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TEXT SENATOR WANTS TO JUMP-START COLLEGE FOR ALL

Sen. John Edwards today will propose a government program to pay the first year's college tuition for a student who also works 10 hours a week at a job or community service. Edwards says offering a jump-start would encourage more people to go to college. Once there, they would be better able to pursue financial aid and recognize the value of a college education.

In addition, he'll put forward plans to offer four-year, full-tuition scholarships to students who agree to teach in hard-pressed schools or work in homeland security for five years after graduation. Edwards' speech at the University of Maryland embraces an expanded federal role -and billions of dollars in new spending- in raising pay and standards for teachers, reducing the size of high schools and making college more affordable.

Edwards also urges colleges to end admissions practices that give a preference to alumni's children and that offer early decisions to students who apply early and agree to attend if accepted. Both policies tend to be used most by upper-income students. "Today, it's too hard for too many Americans to clim up the ladder of success," he says. "It is time for some reforms to get back to our democratic roots." Glossary: jump-start = ayuda inicial

QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Your answer

will be evaluated from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole). a) What is Senator John Edwards' plan? b) Why is John Edwards' plan so expensive? c) What kind of students will benefit from John Edwards' program?

2. Transform the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole). a) Passive: Edward's speech embraces an expanded federal role. b) Rep. Speech: "It is time for some reforms to get back to our democratic roots". Sen. John

Edwards said... c) Ask a question: Edwards (Who urges colleges to end...) d) Put into the past: Edwards also urges colleges to end admissions practices.

3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole). a) suggest b) economic c) diminishing d) priority

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 words (0-4 marks). a) Write about the positive and negative aspects of the education you have received. b) Describe a typical day at your school.

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TEXT IT'S GETTING WORSE AGAIN

When you look at racial segregation in America's schools, another new study presents a bleaker picture. The Harvard report produces some discouraging figures from the country's public—state-run—schools. After the schools began desegregating in the mid-1950s, they became steadily more integrated until the late 1980s; but then the trend slowed down, and went into reverse. On average, white children go to schools that are 80% white.

Segregation is worst in the largest city school systems, where enrolment is now overwhelmingly non-white. Yet it is also a problem in the suburbs, where schools once largely white are now mostly black or brown. As the minorities move out from the city centres, whites move even farther out. As the report shows, schools now closely follow housing patterns; if these are heavily segregated, the schools will be too.

The report's most striking finding, however, is the emergence of Latinos both as the fastest-growing minority and the most segregated one. They are divided from whites and blacks not only by race but also by poverty and language. They also do worst at school, with the highest drop-out rates. Their presence now is worrying proof that racial segregation in the schools will get worse before it gets better.

QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Your answer

will be evaluated from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole). a) What has happened in American schools after the late 1980s? b) Why segregation is also a problem in the suburbs? c) Why Latinos are the most segregated minority?

2. Transform the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole). a) Write a question to which the following words are the answer: Segregation is worst in the

largest city schools systems. b) Put into the past: enrolment is now overwhelmingly non-white. c) Put into the passive: schools now closely follow housing patterns. d) Join the two sentences by means of a relative pronoun: Latinos are the fastest-growing

minority. They are divided from whites and blacks by race, poverty and language.

3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole). a) medium b) registration c) model d) noticeable

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 words (0-4 marks). a) Main problems of immigration in Spain. b) A good method to get good marks.

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TEXT A UNIVERSITY CHALLENGE TO RACISM

Thinking he was a thief, police shot a young black dentist who had just dropped his girlfriend off a Sao Paulo's international airport on February 3rd. That killing haunted a celebration which took place a week later, the opening of Brazil's first college catering mainly to blacks. It "shows the dimension" of the exclusion of black Brazilians from a society that until recently considered itself unusually tolerant, says José Vicente, president of Afrobras, a group that is the moving force behind the school. Race and racism are both slippery ideas in Brazil. Nearly half the population is non-white if you count people who describe themselves as black or brown. Both groups are poorer than other Brazilians, less well-educated and paid less for the same work. The new school aims to fill the vacuum. Its 200 students are studying management, with a view to finding jobs in the growing markets. Mr Vicente sees them as the nucleus of a new élite that will encourage other blacks to study, earn and lead the struggle for equal rights. Ignez Bacelar, one of the students, says that most universities are "for young whites with good incomes." She is happy to study with people who understand the obstacles. Just as important, the subsidised tuition will allow her to become the first graduate in her family.

QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Answers will

be assessed from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole). a) What does the opening of Brazil's first college for blacks mean? b) What is the aim of the new school? c) Why are the students taking management degrees?

2. Transform or complete the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole). a) Complete: If both groups were not poorer than other Brazilians… b) Put into the passive: The new school will fill the vacuum. c) Write a question to which the answer is: For young whites with good incomes. d) Join the two sentences by means of a relative pronoun: The subsidised tuition will allow

Ignez Bacelar to become a graduate. She is one of the students.

3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each answer (1 as a whole). a) occupations b) fight c) earnings d) barriers

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 words (0-4 marks). a) Racism in the European Union. b) Is Spain ready to become a multicultural society?



