PS 111, Professional Studies
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Transcript of PS 111, Professional Studies
PS 111, Professional Studies
The Maritime Industry
The Maritime Industry IS …
the prototypical international business,
the hub of an inter-modal, global transportation network,
a highly technological enterprise,the application of atmospheric
and ocean sciences,national defense and security
The Maritime Industry IS … International Business Defined in terms of moving goods across
borders -- it is inherently global Over 95% of all U.S. import & export
tonnage is moved by ship Requires contracting, financing &
marketing in an international environment, and a knowledge of … Economics & Labor Relations International & Admiralty Law International Relations & Trade Policy
The Maritime Industry IS … Inter-modal Transportation Coordination with air, rail, & truck
transportation essential Short-term warehousing & “just-in-
time” inventory functions require knowledge of … Management & Logistics Marketing & Labor Relations
Port Security integral to Terminal Operations
The Maritime Industry IS … Engineering & Technology
Energy conversion systems for propulsion Power plant instrumentation, automation &
control Ship design, construction & repair Voice, data & navigation communications
systems Pollution monitoring, abatement &
recovery technology Off-shore platform design & construction
The Maritime Industry IS … Atmospheric & Ocean Science Weather forecasting &
vessel routing Ocean resources –
biological & mineral Renewable energy
sources Fundamental Research in
a variety of areas Climatology Marine Biology Geology Ecology
The Maritime Industry IS … National Defense & Security
Sea-lift capacity Underway replenishment (UNREP) Pre-positioned logistical support Maritime surveillance Naval Engineering
Combatant vessel design Sea-based weapons systems
Port security Transportation Workers Security Credentials
(TWIC) Vessel & cargo inspection
Maritime Industry
The Maritime Industry IS …
Import-export practice
Energy conversion & power plant operation
Poodle training
Military supply lines
Weather forcasting & routing
Cargo handling
technologies
Trade policy & international
relations
Automation & control systems Pollution monitoring
& abatement
Communications: Voice, Data & Navigation
Logistics & terminal operations SHIPPING
A little Maritime Industry history Early 19th century (1800-1860) Congress grants reduced tariffs for
goods imported on U.S. ships (1795) Interstate commerce predominately by
water “Cabotage” legislation (1817) restricts
domestic shipping to U.S. vessels Erie Canal makes NYC port of entry for
interior America By 1840’s, U.S. challenging England for
domination of world maritime trade
A little Maritime Industry history Late 19th century (1860-1900) Civil War decimates U.S. commercial shipping
By 1870’s, less than 30% of imports in U.S. ships NYS legislature authorizes NYC to establish a
“Nautical School” (1873) & Congress supplies US Navy vessel, St. Marys (1874)
Transcontinental railroad competes with “round the Horn” Clipper Ships in inter-coastal trade
Iron- (later, steel-) hulled, steam vessels begin to replace wooden sailing ships
Spanish-American War renews pride in American seamanship & regenerates U.S. maritime industry
A little Maritime Industry history Early 20th century (1900-1945) Great White Fleet – US Battle Fleet circumnavigates the
globe issuing in “The American Century”
Panama Canal – Intercoastal shipping competes with
railroads, East coast/Far East & ‘round-the-world trade increases
World War I – 122 Hog Islanders built, become the backbone of inter-war merchant fleet
Jones Act – U.S. Cabotage Laws reaffirmed
World War II Enormous sea-lift capacity constructed
(Liberties, Victories, T-2 tankers) U.S. Navy supremacy established
A little Maritime Industry history Late 20th century (post WW II) Liberties, Victories, & T2’s surplused world-wide as
backbone of post-war merchant fleets … eventually replaced by much larger, faster vessels Pipelines & interstate highway system compete in
domestic trade, while … airlines dominate international passenger trade Energy costs dictate ship design
Slow speed, heavy fuel burning diesel propulsion dominates commercial shipping
Nuclear & Gas Turbine propulsion become military standard
Off-shore industries emerge
A little Maritime Industry history Late 20th century … Development of
containerization & inter-modal concepts
International trade expands (in tonnage) with fewer, ultra large carriers
International regulation in operations, business practice, & environmental protection
Globalization in ownership European & Pacific Rim ship construction & repair “Flags of Convenience”
Impact of advanced communication technologies