Proto k ol iz Kjota i tržište dozvola za emisiju ugljika

Protokol iz Kjota i trite dozvola za emisiju ugljika

Dr. Venkata Ramana Putti

Radionica o finansiranju smanjenja emisije ugljika Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina17. april 2009.

Klima na Zemlji se zagrijava a za to su prije svega odgovorne ljudske aktivnosti (postotak izvjesnosti >90%)Koncentracija izmeu 1850. i 2000. godine iznosila je 280 do 430ppm (porast od 0,5-0,8oC)Do 2035. se oekuje vrijednost od 550 ppm 77-99% vjerovatnoe za porast od 2oC 50% vjerovatnoe za porast od 5oCPromjene klime

Potencijal globalnog zagrijavanjaUgljen dioksid (CO2)01

Metan (CH4)21

Duikov oksid (N2O)310

Perfluorougljici (PFC)6500Hidrofluorougljici (HFC)11700Sumpor fluorid (SF6)23900Stakleniki gasovi (GHG)

Chart2

55

19

9

16

1

Koliina GHG

Visok GWP1%

Metan16%

Sheet1

CO2 (F&C)55

CO2 (LULUCF)19

N2O9

Methane16

High GWP1

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

Volume of GHGs

Sheet2

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Sheet6

Raspodjela emisije GHG-aCrveno -- % udjela (2004); Plavo tCO2/capita (2000)

Chart3

17

14

3

26

13

19

8

Emisija GHG-a po sektorima

Graevina8%

Snabdijevanje energijom26%

Otpad3%

Poljoprivreda14%

Industrija19%

umarstvo17%

Sheet1

CO2 (F&C)55

CO2 (LULUCF)19

N2O9

Methane16

High GWP1

Forestry17

Agriculture14

Waste3

Energy Supply26

Transport13

Industry19

Buildings8

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

Volume of GHGs

Sheet2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Sheet3

Sheet4

Sheet5

Sheet6

Chart4

22.224.09

18.43.05

14.710.74

5.612.91

4.91.34

4.69.65

Emisije GHG-a po zemljama

Sheet1

CO2 (F&C)55

CO2 (LULUCF)19

N2O9

Methane16

High GWP1

Forestry17

Agriculture14

Waste3

Energy Supply26

Transport13

Industry19

Buildings8

USA22.224.09

China18.43.05

EU14.710.74

Russia5.612.91

India4.91.34

Japan4.69.65

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

Volume of GHGs

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0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Sheet3

00

00

00

00

00

00

GHG Emmisions by Country

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Potencijalni utjecaji

Krajnji cilj stabiliziranje koncentracija globalnih staklenikih gasova u atmosferiRazvijene zemlje (zemlje iz Aneksa I) imaju za cilj vraanje emisija GHG-a na nivoe iz 1990. godine Podrati izgradnju kapaciteta u, i olakati transfer tehnologije na zemlje u razvoju u cilju ublaavanja, i prilagodbe na klimatske promjene Godinji sastanci kao Konferencija uesnica, radi praenja napretka Okvirna konvencija UN-a o klimatskim promjenama

PROSJ.: 1990 - 5.2%Emisije GHG-a u tonama/godinje1990.: Polazna godina 20122008Prvi obavezni period: 2008-2012.UOBIAJENE emisijeZahtjev: Projekti iz Kjota EU ETS potporeProtokol iz Kjota38 razvijenih zemalja i privreda u tranziciji (zemlje iz Aneksa I) preuzelo je obavezu smanjenja emisije GHG-a 1997. godine

Komponente trita dozvolama za emisiju ugljika

Trite Vrsta transakcijeVrsta kredita ReimRegulatornoNa osnovi potpora AAU(Dodijeljene jedinice koliine)Meunarodna razmjena emisijaEUA(Potpora EU-a) EU ema razmjene emisijaNa osnovi projekataERU (Jedinica smanjenja emisije)Zajednika provedba Joint ImplementationCER(Certificirano smanjenje emisije)Mehanizam istog razvoja - Clean Development Mechanism Dobrovoljno Uglavnom na osnovi projekataVER (Potvreno smanjenje emisije)Dobrovoljni projekti

CDM, l. 12 KP-a:Definiran: kredit za smanjenje emisije (CER) iz ulaganja u zemlje u razvoju (izvan Aneksa I)Ciljevi:Unaprijediti odrivi razvoj u zemljama u razvojuPomoi zemljama iz Aneksa I u ispunjenju njihovih ciljeva smanjenja emisije na ekonomian nainCertificirana smanjenja emisije (CER) moraju: Stvoriti stvarnu, mjerljivu, i dugoronu korist vezanu za ublaavanje klimatskih promjena. (l. 12.5b)Biti dodatak svakoj aktivnosti koja bi se pojavila u odsustvu certificirane projektne aktivnosti. (l. 12.5c)Smanjenje emisije mora: potvrditi odreeni operativni organ (DOE)Mehanizam istog razvoja (CMD)

Zemlja iz Aneksa I

Zemlja izvan Aneksa IFinansiranje TehnologijaProjekti za smanjenje emisija GHG-aCertificirano smanjenje emisije (CER) Smanjenje emisije u poreenju sa postojeom osnovnom vrijednostiMehanizam istog razvoja (CMD)

Za kupce (zemlje iz Aneksa I)Ciljevi usaglaavanjaOdrivi razvojZa prodavae (zemlje izvan Aneksa I)Doprinijeti odrivom razvojuOlakati transfer tehnologijePoveati finansijsku dobitGlavni trini pokretai

Status CDM-a (02/04/09)

RegistriranoPotrebnoRazvojProjekti155049>2600Ukupno CER1520m30m>1350mGodinje CER280m8,8m

Rast trita dozvola za emisiju ugljika7,4 US$B: CDM in 07

Cijena dozvola za emisiju ugljika tokom ekonomske krizeIzvori: ECX & BluenextSpot EUA i sCER ( po tCO2e)

Koliina ugljika u transakcijama (GtCO2e)Do 20 potrebno je 50 GtCO2 godinje

Trenutno trgovanje dozvolama je 4 GtCO2e sli stvarna koliina smanjenja jedva pola te koliine jer trite ukljuuje veliku trgovinu dozvolama (gdje kvote stalno mijenjaju vlasnike).

Ogromni jaz izmeu koliine potrebnog i trenutnog napora.Potrebna su drastina smanjenja emisije. Inae e emisije i temperatura porasti do neprihvatljivih nivoa.

Za stabilizaciju na 550 ppm CO2e do 2050. potrebno je smanjiti emisije 60% od uobiajenih.

Napori na ublaavanju tokom naredne dvije-tri decenije bit e od kljune vanosti. Potreban napor za smanjenje emisija do 2050. (GtCO2e)Izvor: Stern, 2007Drastino smanjenje potrebno do 2050.

GHG vs CDM

0.170.0070699136

0.030.1437549097

0.260.6967792616

0.130.0018329406

0.080.0047132757

0.190.1008117308

0.140.0450379681

Sources of GHG emissions

Type of CDM projects

Volume traded

0.008490.097960.00910.01071

0.3210.3510.0110.027

1.1040.5620.0160.063

2.0610.7910.0410.09

2.61.233960.063960.20952

sta

EU ETS

CDM

JI

Other

G tCO2e transacted

Sheet1

Sources of GHG emissionsType of CDM projects

Land use, Land-use change and Forestry17.0%0.7%

Waste3.0%14.4%

Energy supply26.0%69.7%

Transportation13.0%0.2%

Residential and Commercial buildings8.0%0.5%

Industry19.0%10.1%

Agriculture14.0%4.5%

Total100.0%100.0%

EU ETSOtherTotal allowancesPrimary CDMSecondary CDMJIOther compliance, voluntary and retailTotal project-based transactions

20048.497.7916.2897.000.969.102.92109.98

2005321.007.00328.00341.0010.0011.0020.00382.00

20061,104.0030.001,134.00537.0025.0016.0033.00611.00

20072,061.0048.002,109.00551.00240.0041.0042.00874.00

20082,600.00144.002,744.00859.56374.4063.9665.521,363.44

EU ETSCDMJIOtherTotal

20040.010.100.010.010.13

20050.320.350.010.030.71

20061.100.560.020.061.75

20072.060.790.040.092.98

2008 (forecast)2.601.230.060.214.11

Sheet2

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Neujednaen regionalni fokus; Kina, Indija i Brazil = 85% udjela u CDM tritu;Svega 16 projekata u ECA = 4 Armenija, 1 Gruzija, 3 Kipar, 4 Moldavija, 4 UzbekistanSmanjenja od poumljavanja i izbjegevanja sjee uma uveliko nedostaju.Mnoge zemlje s visokim emisijama imaju relativno nisko prisustvo u tritima dozvola za emisiju ugljika.2. Mnoge zemlje nisu dovoljno pokrivene u vezi s njihovim emisijama1. Lokacija CDM projekata(postotak koliine, 2007)Znaajan potencijal tek treba iskoristiti u CDM

Working Draft - Last Modified 3/21/2008 11:01:43 AM

Printed 03/21/2008 10:09:22 AM

Danas: Mnoge zemlje u razvoju i sektori su izostavljeni iz trita dozvolama za emisiju ugljika

Izvor:UNEP, WRI, timska analiza

Mnoge zemlje su neiskoritene u odnosu na emisije

Manje mogunosti za smanjenje emisija su nedovoljno iskoritene tapped

Upotreba zemljita odigrala je minimalnu ulogu u CDM pipeline

Tri zemlje u razvoju su zauzele >75% trinog udjela

CDM aktivnost po zemlji, sredinom 2007.

Mt CO2e/year

*

*

*

*

*

*

* MtCO2

*

Ostali

*

Indija

Kina

*

Meksiko

Juna Koreja

Indonezija

*

Juna Afrika

Saudijska Arabija

*

*

Tajland

Venecuela

Egipat

Malezija

Alir

ile

Katar

.