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TEXT SPAIN’S WATER WARS

“I will not send a single drop of water from the Ebro,” said Pasquall Maragall, before November’s Catalan elections. Now, Mr Maragall hopes to “paralyse” the Spanish government’s plan to move water from north to south. The government has condemned Mr Maragall’s stance as “unpatriotic.” Last month the Spanish government formally requested European Union finance to meet a third of the €15,000m cost of the whole project. It claimed a victory when the European Commission conditionally approved €80m to pay for a part of it. Mr Aznar has called the plan “an act of solidarity” between Spain’s regions. The water balance between the wet north, where a third of Spain’s rain falls, and the dry south, where 60% of the land is semi-arid, continues to inflame passions. Critics say the entire plan is outmoded and designed to benefit the government’s business friends. They claim it will cost twice as much to transport the water as it would to produce more water through desalination. Greens say it will destroy the Ebro delta wetlands. The government of Aragon supports the Catalans, calling the project a “method to rob the poor to feed the rich.” Glossary: stance = postura QUESTIONS 1. Read de text and answer the questions about it. Use your own words. Your answers will be assessed from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole).

a) What is Mr Maragall’s attitude towards the government’s plan? b) What is an act of solidarity? c) Why was the plan criticized?

2. Transform the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole).

a) Transform into reported speech: “I will not send a single drop of water from the Ebro.” Begin: Mr Maragall said…

b) Transform into passive: The European Commission conditionally approved €80m. c) Complete: If the plan were outmoded… d) Write a question to which the following words are the answer: The government of

Aragon. 3. Find one synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole). a) demanded b) obsolete c) devastate d) backs 4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 words (0-4 marks).

a) Why is water so important in our lives? b) How can NGOs (non-governmental organizations) help people?



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RUN LIKE THE WIND One pertinent question in the wake of the earthquake near Aceh and the tsunami it generated is how much notice of an approaching wave can be given to vulnerable people without the risk of crying “wolf” too often. Earthquakes themselves are unpredictable, and likely to remain so. But detecting them when they happen is a routine technology. That was not the problem in this case, which was observed by monitoring stations all over the world. Unfortunately for the forecasters, although any powerful submarine earthquake brings the risk of a dangerous tsunami, not all such earthquakes actually result in a big wave, and false alarms cost money and breed cynicism. Even if you have an effective detection system, though, it is useless if you cannot evacuate a threatened area. Here, speed is of the essence. Computer modelling can help show which areas are likely to be safest, but common sense is often the best guide –run like the wind, away from the sea. Evacuating warnings too, should be easy to give as long as people are awake. Radios are ubiquitous even in most poor places. It is just a matter of having systems in place to tell the radio stations to tell people to run. The problem was that no one did. QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Answers

will be assessed from 0 to 1 (3 as a whole). a) Which is the danger involved in letting people know of a tsunami? b) What is the difference between predicting and detecting an earthquake? c) In the end, why wasn’t the area evacuated?

2. Transform or complete the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers

will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole). a) Complete: If people had been evacuated … b) Write a question to which the underlined words are the answer: The submarine

earthquake was observed by monitoring stations all over the world. c) Join the following two sentences by means of a relative pronoun: Earthquakes are

unpredictable. They can cause tsunamis. d) Put into the passive: Computer modelling shows the safest areas. Begin: The safest

areas … 3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each answer (1 as a

whole). a) continue b) registered c) efficient d) question

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 words (0-4 marks).

a) Measures to be taken when a catastrophe occurs. b) Risks we take in everyday life.



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TEXT SPAIN’S WATER WARS

“I will not send a single drop of water from the Ebro,” said Pasquall Maragall, before November’s Catalan elections. Now, Mr Maragall hopes to “paralyse” the Spanish government’s plan to move water from north to south. The government has condemned Mr Maragall’s stance as “unpatriotic.” Last month the Spanish government formally requested European Union finance to meet a third of the €15,000m cost of the whole project. It claimed a victory when the European Commission conditionally approved €80m to pay for a part of it. Mr Aznar has called the plan “an act of solidarity” between Spain’s regions. The water balance between the wet north, where a third of Spain’s rain falls, and the dry south, where 60% of the land is semi-arid, continues to inflame passions. Critics say the entire plan is outmoded and designed to benefit the government’s business friends. They claim it will cost twice as much to transport the water as it would to produce more water through desalination. Greens say it will destroy the Ebro delta wetlands. The government of Aragon supports the Catalans, calling the project a “method to rob the poor to feed the rich.” Glossary: stance = postura QUESTIONS 1. Read de text and answer the questions about it. Use your own words. Your answers will be assessed from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole).

a) What is Mr Maragall’s attitude towards the government’s plan? b) What is an act of solidarity? c) Why was the plan criticized?

2. Transform the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole).

a) Transform into reported speech: “I will not send a single drop of water from the Ebro.” Begin: Mr Maragall said…

b) Transform into passive: The European Commission conditionally approved €80m. c) Complete: If the plan were outmoded… d) Write a question to which the following words are the answer: The government of

Aragon. 3. Find one synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole). a) demanded b) obsolete c) devastate d) backs 4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 words (0-4 marks).

a) Why is water so important in our lives? b) How can NGOs (non-governmental organizations) help people?


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VOTERS SPLIT OVER NUCLEAR POWER

Almost half of Britons say no new nuclear power stations should be built in the UK, according to a The Guardian poll which comes as ministers consider whether to restart Britain’s controversial atomic power programme to meet growing energy demand. The poll finds that neither the pro- nor anti-nuclear lobby can rely on a clear majority of public support. A review of Britain’s energy policies was announced by Tony Blair last month and a report is expected in the summer. Sir David King, the government’s chief scientific adviser, told the Commons environmental committee last month: “I do not think that any government could proceed with nuclear new build if there was a sense in which this was unacceptable to the public. Taking the public along is absolutely essential.” The government’s decision to look at nuclear energy marks a shift in position from that outlined in a white paper two years ago, which said: “Current economics make it an unattractive option for new, carbon-free generating capacity and there are also important issues of nuclear waste to be resolved.” The Guardian interviewed 1,004 adults aged 18-plus by telephone between 15 and 18 December 2005. QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole). a) What is the reason for a review of Britain’s energy policies? b) Why is the result of this poll so important? c) What did economics suggest about energy in the past?

