-t∏mƒ- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v- a-e-bm-fw- A-dn-bm-tam- F-∂-Xv- ]-co-£m-L-´-Øn¬- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn¬- F-¥m-Wv- sX-‰v-?-

]n.-F-kv.-kn- bp-sS- P-\-Io-b- kzo-Im-cy-X- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈-]-iv-\-ßƒ- ]-cn-l-cn-®p- t]m-tI-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. C-t∏mƒ- \-Ω-sfm-cp- Hm-¨-sse-≥ ]-co-£m-tI-µ-am-Wv- B-cw- n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- C-Xv-\-√-Im-cy-am-Wv,- \-s√m-cp- Xp-S-°-am-Wv.- ]-t£-\-ap-°n-\n-bpw- G-sd- Zq-cw- k-©-cn-°m-\p-≠v.-sN-b¿-am-≥ C-hn-sS- ]-kv-Xm-hn-®- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw,- ]-Ø-\w-Xn- ,- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- C-hn-S-ß-fn-sem-s°- Hm- -sse-≥ ]-co-£m- tI-µ-ß-fp-≠v- F-∂v.- C-t∏m-f-Xv- a-e-_m-dn-te-°v-Iq-Sn- h-∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- C-Xv- F-√m- X-e-Øn-epw- kzm-K-Xm¿-l-am-b- H-cp- Im-cy-am-Wv.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- ]-co-£-I-fn-se- h-f-sc-h-f-sc- sN-dn-b- H-cp- hn- m-Kw- ]-co-£-I-tf- Cu- kw-hn-[m-\w- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- \-S-Øm-\m-hq- F-∂-Xv- C-t∏mƒ- \mw- Im-tW-Xm-bn- p-≠v.- Im-c-Ww- e-£-I-W-°n-\m-fp-I-fm-Wv- ]-e- ]-co-£-I-fpw-F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv.- H-cp- Hm- -sse-≥ ]-co-£m- lm-fn-te-bv-°v- A-h-sc-bm-sI- C-∂-sØ- \n-e-bn¬-H-Xp-°m-≥ km-[m-c-W-\n-e-bv-°v- I-gn-bn-√.- A-t∏mƒ- \-Ωp-sS- e-£yw- k-ºq¿-Æ- Hm- -sse-≥ F-∂-Xp-X-s∂- B-h-Ww.-

C-hn-sS- th-K-Øn¬- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°p-∂- Im-cy-sØ-°p-dn-®v- sN-b¿-am-≥ ]-d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.- \-Ωp-sS- tI-c-f-Øn¬- t\-c-tØ- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- h-f-sc- th-Kw- D-tZym-Kw- e- n-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- Nn-e¿.- F-\n-°v- Hm¿-Ω-bp-≈-Xv- Rm-≥ tIm-tf-Pn¬- ]-Tn-°p-∂- Im-e-am-Wv.-I-gn-™- A-°m-U-an-°v- C-b¿- Fw.-F- I-gn-™v- C-d-ßn,- A-bmƒ- A-tX-h-sc- hn-Zym¿-∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ]n-s∂- A-Sp-Ø- A-°m-U-an-°v-C-b-dn¬- tIm-tf-Pn-te-bv-°v- I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv-A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn- m-Wv. A-Xv- I-≠-sbm-cm-fm-Wv- Rm-≥.- i-cn-bm-b- A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn- v- X-s∂- I-S-∂p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. A-X-bpw- th-Kw- dn-Iq- v- sN-øp-∂- \n-e- B- Im-e-Øv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- C-t∏mƒ- F-Æw- Iq-Sn,- h-en-b- tXm-Xn¬-F-Æw- h¿-[n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- A-Xv- A-X-th-K-Øn¬- ]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂v- tXm-∂p-∂n-√. ]-t£,- Hm- -sse-≥ kw-hn-[m-\w- h-cp-∂-tXm-sS- A-Xn-t\-°m-fpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- th-K-X-bn¬- Im-cy-ßƒ- F-Øn-°m-≥\-ap-°v- km-[n-°pw.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- k-ºq¿-Æ- Hm- -sse-≥ F-∂-Xv- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- e-