Industrijski gas

Uteda energije

Obnovljiva energija

Metan

*

Upotreba zemljita

Ostalo

Ukupno

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Rasodjela veliine projekataPostotak ukupne koliine CER u pipeline*, po veliini projekta (kT CO2)

Udjel ukupne proizvodnje CER, po zemljiProcenat ukupne koliine CER in pipeline

Emisije GHG-a u 2000. (Mt CO2e p.a.)

Udjel ukupne proizvodnje CER, po vrsti projektaProcenat ukupne koliine CER in pipeline

13

umarstvo je jedva vidljivo u CDMSporazum postignut na Baliju o nastavku Smanjenja emisija nastalih unitenjem uma i degradacijom (REDD), prua priliku zemljama sa tropskim umama da se pridrue tritima dozvola za emisiju ugljika. Sada je potrebno: izgraditi kapacitet za mjerenje i provjeru emisija povezanih sa umama i dovesti ove prednosti na trite im se uspostavi meunarodni regulatorni okvir. 64% ugovora iz 2007. za istu energijuIzgradnja na uspjehu za daljnji usponProgramski pristupi omoguit e poveanje/proirenje na intervencije u kljunim razvojnim sektorima (energija, el. ureaji, upravljanje otpadom, transport i novije tehnologije). Pristupi usklaeni sa finansiranjem koje obezbjeuju domai FI zasluuju posebnu panju.Prilike za napredak

Chart1

0.1740.0070699136


Share of CDM projects

GHG vs CDM

0.1740.0070699136

0.0280.1437549097

0.2590.6967792616

0.1310.0018329406

0.0790.0047132757

0.1940.1008117308

0.1350.0450379681


Type of CDM projects

Volume traded

0.008490.097960.00910.01071

0.3210.3510.0110.027

1.1040.5620.0160.063

2.0610.7910.0410.09

2.61.233960.063960.20952

EU ETS

CDM

JI

Other

G tCO2e transacted

Sheet1

Sources of GHG emissionsShare of CDM projectsEU ETS

Land use, Land-use change and Forestry17.4%0.7%

Waste2.8%14.4%

Energy supply25.9%69.7%40

Transportation13.1%0.2%

Residential and Commercial buildings7.9%0.5%

Industry19.4%10.1%60

Agriculture13.5%4.5%

Total100.0%100.0%

Volumes traded (MtCO2e)EU ETSOtherTotal allowancesPrimary CDMSecondary CDMJIOther compliance, voluntary and retailTotal project-based transactions

20048.497.7916.2897.000.969.102.92109.98

2005321.007.00328.00341.0010.0011.0020.00382.00

20061,104.0030.001,134.00537.0025.0016.0033.00611.00

20072,061.0048.002,109.00551.00240.0041.0042.00874.00

20082,600.00144.002,744.00859.56374.4063.9665.521,363.44

Volumes traded (GtCO2e)EU ETSCDMJIOtherTotal

20040.010.100.010.010.13

20050.320.350.010.030.71

20061.100.560.020.061.75

20072.060.790.040.092.98

2008 (forecast)2.601.230.060.214.11

Physical share of market (2007)EU ETSPrimary CDMJI

%62%22%1%Source: Point Carbon, Carbon 2008.

Volume1.040.660.03

Sheet1

00


Share of CDM projects

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet4

Sheet5

Sheet6

na potvrivanju ili treba reg.registriranoizdavanje2,645 projekata1,451 MCERs403 projekata195 MCERs1,170 projekata1,342 MCERs348 dana328 dana180 dana74% na unosne projekte (ind. gas)

70% svih projekata (pola koliine) nisu doli do registracije

DOEDvogod. kanjenjeRE i EE (70%) zastali su negdje u razvoju6%Potreba za reformom CDM-a

Chart5

0.1034157328

0.191192586

0.1841379443

0.5067907658

0.0144629712

Methods

The282proposed new (baseline & Monitoring) methodologies sent to the Executive Board(Resubmitted methodologies are only counted once, CCS methodologies not included)Table 3:

The Pipeline was produced by Jrgen Fenhann, UNEP Ris Centre 01-10-08, [email protected], Phone (+45)46775105InitialDaysNumberNumber

Table 1:SubmissionDecisionDays toDecisionDays todecisionRejectionApprovalPer roundCumulative

RoundMeth. No.TypeDescriptionAM/ACMGHG reduction/yrHost countryCredit buyerConsultantTitledate1. Mark1.Mark1. MarkEnd markEnd markEnd markRoundaverageaverageaverageSubmittedAC/ withdrawnPendingAC/ withdrawnPending

11Biomass energyBagasse powerAM1540 ktCO2Braziln.a.ECONERGY BrasilVale Do Rosrio bagasse cogeneration15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A28/Nov/032271545421914680680

12FugitiveFuel switch from coke to charcoal in steel works (=NM29=NM104=NM278)384 ktCO2BrazilIFC-Netherlands & JapanEcoSecuritiesV&M Do Brazil avoided fuel switch project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354261611412110790

13CO2 captureCO2 from NH3 production used in methanol prod.229 ktCO2Trinidad & TobagoGermanyHamburg Inst. of Int. EconomicsM5000 plant in Republic of TrinidAB and Tobago15/Apr/03C8/Jun/03543198668287541011100

14LandfillLandfill gas flaringAM2ca. 800 ktCO2Braziln.a.ICF Consulting UKSalvABor Da Bahia landfill gas project15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A29/Jul/0310542193473081486019160

15LandfillLandfill gas electricityAM3ca. 300 ktCO2BrazilWB NCDFEcosecuritiesNovaGerar landfill gas to energy project15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A17/Oct/031855245224415981027170

16HydroHydro Power144 ktCO2GuatamalaPCFHernan GarciaGuatamala El CanABa Hydroelectric project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/035461911853511156032230

17HFCsBurning HFC23 from HCFC22 productionAM11400 ktCO2South KoreaJapanClimate Experts Ltd.HFCs decomposition project in Ulsan15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A29/Jul/031057194181241927034300

18HydroHydro Power100 ktCO2Costa RicaCERUPTCosta Rica Institute of ElectricityPeas Blancas hydroelectric project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354820522735320911043410

19Biomass energyRice husk power plant (el + steam + cement)400 ktCO2Thailandn.a.Mitsubishi SecuritiesA.T. Biopower rice husk power project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/035491811662191798052490

110LandfillLandfill gas electricityAM10400 ktCO2South AfricaPCFPCFDurban, South Africa landfill gas to electricity15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A17/Oct/03185101512253641367058560

111Biomass energyBagasse Power100 ktCO2Indian.a.SCM Sugars Limited (India)26 MW bagasse/Biomass cogenerationpower project , Koppa15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354Average time:111802653841028060640

112WindWind farmACM253 ktCO2JamaicaCERUPTEcoSecuritiesWigton wind farm project15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354Con3/Sep/04507Initial5412174326226734063680

114Biomass energyRice husk power plant (Combined with NM9)400 ktCO2Thailandn.a.Mitsubishi SecuritiesA.T. Biopower rice husk power project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354Rejection54131623003681156068740

115Biomass energyRice husk power plant (Combined with NM9)400 ktCO2Thailandn.a.Mitsubishi SecuritiesA.T. Biopower rice husk power project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354Approval21914235320308231210180841

213Biogas0,65 MW biogas power from palm oil waste water27 ktCO2MalaysiaJapanEX Corporation, JapanFELDA Lepar Hilir palm oil mill, biogas project in Malaysia29/May/03C29/Jul/0361Initial61152232033761578087921

216Fuel switchFuel switch from coal to natural gasAM8/ACM918 ktCO2ChileJapan (J-Power)MGM InternationalGraneros plant fuel switching project29/May/03B29/Jul/0361A17/Oct/03141Rejection6116182119345922589946

317EE industryEfficiency improvement of steam use at refineryAM17100 ktCO2Chinan.a.ArmstrongSteam system efficiency improvement in refineris in Fushun, China16/Jul/03B26/Mar/04254A3/Dec/04506Approval1411717916336710361921007

318EE supply sideNew cogeneration industrial plant using natural gasAM14115 ktCO2ChileJapan (J-Power)MGM InternationalMetrogas package cogeneration project16/Jul/03B26/Mar/04254A3/Sep/044151817418423421101101021117

319Biomass energyRice husk power plant (only electricity, =NM9)AM4400 ktCO2Thailandn.a.Mitsubishi SecuritiesA.T. Biopower rice husk power project16/Jul/03A17/Oct/0393Initial1981918518518584311061148

320HydroHydro Power (=NM125)70 ktCO2ColombiaJapan (J-Power)MGM InternationalLa Vuelta and La Herradura hydroelectric project16/Jul/03B26/Mar/04254C14/May/05668Rejection668201561232231236310912011

321LandfillLandfill gas power for on site usageAM1170 ktCO2BrazilCERUPTONYXCERUPT methodology for landfill gas recovery16/Jul/03A28/Nov/03135Approval287212142223121014511012416

422BiogasBiogas power from swine manureAM690 ktCO2ChileCanadaPoch Ambiental, ChileCH4 capture and combustion from swine manure treatment at Peralillo10/Sep/03B26/Mar/04198A14/Jun/04278221811891631036111313017

423HydroHydro powerAM570 ktCO2MexicoPCFPCFEl Gallo hydroelectric project ( 0

Registration Requested (-withdrawn & rejected)No./month73111221101766581481420275087254172133118114776853353931312211131259431241111111217

Total number of requests for registration:1498Average delay for those with delay >0:5.2Months

Data for graph 1a:QuarterQ1-04Q2-04Q3-04Q4-04Q1-05Q2-05Q3-05Q4-05Q1-06Q2-06Q3-06Q4-06Q1-07Q2-07Q3-07Q4-07Q1-08Q2-08Q3-08Q4-08

