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Protozoans Animal-like Protists Slide 2 Protozoans Includes forams and radiolarians Found on surface and in bottom sediments Unicellular Animal like Kingdom Protista Subdivided into 3 phyla: Ciliophora Zoomastigina Sarcodina Slide 3 Ciliophora Largest group Most free swimming, some attached to substrate Move by beating microscopic cilia Fresh and salt water Slide 4 Sarcodina Forams, radiolarians, and amoebas Live on surface of substrates Move and eat using pseudopods amoeboid movement Slide 5 Zoomastigina Animal like protists Move using a flagella Live in freshwater, saltwater, and as parasites within other organisms Slide 6 Life Functions of Protozoans All life functions carried out within 1 cell! Ingestion getting food in Digestion breaking food down Respiration food to energy (ATP) Transport gas exchange Water balance/excretion Sensitivity responding to stimuli reproduction Slide 7 Vorticella Ciliophora Unicellular Ciliated protozoan Sessile attached to substrate Slide 8 Ingestion and Digestion Vorticella Food is swept toward mouth oral groove by moving its ring of cilia Food particles enter food vacuoles, where they are broken down. Intracellular digestion inside a cell http://youtu.be/YHb2JaujIPo http://youtu.be/YHb2JaujIPo Slide 9 Respiration Converting food (sugars) into energy (ATP) using oxygen Occurs in the mitochondria Oxygen + Glucose -> Water + Carbon Dioxide +36 ATP Vorticella uses ATP to contract its stalk Slide 10 Transport Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide diffuse across the cell membrane Oxygen diffuses IN Carbon Dioxide diffuses OUT Inside the cell food vacuoles move around and distribute nutrients Slide 11 Water Balance and Secretion Water moves into aquatic organisms like Vorticella through osmosis Eventually they would burst, but Excess water is pumped out through the Contractile Vacuole Excretory Vacuole pumps out liquid waste Helps maintain homeostasis (a stable internal environment) Slide 12 Sensitivity Ability of an organism to respond to environmental stimuli Vorticella Responds to touch by contracting its stalk into a coil Avoidance reaction to stimuli that may be harmful Also contracts spontaneously Slide 13 Reproduction Asexual reproduction Binary fission division of prokaryotic cell into 2 identical cells Slide 14 Sexual reproduction Conjugation 2 parent protozoans exchange parts of their micronuclei when they come in contact (exchange genetic material) Increases genetic variation Binary fission then occurs, but with unique offspring.