2. Transform or complete the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole). a) Transform into reported speech: “There are important issues of nuclear waste to be resolved.” Begin: A white paper said … b) Write a question to which the underlined words are the answer: A report is expected in the summer. c) Join the following two sentences by means of a relative pronoun: Tony Blair announced a review of Britain’s energy policies. He is the Prime Minister of the British Government. d) Transform into passive: The Guardian interviewed 1,004 adults. 3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole). a) carry on b) fundamental c) resolution d) grown ups 4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 words (0-4 marks). a) Reasons for and against nuclear energy. b) Which governmental decisions should be submitted to public opinion? Inglés. Propuesta número 1/2006. Pág. 1 de [1]


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DRIVING Emboldened* by drink, many drivers become convinced they can do things they’d never dream of attempting sober. Some even boast they can handle a car better after a couple of drinks. But Ford has devised a test to prove them wrong – and I agreed to play guinea pig. While gradually increasing my alcohol intake, I was asked to perform a series of manoeuvres with a Ford Focus to test my dexterity, reaction times and judgement behind the wheel. After just two pints of beer, the effect on my driving was obvious. It was five times less precise. I needed more corrections and hit more cones than before. After two more pints, I was close to the drink-driving limit. My performance continued to deteriorate. What was second nature while sober, required greater and greater concentration. They stopped the test on safety grounds when I was approximately twice the limit. By this time I was driving the car wildly and erratically, sending half the cones flying. The one area where my performance improved was in braking: it showed that I was hitting the pedal faster and harder as the alcohol increased my self-confidence. Given the rest of the results, however, this offered little reassurance. *Emboldened = envalentonados QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Answers will

be assessed from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole). a) Why did the driver agree to experience the test devised by Ford? b) What were the results of alcohol intake? c) Why did the driver’s performance improve when braking? 2. Transform or complete the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole). a) Complete: If the driver hadn’t drunk to the drink-driving limit, … b) Write a question to which the underlined words are the answer: I was hitting the pedal faster and harder. c) Join the following two sentences by means of a relative pronoun: My performance continued to deteriorate. It was fuelled by overconfidence. d) Transform into passive: They stopped the test on safety grounds. 3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole). a) trying b) response c) evident d) indicated 4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 words (0-4 marks). a) The pernicious effects of drinking alcohol when driving a vehicle. b) The limits of smoking and drinking alcohol as “socializing” activities. Inglés. Propuesta número 2/2006. Pág. 1 de [1]

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TEXT EMIGRATION

When the British discuss migration, they usually mean foreigners coming to take their jobs and council flats. Much less notice is taken of the increasing stream of people heading the other way. That is partly because no one really knows how many Britons live abroad. Last December the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) published a report that tried to fill the statistical hole. Almost 200,000 Britons left the country last year with no plans to return, and 5.5m now make their home abroad, it said.

Most of the escapees are not sunseeking tourists; two-thirds of those that go are workers. Six of the top ten destinations are English-speaking and the rest are all in Europe. Australia, Spain and America have attracted the most. Why do people leave? Better jobs and a better life, say most of those who have already gone, and a quarter of those are still flirting with the high cost of living in Britain. Expensive housing is another reason: it enables home owners to sell up and buy a bigger place abroad, and push the young and houseless to consider a move.

Although emigration may be getting more popular, it is also becoming harder. "The technical requirements for getting into many countries are getting tougher," says Richard Gregan, boss of Overseas Emigration, a firm that helps British folk move overseas.

QUESTIONS

1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Your answers will be assessed from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole). a) What do the British mean by "migration"? b) What "statistical hole" is the text referring to? c) Why is housing one of the main reasons for moving abroad?

2. Transform the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole). a) Rewrite these sentences inserting the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets: In recent years there ..... (be) an increasing number of British tourists ..... (look for)

better weather conditions. b) Make these sentences into one: Exchange programmes are encouraged by Universities.

Students have the opportunity to study abroad with exchange programmes. c) Complete: If people were offered cheaper houses... d) Put into the passive: Overseas Emigration helps British folk move overseas.

3. Find one synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each answer (1 as a whole). a) flow b) proprietor c) stricter d) company

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 70-100 (0-4 marks). a) Spain: a new multicultural society. b) Living abroad as a way to enlarge your experience.



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TEXT HALLOWEEN

Halloween, also called All Hallows' Evening is the eve of All Saints' Day, October 31st. In ancient Britain and Ireland, a Celtic festival was held at the end of the summer with huge bonfires set on hilltops to frighten away evil spirits. The date was connected with the return of herds from pastures. The souls of the dead were supposed to revisit their homes on this day, and the autumnal festival acquired sinister significance, with ghosts, witches, hobgoblins, black cats, fairies, and demons of all kinds roaming about.

But Halloween was also thought to be the most favourable time for divinations concerning marriage, luck, health and death. It was the only day of the whole year on which the help of the devil was invoked for such purposes.

Gradually, Halloween has become a secular observance, and many customs and practices have derived into commercial motives such as ghost disguises, pumpkins of all sizes, and plastic witches that are sold at department stores and small shops everywhere. Our consumer society has appropriated the traditional motives of Halloween, very much like it did with Christmas traditions, and turned them into designs for the decoration of homes. Children have been used as potential consumers of all these objects by society.

QUESTIONS

1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Your answers will be assessed 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole). a) Explain the origin of the celebration of Halloween b) How was divination connected to Halloween? c) How does the consumer society make use of Halloween tradition?

2. Transform the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole). a) Transform into reported speech: "I have always felt great when I put on my clown

disguise." Begin: Joss said... b) Transform this sentence into the active: Children have been used as potential consumers

of all these objects by society. c) Complete: If I were to organise a Halloween party... d) Join the following sentences into one: I have been to Rio and Carnival celebrations were

just fantastic. I had read a lot about it before travelling there. I should have gone years ago. Begin: I should...