Under or finished Validation1445617152524661382711261823212542973824333633384133930

Registration Requested (-withdrawn & rejected)1065414132322601272239313020415216616185192000

Not Yet Submitted/withdrawn/rejected380232226114833521171021312213483442995000

% requesting registrationPercentage67%82%87%92%92%91%92%82%74%71%64%60%56%42%20%5%1%0%0%0%

Table 1:

Review historyJan-04Feb-04Mar-04Apr-04May-04Jun-04Jul-04Aug-04Sep-04Oct-04Nov-04Dec-04Jan-05Feb-05Mar-05Apr-05May-05Jun-05Jul-05Aug-05Sep-05Oct-05Nov-05Dec-05Jan-06Feb-06Mar-06Apr-06May-06Jun-06Jul-06Aug-06Sep-06Oct-06Nov-06Dec-06Jan-07Feb-07Mar-07Apr-07May-07Jun-07Jul-07Aug-07Sep-07Oct-07Nov-07Dec-07Jan-08Feb-08Mar-08Apr-08May-08Jun-08Jul-08Aug-08Sep-08Oct-08Nov-08Dec-08TotalQ1-05Q2-05Q3-05Q4-05Q1-06Q2-06Q3-06Q4-06Q1-07Q2-07Q3-07Q4-07Q1-08Q2-08Q3-08Q4-082004/05200620072008

Withdrawn11111112112512201.6%01010011230362002288

Rejected211211122315223427232232121766.0%000133443013774000114574

Registered after corrections after review312212111151411154772594.7%30200132616107900056399

Registered after review4112511121111181.4%02002520321100002970

Registered after corrections after request for review5138122487592618121484661975115812.5%00013851221263416311001289732

Registered after request for review6123211323254923262111836.6%000015365187920000047360

Registered automatically711458469181658161928479627327427134163374718102820199112416401215121185167.3%613199263621338114756485167140013033930281

Total finished by EB, that have requested registration102000652948919175917193662121052528037264282499629266841442425362672232215110000001265100.0%91621957284184105227123109871171700141445546134

Share of projects with request for review and no review0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%5%0%0%0%0%11%13%17%30%42%29%5%18%38%0%15%18%18%14%35%28%42%33%33%18%18%21%22%19%6%2%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%1%6%15%22%16%17%26%36%19%15%1%0%0%1%17%23%9%

Share of projects that had a review0%0%50%0%0%0%33%0%50%11%0%25%0%0%0%2%6%0%11%11%8%10%6%10%1%8%8%2%9%4%31%17%27%27%7%18%22%32%11%7%9%11%1%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%38%13%10%1%7%11%5%6%17%25%15%16%6%0%0%0%6%7%18%4%

Share of projects that was rejected0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%2%6%0%6%2%8%10%4%4%0%8%4%0%6%4%23%14%8%10%5%6%7%7%8%7%1%6%1%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%1%4%4%2%4%13%10%6%7%2%0%0%0%1%3%10%1%

Percentage of all projects that were registered automatically100%0%50%100%100%100%67%100%0%89%100%75%100%95%94%98%94%100%78%76%75%60%52%62%93%71%50%98%77%74%48%62%38%39%47%39%33%39%63%57%46%33%19%20%6%4%0%0%0%0%0%0%75%81%90%97%88%74%72%76%64%44%40%54%33%14%0%0%93%76%53%24%

No final EB decision yet after review request81123253322151355346415100000001331078344000123127

No request for review9211101932428000000000000024038000080

Total requesting registration1020006529489191759171936621210525280382642825098292671434927283828873679601724324200014968162195728418410623012611994202101380140446569341

Days from request registration to registration761526914519589627266975168538886807478776968103112831008010789160153132144166157117112118961281306091101

Month of registartionJan-04Feb-04Mar-04Apr-04May-04Jun-04Jul-04Aug-04Sep-04Oct-04Nov-04Dec-04Jan-05Feb-05Mar-05Apr-05May-05Jun-05Jul-05Aug-05Sep-05Oct-05Nov-05Dec-05Jan-06Feb-06Mar-06Apr-06May-06Jun-06Jul-06Aug-06Sep-06Oct-06Nov-06Dec-06Jan-07Feb-07Mar-07Apr-07May-07Jun-07Jul-07Aug-07Sep-07Oct-07Nov-07Dec-07Jan-08Feb-08Mar-08Apr-08May-08Jun-08Jul-08Aug-08Sep-08Oct-08Nov-08Dec-08Q1-05Q2-05Q3-05Q4-05Q1-06Q2-06Q3-06Q4-06Q1-07Q2-07Q3-07Q4-07Q1-08Q2-08Q3-08Q4-082004/05200620072008Total

Number of registered projects each month112123247106241625452229263024565039472023666940353916332434291954363246362221446134086771101361091448887109114470634094282701170

Accumulated number of registered projects112245710121623333963791041491712002262562803363864254724925155816506907257647808138378719009199731009104110871123114511661170117011701170

Expected 2012 MCERs from new registered projects each month0000000000300039001071045979628114725802481247626233310627666253323361964179543410241011101000422181431481131281251061679110096442302045134631621342

Accumulated 2012 MCERs from registered projects33334242424444516166125204210237352359384464488568592668694717750760822898964989102210451080109911631180118812421276128613101320133113411342134213421342

Table 2:

CountryNo. projectsDec-03Jan-04Feb-04Mar-04Apr-04May-04Jun-04Jul-04Aug-04Sep-04Oct-04Nov-04Dec-04Jan-05Feb-05Mar-05Apr-05May-05Jun-05Jul-05Aug-05Sep-05Oct-05Nov-05Dec-05Jan-06Feb-06Mar-06Apr-06May-06Jun-06Jul-06Aug-06Sep-06Oct-06Nov-06Dec-06Jan-07Feb-07Mar-07Apr-07May-07Jun-07Jul-07Aug-07Sep-07Oct-07Nov-07Dec-07Jan-08Feb-08Mar-08Apr-08May-08Jun-08Jul-08Aug-08Sep-08Oct-08Nov-08Dec-08TotalQ1-04Q2-04Q3-04Q4-04Q1-05Q2-05Q3-05Q4-05Q1-06Q2-06Q3-06Q4-06Q1-07Q2-07Q3-07Q4-07Q1-08Q2-08Q3-08Q4-0820042005200620072008Total

Latin America00000000000300053435312123667166172120231626815161323262038381920108101712201417921181512141117161462031120007683121115152958653962964935464745423663041167246173141768

Argentina000000000000000000010000000001011210000100101100002023001011111030120000300010012301212512333016410930

Bolivia000000000000000000001000000010001001000000001000000000000000000000110000700100111001000000020131027

Brazil000000000001000220002101036071111014673182710581210655375675445396744896325168000310142119193028192521151813171721112901886806561310

Chile000000000001000000040000002000023410101030013011001123312212102310120000561040205523421665343051211181056

Colombia0000000000000000000000000000010002300100001000201202002131100032100310003300000105101232623340064131033

Costa Rica000000000000000000000001000000000010010000000020000010000000000000101000800010001100201000020113128

Cuba000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000100000000000000200000000001000010000001102

Dominican Republic000000000000000000000000000000000000100000100000100000000000000001000000400000000101010000100002114

Ecuador00000000000000000000002000000000041110100100001001013000110000000011000021000200062101141100202647221

El Salvador000000000000000000000000000000102001010000000000000000001000000200000000800000031100000100200041128

Guatemala00000000000100000000000100100000201000000301001000010000000120101001000018100110210311010131102452518

Guyana000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000100000000000100000000001001

Honduras00000000000000000430000000002000101100001000001000000020200210000031000025043002120101004210407526525

Jamaica000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000100000000000200000100000000001000010012

Mexico0000000000000003100000000000016334122537101063026982004284520242300221311000188040001127102762194147835504201183313188

Nicaragua000000000000000000000000001000001010000000000000000000000000010001010000600001011000000001110030036

Panama00000000000000000000000000001200001000100000020000000000010000003120000014000003011002000104200431614

Paraguay000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001100010000010000400000000000000111010000224

Peru000000000000000000000000002000010002000010101110112000021310101100011000260000201201224034212005511526

Uruguay000000000000000000000000000000000010100000000000001000000000000000200000500000001100010000020011125

Asia & Pacific000000000002100202013061322492182335597051261829332947409268435582627399991071101519013211710377879488119125115908813500030283447734661807310920018023431637329726935931301828756212209413028

Bangladesh000000000000000000000000001000000101000000000000000000000100000000000000400001002000000010000030104

Bhutan000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000101000000000000301000000000000020000100203

Cambodia000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000100010000000000100000400000100000001100010010214

China000000000000000000000020000102251221065814711215118152640343463676064111458048494350534870675438487000014450002038141932908113119123614015119115602252226984981445

Fiji000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000100000000000000010001

India000000000001100101011041111086417274065281412171615331532422223301722261932343232223322182826253344353627360001079222531448133436489756585867379112990111982713092901079

Indonesia0000000000000000000010000000001000302000111101111331533213412413247232000830010001322237918781370149412883

Lao PDR000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000100000000010000000000001001

Malaysia00000000000000010000100000000011010210313001100686144427616932104621033600013901100023442615121528161812025167046139

Mongolia000000000000000000000000000000000000100000002000000000010000000000000000400000000102000100000003104

Nepal000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000001000000000000000000000000300000020000100000000021003

Pakistan00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000001000010000010111201000000010000000000101010241000023510

Papua New Guinea000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100001000000000000000010001

Philippines000000000000000000000000100007001110010001004112100240002531740021200000007300001711111542472423000201137573

Singapore000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100001200000000400000000000000011200000134

South Korea00000000000100000000000000000200210200111221120201312030124111112150000051100002231444434734501713181251