£y-am-°n-Ø-s∂- F-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn-\v- ]-tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-∂-

hn-π-h-I-c-am-b- ]-e- ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw- ]n.-F-kv.-kn-bn¬- C-Xn-\-Iw- kw-`-hn-®n-´p-≠v.-ssI-sIm-≠v- F-gp-Xn- A-b-°p-∂- A-t]-£-Iƒ- H-]v-‰n-°¬- am¿-°v- do-U¿- kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-te-bv-°v- am-‰n-bn-´p-≠v.- 2011 ap-X¬- t]-∏¿- A-t]-£-Iƒ- ]m-sS- H-gn-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- C-∂v- Hm-¨-sse-\m-bn- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-\n-e-bn-em-Wv- \n¬-°p-∂-Xv.- 2012 P-\p-h-cn-ap-X¬- '-H-‰-Ø-h-W- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-≥'- A-Xn-\p-≈- kw-hn-[m-\-hpw- \n-e-hn¬- h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.- G-Xv- B-[p-\n-I- km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy- D-S-se-Sp-Øm-epw- A-Xn-s\- kzmw-in-I-cn-®v- kz-bw- \-ho-I-cn-°p-∂- \n-e-]m-Sv- kzm-K-Xm¿-l-am-bn-´p-≈- H-cp- Im-cy-am-Wv.- A-Xm-Wv- C-hn-sS- sN-b¿-am-≥ ]-kv-Xm-hn-®-Xv- a-‰p-≈-h¿-Sn.-kn.-F-kv- s\- B-i-bn-°p-tºmƒ- C-hn-sS-Ø-s∂- A-Xv- \-Ωƒ- kz-b-ta-h- sN-øp-∂p.-A-t∏mƒ- Ip-‰-a-‰-co-Xn-bn¬- \-ap-°-Xv- \-S-∏n-em-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-∂p. A-Xv- F-√m-X-c-Øn-epw-A- n-\-µm¿-l-am-b- \-S-]-Sn-bm-Wv.- A-ß-s\-h-cp-tºmƒ- t\-c-tØ- Nn-e¿- Xp-S-ßn-sb-¶n-epw- ]-co-£-Iƒ- Hm-¨-sse-\m-°p-∂- B-Zy- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- B-bn- tI-c-f- ]n.-F-kv.-kn-bm-Wv- ^-e-Øn¬- am-dp-∂-Xv.-

t\-c-tØ- \-S-∏n-em-b-h¿-s°m-∂pw- A-Xv-A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sm-≥ \n-hr-Øn-bn-√.- Im-e-Øn-s\m-∏w- k-©-cn-°p-∂-h¿-°v- am-X-ta- A-Xv-hy-‡n-bm-bm-epw- ÿm-]-\-am-bm-epw- ]-ÿm-\-am-bm-epw- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ- -e-]-Z-am-bn- \n¿-∆-ln-°m-\m-Iq. B-[p-\n-I- km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS- k-lm-bw- kzo-I-cn-°p-I-h-gn- -c-W-L-S-\- G¬-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂- Np-a-X-e-Iƒ-Im-e-hn-fw-_w- Iq-Sm-sX- kp-Xm-cy-X-tbm-sS-\n¿-∆-ln-°m-≥ \n-ßƒ-°v- I-gn-bp-∂p- F-∂-Xm-Wv- C-Xn-eq-sS- \n-ßƒ- ssI-h-cn-°p-∂- t\-´w.- A-dp-]-Xv- h-b- n¬- F-Øn-\n¬-°p-∂-]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-\v- F-√m- A¿-∞-Øn-epw- A- n-am-\w- ]-I-cp-∂- H-cp- Im-cyw- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- kv-am¿- v- ¢m- p-Iƒ-H-cp-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- B- kv-am¿- v-¢m- p-I-fn¬- ]-Tn-®n-d-ßp-∂- `m-hn-X-e-ap-d-bn-se- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-sf- ap-∂n¬-°v- tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωo-j-≥ Zo¿-L-ho-£-W-tØm-sS- ]-h¿-Øn-t°-Xm-bn- p-≠v.- \n-e-hn-se- ]-c-º-cm-K-X- ]-co-£m-co-Xn- Im-en-I-am-bn-]-cn-jv-I-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sS- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂- ]-co-£-I-fpw- Hm- -sse-≥ B-°m-\p-≈- i-a-Øn-te-bv-°v- ]n.-F-kv.-kn- F-Øn-t®-cp-sa-∂m-Wv- ]-Xym-in-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-\p-≈- F-√m- B-iw-k-I-fpw- t\¿-∂p-sIm-≠v- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-P-bw- t\-Sm-≥ tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-\v- I-gn-b-t - F-∂p-Iq-Sn- B-iw-kn-®p-sIm-≠v- Cu- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- \n¿-∆-ln-®-Xm-bn- H-cn-°¬-°q-Sn- A-dn-bn-®p-sIm-≠v- A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.- \n-ßƒ-s°-s‚- kv-t\-lm- n-hm-Zy-ßƒ.-

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PSC November 15 · kn-°v- s]m-Xp-hn¬- A-`n-am-\n-°m-≥ h-en-b- tXm-Xn¬- h-I-bp≠v.- Im-c-Ww-...

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Transcript of PSC November 15 · kn-°v- s]m-Xp-hn¬- A-`n-am-\n-°m-≥ h-en-b- tXm-Xn¬- h-I-bp≠v.- Im-c-Ww-...