3. Find one synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole). a) phantom b) size c) seized d) regarding

4. Write about one of the following topics, use 70-100 words (0-4 marks). a) In Spain, would you rather celebrate Halloween or Carnival, and why. b) Do you like disguising? How do you feel when transformed into another character?


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THE ELDERLY AND HUMAN RIGHTS

While the condition of slave children is taking much attention by Human Rights Organizations,

that of the elderly being mistreated is still not well studied. Abuse of old people is gradually

being recognized as a serious social problem. Spouses, children and other relatives abuse older

men and women. Surveys suggest that 4-6% experience some form of abuse in the home, but

mistreatment in institutions may be more widespread than generally believed.

In Spain we find out, now and then, that senior citizens who live at welfare institutions follow

miserable conditions, even suffer hunger or do not receive the medication prescribed to them.

In cultures where women have inferior social status, older women are at risk of being

abandoned when they are widowed and having their property seized. In other cases, a woman

may be used like a slave.

Mara, a woman from India, answered to an interviewer that she was now happy and enjoyed

spending her days alone. She missed nobody after years of being abused by her husband and

her elder son, who had recently abandoned her. She had been diagnosed a terminal disease and

they did not want to spend money or time on her medical treatment.

QUESTIONS

1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Answers

will be assessed from 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole).

a) Where are the elderly mistreated?

b) What specific abuses affect women?

c) Why has Mara been abused?


will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole).

a) Complete: Mistreatment of the elderly seems to have been less...

b) Put into the passive: We think that around five percent of older men and women

experience some form of abuse in the home. Begin: Around five percent of older men and

women .....

c) Make these sentences into one: I never saw Mara again. I guessed she was hidden in the

house and probably very sick. I called the doctor and explained the situation.

d) Write a question for which the underlined words are the answer: She was abused by her

husband and son.

3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole).

a) increasingly b) acknowledged c) lower d) peril

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 80-120 words (0-4 marks). a) The elderly and their living conditions in Spain.

b) Mistreatment in family relationships as a social problem in Spain.


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FAMILY DOCTORS

Few other professionals are so directly and continually available to their clients as family

doctors are to their patients. Your doctor is responsible for providing whatever care you may

need, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Unlike the hospital service, there is no

waiting list for the treatment your doctor provides. Doctor's working hours are flexible and fit

to suit your needs. The great majority of consultations take place within a day of the patient

seeking help. In an emergency, patients are seen without delay in the surgery or at home, and

arrangements are made either for another doctor in the practice or an approved and qualified

substitute to deal with any emergencies which might arise.

How can you help your doctor save time and find a fast diagnosis? It will help if you can

explain your problem straight away, with no useless detail. Be direct: With so many people

consulting every day, it would be remarkable if every consultation went smoothly. If you have

a misunderstanding with your doctor, do talk it over quietly, all patients are nervous and

frightened, but remember, like you, your doctor is only human and he needs your help and

patience to reach a perfect communication.

QUESTIONS

1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Answers

will be assessed 0 to 1 each (3 as a whole). a) What are the differences between the service given by a family doctor and a hospital?

b) In what way do family doctors respond to emergencies?

c) How can you help improve the communication with your doctor?


will be assessed 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole).

a) Transform into reported speech: "Call me if you feel more pain or the breathing gets

more difficult, and during the next days sleep as many hours as you can." Begin: The

doctor told his patient...

b) Rewrite the sentences inserting the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets:

The test results ….. (be) better than I expected. When are you ….. (have) your next

consultation with Dr. Chandler?

c) Complete: Now he feels sick and drowsy, but if John had received a good treatment

before he...

d) Put into the passive: How can you help your doctor save time?

3. Find one synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each (1 as a whole).

a) looking for b) easily c) scared d) aid

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 80-120 words (0-4 marks).

a) What advantages do you see in working as a doctor?

b) Describe the personality of the family doctor

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LIVING THE WIRELESS LIFESTYLE

Chika Matsumoto rarely puts her cell phone down, even when she’s hanging out with friends at

a hamburger shop or soaking in the bathtub. The seventeen-year-old high-school student is

constantly sending text messages to her friends. “I want to be aware of what’s going on with

my friends and not to be left out,” she says. Her mother wonders: is this an addiction? It seems

to her that teenagers can no longer relate to one another except through their phones.

Getting a phone call or a text message implies an importance – it boosts the receiver’s self-

esteem and self-worth. But the average conversation lasts two-and-a-half to three minutes.

Surely many could be postponed or forgotten. How valuable is all this chitchat? What’s more,

the cell-phone craze has moved from an emphasis on voice to one on data. People so devoted to

staying interconnected are kept in a perpetual state of anxiety, because they may have missed

some significant memo, bit of news or gossip. Teenagers used to get together and move around.

These days they are immobile and, while they are texting, they are both stimulated and tense.

Perhaps the worst effect of this mobile frenzy for youngsters is the fact that they are missing

out on natural, real communication and not learning how to socialise normally. After all, 55 per

cent of communication is body language and they can’t get that in a text message.

QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 1 (3 as a whole).

a) How does Chika’s mother feel about her daughter using a cell phone?

b) What makes cell phones so attractive to people?

c) Why is the use of cell phones considered unhealthy for young people?

2. Transform or complete the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole).

a) Transform into reported speech: “I want to be aware of what’s going on with my

friends.” Begin: Chika Matsumoto said that …

b) Complete: I would get a mobile phone if …

c) Write a question for which the underlined words are the answer: The average

conversation lasts a couple of minutes.

d) Rewrite the sentences inserting the appropriate form of the verb in brackets:

About thirty years ago people __________ (be) fascinated by television. People

nowadays __________ (be) much more interested in computers.