Sri Lanka00000000000000000000000000030000000101000002022010001000000000012100000017000003011024110004000472417

Thailand0000000000000000000000001000010023050000000010001711350044030111135113000680000112800109947251900121292668

Vietnam0000000000000000000000000000020000021000001020010000000013111112040680003800000202103100153614004562338

Europe and Central Asia0000000000000000000000001000000031000220000112101011012012510420121100004000001031402322386320059151140

Armenia000000000000000000000000100000000100000000010200001000100000000000000000700001001001210100000023207

Azerbaijan000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101010000000000300000000000000021000000213

Cyprus000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000001000000030001000000700000000200001003100002147

Georgia000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000001000002010100000600000000000100102110001146

Kyrgyzstan000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000100000000100000000000001001

Macedonia000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001010000200000000000000000110000022

Malta000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000100000000000000100000000101

Moldova000000000000000000000000000000003000000000001000100000000000000000000000500000030001010000000031105

Tajikistan000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000100000000100000000000001001

Uzbekistan000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000150000000000000700000000000001060000000707

Africa0000000000000000000000110000110232040232112110510122114201313261311260007700020256544634651159021319182577

Congo DR000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101000000000200000000000000002000000022

Egypt00000000000000000000000000000000000000110101100000020000000001000100200011000000001220020011200052411

Equatorial Guinea000000000000000000000000000

Ivory Coast000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000010000000000200000001000000001000010012

Kenya000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000200001102000000000700000000000100213000001337

Madagascar000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000100000000000000000100000011

Mali000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100001000000000200000000000000011000000112

Mauritius000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000100000000000001000000000101

Morocco000000000000000000000010000001001001000000000001000000000000002100010000900010111000100002110131049

Mozambique000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000100000000000000010000000101

Nigeria000000000000000000000000000000000101000000000000000000000000000000100000300000002000000000010020013

Senegal000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000001000200000000000010000010000112

South Africa00000000000000000000000100001002200101011020004000101021002000002000100026000101411224113202101697326

Tanzania000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000010000000000010000300000000100000100010001113

Tunisia000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000200000000200000000000002002

Uganda000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000010000000000100000001000400000001000010001010010124

Zambia000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000100000000000000000010000011

Middle-East000000000000000000000000000001000000100101011120202400012305343244402000540000010012234438101060018192654

Iran000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000100000000000000000010000011

Israel000000000000000000000000000001000000100101001120202400012205301100200000330000010012134437412001718733

Jordan000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100001100100000400000000000000011110000134

Qatar000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000100000000001000000000001001

Syria000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011000000200000000000000000200000022

United Arab Emirates000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000041033101000130000000000000000562000001313

Total5100736366191478811262925466185868135375049537562133109658393738412111812812617410215614112696107115116138147128116122155000396761615242366132252122177304241278372432363338413393061473844144511443967

Mexico0%0%0%0%43%33%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%3%24%7%5%5%1%2%6%14%6%14%19%13%10%23%24%14%10%2%0%0%3%2%6%3%3%2%0%1%3%2%3%0%0%1%1%1%3%1%1%0%0%0%5%0%25%0%0%0%2%9%3%8%15%20%8%1%4%2%2%1%1%1%0%

Brazil20%0%0%0%29%67%0%0%0%33%100%0%71%43%75%0%64%42%3%40%30%10%8%3%22%6%19%20%10%15%16%16%5%5%8%4%8%7%7%6%4%3%3%3%3%6%4%6%4%4%7%8%4%2%2%4%13%5%0%0%0%8%17%25%13%46%39%29%23%11%16%14%7%6%6%3%4%5%6%3%7%0%

China0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%22%0%0%0%0%9%0%7%8%11%2%2%2%12%17%14%16%29%13%15%34%38%17%23%31%43%47%40%52%57%47%51%64%44%51%34%39%45%47%46%41%51%46%42%33%39%45%0%0%0%36%0%0%0%8%0%5%6%6%16%18%30%34%47%51%55%39%45%46%40%0%

India20%100%0%0%14%0%17%0%17%17%0%44%7%14%13%13%0%31%21%16%37%44%47%76%35%40%32%34%33%28%44%24%24%39%34%28%32%23%26%21%16%25%27%18%31%14%23%17%19%26%23%22%24%30%27%31%22%23%0%0%0%27%33%13%13%21%13%21%36%53%35%36%29%31%23%23%20%20%23%27%25%0%

Brazil + Mexico + India + China fraction:%40%100%0%0%86%100%17%0%17%50%100%67%79%57%88%13%73%73%34%88%85%61%62%83%72%69%78%76%86%75%88%84%89%83%78%72%85%77%74%83%79%81%84%88%80%71%63%65%70%79%76%71%80%79%72%71%75%74%0%0%0%76%50%63%27%75%52%56%74%72%75%84%86%79%78%81%80%66%75%77%74%0%

Table 3:

Country2012 kCERsDec-03Jan-04Feb-04Mar-04Apr-04May-04Jun-04Jul-04Aug-04Sep-04Oct-04Nov-04Dec-04Jan-05Feb-05Mar-05Apr-05May-05Jun-05Jul-05Aug-05Sep-05Oct-05Nov-05Dec-05Jan-06Feb-06Mar-06Apr-06May-06Jun-06Jul-06Aug-06Sep-06Oct-06Nov-06Dec-06Jan-07Feb-07Mar-07Apr-07May-07Jun-07Jul-07Aug-07Sep-07Oct-07Nov-07Dec-07Jan-08Feb-08Mar-08Apr-08May-08Jun-08Jul-08Aug-08Sep-08Oct-08Nov-08Dec-08TotalQ1-04Q2-04Q3-04Q4-04Q1-05Q2-05Q3-05Q4-05Q1-06Q2-06Q3-06Q4-06Q1-07Q2-07Q3-07Q4-07Q1-08Q2-08Q3-08Q4-0820042005200620072008

Latin America0000000000069310003692685317884393672540701138810787971955044337194493542663619811309714280130395939148306010555961221160099403729679649417218925298738795419621824080731747798638924522337437645612120373381091699840932015942694210177977261770004226436931107231275012876195591396189358338071769125269189552792010458207341891422308182171608526126043281156686898347241560428

Argentina000000000000000000053000000000003020198060557935300008361001960155324700008620435134400730482661080786660600023733530000350330053000030225845845083613513247862178073314182460035900530087311195930296014

Bolivia000000000000000000006960000000209000134600320000000012000000000000000000000002332300003740006960020913463200120000000002560696158712000256

Brazil00000000000666700030236454000184470108802971955040194482141944258357791626212013471142938212035415133925412136162926147331023120522899711302111118816522273363712151919347152109661280140930091696351637746802673499300018869566679477184495021522310351499881489570006016497645163383480667719647569755881234602749190457225092460623631

Chile0000000000015100000004067000000122400001758605829308400327501804365002953009943860015338214123846910333283242233461881022738833080845000040436151040670122407816377032924365559448515356401525936110842192504218128101270182542454

Colombia000000000000000000000000000001510003141000001200000017260005524017416330154000132450120012207750002782288168002928100022261000001510131412000172655242373154038269962782456373001465845087363611

Costa Rica00000000000000000000000144900000000006300239000000003200000017700000000000003640185000279600014490006323900320017700005490144963559177549

Cuba00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000196800000000000027500000000000000224300000000001968000027500000019682750

Dominican Republic000000000000000000000000000000000000299000001210000012860000000000000000553000000225900000000299012101286000055300004201286553

Ecuador0000000000000000000000138800000000003043284854030277003850000130014905322490006235400000000809957000066970001388000111767938501314978262354001766013881117107813481766

El Salvador000000000000000000000000000000123101574008830224000000000000000000350000001690000000041160000002805883224000003500169000368722435169

Guatemala0000000000011400000000000537008130000039501089000000606059500101200001430000000428247022406890016400007055114005378130395108906065951012014304284716891640651229622135711324

Guyana0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002080000000000000000000000000020800000000000208000000000020800

Honduras00000000000000000178843000000000289000159071190000014100000179000000021005280035022700000175930000363501788430028915926101410179007383502270269010217103201088495

Jamaica00000000000000000000000000004560000000000000000000000000000000106100000000000151700000456000000000010610000456001061

Mexico0000000000000006684000000000000001729181681517137715784414566602692301190117246022969170322791623713212000155928381855117531641470729511912621829005607115406721126122200074177010680001729210622475365342266951445615595867331171091829667722040106825266192871784710710

Nicaragua000000000000000000000000001965000001140039200000000000000000000000000180000547018000042420000196501140392000000001805471800349700745

Panama00000000000000000000000000001862870000218000111000000306000000000000731000000225602503000007383000004730218111003060000731028525030069231717312789

Paraguay0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050920003300000740000250000000000000005092330740000143107

Peru000000000000000000000000003350000206300013550000116901540353918080198992120000372485341735015050150010000019696000142540000335020631355011695068985090252210753006100715003753257441063821

Uruguay00000000000000000000000000000000009809920000000000000184000000000000000372000001647000000098992000184000003720098992184372

Asia & Pacific0000000000038599345001028010302337720166419682419318401533272210159557949732252761169313085614154312553850369296411921575528800494009197754221548021006771122096213358958567085425773529641948677439989627434856742232635913611934012418585069464144350893006830089586780002216329389451131100518603595105850408022893319035285747195598267688177799191980189506154390111989149926118835042941439578639385713675380750

Bangladesh00000000000000000000000000566000000550053000000000000000000000294000000000000001464000056600604000000029400000117002940

Bhutan00000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000050201557600000000000016082040000000000000160780000400160780

Cambodia000000000000000000000000000002930000000000000000000002170003200000000006800000608000002930000000217320006800293024868

