Protists Section 18-1. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic – 200,000 species No simple set of common...
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Transcript of Protists Section 18-1. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic – 200,000 species No simple set of common...
![Page 1: Protists Section 18-1. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic – 200,000 species No simple set of common characteristics Can be unicellular or multicellular Microscopic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070412/5697bf851a28abf838c874df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Protists
Section 18-1
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Kingdom Protista
Eukaryotic – 200,000 species No simple set of common
characteristics Can be unicellular or multicellular Microscopic or very large Aerobic or anaerobic Autotrophic or heterotrophic Sexual or asexual reproduction
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Evolution of Protists About 2 bya, prokaryotes began to
grow larger and develop internal membranes, like the nuclear membrane
Then evolved organelles to help with complex functions like the GA and ER
Endosymbiont hypothesis explains the evolution of the mitochondrion and the chloroplast
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Sexual Reproduction Evolves First appeared about 300 million
years after the first protists Allowed for rapid evolution
because of the increased genetic variation
Eukaryotes experienced a huge adaptive radiation, leading eventually to the billions of eukaryotes we have today
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Classifying Kingdom Protista Anything eukaryotic that cannot be
classified as a fungus, plant, or animal is put into Kingdom Protista
Further classified by the organisms they most resemble: Plant-like protists Animal-like protists Fungus-like protists
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Plant-Like Protists
AKA algae Photosynthetic autotrophs that
contain chlorophyll About 30,000 different species Perform 30-40% of all
photosynthesis Can be unicellular or multicellular
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Plant-Like Protists
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Red Tide
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Animal-Like Protists
AKA protozoans, first-animals Start out unicellular, but some
gather together to live in community at some point in their life cycle
Four phyla, classified by how they move
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Flagellates Called
flagellates, because they move using flagella
Giardia
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Sarcodines
Have pseudopods (false-feet) Amoeba
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Amoeba
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Ciliates Have cilia, tiny
hair-like structures for movement
Paramecium
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Paramecium
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Phylum Sporozoa
Called sporozoans
Parasitic, produce spores
Plasmodium falciparum
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Fungus-Like Protists
Lack chlorophyll, absorb food through their cell walls
Called slime molds
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Life Cycles of Protists
Varied life cycles Euglenophytes branched off before
sexual reproduction and therefore only reproduce asexually
Only genetic variation is from mutation
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Reproduction in Algae
Alternates between sexual and asexual reproduction, as do green plants
Called alternation of generations
Diploid (2n) and haploid (n) cells switch back and forth
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Reproduction in Algae Diploid generation called
sporophyte because it undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores
Spores grow into haploid male and female cells called gametophytes
Gametophytes produce egg and sperm, which fuse to form zygote
Zygote develops into sporophyte
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Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
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Reproduction in Protozoans
Sarcodines (like Amoeba) reproduce asexually by binary fission
Sporozoans produce spores, which are reproductive cells formed without fertilization that can produce a new organism
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Reproduction in Fungus-Like Protists Cellular slime molds spend most of
their lives as individual, free-moving amoeba-like cells
Under certain circumstances, they gather into a sluglike mass, which then forms a fruiting body
Fruiting body releases spores, which will develop into free-moving cells