3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each answer (1 as a whole).

a) conscious b) excluded c) increases d) ordinary

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 80-120 words (0-4 marks). a) How useful is technology in your daily life?

b) How do you spend your free time with your friends?

Inglés. Propuesta 3/2009. Pág. 1 de [1]


de Castilla y León

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1 página

TEXT

THE SPREAD OF ENGLISH

The cross-cultural spread of English is unprecedented in many ways. It is more widely used than any of the other colonial languages like French, Portuguese or Spanish as it is the

international one. It even has a wider use than some of the languages associated with

international non-Western religious traditions, like Arabic or Sanskrit.

Its global stature is backed up by massive English-language training programmes, an international business that in textbooks, language courses, video programmes and computerized

instruction is worth hundreds of millions of pounds or dollars to the economies of the US and

the UK. The English language is now one of Britain’s most reliable exports. It is an ideal

British product, needing no workers and no work, no assembly lines and no assembly, no spare

parts and very little servicing, it is used for the most intimate and the most public services

everywhere.

In countries like India, English is used at all levels of society: in local English-language

newspapers and broadcasting, in public administration, in university education, in the major

industries, the courts and the civil service. Indeed, with nearly 200 languages, India needs

English to unify the country. As some people state: “more Indians speak English and write

English than in England itself”.

QUESTIONS 1. Read the text and, according to it, answer the questions. Use your own words. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 1 (3 as a whole).

a) Why is English more important than other colonial languages? b) What kind of product is the English language in Britain? c) Why is English so important in India?

2. Transform or complete the following sentences according to the instructions. Answers will be assessed from 0 to 0.5 each (2 as a whole).

a) Complete: If we had to learn another language …

b) Put into the passive: India needs English to unify the country. c) Write a question for which the underlined words are the answer: The English language

is a good source of money for UK and USA.

d) Transform into reported speech: Dr Robert Smith said: “any literate, educated person on the face of the globe is deprived if he does not know English.” Begin with: Dr Robert

Smith remarked …

3. Find a synonym in the text for each of the words below. 0 to 0.25 each answer (1 as a whole).

a) growth b) extraordinary c) supported d) main

4. Write about one of the following topics, between 80-120 words (0-4 marks). a) English and Spanish in the world. b) What do you think about the use of English as a global language?

LENGUA EXTRANJERA: INGLÉS Propuesta 1

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OPTION A

DEFINING THE OBAMA DOCTRINE

During the 2008 campaign, Barack Obama promised to roll back Bush-era abuses and restore the proper balance between security and freedom. A few days after being sworn in, he elated progressives by banning torture, beginning the process of closing Guantánamo, and putting military commissions on ice. But a year on, a majority of Bush's counterterror policies remain largely, if not entirely, intact. Critics on the left call Obama "Bush lite"; meanwhile, Dick Cheney hammers him for aiding and comforting the enemy. So who's right? And what philosophy is the administration adopting as a guide in the war on terror? Neither criticism hits the mark. Dismantling the CIA's enhanced-interrogation program and shuttering Guantánamo are substantive reforms that improve our global image. The counterterror policies that remain are now on firmer legal footing. Obama's lawyers have sought the input of Congress and the blessing of the courts. These changes represent a critical conceptual shift. Under Bush, policy sometimes seemed to be driven as much by a desire to vindicate ideology as a need to protect the American people. Obama starts from a different premise: that the tools we rely on to combat terrorism should be grounded in the rule of law and subject to congressional and judicial review. QUESTIONS 1. Answer the following questions according to the instructions (3 points as a whole). a. Answer the following question using your own words (10 to 20 words) (1 point). a.1. According to the text, what did Barack Obama promise in the 2008 campaign? b. Say if the following statements are true or false. Indicate the line(s) in the text supporting your choice (1 point as a whole: 0.5 each). b.1. Soon after being sworn Barack Obama made important decisions for the U.S. b.2. Barack Obama is in favour of torture. c. Choose a, b or c in each question below. Only one choice is correct (1 point as a whole: 0.5 each). c.1. Put someone or something on ice means: a) to fail to convince; b) to postpone acting; c) to get something started. c.2. Shuttering Guantánamo: a) was the biggest mistake; b) gave U.S. a better image; c) dismantled the CIA's interrogation program.

2. Complete the following tasks according to the instructions (2 points as a whole: 0.5 each). a) Write a question for which the underlined words are the answer: “During the 2008 campaign Barack Obama travelled all over America.” b) Put into the passive: “Critics on the left call Obama ‘Bush lite’.” c) Transform into reported speech: “Dick Cheney hammers him for aiding and comforting the enemy.” Begin with: “A High Commissioner stated that …” d) Complete: “If Obama hadn’t shut Guantánamo …”

3. Find words in the text with the following meaning (a and b) and synonyms for each of the words below (c, d and e) (1 as a whole: 0.2 each ). a) a series of coordinated activities b) prohibiting by legal means c) whole d) change e) fight

4.Write about the following topic using between 90-120 words (0-4 points). Can politicians solve our problems (e.g. the climate change, terrorism, etc.)?

Pruebas de Acceso a enseñanzas universitarias oficiales de grado

Castilla y León CONVOCATORIA 2010

LENGUA EXTRANJERA:

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EJERCICIO

Nº páginas: 2

LENGUA EXTRANJERA: INGLÉS Propuesta 1

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OPTION B WHY DO TEENAGERS DRINK ALCOHOL?