China000000000000000000000010160000659021184229331165990344186912613443793603540113099568337240305057762034354442889220484846549333912645209379015786441302745412493147514311503580035229237982613432034373203847526601142802291642973000149124800010160277781992183476199345067142479221337139268137068146987102179819651023978016901016229323470877525501264531

Fiji0000000000000000000000000000164000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016400000164000000000000000164000

India0000000000024599345005520990233317064919620595274025573347111635951188502402423437117215833482739575170459986681811911257177337177650924084457668395583331251019756111066800565274343564749110178424852428358203755091133495408123360004284732494565155084557436029259655918214617184374710937769169981816923558184901966933824310930269901217501179337721484586

Indonesia0000000000000000000031000000000250005550050200025739655911050151112140245156875919223222243663021839833322190105115942022792256139458525663117200039918003100025555050242226961665237275804831456345882235105803155747085193457881

Lao PDR000000000000000000000000000000000000000019000000000000000000000000000000019000000000190000000000001900

Malaysia000000000000000475000042400000000037847002640571524038205334690032960700882218010118317798339739357337431942092383143066315927575831802232913494304477480006648404754240008473215344352293688215475143138865447534995480162608991168106844312810605

Mongolia0000000000000000000000000000000000008300000003020000000000724000000000000000011090000000083030200072400000003857240

Nepal0000000000000000000000000000000069700000000000000162000000000000000000000000859000000697000016200000000069716200

Pakistan00000000000000000000000000000000000000049350000008760000692600000384017041113209043100000001408500000000049350876069260553364431000058117479795

Papua New Guinea00000000000000000000000001836000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018360000183600000000000000001836000

Philippines0000000000000000000000003280000168004368680020900052700270309888678274002161739000296511134645916930032411624800000001317400003281684368682095275791841216173930762498324364000180031567529689

Singapore000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000660000159130800000000153400000000000000066159130800000661468

South Korea0000000000014000000000000000000005808600149958017700750839528926133222218183903870341132311439201600016066349206257192481360700000100587140000000580861499235750890172374222616641235160826472676607014000598212112538861756

Sri Lanka000000000000000000000000000875000000049072000001740458298018100019800000000002061241210000002756000008750497201747561811980004510009241002379451

Thailand0000000000000000000000002910000496003135822026720000000049500021996644211330791344009657980143201262598828747810791231703000220750000291496313534940049501626453696522301511753290500741549593574808

Vietnam00000000000000000000000000000696400000680230000052040200172000000003091729126281340226232147085905647460001385400000696406802304541720030921377981006131000764464924463114

Europe and Central Asia000000000000000000000000681000000027837700035581800006533963228601493016239011422901171179940723442028970016049219282000019464000068102783771173040391815093531401931335925251740013362495125763057

Armenia00000000000000000000000068100000000377000000000650632000016000129000000000000000001900000068100377006563216012900000010586971450

Azerbaijan0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001700344205800000000003671000000000000000361258000000361258

Cyprus000000000000000000000000000000000000035500000000000000011400000002310007020000001402000000003550000114002317020000355114933

Georgia000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000028600000000011710000070016040920000032220000000000028600117107016049200028611711766

Kyrgyzstan0000000000000000000000000000000000000051300000000000000000000000000000000051300000000513000000000000051300

Macedonia000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002180820000300000000000000000002188200000300

Malta0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000010000000000000000100000000001000

Moldova00000000000000000000000000000000278000000000003390001493000000000000000000000002110000000278000339014930000000027833914930

Tajikistan0000000000000000000000000000000000000030500000000000000000000000000000000030500000000305000000000000030500

Uzbekistan000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000239000001628407200000000000005940000000000000023905700000000059400

Africa000000000000000000000093648000014022080818841147950169660354564747039272213051843108206108009189030285314311349176419992924024032513424777121080281195716529754321620009656900098401610165931761100201106640128199288245434923700426919408001098435030332971304814210

Congo DR0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002106054300000000026480000000000000000264800000002648

Egypt00000000000000000000000000000000000000234967060130501082061000000143100000000035800071600101900016053000000002349801121690014310035871610190001252914312093

Equatorial Guinea00000000000000000000000000

Ivory Coast00000000000000000000000000000000000566100000000000000000000000003550000000000601600000005661000000003550000566100355

Kenya00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005510000000173900001341230241000000000278900000000000551001739134364000005511874364

Madagascar0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000210000000021000000000000000000210000000210

Mali0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002400000410000000002810000000000000002404100000024041

Mauritius00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000176400000000000000000017640000000000000176400000000017640

Morocco00000000000000000000009360000002080022700592000000000001890000000000000025628000428000028650009360208227592000189000025628428093610271890712

Mozambique0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000228000000000000022800000000000000022800000002280

Nigeria0000000000000000000000000000000001450501052100000000000000000000000000000052970000030322000000025026000000000052970025026005297

Senegal00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000784000000000000000003190001103000000000000784000003190000784319

South Africa000000000000000000000004800001402008186140019202433033327220184300074590002068013490259122800970000098500060000239090004801402143219224333055184374592068134914879709856004830261479050011044

Tanzania00000000000000000000000000000000000001112000000000000000001696000000000001150000292400000000111200000169600011500011121696115

Tunisia00000000000000000000000000000000000000412500000000000000000000000000000000041250000000041250000000000000412500

Uganda00000000000000000000000000000000029000000000000000030000000000024800000001770007440000000290000030000248017700290030425

Zambia0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000058800058800000000000000000058800000588

Middle-East0000000000000000000000000000071900000041800500560137482081579310545070313100022735153611040918551318588612117372021120195800038131000007190041810513956108861531313742402037612505407000719155681150810335

Iran00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000162100016210000000000000000001621000001621

Israel0000000000000000000000000000071900000041800500560020815793105450703131000227351517240409185501931230011870000015519000007190041810520810886153131374221332048123118700719182096213358

Jordan00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018870000316488008690000035600000000000000001887316488869000018871673

Qatar000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013748000000000000000000000000000013748000000000013748000000000001374800

Syria000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000035524100000059600000000000000000596000000596

United Arab Emirates000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013187908184795603370003087000000000000000013971297394000003087

Total4553134500472068532818439600331270139881103111224743551773477134781051856777523647406751451423679517333918982179628271059882284173389058039110839640466484311977612119368367611706372766375796567471198246453737486660672587507130948560380315200454535740574438947745404856897600027931364587611854137561572023836122140132097355276119654122188232924305813193264220742218486190730138595172981157206087206633349780579823222468781

Rest of host countriesCumul.2012 MCERs45000000111111114161719242527373845618898121128133141161170177181197205214233239245249254273283294299307323338345371382385396401409414428436443443443443443

MalaysiaCumul.2012 MCERs00000000011111111111222224477111111111212121315252829334343475154555656595961646565666666666666

MexicoCumul.2012 MCERs000011111111111111321222425262627303032343437394143444646464750525356565657626365656566677273747474747474

South KoreaCumul.2012 MCERs1414141414141414141414141414141414147272727474747474748181819090939395959595959798989898989898999999999999100100101101101101101101101

BrazilCumul.2012 MCERs777710161616161819192737434345535396101103105107118118120125126129131133135136137138140141143144146146149152153155159164165166168171172176176181184189189189189189

IndiaCumul.2012 MCERs25252525252526262626262727272728283064657190114137149155159163169173182200211229236243267271278284287292302313320325333336344354358364372392397411416428428428428428

ChinaCumul.2012 MCERs0000000000011111224811121021042302352382923233303373684464805246167017567958408789369781052107711251156119112271251127713091346138414111425144814911491149114911491

Table 4:

TypeNo. projectsDec-03Jan-04Feb-04Mar-04Apr-04May-04Jun-04Jul-04Aug-04Sep-04Oct-04Nov-04Dec-04Jan-05Feb-05Mar-05Apr-05May-05Jun-05Jul-05Aug-05Sep-05Oct-05Nov-05Dec-05Jan-06Feb-06Mar-06Apr-06May-06Jun-06Jul-06Aug-06Sep-06Oct-06Nov-06Dec-06Jan-07Feb-07Mar-07Apr-07May-07Jun-07Jul-07Aug-07Sep-07Oct-07Nov-07Dec-07Jan-08Feb-08Mar-08Apr-08May-08Jun-08Jul-08Aug-08Sep-08Oct-08Nov-08Dec-08TotalQ1-04Q2-04Q3-04Q4-04Q1-05Q2-05Q3-05Q4-05Q1-06Q2-06Q3-06Q4-06Q1-07Q2-07Q3-07Q4-07Q1-08Q2-08Q3-08Q4-0820042005200620072008

Afforestation00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001101000010100000050000000000000021020000032

Agriculture0000000000000000000300020000169941936143792081299802011842041410250011162000216003207222883638173136671190557992827

Biogas000000000000000000000000000004005555001133136005279444545892111786736942600024300000451517377201317412116390024529176

Biomass energy0000000000000002010120163615113510171718207616814109232018112010151714191912151415881215161814101919290006090337101932552932524942524131434267013116162166152

Cement0000000000000000000000000000000004101110000011401001000101116100001100000380000000152025102811100159113

CO2 capture00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000010000000000000000010000001

Coal bed/mine methane00000000000000000000000000000000000001010036105303345231003110230220300058000000001110861144355000202513

Energy distribution00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000020010000000000000040000000000001021000000040

EE households000000000000000000000001000000002000000010000000000001020000100100011000110001002001000120112012134

EE industry00000000000000000000100000000105231143205135441471362933756638541041052100016900100171859131210141515172480126395449

EE own generation000000000000000000000000000000037174140243512313111271610232059213756771114221417176000366000000101259201535537418255040002249180115

EE service00000000000000000000000000000000110000000000000000001000100000111100000080000001100000110130002024

EE supply side00000000000000000000000000000101122011100002300001202221100120213010600042000001243050344144700781215

Fossil fuel switch0000000000000000000100000000012413551111113294245121214476310253673323000132001001713331410841519101680121304634

Fugitive000000000001000000000000000001100101000001011000011011000001012012000100029100001120102022013310141257

Geothermal000000000000000000000000011000001100010002000100000000200100001000010000130000201112010021101004432

HFCs000000000002000000000000000001100203002200110020100000001000000001110000222000011522221010012027823

Hydro0000000000010004153010520034104341078159791011105221715181918294453224552286746412831382745553120433200010371104731817302531445291120147115961319502268152473322

Landfill gas0000000000010001200121134131122353255372753473511379117941111281089107155488900029913358410101514141919272646262425012326211875

N2O0000000000000000000000000000011000000012100013323065841101712221033000006500000110131891729643002133713

PFCs00000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000010000000101031000080000000000100010114000116

Reforestation0000000000000000000000000000000000001100000100101101010101001120130400002200000000201122114440004612

Solar000000000000000000000000000000102002000000020000000000001222110121300000230000003200200016243005279

Tidal00000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000010000001000000000000001000

Transport00000000000000000000000000000001000000000010000000100000210000001000000070000001000101021010001141

Wind0000000000001000000000200001340621615105598181615146161387911171022231915131021192612262620133600053910020884119174535243864386664690357116164199

Total510073636619147881126292546618586813537504953756213310965839373841211181281261741021561411269610711511613814712811612215500039676161524236613225212217730424127837243236333841339306147384414451144

Renewables110061631308837510241592038464652211935272933319851405054436074826279927110988855972817683100747180123000146633%81%47%67%65%74%51%57%61%50%59%60%64%60%63%64%68%62%70%0%

CH4 reduction & Cement & Coal mine/bed20001200421154131291212927151379101016351513381618156111417211510121630191612141420718121415000142433%19%40%29%35%18%25%22%21%34%22%20%11%14%9%18%12%11%10%0

Energy Efficiency000000000100100000201013720857176611181027181411251235266612221511101812182731252320140006230%0%7%4%0%3%17%14%11%11%13%11%18%20%23%10%14%20%15%0

Fuel switch00000000100000000012413551111113294245121214476310253673323000420%0%7%0%0%2%5%5%2%2%5%4%3%1%3%5%3%4%2%0

HFC, PFC & N2O reduction200000000000000000220020300341021135240658421117122311472000032033%0%0%0%0%3%2%2%2%3%1%4%4%5%1%2%2%1%2%0

Afforestation & Reforestation0000000000000000000000000110000010010110101021110112114040000270%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%2%0%0%0%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%0

Total accumulated56661316222531373847616876849512115017522128236745353456960665670575883389510281137120212851378145115351656177419022028220223042460260127272823293030453161329934463574369038123967396739673967

232with issuance.

Table 5

Type2012 kCERs0000000000Dec-99Dec-03Jan-04Feb-04Mar-04Apr-04May-04Jun-04Jul-04Aug-04Sep-04Oct-04Nov-04Dec-04Jan-05Feb-05Mar-05Apr-05May-05Jun-05Jul-05Aug-05Sep-05Oct-05Nov-05Dec-05Jan-06Feb-06Mar-06Apr-06May-06Jun-06Jul-06Aug-06Sep-06Oct-06Nov-06Dec-06Jan-07Feb-07Mar-07Apr-07May-07Jun-07Jul-07Aug-07Sep-07Oct-07Nov-07Dec-07Jan-08Feb-08Mar-08Apr-08May-08Jun-08Jul-08Aug-08Sep-08Oct-08Nov-08Dec-08Total

Afforestation0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000169693019000052040000001864

Agriculture000000000000000000039530002620000465121806555241486418818621948209916301101716771666577232501605713011703827817144206376010642415351220298104000958233115416100050614

Biogas000000000000000000000000000005620049728709111376002801021075532154244900444417681553163713017400985180563255069914321349417727651085754204836411151516626466900057955

Biomass energy0000000000000001028099023314390295461143018332748236779925159024714974590264776559284794172092780700223732196821545543659348182342627599728246475570567014671344235233122167320432677511466143644563520564518454610569000194405

Cement000000000000000000000000000000000981165026942329570000094810437250653003177000387056182969151601061000055352970000041342

CO2 capture000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000290000000029



EE households00000000000000000000000480000000020600000002570000000000001404120000238002100001205880002092

EE industry0000000000000000000043700000000228052952614110061221935260098819882342923866647317031801285993183193010914191455422918483634915529042752868380960193861600032441


EE service00000000000000000000000000000000722100000000000000000039000109000004738760000000393

EE supply side000000000000000000000000000006004055397378083531800001403230000013783004331436155227435100134452301724103647601900600000028817


Fugitive0000000000015100000000000000000691018000014505010521000004117781374800001459590192235200000248021061047018151690000162100063733

Geothermal0000000000000000000000000183619650000011623060002240004408000888000000009940013000017690000209000013775

HFCs000000000003859900000000000000000325851401000903440123922005125220073001586027607006805901622100000001915000000005406109880000506050

Hydro00000000000114000755400182843031701741733001148129644906922775125957841097357947673428397016643317610319779121038199886314570668935649166531648422801795520125289591442627452237061683827821133891148886621863429853102837087144299121000444439

Landfill gas00000000000666700029376454005300112070160453781079437661790699322585346453644870634380115949594933611044317976667108762854443430614109397354355127938546404355675512629342983670121171626132837461423654237549919371158336930305204000257239

N2O00000000000000000000000000000571903576700000007508116412722000192424076695252468639101007878845867346259574401628828447025581514128811602168442400000257722

PFCs000000000000000000000000000000000000000000196000000000004010000000161601830228610300004785

Reforestation0000000000000000000000000000000000004701740000044600280149330015150680150000160335830314814503474000011782

Solar00000000000000000000000000000025023100570000000798000000000000034422326491720285163148000002816

Tidal0000000000000000000000000000000011040000000000000000000000000000000000000001104

Transport000000000000000000000000000000059000000000017260000000230000001440500000047900000003938

Wind00000000000034500000000013480000659171331350552783194804575267628461743397847499150469891936047193020552540556658173828133846554123638606992071656574478244416543970279684884744376255168325211480000213822

Total455313450047206853281843960033127013988110311122474355177347713478105185677752364740675145142367951733391898217962827105988228417338905803911083964046648431197761211936836761170637276637579656747119824645373748666067258750713094856038031520045453574057443894774540485689760002793136

Renewables114345001782400281843233175503384534443036693387277812982531343899257190581765615542154349121687913129109481427314335131523120319260138811915620950164872602523423405212018530994438622833738839351902486538747253822756125766292394381121082184372306235840000928317

CH4 reduction & Cement & Coal mine/bed68180002937645400925311207016045639107943766179069949796161333010887635634848916529112639173711074415293834416660100884021410074843921289920153891699012698114441510719825268910198863812786830597089811371011730100613626535110379418417557000538678

Energy Efficiency000000000437004800000288019401166169810284445328473512181860191019591772911214454342816109639955314768143904119257801724346877312554705994122796990980445556515110841903946991154072818553000336737

Fuel switch000000001140000000001942791562360015961804419153255967116993610131552824418019268128934128343357313989212716311938221257199125074499815394846658450539834249553556922947025000207202

HFC, PFC & N2O reduction3859900000000000000000897754977700903440123922005876031714272201605627607192424076750125246822611010078788458673462996744191516288284470255815142904116183757468191900000768556

Afforestation & Reforestation0000000000000000000000000470174000004460028014933001515068017119301901603358352314814903474000013646

Accumulated Subtotals2012 MCERs

Renewables0.10.50.50.52.22.62.93.84.05.85.89.114.514.918.622.024.737.743.047.456.775.793.4108.9124.4133.5140.4153.5164.5178.7193.1206.2237.4256.7270.6289.7310.7327.1353.2376.6417.1437.3468.3512.2540.5579.3614.5639.4678.1703.5731.1756.8786.1829.9851.0869.4892.5928.3928.3928.3928.3

CH4 reduction & Cement & Coal mine/bed6.86.86.86.89.816.216.216.225.526.627.327.933.544.348.149.950.651.160.774.084.991.3126.1135.3164.4170.8178.1188.9204.2212.5229.2239.3279.5289.6298.0319.3328.5333.9350.9363.6375.0390.1409.9412.6422.8431.5444.3452.6462.3472.1475.8487.5497.6501.2506.6516.9521.1538.7538.7538.7538.7

Energy Efficiency0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.40.40.40.50.50.50.50.50.50.80.82.714.415.125.429.832.736.236.238.040.041.959.670.975.475.877.487.196.6111.4125.8129.9155.7172.9219.8222.9228.4234.4246.7253.7263.5268.0274.5285.6304.7309.4320.9328.2336.7336.7336.7336.7

Fuel switch0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.30.62.15.77.39.19.69.79.79.89.911.012.013.013.141.459.462.191.0103.9107.2110.4111.2124.0127.1130.9132.2152.1157.1162.1177.5178.4179.0183.5187.5191.8197.3197.9200.2207.2207.2207.2207.2

HFC & N2O reduction38.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.638.6128.4178.2178.2178.2268.5268.5392.4392.4392.4451.2482.9485.6485.6501.7529.3531.2555.3630.3682.8705.4705.4715.4723.3729.2732.7733.7734.4736.3737.9746.2746.7749.3750.8753.7753.8754.0761.5768.4768.6768.6768.6768.6768.6

Afforestation & Reforestation0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.50.60.60.60.60.60.61.11.11.11.11.12.62.62.64.24.24.24.25.96.06.06.06.06.26.26.86.910.010.210.213.613.613.613.613.6