Teenagers consume alcohol for a number of reasons, and there is not just one dimension to this situation. Since teenagers are at an age when they want to experiment with everything, the curiosity to consume alcohol sometimes leads them to alcohol addiction. Teenagers can sometimes go through rough patches which can be due to relationship problems or something to do with their parents, and in the end, they are unable to cope with these issues and tend to get depressed.

Such conditions encourage teens to consume alcohol. As teenagers often witness their parents fighting and verbally abusing each other, this also affects their mental state. In fact, one of the main things which leads teenagers to drink is their parents getting divorced, and whenever such a thing happens, teenagers can be known to seek solace in alcohol and drugs. It is important to keep the home environment positive for teens as many of them are highly sensitive and take things very personally.

You cannot blame the teenagers for their addiction. Rather it is the situation that encourages them to turn to alcohol. Also, another reason to drink alcohol is that teenagers want to impress their friends. They want to be cool in front of them, and they believe that drinking alcohol is a way of being adult-like and trendy.

QUESTIONS

1. Answer the following questions according to the instructions (3 points as a whole). a. Answer the following question using your own words. (10 to 20 words) (1 point). a.1. According to the text, what circumstances lead teenagers to take refuge in drinking? b. Say if the following statements are true or false. Indicate the line(s) in the text supporting your choice (2 points as a whole: 0.5 each). b.1. Teenagers often drink alcohol because of peer pressure . b.2. Some teens drink because their parents don’t get on with each other very well. c. Choose a, b or c in each question below. Only one choice is correct (1 point as a whole: 0,5 each). c.1. Many teens start drinking because: a) their families drink; b) they feel angry; c) they can’t handle their problems. c.2. One way to help avoid alcohol and drug addiction in teenagers is: a) to maintain a positive environment; b) to be very critical about friends; c) to get them to try everything.

2. Complete the following tasks according to the instructions (2 points as a whole: 0.5 each). a) Complete: The younger a person is when they begin drinking, the … b) Join the following sentences into one: I used to drink to make me feel more confident around my mates. I started getting into fights. c) Join the following two sentences by means of a relative pronoun: Some teenagers consume alcohol and drugs. They have problems with their parents. d) Rephrasing: A boy is upset because he had a car accident after having taken drugs. Begin with: “He wishes …

3. Find words in the text with the following meaning (a and b) and synonyms for each of the words below (c, d and e) (1 as a whole: 0.2 each). a) intense desire to know b) a physical or mental dependence c) animate d) mistreating e) accuse

4. Write about the following topic using between 90-120 words (0-4 points). How can drinking alcohol affect young people?



LENGUA EXTRANJERA:

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EJERCICIO

Nº páginas: 2

LENGUA EXTRANJERA: INGLÉS Propuesta 5 1

OPTION A ACCESS TO UNIVERSITY IN GREAT BRITAIN

Applications to higher education courses in the United Kingdom are managed by the Universities & Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). Students submit a single application via UCAS’s website with a list of up to five courses for which they are applying, in the order of preference. There are three application deadlines for different courses: October of the previous year, and January and March of the year when the applicant wishes to start university.

Once this application is processed, the universities and colleges will consider it: each has their own criteria and their own ways of working, so students can expect to hear from them at different times. Some courses require particular qualifications, others require an admissions test. Universities and colleges might send an invitation, which asks the applicant to attend an interview or audition, or to provide a portfolio of work, an essay or other piece of work.

After the student has attended the interview or sent the piece of work, the university or college may make a conditional offer –in case he or she is still in high school: this means that certain conditions, usually good marks in final exams, must be met. Universities and colleges might have other additional requirements, like financial or medical conditions. QUESTIONS 1. Answer the following questions according to the instructions (3 points as a whole). a. Answer the following question using your own words (10 to 20 words) (1 point). a.1. What is UCAS ? b. Say if the following statements are true or false. Indicate the line(s) in the text supporting your choice (1 point as a whole: 0.5 each). b.1. All the universities and colleges in the United Kingdom ask the same requirements from applicants. b.2. Students may apply to higher education before they finish high school. c. Choose a, b or c in each question below. Only one choice is correct (1 point as a whole: 0.5 each). c.1. Students organize the list of the courses they apply for: a) alphabetically; b) placing their first choice on the top; c) in the order of difficulty. c.2. A university or college will cancel their conditional offer: a) if the student does not attend an interview; b) if the student does not finally meet certain conditions; c) if the student does not provide an essay. 2. Complete the following tasks according to the instructions (2 points as a whole: 0.5 each). a) Put into the passive: “Certain universities require applicants to take an admissions test”. b) Fill in with the correct tense: “Unless you (submit)……… your application before next Monday, you (can not start)…………….. university in autumn. c) Transform into reported speech: “A conditional offer from a college means that certain conditions must be met.” Begin with: “Our Head Teacher explained that…” d) Combine into one sentence containing a relative clause: “Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious universities in Great Britain. Application deadlines for them are the earliest.” 3. Find words in the text with the following meaning (a and b) and synonyms for each of the words below (c, d and e) (1 as a whole: 0.2 each). a) dates before which something must be done b) concerning money c) preceding d) evaluate e) composition 4. Write about the following topic using between 90-120 words (0-4 points). Access to university in Spain and in Great Britain: which one do you prefer? Why?



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EJERCICIO

Nº páginas: 2

LENGUA EXTRANJERA: INGLÉS Propuesta 5 2

OPTION B REALITY TELEVISION

Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000. Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows to surveillance or voyeurism. Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities. Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts.

QUESTIONS 1. Answer the following questions according to the instructions (3 points as a whole). a. Answer the following question using your own words (10 to 20 words) (1 point). a.1. According to the text, what is the main appeal of reality television? b. Say if the following statements are true or false. Indicate the line(s) in the text supporting your choice (1 point as a whole: 0.5 each). b.1. Reality television shows are performed by professional actors. b.2. Everything that happens in reality shows is artificial. c. Choose a, b or c in each question below. Only one choice is correct (1 point as a whole: 0.5 each). c.1. Television reality: a) covers a limited variety of programmes; b) covers a broad range of programmes; c) only presents dramatic situations. c.2. The producers: a) have no control upon the programmes; b) only select the participants; c) have the command of everything. 2. Complete the following tasks according to the instructions (2 points as a whole: 0.5 each). a) Write a question for which the underlined word is the answer: “The genre has existed since the early years of television.” b) Put into the passive: “Reality television covers many television programming formats.” c) Transform into reported speech: “The producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment.” Begin with: Some commentators said … d) Complete the following sentence: “If reality television had not the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities…. 3. Find words in the text with the following meaning (a and b) and synonyms for each of the words below (c, d and e) (1 as a whole: 0.2 each). a) the ways in which something is arranged or presented b) the quality of being attractive or interesting c) exceptional d) create e) spectacle 4. Write about the following topic using between 90-120 words (0-4 points). Would you like to participate in a reality show? Why?



LENGUA EXTRANJERA:

INGLÉS

EJERCICIO

Nº páginas: 2

Pruebas de Acceso a enseñanzas universitarias oficiales de grado Universidades de Castilla y León

CONVOCATORIA 2011

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EJERCICIO Nº páginas: 2

Option A GHOST PHOTOGRAPHED: PROOF OR FAKE?

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Speculation over the presence of a ghost at Tantallon Castle in Scotland was aroused by a picture released as part of an experiment into the photographic evidence of the paranormal. The image, taken in May 2010, appeared to show a figure in medieval costume. The photographer claimed that they were unaware of anyone present at the time the image was taken, and that there were no actors in costume at the castle. Now another image which could show the same ghost has been presented to psychologist Richard Wiseman, who has been running the study. It was taken 30 years ago by Grace Lamb, during a family trip to the castle. It is a picture of her husband and their children but in the background appears to be some kind of apparition. "I have been getting a picture of a ghost every ten minutes since I launched the study. Most of them are nonsense, but a few are interesting", Professor Wiseman said. Experts admit that these two images don’t seem to have been digitally altered. The face, however, may be just another visitor; and it was also suggested the image could have been caused by light reflection off the stone walls of the castle.

QUESTIONS [1] FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS , ANSWER QUESTIONS A, B, C. (3 POINTS AS A WHOLE)

A. Answer the following question using your own words. (10 to 20 words) (1 point)

Why has a ghost been believed to inhabit Tantallon Castle?

B. Is the following statement true or false? Indicate the line(s) in the text supporting your choice. (0.5 points)

Experts are sure that the pictures have been digitally altered. Lengua Extranjera: Inglés. Propuesta 2

C. Choose a, b or c in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points as a whole: 0.5 points each) C1. Professor Wiseman… a) is a psychologist.

b) says he does not believe in ghosts. c) is married to Grace Lamb.

C2. The oldest of the two pictures was taken … a) by Grace Lamb. b) by a very famous photographer. c) in the spring of 2010. C3. The walls of Tantallon Castle…

a) are made of stone. b) are covered with mysterious faces. c) can’t reflect the light.

[2] COMPLETE TASKS a, b, c, d ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN . (2 POINTS AS A WHOLE : 0.5 EACH)

a) Combine into one sentence containing a relative clause: “Richard Wiseman is running this research on the paranormal. I don’t trust his methods.”

b) Transform into reported speech: “The face in the picture may be just another visitor.” Begin with: “Skeptics conjectured that…”

c) Complete: “I will not believe in ghosts unless…” d) Write a question for which the underlined words are the answer: “The image appeared to show a figure in medieval costume.”

[3] VOCABULARY (1 POINT AS A WHOLE : 0.2 EACH ANSWER) - Find one word in the text for each of the following meanings:

a) ignorant or not conscious of something b) something that is absurd or contrary to good sense

- Find synonyms for each of the words below: c) excursion d) sort e) modified

[4] WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC USING BETWEEN 90-120 WORDS. (4 POINTS) Write about a paranormal phenomenon you have witnessed, heard of, read about…

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CONVOCATORIA 2011

LENGUA EXTRANJERA :

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Option B CABLE ’S BIG FEAR: INTERNET TV

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Force of habit is a powerful thing. How else can I explain why I spend $ 200 per month for a package of Internet, TV and telephone –most of which I don’t really need? My wife and I make most calls on our cell phones. An even bigger waste of money is TV, which accounts for $125 of the $200 package. Nearly everything we want we could get online. So why not just pay for the Internet and forget the rest? Nielsen recently reported that although online video viewing has risen TV viewing is still done on a traditional TV. But that’s not the case for younger people, like my pal Dan Frommer. He gets shows from the Internet via a Macintosh computer hooked to his LCD television. He can’t get everything he’d like to see. The next generation will likely never sign up for cable TV at all. Cable companies are faced with a dilemma: do they embrace the Internet and try to make money online, or do they fight the Internet and try to hold off the destruction? The answer is to do both –holding off the rising tide with one hand while racing to devise workable Internet business models with the other.

QUESTIONS [1] FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS , ANSWER QUESTIONS A, B, C. (3 POINTS AS A WHOLE)


Why does the author pay for a package of Internet, TV and telephone?

B. Are the following statements true or false? Indicate the line(s) in the text supporting your choice. (1 point as a whole: 0.5 points each)

B1. Online video viewing has decreased. B2. Nielsen has reported that younger people watch TV on a traditional TV.

Lengua Extranjera: Inglés. Propuesta 2

C. Choose a, b or c in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1 point as a whole: 0.5 points each) C1. The next generation…

a) will sign for cable TV. b) will get the shows from Internet. c) will likely never watch a movie.