Accumulated Total45.545.945.945.950.657.457.758.668.271.572.276.287.298.4105.9111.0114.5128.0233.2301.0324.6365.3510.4547.2720.6739.5757.5840.2900.1928.5962.41020.41131.31195.31260.21379.91501.11569.51630.71694.41760.81840.41915.12013.42058.82133.62194.32253.02324.42372.92410.92462.92517.52591.52635.92683.72724.22793.12793.12793.12793.1

Table 6:

TypekCERs/yrDec-03Jan-04Feb-04Mar-04Apr-04May-04Jun-04Jul-04Aug-04Sep-04Oct-04Nov-04Dec-04Jan-05Feb-05Mar-05Apr-05May-05Jun-05Jul-05Aug-05Sep-05Oct-05Nov-05Dec-05Jan-06Feb-06Mar-06Apr-06May-06Jun-06Jul-06Aug-06Sep-06Oct-06Nov-06Dec-06Jan-07Feb-07Mar-07Apr-07May-07Jun-07Jul-07Aug-07Sep-07Oct-07Nov-07Dec-07Jan-08Feb-08Mar-08Apr-08May-08Jun-08Jul-08Aug-08Sep-08Oct-08Nov-08Dec-08

Afforestation31894121

Agriculture41029561911017662105672832834613448164268286102442111012325756314940642175412929672412515528942

Biogas72548130901954520381110274468143483173172381569222368131119150303281885640250183292862713571561183

Biomass energy162122617531676422063983703172174289650746806696439187118049911953903851438795659621153853711875501362118513051008778740638350439600130714818691394540118312562856

Cement10678006933153150134631055537712718417311452321381324

CO2 capture7



EE households73645487514830150

EE industry492472551411516329281753153943651373365212551923938621687295881881014723362146363990234459161


EE service123825109215

EE supply side5469104112923068826178793083426481452841424232727501607


Fugitive1567722025321497665132500161243915852443250403371463

Geothermal2792811777544735175230340850

HFCs4793383421551590019388844035002802481012233347344213512521

Hydro1910766221104024513213615252591437118888146394898580788291624121337418022052028104313901429116735383470466416674133663131655995701242225972349229111989470469502640220738723367

Landfill gas7023419835301417076717128081725611643404707997258721182716104653618113101255182358988463572977811331024178286986312992589722005151325365455981001516112513394612898337501445

N2O9151596112682116473350440812451084013262111161112517501221723621749110583336294295011076

PFCs41803804554530

Reforestation4926156518262211134276144262114221

Solar439712946947532347208137

Tidal315

Transport7247412908120

Wind3720794193515796117100855433354839466572515873189419317895271037844138235659881211334981988209915121402103698214922176185211811926198114618412986

Total552937006101048351109794047055915611322130171144614811492910549324652722328746252681732193551137571042753615769101282156611846116662221124636140531251913454138511698415517219219644168471519713178153981319989961212313242185401116412444990418817000

13.7Million CERs added each month in the next

51months until Post Kyoto=1516Million 2012CERs expected from future projects

19months until Post Kyoto=218Million 2012CERs available from future projects

minus the timelag and projects failing

Table 7:

CERs issuedkCERs1/Oct/051/Nov/051/Jan/061/Mar/061/May/0620/Jun/069/Aug/0614/Sep/0620/Oct/0629/Nov/0620/Dec/0611/Jan/071/Feb/0714/Mar/071/Apr/071/May/0731/May/0711/Jun/0717/Jul/0727/Aug/071/Oct/071/Nov/074/Dec/078/Jan/081/Feb/081/Mar/081/Apr/081/May/0811/Jun/081/Aug/081/Sep/081/Oct/08

Afforestation

Agriculture293995995995995995995108411141140133119291929193419341934197420192052255027943031310031353135335734303430

Biogas8585858585858585858585852282282402402742742742742982982983173173173171031

Biomass energy484848482876181406253427482771448246015493551155115941598065926850705373287399762876898424873688739476102211034610490

Cement226226266469469469469594594703703703781781781781781820923923923

CO2 capture


Energy distribution

EE households

EE industry61616262626262100168214221221221311369369387387387387410434568587587595595616


EE service22222222222222222

EE supply side163030303030303030303030159159159159159


Fugitive2782782782782782782782782782782782782785535535535535039503950395039515351535153

Geothermal27272727102102102102102102102102125125125125125125125125318318318

HFCs3513409276928480109381171414128154021644316443196242149823887259062891931089397754157041570475445090458896648966779772560775419361298322103874

Hydro1010101020346262372210541234154715471641195119522237223723042547270131753243345734923775398443785441657166296702

Landfill gas464646467373737318960560560568918392039211121112248229623012315285228893156323236103787436649874987

N2O125420052005200548536122612291909190919012246160511750419091216582165825033271242749232579335943758439855

PFCs

Reforestation

Solar

Tidal

Transport5959595959595959595959129

Wind861275577678979681318137014161444144414861878218622572715279127912919321335624415495450976830

TotalkCERs0581043617463593701084214445167672147624029281412850436077402944475150949541696316176045828678585094422102544110961126627132774139420152375173569183314194681

RenewablesSubtotals05858581425751165220034674472488370377228863890209066995299911072511617123161315913756142761439615542163561725519775223812270725372

CH4 reduction & Cement & Coal mine/bed0046463391041106810681346134614622192222222902767451547144792491750545251557756236735701712083122281264212978144371513215132

Energy Efficiency00006161129240240277277463606652659933946103666016648675770287242780578287852804982528275828383079186

Fuel switch00000000000002122922924024064070592310121166116611661220122012201226126112611261

HFC & N2O reduction00035134092769284801093811714153821740718448184482447627620300083509738109402795202157621590746663572562805548993094921100051110120127206135907143730

Afforestation & Reforestation00000000000000000000000000000000

Afforestation & ReforestationMCERs0.00.10.13.64.69.410.814.416.821.524.028.128.536.140.344.850.954.263.276.082.985.894.4102.5111.0126.6132.8139.4152.4173.6183.3194.7

Fuel switchStacked0.00.10.13.64.69.410.814.416.821.524.028.128.536.140.344.850.954.263.276.082.985.894.4102.5111.0126.6132.8139.4152.4173.6183.3194.7

Energy Efficiencyfor curve0.00.10.13.64.69.410.814.416.821.524.028.128.536.140.144.550.753.962.575.381.984.893.3101.4109.8125.4131.6138.2151.1172.3182.1193.4

CH4 reduction & Cement & Coal mine/bed0.00.10.13.64.69.310.714.216.521.223.827.727.935.439.443.649.852.955.968.775.277.886.093.6102.0117.6123.5129.9142.9164.0173.7184.2

Renewables0.00.10.13.64.28.39.613.115.219.922.325.525.733.136.639.145.048.151.063.669.972.280.486.895.0105.5111.3117.3129.9149.6158.6169.1

HFC & N2O reduction0.00.00.03.54.17.78.510.911.715.417.418.418.424.527.630.035.138.140.352.057.659.166.672.680.689.994.9100.1110.1127.2135.9143.7

Issuance success70.5%71.6%74.0%77.5%76.7%76.3%83.4%80.6%80.0%85.4%85.7%88.4%89.3%90.0%91.9%92.9%93.4%95.0%96.3%96.3%96.8%95.1%95.6%96.2%

The slope of the estimated CERS was first introduced in 31 May 2007 and added about 5%

Graph 1:Graph 4:

Graph 1:All the CDM projects in the pipeline are sorted after the month their 30 day public comment period under validation started.This graph shows almost the same as graph 1.

The graph shows the total number of CDM projects each month, and how many of these that have been submitted for registration.For each quarter is shows the bars for the number of project starting

The line on the graph shows the cumulative value in these monthly timelags.their comment period and the fraction submitted for registration.

The line shows this fraction as a percentage.

Note: This graph was developed together with Kenichiro Yamaguchi

Graph 2:

Graph 2:The line on graph 1 showing the cumulative average number of days between the Start of the 30 day period for public comment under

the validation and the request for registration is again shown on this graph. However, here the average monthly number of days used

for the calculation of the cumulative graph are shown.Graph 5:

Graph 3:

The time span (in months) between the start of the comment period under the validation and the date of the Letter Of Approval (LoA)

from the host country has been calculated for all projects requesting registration and registered projects.

When the LoA comes before the validation the value on the graph is negative.

Percentage of projects with delay < 0:19%

Average delay for those with delay > 0:5.2Months

*

311

3798701

3801800

3804700

412

130

501

210

600

222

100

810

762

421

711

530

920

2132

12134

2131

34123

35227

472516

443613

393219

10169

22513

152511

112910

33915

44427

172917

59739

45261

33631

64834

35637

15224

15139

391426168

15564

392036072

392344585

3926444130

392952281

3932619137

3935613128

393874122

39417294

394481106

394791114

395080116

395390138

395690147

396000128

396300116

396610122

396920155

&A

Page &P

Number of projects with CERs issued

Registration Requested but no issuance

Not Yet Submitted/withdrawn/rejected

Number of Projects each month

Number of CDM projects starting the public comments period each month, the number of them that have requested registration, and the number of them that have CERs issued.