C2. Cable companies… a) will fight the Internet. b) don’t know what to do. c) will welcome Internet.


a) Write a question for which the underlined words are the answer: “Force of habit is a powerful thing.” b) Put into the passive: “My wife and I make most calls on our cell phones.” c) Transform into reported speech: “Why do you spend $200 per month for a package of Internet, TV and telephone –most of which you don’t really need?” Begin with: “My sister wondered why Mark…” d) Combine into one sentence containing a relative clause: “Dan Frommer downloads shows from the Internet via a Macintosh computer. He can’t get everything he’d like to see.”


a) extremely effective b) cease or fail to remember

- Find synonyms for each of the words below: c) informed d) friend e) feasible

[4] WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC USING BETWEEN 90-120 WORDS. (4 POINTS)

Do you use the Internet? When and what for? 2


CONVOCATORIA 2011

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Option A THE CURSE OF BEAUTY

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We’ve all heard stories about how attractive people make more money than the unattractive. We’ve read how babies stare longer and cry less when held by pretty people, and heard tales of handsome children doing better in school, given special attention by their teachers. And if we hadn’t already come to terms with the belief that beautiful people are generally better all-around, a study late last month revealed we notice the intricacies of their personality more, too—simply because we’re better listeners when we can stare at a beautiful face. But what if we told you that when it comes to online dating, good looks could actually hurt you? “OK Cupid” decided to find out. The second-most-popular online dating site, for which statistical pseudo-sociology has become something of a pastime, they cross-examined data from thousands of users to try and determine what kind of women most men find attractive. What did they find? That the more men as a group disagree about a woman’s looks, the more they end up liking her; that guys tend to ignore girls widely-considered to be attractive; that having some men think you’re ugly actually works in a woman’s favor.

QUESTIONS

[1] FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS , ANSWER QUESTIONS A, B, C. (3 POINTS AS A WHOLE)


According to the text, why do handsome children do better in school? B. Are the following statements true or false? Indicate the line(s) in the text supporting your choice. (1.5 points as a whole: 0.5 points each) B1. It is heard that appealing people make more money than the ugly. B2. Babies dislike attractive people. B3. “OK Cupid” is an organization devoted to human beauty.

Lengua Extranjera: Inglés. Propuesta 5

C. Choose a, b or c in the question below. Only one choice is correct. (0.5 points) It was found that…

a) men disagree about a woman’s looks. b) if men think a woman is ugly it actually works in her favour. c) men don’t ignore attractive girls.


a) Put into the passive: “We’ve heard stories about how attractive people are more successful than the unattractive.” b) Transform into reported speech: “The more men as a group disagree about a woman’s looks, the more they end up liking her.” Begin with: “ ‘OK Cupid’ said…” c) Complete: “If a baby were held by a pretty person…” d) Combine into one sentence containing a relative clause: “ ‘OK Cupid’ is the second most-popular online dating site. ‘OK Cupid’ determined what kind of women most men find attractive.”


a) appealing to the senses or mind through beauty b) acceptance of the truth of something

- Find synonyms for each of the words below: c) complexities d) character e) distraction

[4] WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC USING BETWEEN 90-120 WORDS. (4 POINTS)

Would you use dating sites?

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CONVOCATORIA 2011

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Option B PARENTS PAY CHILDREN LESS POCKET MONEY BECAUSE OF R ECESSION

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One in four parents has cut the amount of pocket money they give their children as a direct result of the recession. The average child between 4 and 15 gets £5.80 pocket money a week, but 24% of parents admit they have reduced the amount they give their children. Seven out of 10 parents expect their children to help around the house in exchange for cash, from tidying their own rooms to mowing the lawn. Around 38% of children regularly save the money they receive, with 35% having a savings account and 58% keeping their money in a piggy bank. Children in London get the most pocket money, at an average of £7.81 a week. Boys typically get more money than girls. They are more than twice as likely as girls to receive between £16 and £20 a week, but they are also more likely to spend it in days. The majority of parents surveyed said they have had the financial equivalent of the "birds and bees" conversation with their offspring, discussing where money comes from. You can never start financial education early enough, and this approach is by far the best way to teach children good habits.

QUESTIONS

[1] FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS , ANSWER QUESTIONS A, B, C. (3 POINTS AS A WHOLE)


What do children have to do to get pocket money? B. Are the following statements true or false? Indicate the line(s) in the text supporting your choice. (1.5 points as a whole: 0.5 points each)

B1. 70% of children are expected to help their parents at home in order to receive their allowance. B2. Children in Britain save their weekly money under the bed. B3. Girls in the U.K. get more pocket money than boys. Lengua Extranjera: Inglés. Propuesta 5

C. Choose a, b or c in the question below. Only one choice is correct. (0.5 points) Kids’ pocket money has been reduced in Britain… a) due to earthquakes.

b) due to the weak economy. c) because of their teachers.


a) Complete: “If he had had some reason to explain his behaviour…” b) Put into the passive: “Jonathan gave the children a book for their birthday last month.” c) Transform into reported speech: “Children, don’t waste your pocket money on useless things.” Begin with: “Their mother advised…” d) Write a question for which the underlined words are the answer: “It takes

me three months to save up for a computer game.”

[3] VOCABULARY (1 POINT AS A WHOLE : 0.2 EACH ANSWER)

- Find one word in the text for each of the following meanings:

a) a period of general economic decline b) cutting down the grass with a mechanical device

- Find synonyms for each of the words below: c) acknowledge d) assist e) manners

[4] WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC USING BETWEEN 90-120 WORDS. (4 POINTS) From what age do you think children should start receiving pocket money and what do you think they should have to do to get it?

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