609.25609.25

37987609.25

38018609.25

38047609.25

687.4652.6666666667

612.5640.3076923077

453.4588.3888888889

309.3333333333548.5238095238

269.1666666667486.4444444444

451.75481.9677419355

317476.8125

280.7777777778433.7804878049

374.9230769231419.6111111111

355.5413.2

270.625396.4264705882

180.75373.7236842105

229.2727272727355.4597701149

257.25334.2252252252

277.08323.7205882353

197.0833333333304.725

304.4565217391304.6650485437

253.8947368421293.6615969582

253.5833333333285.047761194

310.3875289.9325301205

287.8591549296289.6296296296

297.5769230769290.033203125

290290.0315398887

238.6286.4784110535

213.325281.7512116317

234.9761904762278.7791225416

271.375278.2778561354

229.7608695652275.3218543046

229.3137254902269.8459743291

285.2321428571270.7897042716

229.5128205128269.0987394958

281.5269.7644135189

266.1016949153269.5615023474

249.4716981132268.6091234347

219.9615384615266.447008547

252.7540983607265.7684809098

258.9821428571265.4731934732

271.8666666667265.7579806978

242.8444444444265.0172413793

266.1363636364265.0515320334

232.8181818182264.5651577503

277264.7251184834

219.6923076923264.3322147651

264.1914323963

264.0340909091

&A

Page &P

Average time to submission (monthly)

Average time to submission (cumulative)

Days

Monthly and cumulative average timelag between the start of public comment period and submission of request for registration

7

-29

-28

3

1

1

-24

-23

-22

1

-20

2

-18

-17

2

-15

1

10

1

7

6

6

5

8

14

8

14

20

27

50

87

254

171

133

118

114

77

68

53

35

38

31

31

22

11

13

12

5

9

4

20

Number of months

Number of CDM projects

Time span between start of comment period and host country LoA. Distribution of number of CDM projects in each month in this interval.

420.6666666667

1430.8235294118

1320.8666666667

2320.92

2220.9166666667

6060.9090909091

127110.9202898551

223480.8228782288

93330.7380952381

130520.7142857143

2041170.6355140187

1521020.5984251969

1661310.5589225589

1612210.4214659686

853480.1963048499

193440.0523415978

Registration Requested

Not Yet Submitted/withdrawn/rejected

% requesting registration

Number of Projects each quarter

The percentage submitted for registration

Number of CDM projects starting the public comments period each quarter, the number of them that have requested registration, and the fraction in % as a curve

62.25

71.625

65.8888888889

97.2105263158

51.3125

68.2931034483

52.6875

88.4736842105

85.5882352941

79.8032786885

74.1818181818

77.5555555556

77.38

68.82

68.4683544304

102.5588235294

112.3333333333

82.5952380952

99.6883116883

80.4130434783

107.25

89.1304347826

160.375

153.3333333333

132.3333333333

144.3414634146

165.5909090909

156.652173913

117.125

111.8181818182

117.7575757576

95.8095238095

Days

Average time from request registration until registration

Chart3

10318.3160.0530011803

24340.6060.125028236

15239.810.0782809828

143729.7670.7382839697

1052.3730.0054056312

Methods

The282proposed new (baseline & Monitoring) methodologies sent to the Executive Board(Resubmitted methodologies are only counted once, CCS methodologies not included)Table 3:

The Pipeline was produced by Jrgen Fenhann, UNEP Ris Centre 01-10-08, [email protected], Phone (+45)46775105InitialDaysNumberNumber

Table 1:SubmissionDecisionDays toDecisionDays todecisionRejectionApprovalPer roundCumulative

RoundMeth. No.TypeDescriptionAM/ACMGHG reduction/yrHost countryCredit buyerConsultantTitledate1. Mark1.Mark1. MarkEnd markEnd markEnd markRoundaverageaverageaverageSubmittedAC/ withdrawnPendingAC/ withdrawnPending

11Biomass energyBagasse powerAM1540 ktCO2Braziln.a.ECONERGY BrasilVale Do Rosrio bagasse cogeneration15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A28/Nov/032271545421914680680

12FugitiveFuel switch from coke to charcoal in steel works (=NM29=NM104=NM278)384 ktCO2BrazilIFC-Netherlands & JapanEcoSecuritiesV&M Do Brazil avoided fuel switch project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354261611412110790

13CO2 captureCO2 from NH3 production used in methanol prod.229 ktCO2Trinidad & TobagoGermanyHamburg Inst. of Int. EconomicsM5000 plant in Republic of TrinidAB and Tobago15/Apr/03C8/Jun/03543198668287541011100

14LandfillLandfill gas flaringAM2ca. 800 ktCO2Braziln.a.ICF Consulting UKSalvABor Da Bahia landfill gas project15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A29/Jul/0310542193473081486019160

15LandfillLandfill gas electricityAM3ca. 300 ktCO2BrazilWB NCDFEcosecuritiesNovaGerar landfill gas to energy project15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A17/Oct/031855245224415981027170

16HydroHydro Power144 ktCO2GuatamalaPCFHernan GarciaGuatamala El CanABa Hydroelectric project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/035461911853511156032230

17HFCsBurning HFC23 from HCFC22 productionAM11400 ktCO2South KoreaJapanClimate Experts Ltd.HFCs decomposition project in Ulsan15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A29/Jul/031057194181241927034300

18HydroHydro Power100 ktCO2Costa RicaCERUPTCosta Rica Institute of ElectricityPeas Blancas hydroelectric project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354820522735320911043410

19Biomass energyRice husk power plant (el + steam + cement)400 ktCO2Thailandn.a.Mitsubishi SecuritiesA.T. Biopower rice husk power project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/035491811662191798052490

110LandfillLandfill gas electricityAM10400 ktCO2South AfricaPCFPCFDurban, South Africa landfill gas to electricity15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354A17/Oct/03185101512253641367058560

111Biomass energyBagasse Power100 ktCO2Indian.a.SCM Sugars Limited (India)26 MW bagasse/Biomass cogenerationpower project , Koppa15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354Average time:111802653841028060640

112WindWind farmACM253 ktCO2JamaicaCERUPTEcoSecuritiesWigton wind farm project15/Apr/03B8/Jun/0354Con3/Sep/04507Initial5412174326226734063680

114Biomass energyRice husk power plant (Combined with NM9)400 ktCO2Thailandn.a.Mitsubishi SecuritiesA.T. Biopower rice husk power project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354Rejection54131623003681156068740

115Biomass energyRice husk power plant (Combined with NM9)400 ktCO2Thailandn.a.Mitsubishi SecuritiesA.T. Biopower rice husk power project15/Apr/03C8/Jun/0354Approval21914235320308231210180841

213Biogas0,65 MW biogas power from palm oil waste water27 ktCO2MalaysiaJapanEX Corporation, JapanFELDA Lepar Hilir palm oil mill, biogas project in Malaysia29/May/03C29/Jul/0361Initial61152232033761578087921

216Fuel switchFuel switch from coal to natural gasAM8/ACM918 ktCO2ChileJapan (J-Power)MGM InternationalGraneros plant fuel switching project29/May/03B29/Jul/0361A17/Oct/03141Rejection6116182119345922589946

317EE industryEfficiency improvement of steam use at refineryAM17100 ktCO2Chinan.a.ArmstrongSteam system efficiency improvement in refineris in Fushun, China16/Jul/03B26/Mar/04254A3/Dec/04506Approval1411717916336710361921007

318EE supply sideNew cogeneration industrial plant using natural gasAM14115 ktCO2ChileJapan (J-Power)MGM InternationalMetrogas package cogeneration project16/Jul/03B26/Mar/04254A3/Sep/044151817418423421101101021117

319Biomass energyRice husk power plant (only electricity, =NM9)AM4400 ktCO2Thailandn.a.Mitsubishi SecuritiesA.T. Biopower rice husk power project16/Jul/03A17/Oct/0393Initial1981918518518584311061148

320HydroHydro Power (=NM125)70 ktCO2ColombiaJapan (J-Power)MGM InternationalLa Vuelta and La Herradura hydroelectric project16/Jul/03B26/Mar/04254C14/May/05668Rejection668201561232231236310912011

321LandfillLandfill gas power for on site usageAM1170 ktCO2BrazilCERUPTONYXCERUPT methodology for landfill gas recovery16/Jul/03A28/Nov/03135Approval287212142223121014511012416

422BiogasBiogas power from swine manureAM690 ktCO2ChileCanadaPoch Ambiental, ChileCH4 capture and combustion from swine manure treatment at Peralillo10/Sep/03B26/Mar/04198A14/Jun/04278221811891631036111313017

423HydroHydro powerAM570 ktCO2MexicoPCFPCFEl Gallo hydroelectric project (

Potreba za vrstim odlukama

Obezbijediti signale za dugoronu cijenu dozvola za emisije ugljika i izvjesnost za privatni sektorDefinirati globalni cilj za 2050. podran neposrednim ciljevima, koji e biti dogovoren do procesa UNFCCCOlakati pristup novim tritima dozvola za emisiju ugljika i izvorima kapitala i manjim trokovima ublaavanjaIzgraditi uistinu svjetsko trite dozvola za emisije ugljika meusobnim povezivanjem regionalnih ema i trita dozvola za emisije ugljika kroz povean pristup, ujednaavanje cijena i usklaivanje proizvodaUbrzati rast niskog broja dozvola za emisije ugljika u zemljama u razvojuReformirati postojee mehanizme zasnovane na tritu i istraiti nove instrumente politike smanjene trokove poslovanja, moderniziran proces, pojednostavljene metodologijePoveati i produbiti pristup tritima dozvola za emisije ugljika i finansiranjuOlakati transfer niskougljinih tehnologija i uspostaviti sektorske programe za omoguavanje veih ulaganja u ii razvoj

Glavne poruke o tritu dozvola za emisije ugljika

Trite moe odigrati vanu ulogu u smanjenju emisija staklenikih gasova (GHG)Sada su dostupne tehnologije koje omoguavaju znaajna smanjenja po prihvatljivim cijenama marginalnog ublaavanjaVeliki broj politika moe dovesti do smanjenja emisija GHG-a; potrebna su trita dozvola za emisiju ugljika za provedbu cap-and-trade (ogranienje kvota i trgovine emisijama) i mogu meusobno povezati mjere politikaDuboko, likvidno i globalno trite dozvola za emisiju ugljika ima potencijal za pruanje znaajnih koristi svim uesnicima, ukljuujui i razvojAli, zemlje e trebati donijeti odluke o uspostavljanju signala o dugoronim cijenama i u potpunosti iskoristiti trita dozvola za emisiju ugljika

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